LECTIA 19

DIATEZA PASIVA
Numai verbele tranzitive, adica verbele care primec un c!mplement direct "une!ri i
indirect#, au diateza paiva$
%!&n cried$ Cry ete un verb intranzitiv$ Nu are paiv$
%!&n sold t&e &!ue$ Sell ete un verb tranzitiv$ Are paiv$
A$ 'e(ula (enerala$ Pentru a tran)!rma ! pr!p!zitie la diateza activa intr*una la diateza
paiva+
1$ c!mplementul direct devine ubiect
,$ be are acelai timp ca verbul principal
-$ verbul principal devine participiu trecut
.$ ubiectul devine a(entul, precedat de by$
diateza subiect verb complement/agent
activ %!&n !ld t&e &!ue
pasiv T&e &!ue /a !ld b0 %!&n
N1TA+ A(entul e e2prima de !bicei cu by$ Dar cand a(entul ete ! ubtanta au
materie prima )!l!iti with$
T&e n!vel /a /ritten by De)!e$
T&e )l!!r /a c!vered with !il$
Adeea nu ete neceara peci)icarea a(entului$
T&e bur(lar /a entenced !ne 0ear in pri!n$
Iata un tabel al ec&ivalentel!r activ*paiv+
Timp Diateza activa Diateza pasiva
Prezent simplu ell i !ld
Prezent continuu i ellin( i bein( !ld
Trecut simplu !ld /a !ld
Trecut continuu /a ellin( /a bein( !ld
Perfect prezent &a !ld &a been !ld
Mai mult ca perfect &ad !ld &ad been !ld
Viitor /ill ell /ill be !ld
Conditional /!uld ell /!uld be !ld
Conditional perfect /!uld &ave !ld /!uld &ave been !ld
Infinitiv prezent t! ell t! be !ld
Infinitiv perfect t! &ave !ld t! &ave been !ld
Forma in -IN ellin( bein( !ld
Participiu perfect &avin( !ld &avin( been !ld
3e keeps t&e d!!r !pen$ "a# T&e d!!r is kept !pen$ "p#
S&e has shut t&e b!!4$ "a# T&e b!!4 has been shut$ "p#
3e will carry t&e ba($ "a# T&e ba( will be carried$ "p#
L!c4in( t&e a)e,5 "a# T&e a)e bein( l!c4ed,5"p#
N1TA+ In en(leza v!rbita, get "in l!cul lui be# e )!l!ete adeea pentru diateza paiva$
6!u7ll get &urt$ 8 6!u7ll be &urt$
9$ 'e(uli peciale$ Pentru a tran)!rma ! pr!p!zitie la diateza activa intr*una la diateza
paiva+
1$ IN:INITIV;L activ devine IN:INITIV paiv+
dupa verbe m!dale "must, may, can etc$#+
T!m may write t&e b!!4$ "a# T&e b!!4 may be written$ "p#
6!u must tell &im$ "a# 3e must be told$ "p#
dupa like/love/wish/want ! complement direct+
3e wanted them to delay t&e train$ "a#
3e wanted the train to be delayed$ "p#
S&e liked us to water t&e )l!/er at da/n$ "a#
S&e liked the flowers to be watered at da/n$ "p#
,$ )!l!iti that should ! INFINITIV pasiv+
dupa agree, decide, arrange, demand ! INFINITIV ! complement+
<e agreed to take Tim$ "a#
<e agreed that Tim should be taken$ "p#
T&e0 decided to reduce the price$ "a#
T&e0 decided that the price should be reduced$ "p#
dupa advise, insist, propose, recommend, suggest ! forma in -IN !
complement+
S&e advised finishing the job$ "a#
S&e advised that the job should be finished$ "p#
T&e0 suggested driving the car$ "a#
T&e0 suggested that the car should be driven$ "p#
N1TA+ Dupa need )!l!iti un (erunziu sau IN:INITIV paiv$ Senul ete identic "vezi
Lectia 1=#$
T&e p&!ne needs repairing$
T&e p&!ne needs to be repaired$ "ambele pr!p!zitii unt paive#
-$ d!ua )!rme alternative de paiv e p!t )!l!i in m!d imper!nal cu+ assume,
believe, claim, estimate, find, know, presume, report, say, suppose, understand
"vezi i Lectia1=>1?#+
They say that he is a (eniu$ "a#
It is said that he is a (eniu$ "p#
He is said to be a (eniu$ "p#
eople believe that the story is true$ "a#
It is believed that the story is true$ "p#
The story is believed to be true$ "p#
.$ prep!zitiile unt plaate dupa verbul paiv+
verbe c!mple2e "verb @ prep!zitie#+
<e will take care of t&e (arden l!vin(l0$ "a#
T&e (arden will be taken care of l!vin(l0$ "p#
verb @ prep!zitie @ c!mplement+
3e had to write to his parents dail0$ "a#
3i parent had to be written to dail0$ "p#
3er )amil0 never thought of her$ "a#
S&e /a never thought of "b0 &er )amil0#$ "p#
=$ pr!p!zitiile cu d!ua c!mplemente "c!mplement direct i indirect# au d!ua )!rme
p!ibile de paiv+
3e t!ld her a lie$ "a#
She /a t!ld a lie$ "p#
! lie /a t!ld t! &er$ "p#
T&e0 ent him a letter$ "a#
He /a ent a letter$ "p#
! letter /a ent t! &im$ "p#
C$ ;tilizare$ Paivul e )!l!ete+
1$ pentru a ublinia actiunea i nu a(entul+
T&e criminal was arrested$
6!u are invited t! t&e /eddin( recepti!n$
,$ cand a(entul ete necun!cut, neimp!rtant au evident+
3e is said t! be a bad*tempered man$
T&e cellar was entirel0 flooded$
Aenned0 was elected preident$
EBE'CITII
1$ Tran)!rmati pr!p!zitiile la diateza activa in pr!p!zitii la diateza paiva$ Enuntati
a(entul numai daca ete imp!rtant pentru enul pr!p!zitiei$
1$ C!!d c!!4 ue t&e bet in(redient$
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
,$ Pe!ple uuall0 )ear na4e$
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
-$ Laura /ill pil!t t&e plane t! %amaica$
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
.$ T&e0 pr!ved t&e t&e!r0 t! be /r!n($
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
=$ Sinatra an( all t&e !ld &it$
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
?$ Ant&!n0 :in i preparin( t&e )inancial rep!rt$
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
D$ N!b!d0 &a /a&ed m0 &irtE
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
F$ 1ur tudent enG!0ed t&e S&a4epeare pla0$
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
9$ T&e C!vernment /ill pr!p!e ne/ ta2e t&i /ee4$
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
1H$ Pe!ple d!n7t c!nider &im dependable$
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
,$ C!mpletati patiile cu by au with$
1$ T&e cellar /a )l!!ded 5555 /ater$
,$ T&e cellar /a )l!!ded 5555 a rain t!rm$
-$ T&e &!ue /a built 5555 Ir$ 3a/4e$
.$ T&e &!ue /a built 5555 /!!d$
=$ T&e pa(&etti /a c!vered 5555 (rated c&eee$
?$ T! 4eep it /arm, t&e meat /a c!vered 5555 an!t&er plate$
D$ T&e I!nalia /a painted 5555 Le!nard! da Vinci$
F$ T&e Eater E(( /ere c!l!ured 5555 ve(etable d0e$
-$ Pr!p!zitiile de mai G! au d!ua c!mplemente i d!ua )!rme alternative de paiv$ Dati
ambele )!rme$
1$ T&e0 ent &im t/! /arnin($
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
,$ T&e bi!l!(0 teac&er re(ularl0 (ive T!n0 e2tra lab /!r4$
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
-$ T&e aleman /ill &!/ 0!u t&e latet m!del$
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
.$ I /ill (ive 0!u t/! !pti!n$
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
=$ T&e0 pa0 u t&e rent !nce a m!nt&$
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
?$ <e /ill end eac& !) t&e tudent an applicati!n )!rm$
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
5555555555555555555555555555555555$
APLICATII
<A'
1$ <&0 d! pe!ple till /a(e /ar /&en /e &ave a l!n( &it!r0 t&at &!/ u &!/ terrible
t&e0 are and &!/ muc& u))erin( t&e0 pr!duceJ <!n7t /e ever learn t&i le!nJ
T&e an/er i a bit m!re c!mplicated$ Pe!ple (! t! /ar m!t !) t&e time becaue !) a
pr!)!und )ailure t! c!mmunicate+ ee reli(i!u /ar !r /ar )!r et&nic cleanin($ <e till
d!n7t 4n!/ &!/ t! accept and repect !ne an!t&er, even /it& all t&e di))erence$ And
!me imp!rtant caue !) /ar n!/ada0 are p!vert0 and (reed$ S!me pe!ple are t!!
p!!r and )i(&t )!r )!!d and a c&ance )!r li)e, and !t&er never &ave en!u(& and /ant
m!re$
Modern "eapons#
A tec&n!l!(0 advanced, ! did t&e /eap!n bec!me m!re !p&iticated$ T&e ev!luti!n
!) cience n!t !nl0 br!u(&t (!!d t&in(, but al! better and m!re pr!)icient /a0 t! 4ill
!ne an!t&er$
It i true t&at m!dern militar0 tec&n!l!(0 )!cue !n devel!pin( precie /eap!n t&at
tar(et !nl0 militar0 c!mp!und, uc& a CPS*(uided miile, tri4e )i(&ter Get, nuclear*
p!/ered aircra)t carrier etc$
3!/ever, !ne !) t&e m!t deadl0 m!dern mean !) 4illin( i repreented b0 t&e /eap!n
!) ma detructi!n, /&ic& are a tar(et !) t&e <ar !n Terr!rim$
$ngoing nuclear t%reat#
1ut !) all /eap!n t&at man4ind &a devied ! )ar, t&e nuclear b!mb i b0 )ar t&e m!t
detructive$ Alt&!u(& it /a !nl0 ued t/ice, in 3ir!&ima and Na(aa4i, t&e /!rld
/itneed t&e c!pe !) it detructi!n$ Since t&en, t&e nuclear b!mb /ere impr!ved, and
n!/, /e &!ld t&e nuclear p!/er t! detr!0 planet Eart& man0 time !ver$
C!untrie li4e Iran and N!rt& A!rea p!e an !n(!in( nuclear t&reat t! t&e /!rld$ T!
c!unteract t&i, t&e maG!rit0 !) c!untrie &ave i(ned t&e "uclear "on#roliferation
Treaty, /&ic& limit t&e pread !) nuclear /eap!n$
,$ DEAT3 !r DEADJ C&!!e t&e c!rrect an/er$
1$ Samuel C!ld/0n+ KI d!nLt t&in4 an0!ne &!uld /rite t&eir aut!bi!(rap&0 until a)ter
t&e0Lre $$$$M
a$ deat& b$ dead
,$ <!!d0 Allen+ K1n t&e plu ide, $$$ i !ne !) t&e )e/ t&in( t&at can be d!ne Gut a
eail0 l0in( d!/n$M
a$ deat& b$ dead
-$ Iar4 T/ain+ KT&e rep!rt !) m0 $$$ /a an e2a((erati!n$M
a$ deat& b$ dead
.$ Erma 9!mbec4+ KAn0b!d0 /&! /atc&e t&ree (ame !) )!!tball in a r!/ &!uld be
declared brain $$$$M
a$ deat& b$ dead
=$ Ce!r(e Santa0ana+ KT&ere i n! cure )!r birt& and $$$ ave t! enG!0 t&e interval$M
a$ deat& b$ dead
?$ Samuel C!ld/0n+ KI) I c!uld dr!p $$$ ri(&t n!/, ILd be t&e &appiet man alive$M
a$ deat& b$ dead
-$ :!ll!/ t&e clue )!r &cross and Do"n t! )ill in t&e cr!/!rd$
&cross
1$ <ar brin( deat& and $$$$$$ t! t&e /!rld$
.$ T&e $$$$$$ b!mb can detr!0 all li)e !n Eart&$
?$ T&i i !met&in( t&at &a n! place in a civilized /!rld$
D$ I!dern /eap!n are (uided b0 $$$$$$
F$ It i t&e m!dern manner !) )i(&tin( a(aint dem!crac0 and libert0$
9$ T&e0 are ued t! 4ill t&e enem0$
1H$ T&e $$$$$$ are t&e victim t&at )all durin( a /ar$
Do"n
,$ $$$$$$ i a leadin( caue )!r /ar n!/ada0$
-$ T&i i !met&in( /e &!uld all trive t! ac&ieve$
=$ T&i (r!up i n!t part !) t&e militar0$