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Nash, a Nobel Laureate in Economics.[2] The film was directed by Ron Howard
and written by Akiva Goldsman. It was inspired by a bestselling, Pulitzer
Prize-nominated 1998 book of the same name by Sylvia Nasar. The film stars
Russell Crowe, along with Jennifer Connelly, Ed Harris, Christopher Plummer
and Paul Bettany.
The story begins in the early years of Nash's life at Princeton University as he
develops his "original idea" that will revolutionize the world of mathematics.
Early in the movie, Nash begins developing paranoid schizophrenia and
endures delusional episodes while painfully watching the loss and burden his
condition brings on his wife and friends.
The headmaster of Princeton informs Nash, who has missed many of his
classes, that he cannot begin work until he finishes a thesis paper, prompting
him to seek a truly original idea for the paper. A woman at the bar is what
ultimately inspires his fruitful work in the concept of governing dynamics, a
theory in mathematical economics.
On a return visit to Princeton, Nash runs into his former roommate Charles
and meets Charles' young niece Marcee (Vivien Cardone), whom he adores.
Nash is invited to a secret Department of Defense facility in the Pentagon to
crack a complex encryption of an enemy telecommunication. Nash is able to
decipher the code mentally, to the astonishment of other codebreakers. Here,
he encounters the mysterious William Parcher (Ed Harris), who belongs to the
United States Department of Defense.
Alicia, desperate to help her husband, visits the mailbox and retrieves the
never-opened "top secret" documents that Nash had delivered there. When
confronted with this evidence, Nash is finally convinced that he has been
hallucinating. The Department of Defense agent William Parcher and Nash's
secret assignment to decode Soviet messages was in fact all a delusion. Even
more surprisingly, Nash's friend Charles and his niece Marcee are also only
products of Nash's mind.
While bathing his infant son, Nash becomes distracted and wanders off. Alicia
is hanging laundry in the backyard and observes that the back gate is open.
She discovers that Nash has turned an abandoned shed in a nearby grove of
trees into an office for his work for Parcher. Upon realizing what has
happened, Alicia runs into the house to confront Nash and barely saves their
child from drowning in the bathtub. When she confronts him, Nash claims
that his friend Charles was watching their son. Alicia runs to the phone to call
the psychiatric hospital for emergency assistance. Nash suddenly sees
Parcher who urges him to kill his wife, but Nash angrily refuses to do such a
thing. After Parcher points a gun at her, Nash lunges for him, accidentally
knocking Alicia to the ground. Alicia flees the house in fear with their child,
but Nash steps in front of her car to prevent her from leaving. After a
moment, Nash realizes that Marcee is a hallucination, because although
years have passed since their first encounter, Marcee has remained exactly
the same age and is still a little girl. Realizing the implications of this fact, he
tells Alicia, "She never gets old." Only then does he accept that although all
three people seem completely real, they are in fact part of his hallucinations.
Caught between the intellectual paralysis of the antipsychotic drugs and his
delusions, Nash and Alicia decide to try to live with his abnormal condition.
Nash consciously says goodbye to the three of them forever in his attempts
to ignore his hallucinations and not feed "his demons"; however, he thanks
Charles for being his best friend over the years, and says a tearful goodbye to
Marcee, stroking her hair and calling her "baby girl", telling them both he
would not speak to them anymore. They still continue to haunt him, with
Charles mocking him for cutting off their friendship, but Nash learns to ignore
them.
Nash grows older and approaches his old friend and intellectual rival Martin
Hansen, now head of the Princeton mathematics department, who grants him
permission to work out of the library and audit classes. Even though Nash still
suffers from hallucinations and mentions taking newer medications, he is
ultimately able to live with and largely ignore his psychotic episodes. He
takes his situation in stride and humorously checks to ensure that any new
acquaintances are in fact real people, not hallucinations.
John Forbes Nash Jr., Ph.D. (born June 13, 1928) is an American
mathematician whose works in game theory, differential geometry, and
partial differential equations have provided insight into the forces that govern
chance and events inside complex systems in daily life. His theories are still
used today in market economics, computing, artificial intelligence,
accounting and military theory. Serving as a Senior Research Mathematician
at Princeton University during the later part of his life, he shared the 1994
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with game theorists Reinhard
Selten and John Harsanyi.
Nash is also the subject of the Hollywood movie A Beautiful Mind, which was
nominated for eight Academy Awards (winning four). The film, based very
loosely on the biography of the same name, focuses on Nash's mathematical
genius and his struggle with paranoid schizophrenia.[1][2]
Schizophrenia
Nash began to show signs of extreme paranoia and his wife later described
his behavior as increasingly erratic, as he began speaking of characters who
were putting him in danger. Nash seemed to believe that there was an
organization chasing him, in which all men wore "red ties". Nash mailed
letters to foreign embassies in Washington, D.C., declaring that he was
establishing a world government.[citation needed]
Although prescribed medication, Nash wrote later that he only took it either
involuntarily or under pressure, but after 1970, he was never committed to
the hospital again and refused any medication. According to Nash, the film A
Beautiful Mind inaccurately showed him taking new atypical antipsychotics
during this period. He attributed the depiction to the screenwriter (whose
mother, he notes, was a psychiatrist), who was worried about encouraging
people with the disorder to stop taking their medication.[9] Others, however,
have questioned whether the fabrication obscured a key question as to
whether recovery from problems like Nash's can actually be hindered by such
drugs,[10] and Nash has said they are overrated and that the adverse effects
are not given enough consideration once someone is considered mentally ill.
[11][12][13]
According to Nasar, Nash recovered gradually with the passage of
time. Encouraged by his then former wife, De Lardé, Nash worked in a
communitarian setting where his eccentricities were accepted. De Lardé also
said for Nash, "it's just a question of living a quiet life".[14]
Nash dates the start of what he terms "mental disturbances" to the early
months of 1959 when his wife was pregnant. He has described a process of
change "from scientific rationality of thinking into the delusional thinking
characteristic of persons who are psychiatrically diagnosed as 'schizophrenic'
or 'paranoid schizophrenic'"[15] including seeing himself as a messenger or
having a special function in some way, and with supporters and opponents
and hidden schemers, and a feeling of being persecuted, and looking for
signs representing divine revelation.[16] Nash has suggested his delusional
thinking was related to his unhappiness, and his striving to feel important and
be recognized, and to his characteristic way of thinking such that "I wouldn't
have had good scientific ideas if I had thought more normally." He has said,
"If I felt completely pressureless I don't think I would have gone in this
pattern".[17] He does not see a categorical distinction between terms such as
schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.[18] Nash reports that he did not hear
voices until around 1964, later engaging in a process of rejecting them.[19]
Nash reports that he was always taken to hospital against his will, and only
temporarily renounced his "dream-like delusional hypotheses" after being in
hospital long enough to decide to superficially conform and behave normally
or experience "enforced rationality". Only gradually on his own did he
"intellectually reject" some of the "delusionally influenced" and "politically-
oriented" thinking as a waste of effort. However, by 1995, he felt that
although he was "thinking rationally again in the style that is characteristic of
scientists", he felt more limited
Late adolescence and early adulthood are peak years for the onset of
schizophrenia. In 40% of men and 23% of women diagnosed with
schizophrenia, the condition arose before the age of 19.[9] These are critical
periods in a young adult's social and vocational development, and they can
be severely disrupted. To minimize the effect of schizophrenia, much work
has recently been done to identify and treat the prodromal (pre-onset) phase
of the illness, which has been detected up to 30 months before the onset of
symptoms, but may be present longer.[10] Those who go on to develop
schizophrenia may experience the non-specific symptoms of social
withdrawal, irritability and dysphoria in the prodromal period,[11] and transient
or self-limiting psychotic symptoms in the prodromal phase before psychosis
becomes apparent