SYNOPSIS

Four-wheel Steering System

GUIDED BY :
Submitted by : -
PROBLEM DEFINITION : -
Design & develop a Four-weel steering system
OBE!TI"E :-
!e pro"e#t ere is all about a Four-weel steering system$ In tis pro"e#t we ave
planned to develop a Four-weel steering system tat will assist te driver to drive a #ar
easily in #ongested areas su# as I%DI&
#u$%r$steer Fe$tures:-
!e 'uadrasteer steering system o((ers a )*+ redu#tion in turning radius$ So i( a vei#le
is #apable o( ma,ing a U-turn in a )--(oot spa#e. 'uadrasteer allows te driver to do it in
about )/ (eet$
LITER&T'RE RE"IE( :-
(h$t is )our-wheel steering*

!e #on#ept is simple$ 0ater tan #ontrolling a #ar solely by te angle at wi# te (ront
tires meet te road -- te metod used by weeled vei#les sin#e te orse-drawn #arriage
-- (our-weel steering turns te weels simultaneously at bot ends o( te #ar$ !e idea is
intuitively appealing to any #ity driver wo as ever pulled up to a too-sort par,ing
spa#e and wised e #ould point all (our tires toward te #urb and #rab rigt in$
%ot so easy$ For starters. te rear weels o( a (our-weel-steer #ar do not always turn in
tandem wit te (ront weels$ Depending on te speed o( te #ar. te rear weels may
turn in te same dire#tion 1same-side steering2 as te (ront weels. or in te opposite
dire#tion 1#ountersteering2$ 3ost o( te new (our-weel-steer autos are #apable o( bot
#ountersteering and same-side steering$ In sarp. slow-speed turns. #ountersteering #an
save a (ull yard o(( a standard sedan4s turning radius$ &t ig speeds. owever.
#ountersteering #an ma,e a #ar dangerously unstable. wile same-side steering a#tually
improves te ride$
!e di((eren#e #omes (rom te dynami#s o( ig-speed motoring$ 5en a driver
traveling at igway speeds turns te weel o( a #onventional. two-weel steering #ar.
te (ront tires immediately begin to pivot and te #ar4s (orward momentum generates a
power(ul sideways or #ornering (or#e at te (ront a6le$ !e rear tires. owever. ave to
wait until te #ar as a#tually started its turn be(ore tey begin to generate a
#orresponding (or#e at te rear a6le$ !at is wy a #ar wit two-weel steering (istails
during lane #anges. te ba#, end is trying to #at# up to te (ront$ In e6treme #ases. or
under slippery #onditions. te rear o( te #ar may (istail out o( #ontrol$
In a (our-weel-steer #ar. tis ig-speed sway #an be damped or even eliminated
troug te use o( same-side steering$ 5en te rear weels are turned at te same time
and in te same dire#tion as te (ront weels. te ba#, end turns wit te (ront. and te
#ornering (or#es o##ur at bot a6les simultaneously$ !e #ar slides smootly to te side
witout sway or (istail$
But ow #an te rear weels turn one way at low speeds and anoter dire#tion at ig7
!at is te #entral engineering problem in (our-weel steering. and te #ompeting
8apanese automa,ers ave #ome up wit an astonising variety o( te#nologi#al
solutions$ 3a9da4s :): (our-door sedan solves te problem ele#troni#ally$ Sensors
monitor te #ar4s speed and its (ront-weel angle and pass te in(ormation to an onboard
#omputer. wi# determines in wat dire#tion te ba#, weels sould turn$ &t speeds less
tan )) m$p$$. te rear weels #ountersteer; at more tan )) m$p$$. tey turn in te same
dire#tion as te (ront weels$ 3itsubisi4s version is simpler but more limited$ <n its
(our-weel-steer Galant models. now available in 8apan. te rear weels are in#apable o(
#ountersteering. but tey #an turn wit te (ront weels at ig speeds$ !e a#tion is
#ontrolled ydrauli#ally: as speed in#reases. so does te oil pressure in te #ar4s rear
di((erential. te gear assembly tat trans(ers te engine4s driving (or#e to te rear a6les$
!e iger te oil pressure. te more sarply te rear weels turn
MET+ODOLO,Y &DOPTED :-
E6perts di((er on (our-weel steering4s potential$ 8erry 0ivard. vi#e president o( Bendi6
Ele#troni#s. a ma"or auto supplier. #alls it a =dramati# "ump in te#nology= and predi#ts
tat it will be standard e>uipment on #ars o( te (uture$ 0on Glant9. an auto analyst at
3ontgomery Se#urities. (eels oterwise$ =<ter tan par,ing.= e says. =te only bene(it
is on gravel roads at speeds over ?/ m$p$$= In 8apan. were te te#nology was (irst
mar,eted more tan two years ago. #ar buyers seem (avorably impressed$ %issan reports
tat @/+ o( te 8apanese wo pi#, te (lasy S,yline model as, (or (our-weel steering$
Some ?-+ o( tose buying new Aonda Brelude in 8apan ave pur#ased te ig-te#
option$
&t te Big !ree U$S$ automa,ers. spo,esmen say te #ompanies are still assessing
mar,et demand$ Donald 0un,le. a dire#tor o( advan#ed vei#le engineering at General
3otors. a#,nowledges tat (our-weel steering #an improve andling and
maneuverability$ !e >uestion. e says. is weter &meri#ans will be willing to pay te
premium o( some C*./// te 8apanese are #arging$ =5e ave #ome down on te side o(
it not being wort wat it #osts D rigt now.= says 0un,le$ =But we #ould be wrong$
Aonda #ould #ome in ere and #lean our #lo#, wit (our-weel steering$=
+istory:-
Four weel steering is a system tat allows te rear weels to turn (or maneuvering.
rater tan "ust (ollow te (ront weels$ @5S isn4t new. you migt remember it as an
option on Aonda Breludes in te late *EF/4s and early *EE/4s$
&t slow speeds. te rear weels move te opposite dire#tion o( te (ront
weels$ !is ma,es (or easier par,ing and maneuvering$
&t igway speeds. te rear weels move in te same dire#tion as te (ront
weels (or easier lane #anging$ I( you4re pulling a trailer you4ll really
appre#iate tis (eature. sin#e it allows your vei#le to #ange lanes witout
te sna,ing-e((e#t you4d normally e6perien#e$
5eter you are going o(( road. pulling a boat or trailer. driving on te Interstate. or
par,ing in a tigt spot. you4ll noti#e a big di((eren#e in maneuverability wen te rear
weels ta,e part in te steering$ Goo, (or an in#reasing number o( vei#les to be
e>uipped wit tis maneuver-enan#ing (eature$
REFEREN!E :-
A!!B:HH555$BIIJUB!0UIJS$I<3HA!3GHS!<0IESHG3I!EIAH
!A0EE*$A!3G
A!!B:HH555$G<<GGE$I<$I%HSE&0IA7
AGKE%&'K&DL&%!&GEM<FM5A&!MISMF<U0-5AEEGMS!EE0I%GM&3E!&K
G B B&%! N &U!<3<!ILE E%GG$
0B GUB!& - &U!<3<!ILE E%GG$