USE OF ENGLISH

Some psychologists are worried about the psychological impact on those

who undergo drastic cosmetic surgery and also on those who don't and, consequently,
may feel inadequate. Although radical transformations are rare, some psychologists plan to
investigate the surge in cosmetic procedures and whether these surgeries have
any lasting psychological consequences. The number of cosmetic operations increased by
44 percent from 2003 to 2004, according to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic
Surgery. Plastic surgeons conducted a record 11.9 million procedures last 5 year, both non-
surgical (like Botox) and surgical (like breast augmentation or liposuction).
How do such practices affect patients psychologically? Social workers have made a recent
analysis of 37 studies on patients' psychological and psychosocial functioning before and
after cosmetic surgery. It suggests positive outcomes in patients,
including improvements in body image and possibly a quality-of-life increase too. But the
same research published in April 2005 also found several elements of poor outcomes,
especially for those who hold unrealistic 10 expectations or have a history of depression
and anxiety. The researchers found that patients who are dissatisfied with surgery may
request repeat procedures or experience depression and adjustment problems, social
isolation, family problems, self-destructive behaviours and anger toward the surgeon and
his or her staff.

a) Find in the text one word meaning a doctor whose job is to perform medical
operations (noun).
b) Give one opposite for AUGMENTATION (noun)
c) Find in the text a synonym for RESULT (noun)
d) Complete the series with another word of the same semantic group: REQUEST,
SOLICIT, IMPLORE, BEG,...
e) Join the following sentences using a relative pronoun. Make changes if necessary.
Martins mother is Spanish. She speaks both Spanish and English fluently.
f) Fill in the gap with the correct form of the verb in brackets:
Someone (hit).me as I came into the room.
g) Give a question for the underlined words:
The Members of Parliament met the Prime Minister last Friday.
h) Use the words below to make a meaningful sentence. Use all and only the words
in the boxes without changing the form. WHOLE WITH INFECTED THE HER SHE
ENTHUSIASM CLASS

SYNONYMS
Each of us with hearing and vocal cords can sing, but many of us do not enjoy this
primitive pleasure because of self-consciousness and shame at the sounds we make. As
with any other human capacity, the less we sing, the less we believe we are capable of
doing it well.
An inability to sing has become so common that there are now classes and camps to help
people make, hear, and appreciate the sounds of their own voices. Paul Winter, a
gifted musician and composer, often holds summer singing camps for adults. Though he
travels and performs internationally to bring musical traditions of different cultures
together, and has pioneered the use of natural sounds in his compositions, he finds that
getting the silent to sing is one of the most gratifying things in music. With the simple act
of singing people's lives change.
Perhaps the need to use all our senses explains why a decrease in such school "extras" as
music, art, dance, and gym often seems to parallel the loss of student self esteem caused
by other academic subjects. And as adults, we tend to narrow our forms of self-
expression even more. Any one of our human capacities, when unused, leaves a small
hole in the fabric of our self-esteem. Think of the times you have said: "I can't write," "I
can't paint," "I can't run", "I can't dance", "I can't sing." Since this was not literally true,
you were really saying: "I'm not acceptable as I am."

Find the words in the text that mean:
- Talented
- Plays music
- Rewarding
- Structure

TRUE OR FALSE
Prehistoric man was thought to have practised tattooing, that is, puncturing the skin with
tools dipped in pigment that left a permanent mark. And mummies with decorative
tattoos have been discovered in many parts of the world. Yet for nearly as long as there
has been tattooing, there has been condemnation. The Romans considered decorative
tattooing barbaric, which is still evident in the Latin word for tattoo, stigma, and used
tattoos to mark slaves and criminals. Despite its deep roots in ancient cultures, tattooing
had fallen out of practice in Europe by the time Britain's Captain Cook set sail for the
Polynesian Islands in 1768.
Though Cook and his men were not the first Europeans to encounter Oceanic tattooing,
they were the first to record the practice systematically. Cook also introduced to the
English language the word tattoo, taken from the Tahitian. Cook's men did not fully
understand the significance of tattooing among the Oceanic people, for whom the designs
were symbolic protection against earthly enemies. Yet the sailors were fascinated
and eager to be marked themselves. They adopted the practice with gusto, designing
mariner motifs of their own. A turtle meant a sailor had crossed the equator, and
an anchor that he had sailed the Atlantic. Crucifixion scenes were also popular motifs --a
vain attempt to avoid being beaten, as it was hoped no one would dare hit the image of
Christ.
Today, all types of people get tattooed. Though the art was adopted from distant cultures
and adapted to suit Western tastes, the attraction of tattooing has changed very little.

Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE? Copy the evidence from the text. No
marks are given for only TRUE or FALSE.
- Fashionable people in the Roman world had tattoos
- The origin of the word tattoo in English is unknown

WRITE IN YOUR OWN WORDS
Do animals have rich emotional lives? For people who spend a lot of time with animals,
these are silly questions. Common sense tells us that our animal companions
do indeed show happiness, sadness, anger, jealousy and grief. However, common sense is
sometimes difficult to reconcile with science sense, which looks for repeatable observations
under controlled conditions. But emotions are often brief and unrepeatable.
For centuries, the inner lives of animals were ignored because we assumed animals were
automatons - biological machines ruled simply by urges and instincts, responding
mechanically to stimuli they were confronted with. However, we share nearly 99 percent of
our genetic material with our nearest biological relative, the chimpanzee. Is it possible,
then, that with so much in common, we have emotions and other creatures do not?
Like people, animals behave in recognizable ways when feeling happiness, grief or anger.
In addition, the study of neurobiology reveals that different species of animals have in
common both certain brain structures and the chemicals that transmit information within
those structures. Today many scientists are accepting that non-human animals do indeed
experience emotions and there is increasing evidence that birds, reptiles and fish
experience some kind of emotional activity as well. The study of animal emotions has
become an exciting field that is quickly making up for lost time. According to some
scientists, in the last ten years we have probably learned as much as we did in the previous
one hundred.
In your own words and based on the ideas in the text, answer the following
questions.
a. Why did animal emotions go unnoticed for many years?
b. What scientific evidence is there to show that animals experience emotions?


COMPOSITION
Write about 100 to 150 words in the following topic: Some people believe that children
under the age of 13 should not have mobile phones. What do you think? Discuss.
Planificacin
Tormenta de ideas: piensa en
vocabulario relacionado con este
tema: mobile phones; teenagers,
forbid, harmful, useless, text
messages...
Organiza las ideas teniendo en
cuenta que la redaccin debe
expresar tu opinin personal.
Comienza presentando el tema
del que vas a escribir y tu opinin
sobre l (responde a la
pregunta: What do you think?
Conclusin: refuerza tu opinin
con un argumento final.
Divide las ideas en prrafos.
Utiliza expresiones para
organizar, relacionar o aadir
ideas y para presentar tu opinin
personal: in addition, first,
therefore, furthermore, I strongly
believe, I think..