International Aquafeed - March April 2014 FULL EDITION

I N C O R P O R AT I N G
F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y
The Role of prebiotics in

Pangasius production
Poultry hydrolysates enhance stress
resistance & stress tolerance
in Pacific white shrimp
Microalgae and aquaculture

feed and cycle management
Fish Farming Technology supplement
Aquaculture UK
our 16 page guide to the UK's premier
aquaculture event
Vo l u m e 1 7 I s s u e 2 2 0 1 4 -
MARCH | APRIL
www.indolivestock.com
AQUA
FEED
CONTENTS
AN INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE FOR THE AQUACULTURE FEED

INDUSTRY - INCORPORATING FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY
Volume 17 / Issue 2 / March-April 2014 / Copyright Perendale Publishers Ltd 2014 / All rights reserved
Aqua News
3
4
8
9
Monitors at a glance
Summary of outcomes from FAOs COFI meeting on the fish trade
Aquaculture act to provide 20,000 possible jobs
Methiopedia - a technical reference book for methionine
Features
10
14
20
23
26
32
34
46
The role of prebiotics in pangasius production

Poultry hydrolysates enhance stress resistance and stress tolerance in Pacific white shrimp
Microalgae and aquaculture - feed and cycle management
Marine laboratory introduces elegant microalgal bubble column
Dietary biological additives effect on feed utilization in Nile tilapia
Fish feed industry in Egypt: constraints and solutions
The holistic approach to automation and moisture control technology in aquafeed mills
Aquaculture technology - product showcase
Regular items
7 THE AQUACULTURISTS
24 PHOTOSHOOT
36 EXPERT TOPIC - SHRIMP
42 INDUSTRY EVENTS
FAMI-QS is celebrating its 10-year anniversary

Aquaculture Europe 2014 set on San Sebastin, Spain
44 CLASSIFIED ADVERTS
XIV THE AQUAFEED INTERVIEW (as part of our Aquaculture UK supplement)
48 INDUSTRY FACES
International Aquafeed is published six times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom.
All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies, the publishers accept
no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken on the basis of information published. Copyright 2014
Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior
permission of the copyright owner. Printed by Perendale Publishers Ltd. ISSN: 1464-0058
Also
Our 16 in this issue:

p
Technolo age Fish Farm
ing
gy cen
supplem tre section
Aquacult ent:
ure
preview UK
www.perendale.co.uk
Editor
Professor Simon Davies
Email: simond@aquafeed.co.uk
Associate Editors
Dr Albert Tacon
Email: albertt@perendale.co.uk
Dr Yu Yu
Email: yuy@perendale.co.uk
Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition)
Email: mai@perendale.co.uk
Editorial Advisory Panel
Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed (Egypt)
Dr Albert Tacon (USA)
Professor Antnio Gouveia (Portugal)
Professor Charles Bai (Korea)
Colin Mair (UK)
Dr Daniel Merrifield (UK)
Dr Dominique Bureau (Canada)
Dr Elizabeth Sweetman (Greece)
Dr Kim Jauncey (UK)
Eric De Muylder (Belgium)
Dr Pedro Encarnao (Singapore)
Dr Mohammad R Hasan (Italy)
Circulation & Events Manager
Tuti Tan
Email: tutit@aquafeed.co.uk
Design & Page Layout
James Taylor
Email: jamest@aquafeed.co.uk
International marketing team (UK)
Darren Parris
Email: darrenp@aquafeed.co.uk
Lee Bastin
Email: leeb@aquafeed.co.uk
Tom Blacker
Email: tomb@perendale.co.uk
Latin American
Ivn Marquetti
Email: ivanm@perendale.com
Pablo Porcel de Peralta
Email: pablop@perendale.com
India
Raj Kapoor
Email: rajk@perendale.com
Africa
Nathan Nwosu
Email: nathann@perendale.com
Australasia
Roy Palmer
Email: royp@perendale.com
More information:
International Aquafeed
7 St George's Terrace, St James' Square
Cheltenham, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom
Tel: +44 1242 267706
Website: www.aquafeed.co.uk
Creoso - welcome
This editorial is being written on St Davids day (March 1st), the patron
Saint of my native Wales so the welcome in Welsh above is so apt.
was able to escape at least temporarily escape the vicious storms

that have affected large parts of England and Wales this year
since Christmas causing havoc and very prolonged flooding. I
attended the Aquaculture America 2014 conference in Seattle
with members of my research group from Plymouth.
The weather in the Pacific North west was at least more stable, but still
cold although dry. These events are very valuable for me to catch up
on friends, both technical and academic, and an excellent opportunity
to meet students and the next generation of aquaculture specialists. It
was a pleasure again to meet Dr Aaron Watson who has now joined
the South Carolina, Department of Natural Resources and who has
written reports for us on several occasions.
Professor Simon Davies
However, I did find the trade show rather subdued this year with a noticeable lack of detail and
information about products and what appeared to be scaled- down stands and fewer personnel
representing organisations and industry. It is of course a very American event but I was disappointed by the degree of international attendance as this would be an excellent opportunity to
forge business and create synergy between nations engaged in aquaculture.
It would certainly have been good to see a more Asian presence as Seattle is within reasonable
reach of Asia and China especially. Hopefully, an improved economic up turn could lead to a
more prominent event in New Orleans in 2015, where it should be a few degrees warmer for
most of us.
In our spring issue
For this spring issue we report on a number of interesting developments in the aquaculture feed
sector with news on the inclusion of animal by-products that are becoming important again in Europe.
Also we report on the algal scene with a feature entitled Microalgae and aquaculture: - feed and
cycle management by Thomas Wencker, Regina Storandt, Dr Peter Waldeck (all IGV Biotech),
Janine Dinske (Terra Urbana GmbH), Wilfried Lehmann (Spezialfuttermittelwerk Beeskow
GmbH).
Also we feature an article entitled Effect of Different Sources and Levels of some Dietary
Biological Additives on Feed Utilization by Nile Tilapia Fish by Abdelhamid, A.M. Animal
Production Deptartment, Facilty of Agriculture, Al-Mansourah University, Al-Mansourah, Egypt;
and M.E.A. Seden and O.A. Zenhom, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbasa,
Abo-Hammad, Egypt.
The holistic approach to automation and moisture control technology in aquafeed mills by
Yannks Christodoulou, President, Agentis Innovations, Bangsue, Bangkok, Thailand, complements
our technology sector.
Trout focus
Our special coverage of trout as the fish focus is timely as this industry has declined so much in
the UK due to financial pressures and increasing environmental constraints. This is a real pity since
its my favourite fresh water fish for eating with a delicate flavour, quality and texture.
Indeed the Idaho trout farms in the US are well established and I tasted a lovely white fleshed fish in
Seattle since in the American market dietary pigments are not commonly used for trout production.
On the other hand there is much potential for the UK aquaculture industry as a whole to expand
(unless of course our Scottish cousins elect to separate in September) England and Wales may
benefit from developments in land-based systems with investments in recirculation systems for
novel candidate species and also a growing interest in small sector aquaponics.
Expansion towards 2020
I hope you enjoy reading this issue and keep to date with current news and features that assist
your businesses and interests. Aquaculture is certainly going to expand towards 2020 with a clear
need to address growing production in terms of sustainability and to meet the quality of products
through better feed and health management.
International aquafeed will always endeavour to lead the way in bringing you the latest information and news coverage with professional technical input and expertise from around the world.
Aqua News
Monitors at a glance
esigned specifically for

aquaculture systems,
the YSI 5200A (DO,
pH, Conductivity, Salinity, ORP,
Temperature), 5500D (optical
To Omega-3 or not
to Omega-3
feed timer software is included

with every monitor. This is a
very powerful feeding interface
with most powered feeders.
You can manage feed deliveries
Ioannis Zabetakis, assistant

professor of food chemistry,
university of Athens, Greece
T
DO) and the 5400 (galvanic
DO) bring integrate process
control, feeding, alarm and data
management into one product
- or into an entire network.
These products make your job
easier and can greatly improve
the efficiency at your facility, says
the company YSI from
Monitoring and controlling
with the 5200A, 5500D, and
5400 is managed locally by the
instrument, not at a central PC
or device, providing security
that an entire system won't
fail.
Easy can be used with a low,
total overall cost of ownership. User-scalable as a facility
needs change, unlike typical
PLCs or DCPs and does not
require engineers or programmers to change or add to the
system.
With the ability to measure
multiple probes, and vir tually any parameter and multiple
locations, you can design a total
solution.
The Feed Smar t conditional
based on user-selectable inputs

for the number of daily feedings,
daily feed weights, total biomass
and feed conver sion ratios
(FCRs) along with parameter
control based on water quality
values which reduces, or stops,
feeding as water quality deteriorates.
With AquaManager, you
will have access to quality
data (water quality parameters, event logs, etc.) to better
manage your operation and
improve efficiency. SMS and
email alarms quickly notify
if parameters are exceeding
user-defined limits. Data can
be easily accessed remotely
using AquaManager and/or our
AquaViewer app.
More
information:
YSI Incorporated
1700/1725 Brannum Lane
Yellow Springs, Ohio 45387-1107
USA
Tel: +1 937-767-7241
Fax: +1 937-767-9353 Fax
Email: environmental@ysi.com
Website: www.ysi.com/
IAF is sponsoring the World Aquaculture

Adelaide 2014 Photo Competition. A panel of
experts will determine a winner and runner-ups
with prizes going to all three.
Entries should be submitted by 1st May 2014 to:
photocomp@perendale.co.uk
More details can be found on the IAF website at:
www.aquafeed.co.uk
IAF will announce the winners and a selection of
other entries.
oday, there is consider able controver sy

regarding the association
of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty
acids (PUFAs) and cardiovascular
diseases (CVDs).
According to some studies, the
consumption of oily fish leads
to increased levels of Omega-3
PUFAs and thereafter a favourable
cardiovascular prognosis; this statement was supported with epidemiological data evaluated by metaanalyses and it has been linked to
higher levels of eicosapentaenoic
acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic
acid (DHA).
Clinically, men who consume
oily fish at least once a week had
a 50 percent lower incidence of
coronary heart disease (CHD) and
sudden cardiac death (SCD).
Mechanistically, though, it is
not clear how Omega-3 PUFAs
work.
Their postulated mechanism in
preventing atherosclerosis could be
through lowering the levels of triacylglycerol, preventing arrhythmias,
decreasing platelet aggregation, or
lowering blood pressure.
On the other hand, the association of Omega-3 PUFAs and
CVDs has been revised recently by
evaluating all randomised trials on
the supplementation of omega-3
PUFAs to adults. In a recent
review (JAMA, 2012, vol. 308,
p.1024), the results of 20 studies
on 68,680 patients were evaluated
and Omega-3 PUFAs were not
found to be statistically significantly
associated with CVDs in various
patient populations.
Then again, there is considerable
doubt today if lowering blood cholesterol is a true prerequisite in
order to protect ourselves from
CVDs.
In fact, cholesterol can be correlated with CVDs but without being
a causal factor for it. Therefore,
people with high levels of High
Density Lipoproteins (HDL) face
March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 3
no higher risk for CVDs as the ratio

(and not only the absolute levels!)
of LDL to HDL is also important
in disease prognosis.
Not addressing the

nutritional value
With all the above in mind, it is

rather surprising to see that most
of the studies in aquaculture are
not addressing the nutritional
value of the final produce from the
consumer point of view.
People eat fish because they have
been told that fish is good for
you and this is valid and true.
On top of that, aquaculture fish
is even better since all raw ingredients and fish are constantly scrutinised under strict quality assurance
procedures following all relevant
requirements (for example, those
of ISO22000, ISO9001, IFS, BRC,
etc).
The final product is thus fully
checked in terms of safety and
quality but also in terms of sensory
properties.
However, is it properly evaluated for its nutritional value against
CVDs?
If not, future research into the
identification of fish lipids with
specific cardioprotective activities could bring added value to
aquaculture and be a viable marketing tool in promoting (functional) aquafeeds and fish. The
commercial future can be bright
if the functional properties of fish
are emphasised on the label, after
having carried out relevant bioassays.
In doing so, it is rather vital to
assess the full lipidomic spectrum
for cardioprotective activities and
not only the levels of Omega-3
PUFAs. Fish does contain polar
lipids with strong anti-atherogenic
proper ties and these molecules
can be further exploited, both academically and commercially.
izabet@chem.uoa.gr
www.zabetakis.net
Aqua News
Sharing monitoring
data via the
GMP+ Monitoring
Database
Johan den Hartog, managing

director of GMP+ International,
Rijswijk, The Netherlands
he GMP+ Feed Safety Assurance module, started in 1992

as a Good Manufacturing Practice code. Nowadays, it is a
well-elaborated certification scheme for the whole feed
chain, with a number of tools integrated in this scheme.
One of these tools is the GMP+ Monitoring Database which is
created to support GMP+ participants with managing their monitoring program.
The GMP+ Monitoring Database was launched on January 29,
2014 as part of the new GMP+ portal.
In this new database (groups of) companies can configure their
own area for managing their analysis results of undesirable substances in feed materials but also (aqua)feed . All steps of the monitoring program can be followed in the GMP+ Monitoring database:
from the sample planning up until the sharing of analysis results and
the creation of reports of the results.
The GMP+ Monitoring database is an extra service offered by
GMP+ International to all GMP+ cer tified companies, free of
charge. The database is made for and made by the GMP+ certified companies.
Sharing analysis results
Together with locations within a company or for instance members

of a collective monitoring program, you can form a group allowing
you to easily share your planning and analysis results. But you can
also share individual analysis results with a customer.
Personalisation
The GMP+ Monitoring database provides plenty of personalization options. For instance, you can record your own product
name in the system. In addition, you can add additional information to a sample, such as the sample takers name, the place where
the sample was taken, etc. You can easily create the input fields for
this.
Sending in analysis results
As soon as the laboratory has completed the analysis, they

will provide the results. You can add these results to the GMP+
Monitoring database directly in the user-friendly web form. But you
can also ask your laboratory to send in the results on your behalf.
They can create an electronic message (Excel or XML file) containing all relevant data and import it in the GMP+ Monitoring
database.
Basic version vs. plus version
The basic version of the GMP+ Monitoring database is a tool

that is provided to all GMP+ certified companies without additional costs. But company specific add-ons in the GMP+ Monitoring
database can also be created via a plus version. Please contact us
for more information.
Want to know more about the GMP+ Monitoring

database?
The GMP+ Monitoring database can be found in our portal. You

can contact us via our contact form (put the following in the subject
line: GMP+ Monitoring database). If you would rather contact us by
phone, please call +31 703 074120.
Summary of outcomes from FAOs COFI

meeting on the fish trade
he 14th session of the FAO

Sub-Committee on Fish
Trade of the Committee of
Fisheries (COFI) came to an end
on February 28, 2014 following
a full week meeting in Bergen,
Norway.
Here are the brief take-home
messages for IAF readers from this
absorbing FAO meeting hosted by
the Norwegian Government:
The meetings are essential
in ensuring that we bring the
worlds fishing industry on a path
of continuous improvement
and this cannot be achieved if
we do not communicate.There
could be efficiencies made but
it might mean cutting across
cultures and that might create
issues, so whilst the costs may
be high it is important that the
process continues. It is the cost
of democracy someone said.
Turning up is important
Learn more about FAO strategies and framework and, in
particular, the Blue Growth
Strategy (http://mediavisionz.
com.au/global-seafood-tv/)
Everyone supported the key
role played by fisheries and
aquaculture in world food
security, as a source of nutritious food and as a contributor
to economic growth and development being a foundation of
employment, livelihood and
income. Additionally, the importance of FAO role in capacity
building for developing countries
and FAO was urged to continue
to provide technical support to
facilitate market access, value
addition, post-harvest and food
safety issues
Some members noted the
growing role of certification
and eco-label schemes and the
potential additional burden and
cost these could place on producers. The other side of the
coin was that these schemes
do provide the opportunity
of communicating the existence of sustainable managed
resources and many suggested that developing countries should be supported in
overcoming problems related
to these issues
4 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014
Everyone supported better

integration of FAO work and
the growing collaboration of
FAO with other international
organisations. Some members
expressed concern regarding
the budgetary situation and the
availability of adequate budget
to effectively accomplish fisheries related activities
During the meeting it was
noted the added pressure
coming on the FISH INFO
network and encouraged FAO
to continue its support and
coordination of this network
recognising the important contribution the organisations
make in a regional capacity
The work on post-harvest
losses was considered to be a
major challenge for countries
not having the infrastructure
with processing and storage
facilities. The Sub-Committee
highlighted the potential of
making more fish available for
human consumption, improved
use of by-products and retention of by-catch
The Committee supported
the growing attention to
gender issues in FAO projects
and especially the inclusion of
gender as a cost-cutting strategic objective in the new
framework
There was good solid
suppor t for the improvement of Harmonized System
of Classification (HS) for fish
products with World Customs
Organisation. Suggestion on
the improvement, including the
utilisation of Taxonomic Serial
Numbers to compliment the
HS in creating a better breakdown for species which need
to be monitored more precisely, such as sharks and rays
and the distinction of farmed
and wild origin in trade data
On Fish Trade and Human
Nutrition, a relatively new
agenda item for this SubCommittee, there was much
agreement about the need to
increase fish consumption
It was acknowledged that the
positive statements from the
OECD-FAO Outlook 2013-
Aqua News
2022 relating to increased
harvests of wild capture fisheries be attributed to resilience
in rebuilding plans in a number
of countries
The Sub-Committee emphasised the importance of a transparent, robust and harmonized
trading system, with measures
applied in a transparent, consistent and non-discriminatory
manner in accordance with
applicable WTO rules. Some
members expressed concern
about the growing inequality
in fish trade, in particular along
the value-chain with the low
share of retail prices obtained
by fish producers, in particular small-scale fishermen and
fish farmers. To that end the
Sub-Committee suppor ted
FAOs work on the value-chain
analysis of international fish
trade conducted 2009-2012.
Further analysis of the relationship between stakeholders
in the value-chain, including
how prices and margins vary
according to the relative
position in the chain, would be
beneficial
The issue of unilateral trade
measures and fisheries subsidies
was raised by some members.
Many members stressed that
any unilateral measures should
be applied consistently with the
relevant WTO agreements. It
was underlined that enhanced
dialogue and consultation
among countries would benefit
international trade
In the area of effects of ecolabelling schemes on fisheries the Sub-Committee
expressed concerns about
a range of issues relating to
schemes, including their potential to create trade restrictions
and generate increased costs.
They noted the importance of
FAOs cooperation with WTO
and other intergovernmental
organisations in providing technical advice on eco-labelling
schemes and their impact on
international seafood trade.
Amongst other issues the
Sub-Committee agreed that
more research is needed on
the impact of eco-labels on
the sustainability of fisheries
and economic returns to producers.
The Sub-committee discussed

the UN General Assembly
Fisheries Resolutions call for
FAO work on catch documentation schemes and noted the
usefulness of such schemes in
the fight against illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU)
fishing. An offer of finance to
arrange expert consultation on
catch documentation schemes
in line with terms of reference
to be agreed by COFI for such
work was noted. The following
principles to apply to catch
documentation schemes being
inconformity with the provisions of relevant international
law; not create unnecessary
barriers to trade; equivalence;
risk-based; reliable, simple, clear
and transparent; and electronic
if possible. Additionally, it was
re-iterated that cost-benefit
considerations should also be
undertaken before the introduction of any new catch documentation scheme
The small-scale sector and its
contribution to sustainable livelihoods was a subject that
received much discussion and
will be the subject of additional
separate communiques. The
new Strategic Objectives for
FAO, acknowledged by the SubCommittee as priority areas for
support of FAO, bring this area
firmly into the mix of important
activities and actions.
There was discussion and
suppor t from the Subcommittee for FAO cooperation with CITES (the
Convention on International
Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora) whose
General Secretary underscored
the good collaboration at the
meeting. Sharks, skates and rays
are the current areas where the
Sub-Committee strongly supported elaboration of specific
codes in the 2017 edition of the
Harmonized Systems classification by the WCO and this work
was stressed as being of importance for the improvement in
shark trade data.
Finally, it was decided that
the next FAO COFI Subcommittee meeting on Fish
Trade will take place in the
Kingdom of Morocco at a date
yet to be decided.
Plenty to do after wars

move on
Roy Palmer, director, Aquaculture

without Frontiers
ollowing on from the

excellent Aquaculture
without Frontiers (AwF)
Session at Asian Pacific
Aquaculture in Ho Chi Minh
City, Vietnam, in 2013 we
had another terrific group of
speakers at Seattle in February
at American Aquaculture 2014.
I was able to co-chair with
Antonio Garza dYta and
the session and opened with
Gleyn Bledsoe presenting,
Aquaculture as a Successful
and Sustainable Instrument for
Affecting Economic Recover y
and Development in a Post War
Environment.
This was a harrowing stor y
highlighting how women, children
and the poor/needy are always
the most disadvantaged in these
circumstances.
Additionally, the stories of
survival from horrific injuries to
re-build a new beginning were
quite stirring. Gleyn ended with
some bright hopes for the future
in Sri Lanka and indicated that
entrepreneurial individuals would
likely succeed in the long run. We
are going to discuss with Gleyn
how AwF can assist him in his
attempts to turns these issues
around.
A similar story unfolded from
Joseph R Sullivan in his presentation regarding Liberia, entitled,
Bootstrapping Aquaculture
from Production to Marketing in
Developing Nations.
Joseph spoke of some of the
basic elements from hand-sexing
for all male-tilapia to pituitary
spawning of catfish; focusing on
novel feed components that are
nutritious but not in demand
for human food; increasing the
quality of the fish sold as that
creates higher prices; and how
co-ops can be good (helping to
get the equipment/supplies individual farmers cant get) and
bad (creating division of labor/
sectors).
Looking to expand her horizons

in aquaculture, Angela Caporelli,
(engaged in the current ballot
to be the next WAS Secretary),
gave the audience a terrific
overview of her visit to Kenya as
a volunteer for AwF through the
USAID program.
Angela went to Kenya with
Mar ty Riche and they worked
in the Rift Valley and Coastal
Provinces. One of the aspects,
highlighted in Angelas summation that AwF will be following
through on will be the need for
an in-depth training program
including all aspects of aquaculture and a well-trained extension person to start aquaculture
development in the area.
The session had two presentations about AwFs fir st
Aquaculture Learning Centre
(ALC) in Mexico. Scott Lindell
gave a talk on the work that he
and Rick Karney did when visiting
Mexico on the USAID program
administered for AwF through
Kevin Fitzsimmons/University of
Arizona.
A bright future was suggested
for the oyster program being
developed through the ALC,
so onward and upward in that
direction. It is seen as a priority
strategy as AwF is keen to
develop small business activities
enabling there to be some sustainable outcomes.
Antonio spoke in general
terms regarding the future of
the Mexican ALC and suggested that terrific prospects
existed with Government organisations such as CONAPESCA
and INAPESCA, and through alliances with WAS-LACC, GILLS
and RAA (Red de Acuicultura de
las Americas).
We have lots to do so must
move on. Thank you very much
for reading this and if you feel
the need to assist we have yet
to turn anyone down, so do not
hesitate to contact me.
AQUACULTURE
view
by Dominique P Bureau, member

of the IAF Editorial Panel
Feeding a Growing
Human Population
in an Efficient, Safe
and EnvironmentallyFriendly Manner
As the world population continues to increase, food security
on a global scale is becoming a
key priority. Feeding nine billion
people by 2050 represents a
formidable challenge. Along with
population growth, economic
growth and the rise of the middle class in several countries are
leading to significant increase in
the demand for food products of
animal origins. Global consumption of animal food products
is projected to rise 73 percent
by 2050, while dairy demand is
expected to grow by 58 percent
from current levels (FAO, 2011).
The FAO estimates that the
world needs to boost output of
cereals by 1 billion tonnes and
produce 200 million extra tonnes
of livestock products a year by
2050 to feed a growing population who is consuming increasing
amount of animal food products.
In this context, livestock production, including aquaculture, should
use natural resources more
efficiently to meet ever-growing
demand. Animal diets should
increasingly be based on the
valorization of food resources
deemed unsuitable (or less desirable) for human consumption.
However, we must also ensure
that animal food products are
safe, nutritious and health promoting, while produced in a manner that is ethical and financially
and environmentally viable.
Agricultural commodities (grains
and oilseeds) are increasingly
processed to extract nutrients
and resources for human use
(e.g. starch, proteins, bio-fuels).
There is considerable potential
to add value to the diverse coproducts generated by agriculture,
food and bio-fuel industries, by
generating novel feeds that fit
the needs of the animal industry.
Moreover, it is estimated that
about 97% of all agricultural and
food waste is plowed back in the
field, land-filled or incinerated.
While efforts to compost or find
industrial uses for wastes are
underway, it is widely agreed that
the valorization of co-products
and agricultural, industrial and
food wastes through their use
as feeds for farm and companion animals represents a more
sustainable option since valuable
(and increasingly expensive) nutrients can be more meaningfully
recovered and used.
Valorization of wastes and coproducts generated by agriculture,
food and bio-fuel industries as
animal feed resources represents
nonetheless important challenges,
including (1) variability in the
availability, chemical composition
and nutritional composition of
these potential feed resources,
(2) food safety and public health
(e.g. contamination with pathogens and deleterious substances),
(3) regulations governing use of
co-products and (4) logistics and
economics (cost/benefit).
A number of innovative technologies are available to address some
of these challenges. Research
and the development and adoption of new technologies has over
the past several decades greatly
enhanced livestock production
by improving efficiency of dietary
resource use, the health and welfare of animals and reducing the
output of waste per unit of food
product produced. Stakeholders
of the industry must continue to
work together to address the
major challenges of efficiently and
ethically meeting the needs of
growing and increasingly affluent
human population.
Agree or disagree? Any comments? Please don't hesitate to
send me feedback or suggestions
at dbureau@uoguelph.ca I am
always very happy to interact
with IAF readers!
Aqua News
Practices negative for horseshoe crabs
he blood of horseshoe crabs

is often harvested from live
crabs for use in pharmaceuticals; the major product from
their blood being limulus amebocyte lysate. A product, which is used
throughout the medical and pharmaceutical industry. According to
University of New Hampshire and
Plymouth State University these
living crabs are being too heavily
bled - har vesting approximately
thirty percent of their total blood;
leading to a mortality rate of twenty
to thirty percent. After conducting
experiments it was concluded that
the horseshoe crabs would become

heavily disoriented which drastically
changed their behavior. After further
analysis it was determined that this
would have a further adverse effect
if done during their breeding season.
It still isnt clear what practices are
most negative for the horseshoe
crabs in question, whether it is the
transportation process or bleeding
process. Regardless, many within the
biomedical industry believe that the
practice must become more sustainable and if we fail to do so it
might be detrimental to coastal ecosystems.
Offshore developments in Shri Lanka
ith the assistance of

Oceanpick Sri Lanka
has established its first
offshore aquaculture production
area. Holding the hope of producing
Barramundi fish off the China Bay,
Trincomalee - using the countries
first sea cage to do so. Investing an
initial $1.5 million on equipment with

the expectancy of the total overhead
reaching $4 million in expenditures.
The Barramundi fish are initially held
in a tank environment until they
become more developed - later
being released into the enclosed
cage zone for future harvest
Extreme weather
causes salmon escape
Antibiotics in
aquaculture
xtremely poor weather

has resulted in the escape
of approximately 155,000
salmon from a Shetland fish farm.
Meridian Salmon Group has confirmed that damage caused to its
fish cages at the Ness of Copister,
on the island of Yell, from strong
winds and heavy seas led to the
escape, which represents almost
half of its total farmed fish of some
364,000 salmon. The remaining
salmon have been relocated.
here is a looming fear of

how antibiotics in aquaculture are used. Creating
more adaptive strains as they are
used on each level of the production chain - so they are only available for use for a selective time
before becoming obsolete.
As such Aidan Hollis from the
University of Calgar y proposes
that a user fee be added to those
aquaculture produces whom use
anti-biotics. However this ar ticle
challenges that notion; emphasizing on the simple fact that aquaculture only produces 150,000kg
of anti-biotics per year, the
same equivalent as the amount
produced for pets - alternatively
livestock produces 13,540,000kg
of anti-biotics per year. With aquaculturalists using approximately 50
grams of anti-biotics per tonne
of feed and 5 grams per tonne
of fish produced. When looking
at the numbers it can be simply
stated the aquaculture has a nonimpact on the proliferation of
anti-biotics.
Danish Aquaculture
enmark has made great

strides on improving its
policies in order to facilitate future aquaculture growth and
development. Focusing on its development of a new strategy to put
greener technologies at the fore front
of fish farm production. Implementing
state-of-the-art recirculation which
vastly improves efficiency and sustainability of Danish fish farms - exponentially outweighing the possible costs of
implementing the technology.
i i i i i i
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Iceland Ocean Cluster - Fish

processing
Pia Winberg, Australia Seaweed Production
Ilaria Nardello, Ireland European Projects
Allma & A4F, Por tugal Microalgae
Tiago Henriques, Portugal Biomaterials
HSH Prince Alber t II of
Monaco - Awarded
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arine-based bio-industries received an injection of suppor t today

with the launch of BioMarine
TV.
This is a new 'news' service,
offered through Bio-Marine
Organisation Ltd in partnership
with Paris-based MLG Events,
that has been launched today
and is available on the internet
through YouTube.
i i i i i i
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Biomarine TV has arrived
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Aqua News
The Aquaculturists
A regular look inside the aquaculture industry
GAA collaborates with Chinese food operator
The Global Aquaculture Alliance (GAA) has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Wuhan Lanesync Supply Chain Management Co. Ltd., in
order to cross-promote both organisations activities and the advancement of
responsible aquaculture.
Based in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, Wuhan Lanesync handles purchasing, distribution, logistics, marketing, processing and other activities for more
than 35,000 restaurants and hotels throughout China.
http://bit.ly/1j4UCqr
Adisseo publishes METHIOPEDIA, the technical reference book for
methionine
On the occasion of its RhodimetAT 88 production plant start-up in Nanjing,
China, Adisseo is publishing Methiopedia - The Methionine Reference Book,
intended for nutritionists, purchasers, formulators and technical managers
within the premix and feed industries, as well as students, who want to
enhance their knowledge of methionine and its use.
bit.ly/1hFcHbY
The sub-five minute inaugural

video is presented by newsreader
Ginie Van de Noort and reports
on recent news items related to
the biomarine industry in a quickfire format.
News items covered in this
first edition of Biomarine TV
includes:
A featured interview:
P i e r r e E r we s , C h a i r m a n
BioMarine / Marine Bioresources
Ecosystem (Pierre offers anyone
with news to contact him "if you
wish to add some visibility, be
interviewed, or co-develop a web
series" on: pierre.erwes@biomarine.org)
Seaweed Could be Next New Biofuel

New research from the University of Greenwich reveals that seaweed can
be effectively used as a liquid bio-fuel; providing another renewable energy
source. Unlike other bio-fuels; seaweed provides an alternative option that
does not cut into food production - "First generation fuels such as bio-ethanol from sugarcane and corn, or biodiesel from rape seed and palm oil, are
in direct competition with food for arable land and water. As such that have
an adverse effect on food prices and supply."
bit.ly/1hMaU59
NUMBER CRUNCHING
34% of the total Canadian marine value is

provided by aquaculture
14,500 - people within Canada were
employed full time by the aquaculture
industry in 2010.
20 - years is the time it took for Canada to

increase its aquaculture industry four fold.
51% - is the percentage of Canadian aquaculture is produced in British Columbia.
50/50 - is the ratio of aquaculture production by the Pacific and Atlantic Coast along
Canadas border.
Source: Canadian Government Department of

Fisheries and Oceans Canada; 2013
$690.9 million - was the value produced

in Canada by Atlantic salmon, becoming
Canadas top aquaculture export.
$36.2 million - is the value of blue mussel
shellfish exports from Canada, becoming its
top shellfish export.

Plymouth Marine Laboratory, UK, well known for its environmental research,
has expanded its interests into commercial algal biomass production; but its
not the algae they are selling but the means to grow them.
After 30 years of growing microalgae for research purposes, PML is now utilising this knowledge and expertise to provide solutions to the wider community. The first product out of the laboratory and onto the
production line is a bubble column-style photobioreactor for growing microalgae.
bit.ly/1lyJm72
New Funding for WA YTK

Through the Regional Grants Scheme, Royalties for Regions a grant of $1.3m
is being made to the overall trial project cost of $2.145m for a trial grow-out
of up to 30,000 Yellowtail Kingfish fingerlings at Champion Bay, Geraldton,
Western Australia. The initial trial in 2008-09 received $605,595 from the
same source which sees additional collaboration between the Marine Fishfarmers Association (MFA) and Indian Ocean Fresh Australia (IOFA).
bit.ly/1iVdqX4
www.theaquaculturists.blogspot.com
Aqua News
Aquaculture act to provide 20,000 possible jobs
that it would be possible for the

industry to further employ 8000
more people by 2020, increasing
to 20,000 in 2035. The major
determination for this future
growth relies on the ability to
secure legislation that works
with ocean farmers and cements
guidelines which allows investors
as well as farmers to develop
long term goals.
By implementing the proper
legislation, we set the stage for

future growth and acknowledge
the aquaculture industries legitimacy. Developing the framework that will define what aquaculture actually is under federal
law. Hopefully in the future this
will give aquaculture farmers the
oppor tunity to maintain public
interest, while having the freedom
to expand and grow the sector
for years to come.
synthesize DNA, repair DNA,

and methylate DNA and it is
especially impor tant in aiding
rapid cell division and growth,
such as in infancy and pregnancy. Children and adults both
require folate to produce healthy
red blood cells and prevent
anemia.
Folate occurs naturally in many
ithin the last 20

year s, the aquaculture industr y
has grown exponentially within
Canada - increasing fourfold in
industrial and economic capacity.
Aquaculture in 2010 represented
34% of Canada's total marine
value. Salmon farming in British
Columbia contributes $800
million per year to the provincial economy, with the massive
foods, and you will always hear

about its connections with dark
green leafy vegetables but rarely
will it be explained that one of
the best foods for natural folate
are Oysters (other molluscs also
rate highly). The medical profession and the industry are far too
defensive to promote but maybe
now is the time!
As this report highlights the UK

Government is being urged to
press ahead with mandatory fortification of bread and flour with
folic acid in a bid to reduce neural
tube defects in foetuses. Perhaps
a mollusc promotion would not
only be good for the industry but
also be great for the health of the
nation.
Our knowledge of the many

life-forms on Ear th - of animals,
plants, fungi, protists and
bacteria - is scattered around
the world in books, journals,
databases, websites, specimen
collections, and in the minds of
people everywhere. The group
of people and organisations
behind EoL are continuing to

gather this information together
and make available to everyone
anywhere at a moments
notice.
Just recently they have launched
TraitBank, which is a searchable, comprehensive, open digital
repositor y for organism traits,
measurements, interactions and

other facts for all taxa across
the tree of life. TraitBank currently features over three million
records related to more than
250 attributes for 272,720 taxa
obtained from 32 data sources.
Read the encyclopedia here:
http://eol.org
potential for further growth and

expansion. It is estimated that
the salmon industry might raise
in value to $1.4 billion in 2020;
further increasing to $3.5 billion
in 2035.
It will be necessary to implement proper aquaculture acts
and legislation in order to facilitate this growth within the
industr y. BCSF's Executive
Director Jeremy Dunn states
The time for oyster promotion
olate/Folic acid is essential for numerous bodily

functions a slight deficiency can lead to lots of health
problems.
Humans cannot do not create
their own folate/folic acid; so,
folate has to be supplied through
the diet to meet daily requirements. Humans need folate to
Encyclopedia of life
es this exists increasing

the awareness and understanding of living nature
through an Encyclopedia of Life
(EoL) that gathers, generates, and
shares knowledge in an open,
freely accessible and trusted
digital resource is a massive
resource.
AQUACULTURE
UPDATES
A q u a c u l t u re f a r m s t o u s e
geothermal resources Aquaculture
farms in Mindoro will be growing
large volumes of Tilapia, Sea
Bass and Shrimp through the
utilization of geothermal plants.
This will provide a controlled water
temperature that is also nutrientrich, which can be utilized in order
to grow high quality fish. (EPI)
Emerging Power Inc is hoping to
implement this development and
work in conjunction with Mindoro
fisherman in a joint venture.
Launching the joint venture with
a 40-megawatt plant costing $180
million; the geothermal water will
allow a temperature of 36 to 38
degrees to be maintained within the
fish tanks - shortening the breeding
cycle of the fish drastically.

The Environment Protection
Authority (EPA) in Western Australia
has provided the green light for
the development of aquaculture
in the North West of Derby. It is
estimated that the allocated 2,000
hectare zone will produce 20,000
tonnes of fin fish per year. "It provides
an investment-ready platform that
companies who want to come in,
or existing companies who want to
expand, can actually use." says Steve
Nel; aquaculture manager for the
Department of Fisheries.
By 2030, China is projected to
account for 38 percent of the
wor lds total consumption of
fish. As the worlds middle class
exponentially grows; so will the
demand for fish - After 2030, 70%
of the worlds total fish produce
will be consumed by Asia. With
this demand for fish looming, China

and other nations are exponentially
increasing their investment within
the aquaculture industry.
Hundreds if not thousands of
school children are learning about
fish through a unique initiative in the
USA called 'Trout in the Classroom'.
The project began when Monica
Willits of Byron a small town in
Minnesota, USA visited Stewartville
Middle School in February last year.
She asked a class decorated with
fish, "Do you like fish?"
It was to have wide-ranging impact.
As it happens, Willits is youth
education coordinator for Hiawatha
Trout Unlimited (TU) and was looking
for classrooms for TU's 'Trout in the
Classroom' projects in this region.
Directorate of Fisheries
announced that Cermaq was
awarded five of the fifteen new

green licenses in group B. There
were in total 72 bids in this category
and the fifteen highest bids had a
value between NOK 55 mill and
NOK 66 mill. Cermaq's bid prices
were NOK 63 mill for three licenses
and NOK 55 mill for two licenses.
We are ver y pleased with the
outcome of this first round of
allocation of green licenses, and
are convinced that we will develop
these licenses in a positive way
for Cermaq and its shareholders,
says CEO Jon Hindar. Cermaq will
provide information as to where
the new licenses will be located,
total investment and the timing of
the expected increase in production
when the outcome of the remaining
allocation of licenses in groups A
and C have been announced and
Cermaq has concluded it final
investment plan.
Aqua News
Methiopedia - a technical reference book for methionine

Published by Adisseo
n the occasion of its

RhodimetAT 88 production plant start-up
in Nanjing, China, Adisseo is
Methiopedia gives precise data on

hydrolysis, absorption, and intestinal transport of these different
sources.
ities (CERN - Center of Expertise

and Research in Nutrition Commentry, France).
These trials and their meta
Pierre Casamatta, Adisseo, global

business director, methionine & sulphur
products
publishing Methiopedia - The

Methionine Reference Book,
intended for nutritionists, purchasers, formulators and technical managers within the premix
and feed industries, as well as
students, who want to enhance
their knowledge of methionine
and its use.
Being one of the first companies to have synthesised powder
methionine in the 1940s, we considered that it could be of great
interest to collect all the scientific information that Adisseo has
gathered in research studies, trials
and customer experience, says
Pierre Casamatta, Adisseo global
business director of methionine
and sulphur products.
Adisseo experts have compiled
information on methionine from
around the world, including the
latest developments, from fundamental research to in-vivo
trials performed both in independent experimental facilities
and on commercial farms, he
explains.
The book offers a complete
description of the three forms
of methionine L-methionine
(L-Met), DL-methionine (DL-Met)
and DL-methionine hydroxy (DLHMTBA) with their characteristics and properties.
General chemical processes,
metabolism and utilisation of each
form are detailed in the book and
Methiopedia includes research

highlights on digestion and metabolism. Statistical models for doseresponse are discussed, says Professor
R.A. Swick from the University of
New England in Australia.
Methionine exhibits additional functions in animals
beyond protein synthesis.
These functions have
been studied by a number
of research teams, including
Rachel Mar tin-Venegas,
Univer sity of Barcelona,
Spain and J. Buyse, Catholic
University of Leuven, Belgium
and are also explained in
Methiopedia: cellular-signaling
function, protein expression, acidification, antioxidant
potential.
Besides physiological data,
Methiopedia also provides a
review of important animal
performances (feed conversion, body weight gain,
etc) with practical diets
including DL-Methionine or
DL-HMTBA, especially for
broilers.
These recent data have been
compiled from trials on animals
conducted at different institutes across the world, such
as BARC, (Bangkok Research
Center), Thailand; The China
Agricultural University, Beijing,
China; IRTA, Spain; INRA,
France as well as Adisseos facil-
analysis show new evidence of

the biological equivalency of both
forms, says Pierre Dalibard, global
technical manager at Adisseo.
Fur thermore, the technical
aspects of incorporating DL-Met
or DL-HMTBA in feeds are

developed by Adisseo experts in
Methiopedia.
They detail the different parameters involved in dosing and mixing
accuracy, up to recovery tests, to
ensure that the required level of
methionine is reached in feed for
both powder and liquid forms.
Many technical results of recent
trials carried out by Adisseo are
provided in the books appendix,
which also contains a selection
of relevant abstracts or articles
on methionine presented at
the latest Adisseo Advancia
Seminars.
Every year since 2007 these
meetings gather worldwide scientists and nutritionists to share
research progress on sulphur amino
acids.The most recent one was held
on August 25, 2013 in Potsdam,
Germany and drew 90 participants
from around the world.
More
information:
Methiopedia is available priced 39

Euros
To order - https://sites.google.com/a/
adisseo.org/brands/rhodimet-methionine
VIV India 2014

April 23 - 25, 2014 | Bangalore, India
MORE
INFORMATION
visit our website
www.viv.net
Special theme
Join us at VIV India 2014 for the CropTechFeedTech Conferences. Digital engineering
in feed industry & Nutrition including
presentations, debates and international
keynote presentations.
FEATURE
The role of prebiotics in

pangasius production
by Dr Serge Corneillie, general manager, Alltech Japan - Email: scorneillie@alltech.com
n India, the steady growth in freshwater

aquaculture is led by the recent production of the Pangasius catfish. In fact,
Andhra Pradesh, the fifth largest state in
the country, is now know as the Fish Bowl
of India for its rich production of pangasius.
Catfish production is the fastest growing fish farming in the countrys aquaculture
sector; however it appears as the higher the
production increases, the higher the risk for
disease outbreak among the species.
Under intensive production methods and
poor culture management, fish are exposed
to stressful conditions leading to growth
reduction and higher susceptibility to various
diseases. Red disease often occurs during the
change from the dry to rainy season and during the flood season.
Signs of Red disease include the fraying and
reddening of fins, and irregular, variably sized
areas of de-pigmentation and red pigmentation that can develop anywhere on the body
surface, leading to open sores and ulcers.
Infections can occur in any age, but losses tend
to be most severe in fry and small fingerlings.
Pseudomonas fluorescens, thought to be the
causative agent of the Red disease, or Bacterial
Hemorrhagic Septiciemia disease of pondcultured fish, is considered a primary pathogen
of freshwater and opportunistic pathogen for
different fish species grown in marine and
brackish waters worldwide. Clinical symptoms
of the bacteria include darkening of the skin
and hemorrhage in skins and the fins.
According to a study conducted by the
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh
Agricultural University (Faruk, Md. A.R. 2008),
the most prevalent symptoms of the Red
disease in pangasius hypophthalmus, are red
spot, followed by anal protusion, tail and fin
rot, pop eye, dropsy and gill rot.
The 100 fish farmers interviewed also
reported other conditions like cotton wool
type lesion, ulceration and white spot, but at
lower rates. Economic losses were estimated
to be 3.6 percent of the farmers total yearly
income in fish production due to ill-health.
The successful control of disease in aqua-
Table A: The length growth of catfish fry

Treatment
T1
T2
T3
T4
Initial lengtj (cm)
0.60.02a
0.60.02a
0.60.02a
0.60.02a
Final length (cm)
4.240.91a
4.390.99ab
4.991.22b
5.631.25c
Length gain (cm)
3.830.87a
3.970.90ab
4.741.26b
5.461.43c
DLG (cm/day)
0.130.03a
0.130.03a
0.160.04b
0.180.05c
SGR (%/day)
6.700.76a
6.810.66ab
7.300.87b
7.720.86c
Table 1: Culture parameters in trial ponds.

Area (ha)
Stocking
Density
(No/m2)
Initial
average
body
weight (g)
Days of culture (DOC)
46,600
2.33
135
38
T2
25,000
0.8
3.13
80
38
T3
38,450
1.4
2.8
213
37
C1
69,752
2.2
3.1
256
30
C2
69,993
2.2
3.1
194
30
C3
76,251
2.2
3.5
201
28
Stocking
numbers
T1
Ponds
aActigen at 1kg/tonne (applied along with premix in oating feed)

bAntibiotic treatment. One at start of trial 4/10/2009 + following treatments at disease outbreak.
Note: As this is a eld trial, we were limited in controlling some parameters such as initial weight
and days of culture.
culture requires a multifaceted approach,

whereby better management practices are
combined with the use of specially selected
fish stock and adequate nutrition to improve
overall fish health.
In intensive culture systems, improvement
of natural health and immunity in fish is
dependent on proper nutrition.
From a commercial perspective, mannan
oligosaccharides (MOS) have been used in
aqua diets for almost 20 years. The return
on investment, based on increased performance and improvement in efficiency, has
been demonstrated in countless academic
and commercial trials. The major source of
these functional carbohydrates is the cell
wall fraction of bakers and brewers yeast,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Recently, new data has become available
on a second-generation, purified and more
bioactive fraction derived from a selected
strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This natural

Mannan Rich Fraction of carbohydrate (MRF)
has been shown to block unfavorable organisms from the gut. This carbohydrate supports
nutrient utilisation, maintains digestive function
and enzyme activity, controls inflammation
and reduces the gap between ideal and actual
performance. These mechanisms have been
confirmed using nutrigenomic data. (Note:
The compound is commercially available as
ActigenTM (Alltech Inc) which is a bioactive
fraction derived from yeast cell wall and has
shown favorable results on growth performance and health status of the pangasius
catfish.)
Indirectly, recent studies have illustrated
the potential to reduce cost of antibiotic
inputs in aquaculture through the improvement of gut health and nutrient absorption
and ultimately a healthy immune status of
the fish.
FEATURE
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FEATURE
is yes, through the promotion of
early gut development with nucleic
acids, organic trace minerals as well
as feeding the gut to maintain
intestinal health.
Recent research
Gut health and immunity
The gastrointestinal tract is a prominent

part of the immune system.
Microorganisms are kept at bay by an
extensive immune system comprising gutassociated lymphoid tissue (GALT).
In terrestrial animals including humans, the
microflora of the gastrointestinal tract plays
an important role in affecting nutrition, health
of the host and in the balancing beneficial
and harmful bacteria. A ratio of 80 percent
beneficial to 20 percent harmful bacteria is
considered normal.
The bacteria in the water surrounding the
fish are continuously ingested either with the
feed or when the host is drinking, causing a
natural interaction between the microbiota of
the ambient environment and the gut environment. If the bacterial challenge exceeds
a certain level, the health of the animal is in
danger, as the animal alone cannot defend
itself sufficiently.
The potential for reducing stress and
enhancing immunity and disease resistance by
nutritional feed additives and functional feed
materials has been demonstrated in warmblooded animals.
However, very little work in this area has
been conducted in aquaculture.
Thus, the effects of nutrition and feeding
strategies need to be assessed to develop
economically viable feeds and feeding practices to optimize growth, improve stress
resistance, immune response and disease
resistance and improve the product quality of
aquaculture species.
However, is this really possible? The answer
A recent study in Vietnam

examined how to improve the
survival rate of striped catfish
(Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fingerlings by adding rotifers
and Actigen.
The trial, conducted from
June 10 to September 20, 2012,
focused on three diets containing
0.04% Actigen (2nd treatment),
0.08% Actigen (3rd treatment)
and 0.12% Actigen (4th treatment)
and one diet without containing Actigen (1st treatment) were
evaluated.
Rotifers and Actigen addition had positive
results in improving survival rate as well as in
stimulating growth rate of catfish fingerlings.
The survival rate of the fish in the fourth treatment improved approximately 34 percent
comparing to that in the first treatment.
The more concentration of Actigen was
added, the higher survival rate of fish achieved.
Therefore, the average survival rate of
the catfish fingerlings increased from the first
treatment (8.31%), the second treatment
(9.36%), the third treatment (10.13%) and
the fourth treatment (11.16%) (see figure 4.1).
The growth rate of fish also increased when
increasing Actigen concentration added. The
average length and weight of fish at the 30th day
in 1st treatment was 4.24cm and 0.77g, 4.39cm
and 0.82g for fish in 2nd treatment, 4.99cm and
0.93g for fish in 3rd treatment, 5.63cm and 1.08g
for fish in 4th treatment (see figure 4.6).
In another study in India, researchers
looked at the immune competence of
Pangasius hypophthalmus when subjected to
the prebiotic during grow-out in ponds.
This was conducted in a farm located
in Losari, West Godavari District, Andhra
Pradesh, India. The farm contained 30 ponds
of which 20 suffered from higher than normal
outbreaks of disease (see Table 1).
Table 2: Summary of production parameters and inputs used

ABW (g)
nal
Biomass
Increase
(g)
Feed Used
(tonne)
Actigen
used (kg)
Antibiotic
used (g)
Mortality
(number)
135
470
335
28.01
28.01
T2
80
447
367
16.52
16.52
T3
213
639
426
29.48
29.48
C1
256
846
590
61.73
6.97
350
C2
194
610
416
52.41
6.99
500
C3
201
713
512
62.47
7.62
275
T1
Figure 1. Growth performance of

pangasius catsh over three months
The farm was applying antibiotics
(Enrofloxacin @ 15g/tonne of fish biomass)
to treat disease. As disease outbreaks
became more frequent, the farmer faced
losses from heavy mortalities and increasing
costs of treatments. Researchers selected
three ponds as treatment ponds (T1, T2, T3)
and three control ponds (C1, C2, C3), where
the standard procedure of using antibiotics
was continued.
During the three-month trial, weekly sampling by weighing 100 fish was carried out.
Data recorded included growth rate and
fish mortality (see Table 2 and Figure 1). The
diets used were a standard balanced floating
feed. The treatment diet contained the prebiotic at 1kg/tonne of feed.
Fish in the control ponds were fed the
standard balanced floating feed with antibiotic
treatments added at 5g/tonne of fish biomass
for five days in each application.
The researchers concluded that the addition of the prebiotic helped in reducing the
mortalities and dependence on the antibiotics and also ensured better returns for the
farmer. Based on the above field observations
they concluded that, the use of the prebiotic in the extruded feeds will enhance the
complete utilization of feed, thereby leading
to less excretion (less pollution) and higher
profitability for the farmer.
Conclusion
ABW (g)
Initial
Ponds
Figure 2: Survival rate of catfish fry
Often it has been hypothesized that fish

invest more energy in immunity than in other
physiological functions.
Moreover, seasonality is thought to act as
an important factor in determining the levels
of fish physiology and immunological activity.
However, the inclusion of certain immune
enhancers can help fish to improve their
immune status and spend less energy on
those defense mechanisms leading to lower
inputs for treating fish.
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Aquakultur 90 x 270 AquaFeed magazine.indd 1
10.01.14 10:03
FEATURE
Poultry hydrolysates enhance stress resistance

and stress tolerance in Pacific white shrimp
by Orapint Jintasataporn Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand and Franz-Peter
Rebafka, GePro Gefluegel-Protein Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, Germany
quaculture is intensifying in
almost all regions of the world
in order to supply the increasing
demands for fish and shrimp.
In Thailand the average stocking density has quadrupled from approximately 40

shrimps/m2 to almost 160 animals/m2.
However, this intensification is often com-
bined to sub-optimal conditions for fish and

shrimps. Problems associated with higher
disease susceptibility have to be faced.
Some of these stress conditions may
be compensated by aquaculture production
practice and/or by an increase use of pharmaceuticals and antibiotics which in turn affect
food safety.
A ban of antibiotic growth promoters in
many importing countries has forced the industry to search for environmentally friendly alter-
natives. And a natural solution to combat stress

conditions is the use of hydrolyzed proteins.
Fish protein hydrolysates (FH) are considered as biological active ingredients due to
their beneficial properties to be antioxidative
or antimicrobial (Klompong et al. 2007).
The use of FH in diets has proven to
improve growth and performance in fish
for example, Atlantic salmon (Berge and
Storebakken, 1996),
catfish (Herault et
al. 2012) and tiger
prawns P. monodon
(Anggawati et al.
1990) by enhancing
stress resistance and
immunity. Anggawati
et al. (1990) found that
three percent FH was
enough to enhance
shrimp growth.
The
immune
boosting effect of FH
is reported due to its
content of peptides,
free amino acids and nucleotides. Although
these peptides can be found in FH, they are
not restricted to marine proteins, only.
Poultry protein derivatives, especially
hydrolyzed poultry proteins, are (as FH) rich
in bioactive peptides, which are able to compensate stress conditions.
The benefits of poultry peptides
The article describes the beneficial effects

of poultry peptides in respect of enhancing
stress resistance/tolerance and immunity in

Pacific white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei)
under controlled conditions.
Under controlled laboratory conditions
hydrolyzed poultry peptides (enzymatically
hydrolyzed liver (eL), enzymatically hydrolyzed meat & bone-mush (eMB)) have been
tested to see the effect on growth performance in shrimp. The properties of those
peptides are given in Figure 1, indicating the
small molecular size distribution.
Table 1: Composition of the experimental diets
Raw material
Control
eL
eMB
Fishmeal, tuna
30
Soybean
34
34
Shrimp meal
15
Squid meal
Wheat flour
31.4
29.2
28.85
Hydrolyzed poultry
liver
Hydrolyzed poultry
meat & bone
Soy protein isolate
Tuna fish oil
Soya oil
2.75
3.1
Squid liver oil
Met + Lys
0.45
0.45
Mono-cal
Binder
1.7
1.7
1.7
Vitamin-mineral
premix
0.9
0.9
0.9
FEATURE
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The trial was conducted in June 2012 at

Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, by the
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries,
in a complete randomised design (CRD) with
three treatments and four replicates.
Shrimps were fed with isonitrogenous
diets (see Table 1), including the control (50
percent marine protein) and the test diets
with either five percent hydrolyzed poultry
liver or with five percent hydrolyzed poultry
meat & bone-mush.
Pacific white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) of 3.1+-0.1g were stocked at a density
of 70 animals/m2 in a 240 litre glass container
(aquarium) in brackish water of 12ppt. During
an eight week period, feed was given three
times per day to match 2-2.5 percent body
weight. Two hours after feeding, the unconsumed feed was collected to determine total
feed consumption.
Growth performance was evaluated every
two weeks by collecting data on average daily
gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio
and survival rate.
An acute salinity and chemical stress test
with a high or low level of salinity and toxic
concentration of nitrite (NO2-) and ammonia
(NH3+) was conducted at the end of fourweek feeding period.
Under salinity stress 30 shrimps per treatment were transferred from a tank with 12ppt
water salinity to tanks of 20ppt for one week
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FEATURE
Environmental factors
Environmental factors, particularly salinity, nitrite (NO2-), nitrate (NO3-),

ammonia (NH3+) and diseases (WSSV,
Vibrio) affect the immunity of L. vannamei shrimps. When shrimps are maintained under unsuitable environment
over a longer period, or come under
stress, the immune system is depressed
and shrimps become more susceptible
to disease.
The addition of hydrolysed poultry
protein can promote growth performance, enhance immune responses and
decreased mortality in shrimp stressed
by high and low salinity, poor chemical water quality and diseases such as
White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV)
and Vibrio harveyi.
Due to the high content of low
molecular weight compounds, including nucleotides, free amino acids and
bioactive peptides, hydrolyzed poultry
derivatives are improving aspects of
feed transformation, anti-oxidation and
immunity. As a result, growth rate and
health status is enhanced.
of oxyhemocyanin (live cell hemocyte) were
measured. Mortality were recorded daily during a 10-day test phase.
After feeding shrimp with the experimental
feed for four weeks, 30 shrimp from each
treatment were collected to challenge with
White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and
in a separate trial with Vibrio harveyi by
subcutaneous injection. Mortality rate was
determined daily for a 10-day test phase.
The study was conducted in completely
randomised design (CRD). All data were analysed by one-way ANOVA. The significance of
differences between means was tested using
Duncans Multiple Range Test at a 95 percent
level of confidence (p<0.05).
Shrimp did better
and then moved to with 0ppt or 40ppt saline

water in separate trial for stress test.
In the chemical stress test, 30 shrimps
per treatment were transferred to a tank
with 20ppt salinity for one week and a toxic
concentration of ammonia of 50+- 2ppm
(pH7-8) and in a separate trial of nitrite of
20+-2ppm, respectively.
Nitrite and ammonia concentrations in the

water were controlled daily to maintain the
toxic concentrations. Shrimps were fed once
a day. Mortality rates were recorded daily
during a 10-day test phase.
Typical immunological parameters, such
as hemolymp protein, total hemocyte cell
count, phenol oxidase activity and percentage
Growth performance of shrimp fed with

enzymatically hydrolyzed liver (eL) and meat
& bone mush (eMB) tended to be better
than fed with the control diet (p=0.0787); the
best growth performance was achieved by
feeding shrimp with hydrolyzed poultry liver
(see Table 2).
Feed utilisation in term of total feed
consumption, feed conversion and survival
rate were not significantly different from the
control feed containing 30 percent fish meal,
15 percent shrimp and five percent squid meal
(see Table 1).
Shrimp fed hydrolyzed poultry meat &
bone showed the best hemolymp protein
and total hemocyte cell count (p<0.05)
(see Table 3 and Figures 2a/b).
FEATURE
Table 2: Growth performance and feed utilization of white
shrimp fed with hydrolyzed poultry liver (eL) and meat & bone
(eMB), respectively
Control
Production after 8
wks (g/Aq)
230.1b
13.40
Average daily
weight gain at 8
wks (g/ind/d)
5% eL
270.8a
5% eMB
267.4a
Table 3: Immune status of white shrimp fed hydrolyzed poultry proteins

(eL=hydrolyzed liver; eMB=hydrolyzed meat & bone) at normal condition
Parameter
Control
eL
eMB
p-value
Total hemolymph
protien (g/dl)
4.50b
0.20
6.88a
0.62
6.61a
0.25
0.0001
0.0089
Phenol oxidase
activity (unit/min/
mg protein)
169.2a
4.12
109.2b
10.66
118.8b
2.92
0.0001
Oxyhemocyanin
(%)
22.3a 2.5
15.25b
0.74
21.96a
4.47
0.0586
Total hemocyte
count (x106 cell/
ml
4.63b
0.41
4.91b
0.15
6.05a
0.23
0.0006
P-value
20.64
13.20
0.08a
0.01
0.10a
0.01
0.091
0.01
0.0787
Total feed intake at

8 wks (g/ind/Aq
189.7a
20.28
222.0a
15.60
215.1a
20.14
0.1072
Daily feed intake

at 8 wks (g/ind/d)
0.11a
0.01
0.12a
0.01
0.12a
0.01
0.5412
to 240 hours) was highest

(p<0.05) with shrimps fed
Feed conversion 1.35a
1.25a 1.30a
0.4025
on fishmeal (the control
0.06
0.07
ratio at 8 wks 0.10
diet) (see Figure 3).
93.57a
Survival rate at 8 87.14a 90.71a
0.4659
Under high salinity mor 5.89
3.60
wks (%) 6.80
tality was not significant difThe activity of hemocyte cell in terms of ferent among diets used (see Figure 4).
Shrimps under both high nitrite (20ppm)
phenol oxidase activity and percentage of
oxyhemo-cyanin (live cell hemocyte), was or ammonia (50ppm) stress test conditions
highest (P<0.05) in shrimps fed by marine showed the best immune response after
protein (fish-, squid-, shrimp-meal) (see being fed with hydrolysed poultry liver
and hydrolyzed meat & bone, respectively
Table 3).
Under both high (40ppt) and low salini- (see Figures 5 and 6). The mortality rate
ty (0ppt) stress, the best immune response after nitrite stress test (up to 240 hours)
was shown by shrimps fed hydrolysed was highest (p<0.05) in the control group
poultry meat and bone (see Figures 3 and (fed with marine protein); a significant
4). In low salinity the mortality (for 96 lower (10 times lower) mortality rate was
observed in shrimps fed on hydrolysed

poultry protein (see Figure 5).
Ammonia stress test (up to 240 hours)
was in the same range (p>0.05). All shrimp
die after 96 hours (see Figure 6).
Infection with Vibrio harveyi decreased
the total homocyte count while shrimps
fed on a diet with hydrolyzed poultry products were able to maintain total hemocyte
count.
Interestingly, the mortality rate after
Vibrio challenge (up to 240 hours) was
highest in shrimps fed on marine protein
(100 percent mortality) and lowest in
shrimps fed with hydrolyzed poultry
liver (60 percent mortality) (see Figure
7).
Extruder OEE for the Production of Fish Feed
AMANDUS KAHL GmbH & Co. KG, Dieselstrasse 5-9, D-21465 Reinbek / Hamburg,
Phone: +49 40 727 71 0, Fax: +49 40 727 71 100, info@amandus-kahl-group.de
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FEATURE
Generally, rendered poultry by-products
are important sources of protein and energy.
The enzymatic hydrolysis is widely used
to improve and enhance nutritional and functional properties of feedstuff. During the
enzymatical hydrolyses poultry protein is converted into free amino acids, short peptides
and small molecular proteins.
Based on their good functional properties
and nutritive value, these ingredients are able
to replace or complete fishmeal-based diets
in fish and shrimp feed. (Aguila et al., 2007;
Huong et al., 2012).
Several studies have described the antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysates from
chicken (Wu et al., 2005; Rosa et al., 2008),
tuna liver (Je et al., 2009), sardinelle by-products (Bougatef et al., 2010), backbone of Baltic
cod (Zelechowska et al., 2010) and marine
skin gelatins (Alemn et al., 2011).
Furthermore, free amino acid and small
molecular weight compounds released during
the hydrolysis might also act as feed attractants for shrimps, increasing feed intake, weight
gain and enhance shrimp immunity (Hardy,
1991).
When shrimp are exposed to high ammonia and nitrite concentration in water, the
immune response is depressed and mortality
is increased.
Hence, robust and healthy shrimp show
a higher immunity resistance by expressing
typical immune parameters, such as hemolymp protein, total hemocyte cell count,
phenol oxidase activity and percentage of
oxyhemocyanin (live cell hemocyte) than
weaker ones.
Althought L. vannamei can adapt to a wide
range of salinity, shrimps are more susceptible
to ammonia toxicity. Shrimps under low salinity spend more energy to compensate their
additional energy demand for regulation of
the osmotic pressure (osmoregulation)(Liu
Chun-Hung et al., 2004; Li et al., 2007).
The results are in accordance with previous studies by Kvale et al. (2002) with predigested protein in Atlantic halibut and Cahu
et al. (1999) describing effects of hydrolysed
protein in sea bass, revealing that survival in
fish can be improved by supplementing (fish)
protein hydrolysates in the diet.
In conclusion, poultry hydrolysates are
able to enhance stress resistance/tolerance in
Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
under salinity change, chemical stress and
disease challenge.
The immune responses of shrimp
after challenged with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) showed that the
group of shrimp fed hydrolysed poultry
products had better immune response
than control. The mortality rate was 100
percent after 72 hours in all treatments
(see Figure 8).
An important sources of
protein and energy
According to the result from this study, it can

be concluded that growth of shrimps, immune
responses and mortality rate induced by chemical
stress and disease challenge are related to the
usage and uptake of hydrolysed proteins and
peptides.
More
information:
GePro Gefluegel-Protein
Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG
Im Moore 1
49356 Diepholz
Germany
Website: www.ge-pro.de
Email: franz-peter.rebafka@ge-pro.de
FEATURE
AMINODat Aqua 1.0

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29.01.14 11:36
FEATURE
Microalgae and aquaculture
- feed and cycle management
by Thomas Wencker, Regina Storandt, Dr Peter Waldeck (all IGV Biotech), Janine Dinske
(Terra Urbana GmbH), Wilfried Lehmann (Spezialfuttermittelwerk Beeskow GmbH)
he global fish consumption for

human nutrition increases. The
supply of enough aquatic products
is still possible, because the experienced fish capture peak in the 1990s is
buffered by the increasing amount of fish
from hatcheries, both onshore and offshore.
Aquaculture companies need feed for
growing their fish or shrimp and they have
to adapt the feed composition to their fishs
demands. Naturally carnivorous fishes always
need a certain amount of animal products,
while omnivores and herbivores may generally
be fed on vegetable basis.
Nevertheless, big amounts of fishmeal and
fish oil are used to produce
the aquaculture feed, as these
products provide benchmarking
nutrition and digestibility values.
These raw materials are taken
from fish and therefore pressurise natural resources. This is the
motivation for the presented
project.
set the stage for more broad applications of

microalgae.
However, these so-called high-value products are mostly produced in a non-closed
upstream, based on technical CO2, industrial
nutrients and with pure tap water. At agricultural scale, the cycle production potentials
of microalgae have to be applied, as this will
allow the access to bulk markets through a
cost reduction for the production of microalgae biomass.
Within aquaculture, microalgae have the
potential to build a closed and natural nutrient
cycle, which would a more sustainable profile
to a fish hatchery (see Picture 1).
The excreta nutrients must no longer
Microalgae cycles
The potentials of the smallest

of all plant cells are numerous.
Microalgae have developed
photosynthesis and grow with
the climate gas CO2 and with excreta nutrients from higher living forms. They are primary
producers of the aquatic food chain and have
formed very efficient metabolism pathways.
Today, microalgae are often discussed
as sustainable supplier of biofuels or bulk
chemicals, of human food supplement or fine
chemicals. Available products from microalgae
are for example pellets of dried and pressed
algae biomass, which are supplied as food
supplement in the internet and in organic or
health food shops.
Another example for successful algae
products are colorants like the blue photosynthesis molecule Phycocyanine or the red
carotenoid and antioxidant Astaxanthine.
The mentioned current products gain a lot
of value from their customer markets and
be disposed into the environment; the feed

is partially produced within the hatchery
itself and the dependence from capture fish
decreases.
In detail, microalgae start their work with
absorbing the macro nutrients nitrogen in
the form of ammonia or nitrate and phosphor in the form of phosphate. The specific
uptake rate for nitrate can be calculated to
be 0.31g of nitrate per gram of dry matter
while approximately 0.05g of phosphate are
integrated into one gram of grown microalgae
biomass.
Depending on the growth phase the final
algae biomass can contain up to 50 percent of
lipids including valuable poly unsaturated fatty
acids (PUFAs).
The second algae component with the
core interest from the fish production is the

protein group.
In several of the algae species the protein
fraction represents more of 50 percent of the
total dry weight, containing all essential amino
acids for the fish. Besides these important
facts, algae contain a nutritionally valuable
complex of vitamins and antioxidants, which
have positive influence on fishs health and
appearance.
Hence algae can contribute water purification tasks, the production of a high value feed
additives and the production of proteins and
fats to this natural cycle.
IGV projects
IGV Biotech has earned special experience regarding the

combination of aquaculture and
algae production. First projects
have been carried out in the
middle 1990s, wherein the algae
potential of deleting the nutrient
load from the fish cycle water
was proven.
The picture shows (see picture 2) the installation of four
2500 litre vessels and the connected biofilter at the IGV headquarter near Berlin, Germany.
The system was used to cultivate sturgeons, an interesting species for
the relevant commercial aquaculture production. The wastewater was treated within
approximately 2500 litres of photobioreactor volume.
The used photobioreactor was a modular
construction from thin layer plastic plates,
which performed very well concerning volumetric productivity. The nutrient concentration within the clear phase of the harvest
process was reduce close to zero for both
nitrate and phosphate and could hence be
disposed without reservations.
Other projects have been done with the
plate type photobioreactor by IGV Biotech,
for example, the flue gas capture including
the sequestration of CO2 at a lime kiln in
Germany in 1997.
FEATURE
Unfortunately, the cheap plastic material transmission rates and surface qualities with with IGV Biotechs tubular glass photobioreactor technology in Kltze, Germany.
was limited towards UV-resistance, thermal reduced liability of immobilisation.
But the core issue of thermal expansion is
extension and immobilisation issues. A scaling up to industrial size for the continuous not solved yet.
Fish oil substitution with
Hence, the feasibility of outdoor plants lipid rich microalgae
production of relevant amounts of algae
biomass was impossible and the plastic plate with their big environmental temperature
The current project on the microalgae
photobioreactor development was stopped in ranges is still limited with plastic materials.
cycles with aquaculture takes the decrease
ariculture, Inc. | 2013 Hatchery Ad Campaign | Theme: Ad-1 Instant Algae | Design: A | Version: 1
DANIEL
In consequence, IGV Biotech has con- of captured fish for the feed production into
the late 1990s.
nt: International Aquafeed materialHalf Page | Dimensions: 190mm X 132mm
Current plastic | Size: developments centrated on tubular photobioreactors from account.
have led to several approaches for low-cost glass to have best of both growth and scaling
The prominent fractions of fish feed are
photobioreactors. Manufacturers supply cer- opportunities. In 2000, the formerly biggest fishmeal and fish oil, which will be limited in
tificates with guaranties for UV-resistance, photobioreactor worldwide had been built the future.
Aquaculture Feeds Reimagined

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intact cell structure and therefore, the complete nutritional value of live
algae a sea change for modern marine aquaculture.
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as family and unmatched commitment to the aquaculture industry,
has made Reed Mariculture Inc (RMI) the worlds largest producer of
marine microalgae concentrates.
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optimized, easy-to-use marine algae concentrates that ensure
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of larval fish, bivalve, and shrimp.
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microalgae on a commercial scale and a concentrate process that ensures
CO
FEATURE
Therefore, the core issue of the presented project is to find a feed recipe with a
reduced content of fish raw material via the
replacement with microalgae biomass. As the
protein content is naturally high in microalgae
compared to other crops, the first screening
has concentrated on algae species with a high
lipid content, a suitable fatty acid composition
and good growth properties under limited
nutrient concentrations, which is needed for
contaminant inhibition.
Within a group of the species Chlorella,
Scenedesmus and Ankistrodesmus, the sickleshaped green algae species Selenastrum was
selected. The screening has been done in a
sterile bubble column laboratory screening
system type LWS 05/80 with four parallel
photosynthetic columns for stable and identic
environmental condition for each candidate.
S. rinoi (see Picture 3) convinced with good
growth rates and an average lipid concentration of app. 25 percent in its dryweight.
Photobioreactor integration
In IGV Biotechs laboratories this special

algae species was grown to a biomass amount,
which was used to inoculate a new developed
photobioreactors of the type PBR 3000 GT.
Core issues of the new type of tubular
photobioreactor were a mobile construction,
which means that it had to fit into standard
freight measures.
Second, the operation had been kept as
easy as possible, as it wouldnt be controlled
by specialised staff. The result of this engineering in combination with IGV Biotechs longterm experience was a transportable system
with an operational volume of approximately
3500 litres.
This is a new benchmark for mobile
photobioreactors (see Picture 4). The system
consists of three parallel tubular modules
and a central supply and control unit. The
two basic units can be connected within just
one hour of work time, which means a high
level of flexibility regarding maintenance and
transportation.
The photobioreactor itself was installed
under 100 percent outdoor conditions next
to a fish hatchery south of Berlin, Germany.
After the successful inoculation, the algae
were grown up to a certain level, where they
had to be harvested to allow semi-continuous
growth.
The harvested suspension volume was
directly replaced with cycle water from the
fish hatchery. The algae were grown continuously for 2.5 months during the optimal
weather period in the end of summer 2013.
They grew well during the summer weather period and supressed all contaminants
which occurred with the contaminated and
unsterile cycle water. But this had to be supported by the addition of artificial nutrients, as
the nutrient load of the cycle water still was
too low for a high yield

algae growth.
Future project issues
will therefore be the
increase of the nutrient
level in the cycle water
via a reduced cycle water
exchange from 10 percent to five percent without harmful conditions for
the fish. In future projects
the concentration of the
nutrients going along with
a sterilisation of the cycle
water shall be issued.
Waste heat applications
near biogas installations
will be possible project
spots for this approach.
Feed integration
and trials
The harvested biomass from the PBR 3000

GT was processed in different ways and added to
special fish feed recipes
under the partial replacement for fish oil and fishmeal. The feed
was developed at the project partner SpFM
GmbH, who is supplier of special feed and
contributed its knowledge in feed processing
to this project. The feed itself was produced
in IGVs extruders and tested with juvenile fish
from the warm water species Clarias gariepinus by the Terra Urbana GmbH.
First preliminary results are shown in the
graph.
The first group is the control group which
has been fed with Clarias feed without algae.
The second group was fed with spray
dried algae cells which replaced approximately
nine percent of fish product; group three
got freshly freezed and resuspended algae
cells (approximately two percent) and group
four got the same biomass replacement
(approximately two percent) and additional
one percent of Chitosan, which simulated
a harvest with the flocculation effects of
Chitosan, which may be a very cost-effective
harvest method.
Is it obvious to see, that the spray dried
biomass led to improved biomass growth
results, while the fresh and the flocculated
algae were not as good as the control feed.
The reasons for these results are variable.
The drying process could have damaged
the algae cells and prepared an improved
digestibility. The Chitosan could have capsuled
the algae cells and may have protected them
towards digestion.
But nevertheless, it could be shown with
the algae species Selenastrum r., that the
replacement of fish based feed ingredients
with microalgae biomass is possible and that it
may have a positive effect on the productivity

of closed aquaculture systems. In addition,
the differences between the feed groups are
within a range of 15 percent concerning
both length and biomass growth, so that the
theoretical feasibility of the feed replacement
could be promised for all algae treatments.
The final economies and effects of the
different feed groups will be part of the final
project report in the end of 2014.
Outlook 2014
Under respect of a limited number of

variants within the 2013 feed trials of 50 per
group, the feeding trials will be continued
in 2014 with bigger numbers of individuals
to earn more reliable results and a clearer
distinction between the different feeding
groups.
Further on, the PBR 3000 GT will be kept
in operation as continuous and as long as possible to earn the maximal experience in the
biomass composition which will be detected
in the end of the vegetation period.
In parallel efforts the project partners
will optimize the feed recipes with the aim
to replace as much of the fish products as
possible.
Acknowledgment
IGV Biotech thanks the Deutsche

Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU German
Federal Environmental Foundation) for the
financial support for this project. Second, the
project partners Terra Urbana GmbH and
SpFM GmbH kindly give their knowledge for
this project.
FEATURE
lymouth Marine Laboratory, UK,

well known for its environmental
research, has expanded its interests
into commercial algal biomass production; but its not the algae they are selling
but the means to grow them.
After 30 years of growing microalgae for
research purposes, PML is now utilising this
knowledge and expertise to provide solutions
to the wider community.
The first product out of the laboratory and
onto the production line is a bubble columnstyle photobioreactor for growing microalgae.
We designed and built half a dozen of
these units as tools for our personal use on
research contracts we were undertaking says
Mike Allen, Senior Scientist at PML.
The only problem was, when we showed
visitors around the lab they kept wanting to
buy them off us!
The demand for the in-house built photobioreactors from visitors was difficult to
ignore, and following a redesign to make the
reactors look like a professional product, the
commercial arm of PML - PML Applications
- is now about to officially start selling their
bubble column range.
Already, prior to the official launch, units
have been sold to customers in Europe,
America and Western Asia working in the

fields of aquaculture, academia and engineering.
Elegance of design
The newly launched range offers laboratory grade, vertical column photobioreactors capable of growing different strains of
algae for research, aquaculture and education
purposes with a focus on biomass quality, reliability and elegance of design.
Stand-alone, wall-mounted or hanging
units grow microalgae under controlled agitation and are designed to ensure that all the
user needs to do is throw in their growth
media and algae of choice, plug them in and
they are good to go.
To date, the bubble columns have successfully
grown freshwater, brackish and saltwater strains
(natural and genetically modified) including:
Nannochloropsis salina
Nannochloropsis oculata
Tetraselmis suecica
Tetraselmis chuii
Isochrysis galbana
Thalassiosira pseudonana
Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Emiliania huxleyi
Chlorella salina
Chlorella vulgaris
Chlorella sorokiniana
Dunaliella salina
Ostreococcus tauri
Botryococcus braunii
Rhinomonas reticulate
Pavlova lutheri
Arthrospira platensis
They have all been grown to cell densities
well over 107 cells per ml.
Whole culture harvesting is achieved
through a tap at the bottom, while smaller
volumes for quality control monitoring can
be drawn off from the middle of the column.
Sizes supplied
Typical sizes supplied already include three,

six, 10 and 15 litre columns, with bespoke
sizes and volumes available.
The systems are based around a robust
polycarbonate tube with anodised aluminium
components available in a variety of colours
such as light blue, dark blue, pink, purple, green,
orange, gold, black, silver and red; a feature
particularly useful if you are looking to combine
function with a visually striking display system
which matches your company logo and colours.
Designed by algae experts for algae growers of all abilities, interests and purposes the
PML built bubble column photobioreactor
offers a cost effective and elegant solution to
your microalgae culturing needs.
PHOTOSHOOT
Bibury Trout Farm - one of Britains oldest aquaculture facilities
Founded originally by Arthur Servern, a dedicated naturalist, to supply the

native Brown Trout to local rivers; it has evolved over the years, latterly under
Kate Marriotts ownership and is now capable of producing 6 million trout
ova from its hatchery every year, the majority being Rainbow Trout more
suited to lake and reservoir habitats. Regardless of its age, established in 1902
it is anything but ancient;
Bibury Trout Farm has successfully solidified itself as both a bustling tourist
attraction and innovative industrial fish producer. It has also been instrumental
in bringing together its local community, assisting with local business and
helping to bring even more life to an already vibrant community.
FISH FARMING
TECHNOLOGY
aqua
SUPPLE
cultureM E N T
uk2014
aqua
culture
uk 2014
preview
may 28-29
AQUA14_FFarmer_1-2_130X190_art.indd 1
25/06/2013 15:12
may 28-29
SUPPLEMENT
Aquaculture UK
s the supporting international

media partner for Aquaculture
UK 2014 we work closely with
our partners to make a difference. Now in our 23rd year International
Aquafeed & Fish Farming Technology are
proud to support this growing UK event
with this 16 page pull-out supplement.
With offices in South America, North
America, Africa, India, China, Vietnam and
our head office in Cheltenham UK, we are
confident that our magazine, which is published in English, Spanish and Chinese, has a
global reach second to none.
As well as Aquaculture UK, we physically
attend over 40 international exhibitions,
often putting ourselves at the forefront of
the aquaculture conferences and at time
we organize and chair them. We dont
just report the news we live the news and
quaculture UK has grown from

strength-to-strength since it first
started in 2008. The Macdonald
Resort in Aviemore is once again
hosting Aquaculture UK for the fourth time.
Aquaculture UK is undoubtedly the UKs
premier aquaculture exhibition and conference.
It is a truly international event, which attracts
over 1000 visitors from 27 countries, who come
to see the latest products and innovations.
This year on May 28, 2014, Aquaculture UK
opens its doors to over 20 new exhibitors, many
of which you can preview in our Whats New
for 2014 section. With Exhibitors from over
12 countries, the reputation of the expo as an
international event is growing year on year.
Aquaculture UK 2014 offers exhibitors a
valuable opportunity to launch new products,
meet decision makers and promote their products and services. It is the place to do business,
to network and to catch up with all the latest
developments.
Whether your focus is on finfish, shellfish,
fresh water or ocean through to the latest
developments in recirculation, you will find
Aquaculture UK includes a vast array of topics
within aquaculture.
At the last exhibition, Skretting, Ewos and
Biomar clubbed together and jointly participated.
In 2014, they have once again chosen to have
separate stands.
So if it's feed you are after or feed nutrition
there are many exhibitors on hand, other exhibitors include, fish health, cleaning, husbandry,
cages, recirculation systems, pumps, grading
machines and much, much more.
This years event was sold out early,
work closely with our advertising partners

to make sure our magazine is read by more
fisheries, hatcheries and feed millers and
manufactures than anyone else.
International Aquafeed & Fish farming
Technology are delighted to bring you this
comprehensive preview to the UKs premier
Aquaculture event, taking place in Scotland.
We take promoting the industry seriously and
this is our fourth year attending the event.
Our stand can be found at 81, we have seven
staff on hand over the two days to help with
anything from editorial campaigns through to
global marketing. If you miss us in the day,
catch us at the evening dinner event where
we have taken our own table. Be sure to find
time in your calendar
to attend the UKs
premier aquaculture
expo. I look forward
to welcoming you.
prompting more space to be added. The

2014 event will be even larger with a record
number of more than 100 exhibitors so
far, representing manufacturers and suppliers
from all over the world, who will display
current developments and products in the
fields of aquaculture technology, fish feed, fish
health, quality assurance, training, funding, fish
farmer networks, grading, equipment, storage,
processing, packaging, environmental protection, distribution, consultancy, insurance and
much more in 2014.
Throughout the two days a comprehensive
programme has been scheduled for the conference rooms. The conferences will run parallel to
the trade exhibition. As with 2012, the admission to all these events is free.
The gala dinner on the night of the 28th
has already exceeded the numbers from 2012,
and with the high quality entertainment of Tam
Cowan, it will be a fun night and one not to be
missed.
During the first day a panel of independent judges will be working through the
applications for the Young Scientist of the
Year award sponsored by Novartis. The
winner, which will be announced during the
gala dinner, will receive an expense paid trip
to its Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada,
and dedicated Aquaculture Research &
Development site. Whilst in Canada, the
student will meet leading NAH scientists,
and have the opportunity to learn about
fish vaccines, novel pharmaceutical developments and revolutionary new technologies in fish health. A visit to the Atlantic
Veterinary College at the University of
Prince Edward Island, where the Novartis
II | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology
Chair of Fish Health is based, is also on the

itinerary.
Applications are invited from those currently conducting, or having recently completed,
research in aquaculture. Full details of how to
apply and the conditions of entry are detailed
in this article.
Day two of the conference will focus on
the challenges and oppertunities facing Scottish
aquaculture.
With just eight weeks to go we are informed
that there are only two stand spaces left, so
if you want to take advantage of this premier
networking event contact the event organizer
David Mack on +44 (0)1862 892188.
Have a look at the exhibitor's page and
floor plan to and see who is coming in May.
The Aquaculture UK 2014 exhibition and
conference are open to bona fide trade
visitors and those with commercial, academic
or similar interests in aquaculture. Admission
is free.
We look forward to welcoming you to
Aquaculture UK 2014 at the magnificent
Macdonald Highland Resort in Aviemore.
The dates for 2014 are May 28th and 29th.
Opening times are from 10am until 6pm on the
28th and 10am until 5pm on the 29th
Registration as an exhibition visitor grants
entry to all conference sessions. For visitors its
an opportunity to catch up on the latest technology and techniques, meet old friends and make
new ones in an accessible, compact and pleasant
setting.
Who comes to Aquaculture UK?
The visitor profile in 2012 was: Visitors from 27 countries

Decision makers from fish farming operations worldwide
Decision makers from universities involved
in aqua research
Influential and senior NGO and government agency executives involved in major
aqua policy initiatives and issues.
Specialists in providing aqua services like
risk management, safety, veterinary services etc
Journalists from all the major aquaculture
trade papers and magazines
Aquaculture students, who will be tomorrows managers and teachers
But also and equally importantly, people
from the industry from the hands-on level
in the industry to the boardroom
The venue facilities are excellent, there will
only be industry participants in the conference
and exhibition complex. There are 1000 free
parking spaces at the venue.
Registration is short and simple. Simply complete the registration form and a visitors badge
will be prepared for you to collect on your
arrival.
Go to the following link - http://www.aquacultureuk.com/index.php?c=visitor_reg
Venue
ACCOMMODATION
CONFERENCE FACILITIES
RESTAURANTS
LEISURE
1 Macdonald Highlands Hotel

Conference Centre
1 Aspects
2 Spey Valley Leisure
LEISURE Childrens Play Park
RESTAURANTS Restaurant
CONFERENCE5 FACILITIES- Osprey Arena
ACCOMMODATION
4 Macdonald Woodland Lodges
Peregrine Suite,
5 Highland Food Court
3
1 Macdonald Highlands 7 Macdonald Academy Hotel Centre Hotel

5 Conference
1 Aspects
2 Spey Valley Leisure Cinema
Auditorium & Meeting Rooms Restaurant Country Club
9 Dalfaber
5 Spey Valley
4 Macdonald Woodland11 Macdonald Four Seasons Hotel Suite, Osprey Arena
Lodges
Peregrine
3 ChildrensExtensive Car Parking
Garten Boardroom 5 Highland Food Court
11 Four Seasons Restaurant
6 Play Park
7 Macdonald Academy 12 The Aviemore Inn
Hotel
Auditorium11 Grantown Suite
& Meeting Rooms
9 Dalfaber Country Club
5 Spey Valley Cinema
12 Giovannis
8 Aviemore Railway Station
11 Four
9 Car Valley Golf
11 Macdonald Four Seasons Hotel
Garten BoardroomSeasons Suite
11 Four Seasons Restaurant
6 Extensive SpeyParking Course
9 Railway Station
12 The Aviemore Inn
11 Grantown Suite
12 Giovannis
8 Aviemore Dalfaber Golf & Country Club
10 Craigellachie Nature Reserve
11 Four Seasons Suite
9 Spey Valley Golf Course
13 Spey Valley Shopping
9 Dalfaber Golf & Country Club
10 Craigellachie Nature Reserve
13 Spey Valley Shopping
Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | III
Visiting
Inverness Airport shuttle bus timetable

Airport
Aviemore
Depart
Arrive
TUESDAY MAY 27
17.00
17:50
20:10
21:00
WEDNESDAY MAY 28
11:30
12:20
14:00
14:50
17:00
17:50
20:10
21:00
TUESDAY MAY 29
11:30
12:25
13:50
14:35
Getting there is easy
Aquaculture UK runs a free shuttle coach

service between Inverness Airport and the
venue.
See the timetable for the entire duration
of the event opposite.
Inverness is the nearest airport and has

direct connections with most major UK cities & Amsterdam . Overseas visitors can fly
to Inverness via London Gatwick, London
Stansted, Bristol, Manchester, Edinburgh &
Glasgow.
Flight time London to Inverness
- one hour 30 minutes
Flight time London to Edinburgh
or Glasgow - one hour
For flights to Inverness
www.hial.co.uk/inverness-airport
By bus:
Buses stop 200 metres away from resort.

(coaches from Edinburgh: two hours 30
minutes, from Glasgow: three hours).
Airport
Arrive
18:00
-
18:50
-
12:30
15:00
18:00
21:00
13:20
15:50
18:50
21:50
12:30
15:00
13:20
15:50
Journey time is approximate and depends on traffic

conditions. Departure times are indicative only.
Drive
By air:
Aviemore
Depart
Should you wish to drive from your UK entry

airport typical times are;
2 1/2 hours from Glasgow
2 hours from Edinburgh
3 hours from Aberdeen
From the north (Inverness)
Leave A9 as signposted for Aviemore (B970),
turn right at T junction and follow road
through Aviemore village. Turn right (2nd
exit) at first roundabout into the Macdonald
Aviemore Highland Resort and follow signs
to Reception.
From the south
(Glasgow, Edinburgh and Perth)
Leave A9 as signposted for Aviemore (B970),
turn left at T junction and follow road into
Aviemore village. Immediately after Esso garage
on right, turn left into Macdonald Aviemore
Highland Resort and follow signs to Reception.
By rail:
Aviemore main line railway station is just

200 metres away from the resort with direct
services from London Kings Cross, Edinburgh,
Glasgow, Inverness etc.
Contact: www.nationalrail.co.uk
for details of all UK train operators.
Visit www.thetrainline.com to book train tickets.
The Strathspey Railway operates
heritage railway services on nearly 10
miles of the former Highland line from
Aviemore to Broomhill. Enjoy a nostalgic
train ride in restored carriages, hauled by
one of the railway's steam locomotives.
There are fine views of the Cairngorm
Mountains and the River Spey and the
chance to see much of the diverse wildlife, along the line.
For more information go to:
www.strathspeyrailway.net
Accommodation
The resort offers a selection of accommodation from 3 and 4 star hotels
to Luxury Lodges with sufficient capacity to cater for all exhibitors and visitors. All accommodation is located on the resort with access to all facilities
and is subject to availability at the time of booking.
Telephone 01479 815100, select option 1 and quote Aquaculture 2014
or email general@aviemorehighlandresort.com
www.aviemorehighlandresort.com
Delegates should book by 7 May, 2014 to get accommodation at the
discounted group rate.
Rooms booked after this date are subject to availability at the prevailing rate.
First night deposit is paid at time of booking. Non refundable/non transferable.
Credit card guarantee required for the balance. Cancellations within 5 days
charged in full.
Non arrivals are charged in full.
Price
All prices are per person per night

4* Highlands Hotel 3* Aviemore Inn

3* Academy Hotel
Bed & Breakfast
Single
1 night stay
96
2 or more nights
84
2nd person in room B&B 30
Executive Rooms
30
Single
84
72
30
n/a
Deluxe Woodland Lodges (3 en-suite rooms) Room only

basis, minimum 2 night stay - 336 per lodge per night.
Stay 4 nights for the price of 3 (1008).
IV | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology
Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | V
Aquaculture UK
floor plan
Available space in yellow
Entrance
Come and meet the
team at stand 81
I
AQUA
If you are interested in booking

one of the remaining stands for
Aquaculture UK please visit
FEED
www.aquacultureuk.com
/index.php?c=exhibitoreg
VI | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology
Exhibitors
Ace Aquatec Ltd
Addfield Environmantal Systems
AKVA Group Scotland Ltd.
NEW! Alnmaritec Ltd
NEW! Apollo
Aqua Pharma
Aquaculture Directory
Aquafine GmbH
www.aceaquatec.com
30
www.aquafeed.co.uk
81
www.jt.fo
55
NEW! Kaycee Veterinary Products
www.kaycee.co.uk
A2
NEW! Kjaergaard Maskinfabrik
www.kjaergaard-mf.dk
12
www.kj.fo
A5
www.addfield.co.uk
OS1
JT Electric Ltd
www.akvagroup.com
74
www.alnmaritec.co.uk
86
www.apollo.dk
16
KJ
www.aquatic.as
64
Landcatch Natural Selection
www.aquaculturedirectory.co.uk
28
Lift Up A S
www.aquafineuv.com
49
Maskinfabrikken APOLLO A/S
Aquagen
www.aquagen.no
38
Migdale Transport
Aqualine AS
www.aqualine.no
103
Mohn Aqua
www.landcatch.co.uk
83
www.liftup.no
73
www.apollo.dk
www.migdalesmolt.co.uk
16
50A
www.mohnaqua.com
63
Aquasearch ova Aps
www.aquasearch..dk
34
Morenot A/S
www.morenot.no
38
Aquatec Solutions AS
www.aquatec-solutions.com
A1
MSD Animal Health
www.intervet.co.uk
75
www.aquatic.as
64
Novartis Animal Health
www.novartis.com
44
NEW! ASSG
www.assg.org.uk
26
OCEA
www.ocea.no
A4
Badinotti SpA
www.badinotti.com
70
NEW! Ocean Tools Aqua Ltd
www.otaq.co.uk
80
www.biomar.com
Orbit Aquacam A/S
www.orbitgmt.no
102
www.BOConline.co.uk
36
NEW! othree
www.othree.co.uk
15
www.borisnet.com
65
NEW! Pentair Aquatic Ecosysytems
www.aquaticeco.com
84
Aquatic Hygiene Ltd
Biomar Ltd
BOC Ltd
Boris Net Ltd
Bucanneer
NEW! Calitri sprl
www.buccaneer-ltd.co.uk
Pharmaq
www.pharmaq.no
51
www.remia-plast.hr
A3
www.calitri-technology.com
A7
Remia Plast
www.swannetgundry.com
71
Ridgeway Biologicals Ltd
www.desmi.com
69
NEW! RK Plast AS
www.dolav-uk.co.uk
68
RNT Tanks & Silos Ltd
29
SAL Ltd
www.drydenaqua.com
77
NEW! Salsnes-Filter SA
NEW! Easirecycling Ltd
www.easirecycling.co.uk
48
Seafish
Egersund Group
www.egersundgroup.no
90
NEW! Seafood Scotland
www.enterprise-europe-scotland.com
88
Skretting
www.eri.ac.uk
76
NEW! Steen-Hansen Aquaculture
www.europharma-uk.com
39
Sterner Aquatech UK
www.ewos.com
47
www.faivre.fr
www.fergusontransport.co.uk
www.fishfarmer-magazine.com
91
Thistle Access NDT Ltd
www.thisleaccess.co.uk
www.intrafish.no
37
Tom Morrow
www.tm-tarpaulins.com
101
www.kyst.no
67
NEW! Trellborg Ridderkerk BV
www.trelleborg.com
A6
www.fishvet.co.uk
87
Tufropes PVT Ltd
www.franatech.com
NEW! TWI Ltd
NEW! Coastal Cages Ltd

NEW! DESMI Ltd
Dolav Direct
Enterprise Europe
Environmental Research Institute
Europharma
EWOS Ltd
Faivre SARL
Ferguson Transport & Shipping
Fish Farmer Magazine
Fish Farming International
Fish Farming Xpert
Fish Vet Group
NEW! Franatech GmbH
20
13
www.rnttanks.com
32
www.salltd.co.uk
72
www.salsnes-filter.com
49
www.seafish.org.uk
PU2
www.seafoodscotland.org
PU3
www.skretting.com
88
www.steen-hansen.no
19
www.sterner.co.uk
51
Storvik
www.storvik.no
61
Don More Ltd

NEW! Dryden Aqua
www.ridgewaybiologicals.co.uk
www.rkplast.dk
NEW! Sunderland Marine Insurance
www.smmi.com
62
26
Terecos
Freedom Food
www.freedomfood.org
Unst Inshore Services
Fusion Marine
www.fusionmarine.com
52
VAKI
Gael Force Aqua Ltd
www.gaelforcegroup.com
40
Vonin A/S
Grading Systems Ltd
www.gradingsystems.com
14
W J Knox Ltd
NEW! GSS Moorings
www.gssplant.co.uk
27
NEW Waste Spectrum
Hatchery International
www.hatcheryinternational.com
79
NEW! Xelect
Highland Waste Services
www.highlandwasteservices.co.uk
78
Hughes Pumps Ltd
www.hughes-netclean.co.uk
www.hvalpsund.com
33
www.fluggaboats.co.uk
www.vaki.is
63
www.vonin.com
56
www.wjknox.co.uk
www.wastespectrum.com
www.Xelect.co.uk
42
OS7
53
46
www.hydrotech.se
A8
PU1
18
Hvalpsund Net AS
www.tufropes.com
www.twi.co.uk
www.hie.co.uk
41
Highlands & Islands Enterprise
Hydrotech AB
NEW! Hygiene Teknikk Ltd
NEW! Impex Agency AS
Inter Aqua Dk
www.aquatic.as
OS 5
www.impexagency.dk
16
www.interaqua.dk
66
Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | VII
Exhibitor list as of 31 March 2014
NEW Exhibitors for 2014

Check out our run down on pages VIII - XII
New in 2014
Lots of companies are showcasing thier

products and services at Aquaculture UK
for the first time this year, here is our run
down of what is new at the exhibition
Dryden Aqua is a Scottish based marine

biological company established in 1980
specialising in water quality and innovative treatment technology. Our unique
knowledge combination and detailed
understanding of the biological as well as
the physio-chemical reactions
has enabled Dryden Aqua to
develop a highly innovative
range of product systems. As
marine biologists, one of our
focus areas is with aquaculture
and environmental business
sectors in relation to sustainable water treatment technology. Dryden Aqua design the
LSS life support systems and
provide key components for
public aquaria. Some of the
systems provided by Dryden
Aqua treat in excess of 5000
m3/hr. Our products such as
AFM active filter media, air
and ceramic oxygen diffusers
as well as our oxygen probes
are the standard used by the
fish farming industry in Europe
for recirculation RAS systems
and for sea cages around the
world.
Our Mission
The mission and focus of Dryden

Aqua is to try and make the world a
better place. We are an environmental
company specializing in water and aquatic ecosystems. We are aware of the impact of toxic
chemicals (priority substances) have on public
health in drinking water and on the environment
in wastewater. We have developed sustainable
technology to remove some priority substances and
are expanding this research to further enhance performance. This may actually be a solution to support
marine biodiversity which will help the marine ecosystem remove carbon dioxide and reduce the impact
on climate change. We are also aware of the health
implications of disinfection by products on children from
chlorinated municipal supplies and swimming pools and
the biological risk from parasites such as cryptosporidium.
We are providing practical low cost solutions in Europe
as well as India and Africa that are saving lives. However,
we have not forgotten our roots and as Marine Biologists
we provide life support systems for fish in public aquaria.
If we lose the marine ecosystem the terrestrial ecosystem
will collapse and civilization will be over. If the terrestrial
ecosystem collapses the seas and the marine ecosystem will
actually improve.
Waste recycling is important to all companies

targets, profits and environmental policies.
Easi Recycling focus not only on reducing your
waste costs and recycling but turning your waste
into revenue.
With the correct equipment installed we can achieve up to 80/
tonne for Cardboard, 350/tonne for polystyrene fish trays and 250/
tonne for plastic waste.
Working alongside our specialist recyclers we can also divert contaminated plastics from landfill.
Polystyrene Fish Trays
New to our range this year is

the GreenMax range of machinery offering cost effective solutions for recycling expanded
polystyrene (EPS) waste like
fish trays. Polystyrene waste has
been a headache in many industries for years, owing to its bulky
construction and costly waste
removal.
In the fish industry alone there
are over 10 million expanded
polystyrene wholesale fresh fish
boxes in the UK per year. EPS
sent to landfill can cost over
100 per tonne, however once
in its compressed block form
it can be recycled into a product with a high re-sale value.
Greenmax buy back the compressed block for up to 350/
tonne and this is re-used to
manufacture photograph frames.
The Greenmax range of
machinery has been designed to process from 25kg per hour from
the A-C25 model to 200kg/hour from the high output A-C200 model.
Plastic Waste
Since 'Operation Green Fence' was introduced back in February

2013 to help stem the flow of contaminated, poor quality plastics
entering China, correct segregation of plastic at source has never been
so important. Segregating your plastic grades into smaller balers can
make over 250/tonne difference to the value of your waste plastic.
With an extensive range of pneumatic and hydraulic waste balers, both
fully refurbished and new, Easi Recycling have a machine for every
application and budget.
Cardboard Waste
2013 showed a buoyant year for the value of waste cardboard.

When baling cardboard at source in one of our mill size balers
we could achieve an average
revenue of 80/tonne for
our customers, we anticipate similar rates in 2014.
VIII | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology
New
Rapid advances in molecular biology and
genome sequencing are beginning to
transform breeding programs, disease
control, and feed development. Xelect is
a spin-out company from the University of St Andrews in Scotland
that was setup to bring powerful genetic technologies within the
reach of every company in the global aquaculture supply chain. The
company is a pioneer in the relatively new field of marker assisted
selection for broodstock improvement. Our lead product is an assay
for genetic variation in two genes involved in protein turnover and
muscle development which can be used to select Atlantic salmon
broodstock producing offspring with 3.6% higher fillet yield relative to
unselected fish, worth around
500/tonne at current prices.
The markers have been validated in thousands of salmon
from three major producers in
Europe and Chile and licenced
to SalmoBreed A/S and
Landcatch Natural Selection.
We support our customers
with a fast and efficient service to identify broodstock for
breeding.
Xelect has an in house multi-species research program
which is developing tools for
improved growth, flesh quality and nutritional value with
support from the Technology Strategy Board and Scottish Enterprise.
The company also offers a bespoke service to breeding companies
wishing to develop their own intellectual property in marker assisted
selection.
In addition, Xelect provides a wide spectrum of other genetic
services at competitive prices including: the development and
analysis of microsatellites for paternity assignment and traceability; genomic DNA extraction and normalisation; SNP genotyping;
DNA-based sex determination; ploidy determination by flow
cytometry, DNA barcoding assays for identifying pathogens,
parasites and invasive species, and gene expression analysis. The
co-founders of the company, Professor Ian Johnston FRSE (CEO)
and Dr Tom Ashton (Executive Director), will both be on the stand
at Aquaculture UK 2014.
www.xelect.co.uk
Enquires to info@xelect.co.uk
Sunderland Marine has been providing

insurance and risk management services
to the global aquaculture industry since
1986. The company has steadily increased
its business and now covers 1 billion of
stock and 200 million of equipment. The majority of stock insured
are Atlantic salmon, but we also provide cover for other marine finfish
including tuna species, freshwater salmonids and shellfish to name
a few. The in-house risk management team,
Aquaculture Risk Management, can give assistance and technical support from offices in the
UK, Ireland, western Canada, Chile and Australia.
We currently offer all risks policies for stock
mortality and equipment, transit cover and can
also provide insurance for fish farm boats and
ancillary craft.
Sunderland Marine will be present at the Aviemore show on Stand
62 with Underwriters, Account Handlers, Claims Adjusters and Risk
Managers available to discuss any insurance requirements.
Franatech is a company specialized

in development, production and
supply of underwater sensors for
dissolved gases.
Our products are used world-wide by scientific and industrial
customers.
Scientific applications cover ecosystems studies in the deep-sea as
well as in lakes, climate research studies, study of ocean acidifications.
Our CO2 sensors are used as well by scientific institutions working
on aquaculture research in the USA and Norway.
Industrial applications cover offshore oil & gas, water and waste water,
hydroelectricity and of course aquaculture. Our sensors are used by fishfarms in Denmark, Norway, Finland, Scotland, Canada, USA and Chile
Franatech disposes of a fully equipped laboratory for sensor calibration and tuning.
We can simulate various deployment conditions and dispose of an
own pressure test chamber. Electronic laboratory
and mechanical workshop
complement our capacity.
Most of our R&D work is
done directly under client
contract.
The main R&D and production work takes place in Germany, we
have opened an office in Norway to better serve our main markets
there; oil, gas and aquaculture.
To accommodate our growth and better serve the aquaculture
market, we are currently splitting the corresponding activities in a new
entity, Franatech Aquaculture.
On our booth we will showcase our CO2 sensor in different versions and introduce an optode oxygen sensor.
GENERAL ENQUIRIES
Major
Sponsor
& Host
sarah-jane.day@aquaculture.org.au
CONFERENCE MANAGEMENT
worldaqua@aol.com
Conference
Sponsors
www.was.org
Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | IX
WAS Premier
Sponsors
Organisers
DESMI is a global pump company,

and being based in Denmark, has
very strong links with the aquaculture
industry, both throughout Scandinavia
and across the world. DESMI develop and
manufacture pumps and pumping systems for
marine, offshore, industrial and fishing applications, as well as to environmental equipment for
oil collection all over the world. DESMI's products
and solutions have been well known in the maritime
environment for more than 50 years, and during the last
30 years in the field of fish farming and aquaculture. It is with
pleasure we can state that the DESMI constantly get more satisfied
customers throughout the world, through our dedication to supply
the correct solutions, but also for the continued support that we
provide.
Choosing the right pumping technique is essential for the transport
of liquids:
Reduction in water and energy consumption
To reduce emissions from waste bi-products

Increase in water quality; which reduces disease and therefore
increases profitability
We offer pumping solutions where the environment and servicefriendly operations are an alternative to submersible pumps
DESMI pumps are surface-mounted, above the fluid level, so that
only the suction line is submerged in the liquid

The pump is, therefore, readily available at all times, and all
service can be performed without the need to raise the pump
or expose themselves to health hazards
Please do not hesitate to contact DESMI with any enquiry you may
have within the aquaculture industry, whether it is for water circulation, transport solutions or even the manufacture of feeds. We are
here to help.
For further information please contact:
Lee Roberts Industry Sales Manager
Website: - www.desmi.com
Now in our 25th year, we are a company that has built its business on constantly striving to make our dry suits the
best they can possibly be. Whilst, at the same time supporting our customers with a team of dedicated individuals that will deliver the very best customer service from beginning to end. These two core values have been the
foundation on which O'Three has built its reputation, a reputation which we
are told is second to none. A dry suit made of neoprene will afford the user
a greater degree of security than a dry suit made of tri-laminate or a membrane material. Protection, not only from the rigours and knocks of getting
in and out of the water, but
most importantly from winter
water temperatures that will
drop to single figures. A dry
suit from OThree will ensure
your personnel are using a
piece of PPE (CE Approved
EN 14225-2:2005) that will
be manoeuvrable, warm but
above all dry and reliable,
enabling them to concentrate
on the task in hand. In return, maximising and safeguarding your investment
above and below the water. If required all suits can be customized / modified for a particular task or individuals needs. Please come along to stand
No 15 where we will have our complete range of neoprene dry suits on
display and where we will be only too pleased to discuss any questions or
requirements you may have.
IMPEX AGENCY, founded in

1965, introduced the first egg
picker in the world in 1967.
The Winsorter is a high-quality sorting machine for eggs from trout and
salmon.
It has subsequently been developed and improved in close cooperation with fish farmers and the outcome is an extremely reliable machine
which fully meets a farmers stictest requirements.
Twenty years later we
introduced the first fry counter in the world and we can
count all sorts of fingerlings
from 0.2g up to 35g.
In 1998 we introduced the
worlds first live fish pump
equipped with speed adjustment. Our pumps can transport all sorts of fish from 0.2g up to 650g.
See all our products on Stand No 16.
Coastal Cages are a net company base in South West

Donegal. We are a fully owned
subsidiary of Swannet Gundry who is one of the strongest net firms
in the world.
At Coastal Cages we have over 25 years experience in the manufacture and supply of a wide range of products to the aquaculture industry
and fish farming industry. Our highly skilled workforce is expert in the
manufacture of all types of cage nets that are
used in the salmon and trout farming industry. With experience also in the manufacture
of lake nets, bird nets, etc. We also stock
a wide range of Chandlery such as chain,
shackles, ropes and all items required by the
modern Fish Farm.
Please come and visit us at our stand at
this years Aquaculture show in Aviemore.
Our representatives Martin Carr and Malachy
Murrin would be delighted to meet you and discuss our products with you.
Coastal Cages Ltd, Ballymoon, Kilcar, Co Donegal, Ireland
Kaycee Veterinary Products

is a UK-based family run
company that has designed,
built and supplied high quality vaccination equipment to the industry for
50 years. Kaycee is best known for its quintessential range of repeater
syringe guns that are instantly recognisable.
Well-built with quality precision components, and digitally calibrated in our factory,
the Kaycee syringes will give accurate and
repeatable doses time and time again.
A truly ergonomic and well-balanced
design allows for the highest rate of productivity available on the market, whilst noticeably reducing the risk of operator fatigue and
injury from RSI.
All of the components are available as spare parts, and as such the
Kaycee syringes will last for many years.
Kaycee will be showcasing their new Twin-Dose Syringe at
Aquaculture UK that has been developed in response to customer
demand. This syringe gun is capable of delivering two different viscosities and both channels can be independently set to deliver a dose of
either 0.05ml or 0.1ml.
X | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology
New
Plastics welding experts answer your questions at
Aquaculture UK 2014
TWI plastics welding trainers Andy Knight and Tony
Kraus will be available at Aquaculture 2014 to explore with companies
how to improve the skill level of their workforces, and to demonstrate
how proof of competency through certification can save money and
increase sales.
TWI is supporting the rapidly developing and worldwide aquaculture
industry by providing high quality training and approved certification in
plastics welding.
Polyethylene is increasingly becoming the material

of choice for pens, pontoons
and service boats. Due to
the harsh environmental conditions encountered by the
fish-farming industry, there is a risk that fabricated plastic pens
become damaged and in worst case, fail catastrophically. The most
likely cause of failure will be due to poor welding and fabrication of
the plastic pen. Therefore, it is essential that these pens are made
and, where needed, repaired by fully trained and qualified plastics
welding personnel.
TWI has been training and certificating plastics welders for over 20
years and now delivers tailor-made courses to the fish-farming industry in:
Hot gas and extrusion welding
Butt fusion and electrofusion welding.
In the last six months alone, TWI plastics welder trainers have been
globe-trotting to India, Kuwait, New Caledonia, Ireland and Scotland!
Although based at UK training centres in Cambridge and Teesside, TWI
works with clients to develop specialised courses that can be delivered
on site worldwide.
During Aquaculture 2014 Andy and Tony will be available to discuss:
Welding processes for the manufacture of fish-farming equipment
Techniques used for manufacturing robust offshore pens
Repair methods for fish-farming equipment, including work boats
Advantages of having trained and certificated welding personnel.
TWI, as a world expert in the field of plastics welding, has extensive
knowledge across the whole range of plastics welding processes, and
the internationally recognised CSWIP certification provides role-specific
competence for people engaged in welding and inspection especially
important in the fish-farming industry.
TWI is one of the worlds foremost independent research and
technology organisations, with expertise in solving problems in all aspects
of manufacturing, fabrication and whole-life integrity management technologies.
For more information, talk to Andy and Tony at Aquaculture 2014,
or visit http://plastics-weld-training.weebly.com, e-mail Scott Andrews at
scott.andrews@twi.co.uk or call on +44 1223 899569.
Calitri Technology, engineering company based in Belgium,

Specialised in the detection and counting for aquaculture.
We design and manufacture mainly fish counters with more than
25 years experience. Our old
fish counter C16, was distributed
for over 20 years by one large
French manufacturer of aquaculture equipment.
Now, we present our new
series of fish counters: FC2 (2
channels) - FC4 (4 channels) FC8 (8 channels) designed with
new technologies.
They have, in addition to
their counting accuracy of
98 percent for the different
fish sizes ranging from eight
to 900gr (depending on fish
counter type).
An autotest function that informs the user about the operating
status of electronic parts
All electronic parts of these fish counters are easily and quickly
replaceable by the user
Light robust accurate intelligent Rapid Maintenance
It replace advantageously our old fish counters C16.
Please find links below which provide
videos of our new fish counters:
Fish counter FC4 (4 channels counting) in functioning:
http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=FuN9zQIM9uM
Fish counter FC4 (4 channels
counting) use - maintenance:
http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=Y30X9pWTX5k&feature=
youtu.be
More information:
www.calitri-technology.com
Email:
info@calitri-technology.com
Pentair Aquatic Eco-Systems, Inc.

(PAES) of Apopka, USA, is the
largest source of aquatic products
and systems worldwide. Since 1978,
PAES has offered unmatched selection, service and solutions to the aquaculture community. PAES is your single-source partner for aquatic design,
products, engineering, technological innovation, technical support and
management consultation. With Pentair Aquatic Eco-Systems, youll have a
partner who understands your business and offers extraordinary solutions
that no one else can match. Our extensive services and product offerings
have established Pentair Aquatic Eco-Systems as the global leader in all
aspects of commercial aquaculture. Our team of technicians and biologists
provides service, expert advice, and troubleshooting and custom design
solutions to hobbyists and professionals alike. Many of the top aquatic
system designers around the world have used PAESs equipment, supplies,
expert advice and technical support for a variety of aquatic industries. Pentair
Aquatic Eco-Systems was formed by combining Aquatic Eco-Systems Inc.
and Point Four Systems Inc. into a single global operation under the guidance
of Pentair Ltd, a US$8 billion company delivering industry-leading products,
services, and solutions for its customers diverse needs in water and other
fluids, thermal management and equipment protection. For more information, visit PentairAES.com or call +1 877 347 4788.
Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | XI
Award
Who won in 2012?
NOVARTIS ANIMAL
HEALTH AQUA
SPONSORS YOUNG
SCIENTIST AWARD
FOR BEST STUDENT
PRESENTATION AT
AQUACULTUREUK 2014
ovartis Animal Health (NAH)

is to recognize the best
student presentation at this
years conference, with a
Young Scientist Award and an expenses
paid trip to its Prince Edward Island (PEI),
Canada, dedicated Aquaculture Research &
Development site. Novartis Animal Health
Aqua has a rich history of aquaculture
innovation and a demonstrated commitment to supporting ongoing growth of the
industry, said Matthias Hofer, Global Head
of Novartis Animal Health Aqua. To stay at
the forefront of aquaculture innovation, we
have significantly invested in our R&D facilities in Prince Edward Island, in our people
around the world, and also in endeavours
such as the Novartis Chair of Fish Health
at the University of Prince Edward Island
(UPEI) and the Sea Lice Research Centre in
Bergen. We believe that encouraging young,
In 2012, at the Aquaculture UK event a panel of judges presided over eight excellent
candidates who had come down to the final of the Novartis Young Scientist Award 2012.
The winning piece was from a bright young student completing his PhD at Stirling
University on the effects of environmental signals in marine fish welfare and development.
His name was Rogelio Sierra Flores, and he won the award for his presentation on how
noise can act as a stressor in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua).
It was a unanimous agreement by all the independent Judges as he gave a very clear
and concise demonstration on the direct relationship between extraneous noise and a
physiological stress reaction, which showed with an increase in cortisol levels in blood and
it followed through to highlight a reduced rate of egg fertilization.
The prize for winning was an all expenses paid educational trip to NAHs Aqua
research & development facility in PEI, Canada, which took place in July of 2012.
talented scientists is another important

part of building the future of our industry.
Whilst in Canada, the student will meet
leading NAHscientists, and have the opportunity to learn about fish vaccines, novel
pharmaceutical developments and revolutionary new technologies in fish health.
A visit to the Atlantic Veterinary College
at the University of Prince Edward Island,
where the Novartis Chair of Fish Health
is based, is also on the itinerary. We are
delighted to sponsor this Young Scientist
Award and look forward to welcoming
the winner to PEI to share knowledge
and interact with our own scientists, said
Hofer. Terms and conditions of entry are
as follows:
The closing date for
student applications is
10th May 2014
The selection of those
chosen to present
will be conducted by
the organisers and
Novartis whose decision will be final

The selected presenters will be so
informed by May
20th, 2014

Entrants must be
currently attending or
have attended in the
past 12 months an
educational institute
and be studying for a
degree, or conducting
university approved
research, in aquaculture or a subject
involving aquaculture
The presentation must
be the presenters
own and original work
In the case of certified
illness of the presenter
a nominated substitute
presenter will be allowed
XII | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology
The presentation must be no longer

than 30 minutes
A prcis/summary of the presentation
of no more than 200 words should
be submitted to the organisers with
the applicants full name, address and
contact details before 10 May, 2014
Applicants will be provided with one
nights accommodation at the Macdonald
Highland Resort or nearby in Aviemore,
the organisers will book this
Applicants should make and pay for their
own travel arrangements to Aviemore
for the 28th May.
The winner will be announced at the
Gala Dinner on the evening of 28th May
All entrants selected to present will be
invited to the dinner
panel comprising the conference
A
Chairman, a judge nominated by
Novartis and an independent judge will
supply judging by a Scottish University.
The judges decision will be final
Novartis Animal Health will provide:
The prize will consist of an expense paid
trip to Prince Edward Island, Canada to
visit their dedicated aquaculture research
site in July 2014 on dates stipulated by
Novartis.
The award only covers travel to PEI,
which originates and ends in the United
Kingdom
There will be no cash alternative
Contact
davidmack@aquacultureuk.
com with your application for the award.
Novartis Animal Health is a leader in
developing new and better ways to prevent
and treat diseases in pets and farm animals
including fish. In 2009, Novartis Animal
Health invested US$100 million US dollars
into R&D leading to a US$1.2 million USD
dollar expansion of the Prince Edward
Island facilities, which open this summer.
For more information visit:
www.novartis.co.uk
Gala Dinner
HELD IN THE OSPREY ARENA AT 7.30P.M ON 28th MAY
Enjoy a delicious three course meal, plus cheeseboard, coffee and wine for only 40 per person
This year it will be held in the Osprey Arena. The Arena bar will open from 6.30pm. Pre dinner entertainment will be provided by the
Highland Youth Ceilidh Band who were a great hit in 2012.
At the dinner the Novartis Young Scientist Award will be presented. After dinner, all round entertainer Tam Cowan will be speaking.
Tam is one of Scotland's favourite television and radio presenters, and is a top newspaper columnist and restaurant reviewer. From his
home town of Motherwell, Tam Cowan showed early promise as a comedy writer, gaining credits from Radio 2's Week Ending show
whilst still at school. He was soon appearing in print with his popular football columns in Glasgow's Evening Times. Tam caught the attention of Radio Scotland and has been at the helm of their most popular show, Off the Ball, since 1994 with his acerbic wit and common
touch. He was joined by co-host Stuart Cosgrove in 1995 and between them they've notched up two coveted Sony awards with their
Friday and Saturday football shows.
Individual tickets cost 40. Companies can book tables for 350. Check out the seating plan below for availability.
Feel free to mingle before and after dinner with the International Aquafeed team (we're at Stand 81) or meet us at our table which is
clearly marked on the plan below.
To book a table or for individual places please either send a cheque to the organisers (receipts will be sent) or contact
David Mack (davidmack@aquacultureuk.com) to be invoiced.
Only a limited number of tickets will be available at the conference.
As of mid March only 70 of the 300 seats remain, so hurry and book now to ensure you do not miss out on this great night!
Come and visit us at the

Gala Dinner, on table 29
I
AQUA
FEED
Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | XIII
The aquafeed interview
The aquafeed interview

A
quaculture UK is an event that has come of age. It is almost exclusively focused and serving the Scottish salmon farming industry
but has strong links to Europe, Northern Europe specifically and Norway in particular. As Scottish salmon farming has grown so
to has this bi-anneal event. Aquaculture UK has become a meeting point for industry, allowing for the necessary exchange of ideas,
developments and information that is so essential to continued growth. There is just one man behind Aquaculture UK - he is David
Mack and is familiar to us all. IAF has invited him to answer a question or two about how he initiated an event that has developed
into such an important venue for the fishing industry in the UK, and what the future holds should Scotlands claim for independence
succeed.
What is your background in aquaculture

and why did you set about organising an
event such as Aquaculture UK, why select
Aviemore for its location and is there a
philosophical aspect to its development?
Having been in the fish processing industry since 1975 when
I was approached by Skretting in 1988 to start up a UK
subsidiary of Aquatess, going into aquaculture seemed a natural
step.
Traditional fishing and processing were declining in the UK
whereas aquaculture was new, exciting and possibly (as we
now know) the future. There was real feeling that we were
pioneers and indeed some of the kit then was as outmoded
compared to today's as covered wagons are to hybrid cars.
In 2006 UK aquaculture companies had become very
dissatisfied with the trade show then held in Glasgow. I was just
on the point of retiring and saw an opportunity to bring the
event back to it's roots and meet the wishes of the industry for
a "freshening up".
David Mack, Organiser, Aquaculture UK
AquaUK's predecessor show had initially been held all over

Scotland, but by 2006 there was little appetite for holding it in
Glasgow, far away from where the industry operated.
A quick canvass of attendees at the Glasgow show that
year showed almost total unanimity for a move back to the
Highlands. Aviemore, where it had been held before, is the
town with the best exhibition and conference facilities and is
centrally placed as a location so seemed a natural fit.
On the question of philosophy there is not much; simply
opportunism and the urge to have a go!
How do you see the reach of the

event? Is it a Scotland/UK event
only or is it fully international?
What is the theme for this year's event

and why should people attend (how
many people expected)? And what
conferences, seminar are you planning?
This year's conference has the first day devoted to the Novartis
Young Scientist Competition with a very valuable prize for the
winner.
The theme of the second day is: "Challenges and opportunities
for Scottish Aquaculture". Presentations on that day will include
ones on possible land-based systems, offshore and renewable
technology and the threat from invasive species.
Is the economy recovering in terms of

aquaculture? What is the future of the
event? Should Scotland go independent
will that impact your event in future?
Aquaculture and ignoring one offs like the disease problems
in Chile a few years back - has had an unvaryingly upward
growth trend globally which has often been at variance with the
economic trend in the countries of activity.
In Scotland we have had several years of rapid growth even
during the recession and this is reflected by the growth in the
show.
The current UK recovery can only help maintain that growth I
believe.
And, though it pains me to say this as someone bitterly
opposed to Scottish independence, I doubt that it would make
the slightest difference to the industry. The show's growth
will follow the industries' growth irrespective of who runs the
country.
In Europe and the Americas the major species grown is salmon.

The major players in the feed, equipment and growing sectors
of the industry are Scandinavian and Chilean. So it is no surprise
that exhibitors at the major trade events like AquaNor and
AquaSur reflect that.
However, they predominantly attract local hands-on attendees,
but with a very significant international presence. AquaUK is
no different. Over 25 nationalities usually attend reflecting that
multi-nationalism . So it is like its bigger overseas sister shows in
terms of scope.
XIV | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology
An extended version of this interview can

be found on the Aquaculturists blog.
Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | XV
VIV China 2014

September 23-25, 2014 | Beijing, China
SAVE
THE DATE
The international Feed-to-Meat
platform for mainland China
Dedicated to its continued heritage, Bibury Trout Farm proudly maintains its
conservation efforts stocking local rivers, reservoirs and lakes throughout the
United Kingdom.
Three-fourths of its fish production, backed by local fishing syndicates, goes
towards this process; restocking rainbow and brown trout at all stages of life.
Although Bibury Trout Farm only uses one-fourth of its fish production for direct
market sales, it still produces approximately 125 tonnes of trout annually for
consumption.
See the full story of our visit to Bibury Trout farm on page 39 of this edition.
FEATURE
Dietary biological additives effect on

feed utilization in Nile tilapia
by Abdelhamid, A.M. Animal Production Deptartment, Facilty. of Agriculture, Al-Mansourah University, Al-Mansourah, Egypt; and
M.E.A. Seden and O.A. Zenhom, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbasa, Abo-Hammad, Egypt
he research of probiotics for

aquatic animals is increasing with
the demand for environment
friendly aquaculture.
Probiotics were defined as live microbial feed supplements that bio-control and
antagonist pathogens. The most promising
prospects are sketched out, but considerable efforts of research will be necessary
to develop the applications to aquaculture
(Castillo, 2008).
Since, natural agriculture or organic farming
is a return to working with, but not against,
nature (Abdelhamid, 2002), therefore, the
microbiota management tools of probiotics,
prebiotics and synbiotics have been developed and, indeed, commercialised over the
few decades with the expressed purpose
of increasing number of bifidobacteria and/
or lactobacilli within the gastrointestinal tract
(Tuohy et al., 2003).
So, a feeding experiment was conducted
to examine the effects of dietary administration of Bacillus subtilis on feed utilisation of
juvenile large yellow croaker, Larimichthys
crocea (mean initial body weight 7.82 g
0.68).
The results showed that dietary supplementation of 1.35107 cfu g1 B. subtilis
significantly (P 0.05) increased the feed
efficiency ratio (FER) compared with the
groups without B. subtilis supplementation (Ai
et al., 2011).
The present work aimed to study the
effects of some commercial pre-and probiotics at different dietary graded levels on feed
utilization by Nile tilapia fish.
Materials and methods
All the experimental conditions, diets and

facilities were as mentioned in Abdelhamid
et al. (2013). The 1st and 2nd additives used
were the prebiotic Aqua Superzyme and the
probiotic Garlen Allicin, each at 0.01, 0.02 and
0.03% of the diet. The 3rd additive used was
the probiotic Diamond V-Original XPC at 0.4,
0.5 and 0.6% of the diet, besides the control
without additives.
Digestibility trails
bohydrate and lipid, respectively (Garling and

Wilson, 1976).
Every morning of the last two experimental weeks, feaces were collected by
siphoning, separated from water, and stored Feed utilization
at -20 C for analysis. Apparent digestibility
Feed conversion ration (FCR) and feed
coefficients (ADC) of crude
protein, ether extract crude
Table 1: Feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and nutrients
fiber, ash and nitrogen free
utilization of Nile tilapia (O.niloticus) fed the Aqua Superzyme
extract were determined
experimental diets
using the direct method
Treat
FI (g)
FCR
FE (%)
PER
PPC (%)
EU (%)
according to Lovell (1989)
by using the following equa2.11a 47.41b 1.57b 26.89c
20.44a
Cont. 61.04c
tion:
1 73.84a
b
a
a
a
A
1.76
56.91
1.89
37.30
21.22a
ADC = 100 [(nutrient
A2 66.79b
1.86b 53.69a 1.78a 34.43a
23.08a
intake nutrient in feaces) /
3 65.42b
b
a
a
a
A
1.88
53.37
1.77
32.61
21.06a
nutrient intake]
P>F 0.0002 0.0024 0.0021 0.0023 0.005
0.231
Chemical analysis of diets
and faeces:
SE
1.05
0.042
1.11
0.037
1.43
0.85
Faeces were collected in a
a-c: means in the same column having different letters are significantly
petery dish for each fish group.
(P0.05) different.
Uneaten feed and water were
separated from the collected
utilization of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fed the Garlen Allicin
faeces, homogenised and
experimental diets
stored in plastic bags at -20
Treat
FI (g)
FCR
FE (%)
PER
PPC (%)
EU (%)
oC for chemical analysis.
The tested diets and faeces
2.11a 47.41b 1.57b
26.89c
20.44a
Cont. 61.04c
were analyzed in triplicates.
G1 80.04a
1.55c
64.46a 2.13a 43.26a
24.68a
Chemical analysis of feed and
G2 74.22b
1.80b 55.54b 1.84b
34.0b
21.45a
faeces was carried out accord3 69.87c
b
bc 1.71bc 32.33bc
ing to the methods described
G
1.93
51.75
21.12a
by A.O.A.C. (1990) for dry
P>F 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0016
0.148
matter, crude protein, ether
SE
0.97
0.043
1.34
0.044
1.83
1.23
extract, crude fiber and ash.
a-d: means in the same column having different letters are significantly
Nitrogen free extract (carbo(P0.05) different.
hydrate) content was calculated by subtraction the total
percentages of CP, EE, CF and
utilization of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fed the Diamond V (Original
ash from 100.
XPC) experimental diets
The gross energy contents
Treat
FI (g)
FCR
FE (%)
PER
PPC (%) EU (%)
of the experimental diets and
2.11a
47.41b
1.57b
26.89c 20.44a
Cont. 61.04c
fish samples were calculated
1 89.95b
b
a
a
by using factors of 5.65, 9.45
XPC
1.59
62.69
2.08
40.25a 24.55a
and 4.2 Kcal/g of protein, lipid
XPC2 99.80a
1.55b
64.54a
2.14a 42.97a 25.33a
and carbohydrate, respective3 83.57c
b
a
XPC
1.58
63.03
2.09a 39.82a 25.08a
ly (NRC, 1993).
P>F 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
0.034
Digestible energy content
SE
1.31
0.033
1.02
0.034
1.183
0.74
was calculated from standard
physiological fuel values as 4,
a-d: means in the same column having different letters are significantly
(P0.05) different.
4 and 9Kcal/g of protein, car26 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014
FEATURE
efficiency percent (FE%) were calculated
according to the following equations:
FCR = Feed intake (g)/Weight gain (g)
FE% = (Weight gain (g)/feed intake) X 100
Protein utilization:
Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein
productive value (PPV%) were calculated
according to the following equations:
PER = Weight gain (g) / Protein intake (g)
PPV% = {( Retained protein (g))/(protein
intake (g))} X 100
Energy utilization (NRC, 1993):
Gross
energy retention (GER%) =
{(Energy gain (Kcal))/GE intake (kcal))} X100
Digestible energy retention (DER%) =
{(Energy gain (Kcal))/DE intake (kcal))} X100
Metabolizable energy retention (MER%) =
{ (Energy gain (Kcal))/ME intake (kcal))} X100
Statistical analysis:
Data obtained were analyzed using oneway analysis of variance which was performed
according to SAS (2006). Differences were subjected to Duncans (1955) multible range test.
Results and discussion
Feed utilization: Mean values are given in

Tables 1-3 for feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), protein
efficiency ratio (FER), protein productive value
(PPV) and energy utilization (EU) for Nile
tilapia fish fed the experiTable 4: Comparison (T*L) among feed consumption, feed conversion
ratio and nutrients utilization by Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fed Aqua
mental diets which were
Superzyme, Garlen Allicin, and Diamond V-Original XPC experimental
supplemented with the
diets
tested pre-and probiotics
T*L
FI (g)
FCR
FE (%)
PER
PPV (%) EU (%)
at their different graded
levels.
These Tables reflect
2.11a
47.41d
1.57d
26.89d
20.44c
Cont 61.04h
significant (P0.05) dif1*1 73.84e
1.76c
56.91b
1.89b 37.30bc 21.22c
ferences among levels of
1*2 66.79fg 1.86bc
53.69bc 1.78bc
34.43c 23.08abc
each additive tested for all
g
bc
bc
bc
1*3 65.42
1.88
53.37
1.77
32.61c
21.06c
criteria tested comparing
2*1 80.07d
1.55d
64.46a
2.13a
43.26a 24.68ab
with the control, except
c
b
b
EU of the 1st two addi2*2 74.22
1.80
55.54
1.84
34.0c
21.45bc
tives (Aqua Superzyme
2*3 69.87f
1.93b
51.75c
1.71c
32.33c
21.12c
and Garlen Allicin, Tables
b
d
a
a
ab 24.55ab
3*1 89.95
1.59
62.69
2.08
40.25
1 and 2, respectively).
a
d
a
a
3*2 99.80
1.55
64.54
2.14
42.97a
25.33a
The dietary inclusion of
3*3 83.57c
1.58d
63.03
2.09a 39.82ab 25.08a
the tested pre- and probiotics led to significantly
P>F 0.0001 0.0001
0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
(P0.05) increased FI, FE,
SE
1.17
0.037
1.182
0.039
1.60
1.04
PER, PPV and EU besides
a-h: means in the sme column having different letters are significantly
improving the FCR com(P<0.05) different
paring with their controls.
graded levels into isonitrogenous-isocaloricThe significantly (P
0.05) best results were calculated for the diets of tilapia fish for 112 days.
The obtained results revealed the supetreatments A1, G1, and XPC2. Yet, Table 4
(comparison among additives and their levels) riority of the Avian Plus containing diets,
shows the overall significantly (P0.05) best particularly at level of 25mg/kg feed which
treatment was 2*1, i.e. G1, Garlen Allicin at led to significantly (P0.05) best feed intake,
feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein intake,
0.01 percent of the diet.
In an indoor experiment, the prebiotic protein productive value and protein effiAvian Plus was evaluated by adding it at
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2530 May 2014
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Professor of Nutrition, Former INRA
Director Institut National de la Recherche
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Professor, University of Idaho, College of
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United States of America
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FEATURE
Table 5: Apparent diestibility coefficient (ADC%) of nutrients
the diets supplemented with the prebiotic (Aqua Superzyme)
Treat
DM
CP
EE
CF
NFE
Control
85.53c
96.52c
76.09c
68.60d
81.35c
A1
94.29a
98.14a
89.67a
92.65a
92.67a
A2
92.09b
97.36b
85.30b
87.81b
90.56b
A3
92.11b
97.19b
85.68b
83.33c
91.27b
P>F
0.0001
0.002
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
SE
0.29
0.18
0.78
0.69
0.32
a-d: means in the same column having different letters are

significantly (P0.05) different
Table 6: Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC%) of
nutrients the diets supplemented with the probiotic (Garlen
Allicin)
Treat
DM
CP
EE
CF
NFE
Control
85.53b
96.52b
76.09b
68.60b
81.35c
G1
91.68a
97.43a
84.81a
85.94a
89.94ab
G2
90.12a
96.66ab
81.05a
81.66a
88.48b
G3
91.83a
96.91ab
83.11a
83.64a
91.01a
P>F
0.0001
0.122
0.0042
0.0001
0.0001
SE
0.546
0.246
1.187
1.1471
0.686
a-c: means in the same column having different letters are

Table 7: Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC%) of
nutrients the diets supplemented with the probiotic (Diamond
V-Original XPC)
Treat
DM
CP
EE
CF
NFE
Control
85.53c
96.52c
76.09d
68.60d
81.35c
XPC1
93.04a
97.95a
86.75b
87.28b
91.76a
XPC2
93.85a
98.41a
88.98a
92.49a
92.33a
XPC3
91.60b
97.24b
82.53c
83.05c
90.57b
P>F
0.0001
0.0002
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
SE
0.27
0.16
0.46
0.63
0.36
a-d: means in the same column having different letters are

Table 8: Comparison (T*L) among apparent diestibility coefficient
(ADC%) of nutrients of the diets supplemented with Aqua
Superzyme, Garlen Allicin, and Diamond -VOriginal XPC.
T*L
DM
CP
EE
CF
NFE
Control
85.53e
96.52e
76.09g
68.60e
81.35e
1*1
94.29a
98.14a
89.67a
92.65a
92.67a
1*2
92.09bc
97.36c
85.30cde
87.81d
90.56bc
1*3
92.11bc
97.19cd
85.68cd
83.33cd
91.27abc
2*1
91.68bc
97.43bc
84.81cde
85.94bc
89.94cd
2*2
90.12d
96.66de
81.05f
81.56d
88.48
2*3
91.83bc
96.91cde
83.11def
83.64ed
91.01abc
3*1
93.04ab
97.95ab
86.75bc
87.28b
91.76ab
3*2
93.85a
98.41a
88.98ab
92.49a
92.33a
3*3
91.60c
97.42cd
82.53ef
83.05cd
90.57bc
P>F
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
SE
0.430
0.182
0.941
1.041
0.532
a-g: means in the same column having different letters are

ciency ratio comparing with

the control (Abdelhamid et al.,
2011).
Amer (2012) concluded that
Diamond V XP (inactive yeast
a commercial product containing 100% dried Saccharomyces
Cerevisae) could be used successfully as feed additive for feeding
Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
without any adverse effects on
their feed utilization.
Also, results obtained showed
that using Diamond V XP at level
(1.5g) had the best results on feed
utilisation with levels of protein
(30%).
Moreover, it could be suggested that dietary supplement
with Diamond V XP (1.5g) is
useful in the intensive production
system of fish.
Hassan (2013) and Khalil et
al. (2013) obtained results concerning the effects of the probiotic Hydroyeast Aquaculture on
adult male O. niloticus showed
that the 15g/kg diet realised best
significantly (P0.05) values for
feed and nutrients utilisation. So,
based on the obtained results, the
optimum level of the tested probiotic Hydroyeast Aquaculture
was depinding on fish sex.
Apparent digestibility: The
digestibility coefficients for different dietary organic nutrients were
calculated at the end of the experimental period and given in Tables
5, 6 and 7 for the three perarations
used (Aqua Superzyme, Garlen
Allicin, and Diamond V-Original
XPC, respectively).
The ADC percentages were
increased significantly (P0.05)
by the dietary inclusion of these
tested additives comparing with
the controls (without the tested
additives).
However, the significantly
(P0.05) best level within each
treatment was A1, G1, and XPC2,
respectively. The CF followed by
EE were more positively affected
than the other nutrients digestibility. The comparison (Table 8)
among additives and their levels
on ADC clears that the significantly (P0.05) best treatment
and level was 1*1, i.e. Aqua
Superzyme at 0.01% of the diet
for ADC of all nutrients, comparing with the other additives and
levels.
Lara-Flores et al. (2003) evalu-
ated the effects of probiotics on growth

performance in Nile tilapia.
The probiotics used based either upon
Streptococcus faecium and Lactobacillus
acidophilus or Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Results indicated that the fry fed diets with
a probiotics supplement exhibited greater
growth than those led the control diet without probiotic.
Of all probiotic treatments, yeast was an
appropriate growth stimulating additive in
tilapia cultivation. The authors stated that the
increased growth rate as a positive response
to added probiotics could be attributed to
increased efficiency of existing digestive processes or by promoting the digestion of previously indigestible substances. In addition,
probiotics may have a protein sparing effect.
Energy retention: Data of the energy
retention (GER, gross energ retention; DER,
digestible energy retention; and MER, metabolizable energy retention) by the tested fish fed
the experimented material are given in Tables
9, 10, and 11, respectively.
All forms of energy utilization were
increased significantly (P 0.05) by dietary inclusion of the tested agents. A2, G1,
and XPC2 were the best (in an ascending
order) among their corresponding levels. The
comparison among treatments (Table 12)
revealed that best energy retention was realized by the treatment of XPC2.
Magouz et al. (2002) concluded that adding Lacto-Sacc at 4 g/kg diet of O. niloticus
was the optimum for producing the best feed
and protein utilization.
Also, El-Ebiary and Zaki (2003) showed
that feed and nutrients utilization was
improved with increasing the level of active
yeast up to 3g/kg of the diet.
Since using pre-and probiotics improve
the gut health (Tuohy et al., 2003). However,
pro-nutrients can benefit animal health and
performance through improving availability
or utilization of nutrients in a variety of ways
(Staykov et al., 2005).
Therefore, El-Haroun et al. (2006) reported significantly (P0.01) enhancement in nutrients utilization (protein efficiency ratio, protei
productive value, and energy retention) by
Nile tilapia fed diets included Biogen than
the control.
Moreover, Yanbo and Zirong (2006) and
Suzer et al. (2008) showed that probiotics highly increased the digestive enzyme
activities and decreased feed conversion ratio.
Additionally, El-Haroun (2007) found that
Biogen improved the feed conversion by
African catfish comparing with the control.
Feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio
were improved too by using Biogen in Nile
tilapia diets (Mohamed et al., 2007). Bio-Mos
in diets of carp, rainbow trout and European
catfish decreased the feed conversion ratio
(Barbu et al., 2008).
FEATURE
References
Abdelhamid, A.M. (2002). Organic

Farming. Proc. 2nd Conf. on Food borne
Contamination and Egyptians Health, April
23 - 24, Mansoura Fac. Agric., pp: 69 77.
Abdelhamid, A.M.; M.E. A.Seden and
O.A.Zenhom (2013). Effect of different
sources and levels of some dietary biological
additives on: I- growth performance and production economy of nile tilapia fish. J. Animal
and Poultry Production, Mansoura University,
4: 615-634.
Abdelhamid, A. M.; Soliman, A. A. A. and
Maghraby, N. A. (2011). Evaluation of using
the prebiotic avian plus in tilapia fish diet.
Egyptian J. Nutrition and Feeding, 14 (3):
537-546.
Ai, Q.; Xu, H., Mai, K., Xu, W., Wang,
J. and Zhang, W. (2011). Effects of dietary
supplementation of Bacillus subtilis and fructooligosaccharide on growth performance,
survival, non-specific immune response and
disease resistance of juvenile large yellow
croaker, Larimichthys crocea. Aquaculture,
317: 155161.
Amer, A.A.A.M. (2012). Effect of different
levels of protein and probiotics on productive
performance of fresh water fishes. M.Sc., Fac.
Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ.
A.O.A.C. (1990): "Association of China!
Agricultural Chemists" Official methods of
analysis. 15th Ed.. Published by the A.O.A.C..

Beatnin Franklin Station, Washington. D.C.
Barbu, A.; Sara, A., Alina, A. And Bentea, M.
(2008). The effect of some fodder additives
on production of different fish species. Buletin
USAMV-CN, 65 (1-2): 1-9.
Castillo, M. (2008). Blocking pathogens
with Bacillus strains. Feed-Mix, 16 (5): 19.
Duncan, D. (1955). Multiple range and
multiple F-tests. Biometrics, 11: 1-42.
El-Ebiary, E.H. and Zaki, M.A. (2003). Effect
of supplementing active yeast to the diets
on growth performance, nutrient utilization,
whole body composition and blood constituents of monosex tilapia (Oreochromis
niloticus). Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. & Fish., 7(1):
127139.
EL-Haroun, E.R. (2007). Improved growth
rate and feed utilization in farmed African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) thought
a growth promoter Biogen supplementation.
Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2:
319-327.
EL-Haroun, E.R., Goda, A. MA-S and Kabir
Chowdhury, M.A. (2006). Effect of dietary probiotic Biogen supplementation as a growth
promoter on growth performance and feed
utilization of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
(L.). Aquaculture Research, 37: 1473-1480.
Garling, D. L. and Wilson, R. P.(1976).
Optimum dietary protein to energy ratio for
Channel catfish fingerlings, Ictalurus punctatus.
Table 9: Energy utilization of Nile tilapia

(O. niloticus) fed the Aqua Superzyme
experimental diets
Treat.
GER %
DER %
MER %
Cont.
12.56b
15.01b
23.47b
A1
15.53a
18.37a
28.49a
A2
15.64a
18.52a
28.58a
A3
13.88ab
16.41ab
25.23ab
P>F
0.0286
0.0301
0.0500
0.749
1.25
SE
0.631
a-b: means in the same column having

different letters are significantly (P0.05)
different
Table 10: Energy utilization of Nile
tilapia (O. niloticus) fed the Garlen Allicin
experimental diets
Treat.
GER %
DER %
MER %
Cont.
12.56c
15.01c
23.47c
G1
19.65a
23.27a
35.66a
G2
15.95b
18.85b
29.17b
G3
14.26bc
16.86bc
25.74bc
P>F
0.005
0.0005
0.0008
0.809
1.29
SE
0.677
a-c: means in the same column having

different letters are significantly (P0.05)
different
innovaTion DisTinguishes BeTween a leaDer anD a follower.

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FEATURE
Table 11: Energy utilization of Nile

tilapia (O. niloticus) fed the Diamond
V (Original XPC) experimental diets
Treat.
GER %
DER %
MER %
Journal of Nutrition.,
(106) : 1368-1375.
G1 21.41b 25.39b 37.68b
Hassan,
M.E.M.
2 24.76a 29.42a 45.01a
(2013). Physiological
G
Studies
on
Fish
G3 20.38b 24.17b 36.83b
Production.
M.Sc.
P>F 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
Thesis, Fac. Agric.,
SE
0.689 0.816
1.069
Al-Mansoura Univ.
a-c: means in the same column
Khalil, F.F.; Mehrim,
having different letters are
A.I.
and
Hassan,
M.E.M.
(2013).
Effect of Hydroyeast
Aquaculture as growth promoter for adult Nile tilapia
Oreochromis niloticus. Engormix.com, 10 p.
Lara-Flores, M., Olvera-Novoa, M.A., Guzmn-Mndez,
B.E. and Lpez-Madrid, W. (2003). Use of the bacteria
Streptococcus faecium and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and the
yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as growth promoters in Nile
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture, 216: 193201.
Lovell, R.T. (1989). Fish culture in United States. Science, 206:
1386 - 1392.
Magouz, F.I., Mohsen, M.K. and Gooda, A.H. (2002). Effect of
including some biological feed additives in the diet on growth
performance and feed efficiency of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Proc. 2nd Conf. Foodborne Contamination and Egyptians
Health, April 23 24, El-Mansoura Univ., pp: 329 339.
Mohamed, K.A., Abdel Fattah, B. and Eid, A.M.S. (2007).
Evaluation of using some feed additives on growth performance and feed utilization of monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis
niloticus) fingerlings. Agricultural Research Journal, Suez Canal
University, 7: 49-54.
NRC (National Research Council) (1993). Nutrient requirements of fish. Committee on Animal Nutrition Board on Agriculture.
National Academy Press, Washington DC., USA. 114pp.
SAS (2006). SAS statistical guide for personal computer, SAS
Institute Inc. Cary, NC.
Staykov, Y., Spring, P. and Denev, S. (2005). Influence of dietary Bio-Mos on growth, survival and immune status of rainbow
trout (Salmo gairdneri irideus G.) and common carp (Cyprinus
carpio L.). Nutrional Biotechnology in the Feed and Food
Industries: Proceedings of Alltech's 21th Annual Symposium,
Nottingham University Predd, UK, pp: 333-343.
Suzer, C.; Coban, D., Kamaci, H.O., Saka, S., Firat, K.,
Otgucuoglu, . and Kksari, H. (2008). Lactobacillus spp.
Bacteria as probiotics in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.)
larvae: Effects on growth performance and digestive enzyme
activities. Aquaculture, 280: 140-145.
Cont.
12.56c
15.01c
23.47c
FEATURE
ADDITIVES FOR AQUACULTURE SOLUTIONS

Table 12: Comparison among energy
utilization by Nile tilapia (O. niloticus)
fed the Aqua Superzyme, Garlen
Allicin, and Diamond V-Original XPC
experimental diets
Treat.
DER %
MER %
Cont.
Tuohy, K. M., Probert,

H. M., Smejkal, C. W. and
Gibson, G. R. (2003). Using
probiotics and prebiotics to
improve gut health. DDD,
8: 692 700 (www.drugdiscoverytoday.com).
Yanbo, W. and Zirong,
X. (2006). Effect of probiotics for common carp
(Cyprinus carpio) based
on growth performance
and digestive enzyme
activities.Animal
Feed
Science and Technology,
127: 283-292
GER %
12.56d
15.01d
23.47e
1*1
12.65d
15.01d
23.47e
1*2
15.53c
18.37c
28.49cd
1*3 13.88cd 16.41cd
25.23de
2*1
19.65b
23.27b
35.66b
2*2
15.95c
18.85c
29.17c
2*3
14.26
16.86cd 25.74cde
3*1
21.41b
25.39b
37.68b
3*2
24.76a
29.42a
45.01a
3*3
20.38b
24.17b
36.38b
P>F
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
SE
0.687
0.812
1.191
a-e: means in the same column

having different letters are significantly
(P0.05) different
NUTRACEUTICALS AND PHYTOBIOTICS

FOR AQUACULTURE
Growth promoters
Anti-parasites
Attractants
Hepatoprotectors
Antioxidants
Detoxifiers
Chelated minerals
Summary
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary graded

levels of Aqua Superzyme, Garlen Allicin and Diamond V (Original
XPC) on feed utilisation by Nile tilapia fish for 16 weeks. Dietary inclusion of the tested pre-and probiotics improved significantly (P0.05)
all criteria measured including feed utilisation parameters, digestibility
and energy retention. The significantly (P0.05) best results of feed
utilisation were calculated for the treatments Aqua Superzyme at
0.01%, Garlen Allicin at 0.01%, and Diamond V-Original XPC at 0.5%
of the diet. Yet, the comparison among additives and their levels
shows that the overall significantly (P 0.05) best treatment was
Garlen Allicin at 0.01% of the diet. Concerning the digestibility, the
significantly (P 0.05) best level within each treatment was also Aqua
Superzyme at 0.01%, Garlen Allicin at 0.01% and Diamond V-Original
XPC at 0.5% of the diet, respectively.
The CF followed by EE were more positively affected than
the other nutrients digestibility. The comparison among additives
and their levels on ADC clears that the significantly (P 0.05)
best treatment and level was Aqua Superzyme at 0.01% of the
diet for ADC of all nutrients, comparing with the other additives
and levels. Aqua Superzyme at 0.02%, Garlen Allicin at 0.01% and
Diamond V-Original XPC at 0.5% of the diet, respectively were
the best in energy retention (in an ascending order) among their
corresponding levels. The comparison among treatments revealed
that best energy retention was realised by the treatment of
Diamond V-Original XPC at 0.5% of the diet.
Generally, it is recommended to add Garlen Allicin at 0.01% of
the tilapia diet to improve its feed and nutrients utilisation.
C/ San Romualdo 12-14 28037 Madrid (Spain)

+34 902 15 77 11 +34 91 725 08 00
liptosa@liptosa.com www.liptosa.com
FEATURE
Fish feed industry in Egypt:

constraints and solutions
by Professor Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed, Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
quaculture has a long history in

Egypt, and been practiced in the
Nile Valley for human consumption since 2500 BC.
In modern history, commercial aquaculture

started in the mid-1950s of the last century,
with the construction of a tilapia farm in 1957.
Since then, aquaculture industry has been
growing at a steady rate until late 1990s.
Afterwards, the industry witnessed an outstanding growth and substantial development.
As a result, aquaculture production
increased from only 139,389 tonnes in 1998
to over one million tonnes in 2012. While
the production of capture fisheries remained
almost stable at about 300,000 to 400,000
tonnes during the same period.
It is no surprise, therefore, that current
aquaculture production contributes about 75
percent to total fish production in Egypt.
Sixteen fish groups (seven freshwater and
nine marine/brackishwater species) and one
crustacean species (shrimp), belonging to 12
families, are currently cultured in Egypt.
However, only three fish groups (tilapia,
carps and mullets) represent 95 percent of
total aquaculture production.
Moreover, Nile tilapia alone contributes
over 62 percent percent to production quota.
Earthen-pond rearing
Traditionally, semi-intensive culture in

earthen ponds has been, and still is being
by far, the most important farming system
in Egypt; contributing about 75 percent to
total aquaculture production, followed by
fish farming in floating cages culture (20
percent).
Pond fertilization and supplemental feeds
are the major nutrient inputs in this system.
However, there has been a gradual shift
from semi-intensive, low input system to

toward more intensive systems which increases the demand for processed feed and fish
seeds. As a result, the fish feed industry in
Egypt has gone parallel to the production
approach.
Commercial fish feed industry
Commercial aquaculture feed manufacturing in Egypt started in the early 1990s by the
General Authority for Fisheries Resources
Development (GAFRD), with two mediumscale fish feedmills.
By 2000, there were only five governmental mills producing about 20,000 tonnes of
pressed fish feed per year. During the past
decade, the sector has witnessed an outstanding expansion, with a significant engagement
of the private sector.
Recent surveys indicated that there are
nine state-owned fish feedmills and over
50 registered private feedmills distributed
throughout the country, particularly in the
areas of, or close to, the aquaculture production.
Nonetheless, no accurate official data is
available on the current fish feed production.
However, the current production has been
estimated at about 900,000-1,000,000 tonnes
per year.
The production cycle is about six-to-eight
months (April/May-September/October).
About 80 percent of this production is in the
form of compressed feed while the remaining
20 percent are extruded feeds.
Compressed feeds are generally cheaper
than extruded feeds but they are of lower
quality. The average feed conversion ratio
(FCR) of compressed feed is two compared
to an FCR of 1:1.5 of extruded feeds.
About 95 percent of the produced feeds
contain 25 percent crude protein (CP), while
the remaining five percent contain 30, 32 and

35 percent CP and are generally produced
upon the farmers request.
In addition, few tonnes of feed containing
less than 40 percent CP are also produced for
larval feeding or marine fish feeding.
About 90 percent of fish feeds consumed
in Egypt are produced by the private sector,
while only 10 percent is produced by stateowned holding companies which own nine
mills producing both animal feeds and fish
feeds.
These manufacturing plants produce
both pelleted and extruded pellets for various marine and freshwater fish species. The
production capacities of these mills range
from 5000-30,000 metric tonnes per year,
with an average of about 15,000 tonnes
per mill.
There are also more than 200 small-scale
pelleting units, each with an annual production
capacity of 1000 4000 tonnes of fish feeds.
These milling units are generally locally
made, and use simple technologies and generally are not equipped with air driers. The
majority of these pelleting units are not
registered, and therefore, their production is
generally not recorded or reported.
They also offer the service of pelleting
farmers feed ingredients.
In these cases, fish farmers buy their own
ingredients, prepare their feed formulae and
just rent the feedmill to manufacture the feed.
This approach leads to 10-15 percent reduction in feed costs for those farmers.
Between 50 and 99 percent of feed ingredients that are used in aquafeed production in
Egypt are imported.
Egypt is the worlds largest cereal importer,
second only to Japan, at over 18 million
tonnes in 2012. The country also imports 99
percent of soybean cake and 97 percent of
FEATURE
soybean seeds, which are the major protein
source for in fish feeds.
The unit price of feed ingredients have
also been sharply increasing during the past
few years.
As a result, the prices of processed fish
feeds have skyrocketed during the same
period. The fish feed industry in Egypt faces
several other challenges and constraints.
These are summarized below.
Constraints
The following constraints have been identified as major threats to the development of
the aquafeed industry in Egypt.

The dependence of the sector on
the importation of feed inputs and
continuous increase of their prices.
Consequently, the prices of processed
fish feeds have been skyrocketing during
the past few years, and are expected to
increase much further
The rapid growth of aquaculture is
expected to create competition for raw
materials between the aquafeed and the
animal feed industries, which may further
influence the price of feeds

The use of old, compressed feeds
technology. Compressed feeds lead to
substantial feed waste due to the poor
feed conversion ratio (FCR)

All feedmills work for six-to-seven
months per year; while permanent

employees get their salaries for the
whole year. This reduces the profit
margins of mill owners and forces them
to reduce permanent employment
Many fish feedmills lack the basic quality
control standards, with regards to feed quality, composition, processing, storage, handling
and transportation due to the absence of
governmental monitoring and inspection
Many fish farmers lack the accessibility to
credit and financial support. As a result,
they purchase the feeds from producers
or traders on credit for higher prices, and
sometimes they receive poor quality feed
Recommendation
Reducing feed costs, increasing feed quality

and encouraging best feed and feeding management practice require special attention,
due to the critical role that feed cost and quality plays in supporting the overall performance
of aquafeed sector.
This goal can be achieved through:
Custom tariffs on imported feed ingredients must be reviewed to reduce the
price of finished feeds

Aquafeed mills should be routinely
monitored and inspected to assure that
production procedures, feed composition, packaging, handling, transportation,
storage and hygiene comply with the
A/S
international quality control standards

Capacity building programmes for improving the skills of feed manufacturers and fish
farmers should be created and sustained
A thorough survey of the available
conventional and unconventional feed
resources in the Egypt should be
undertaken. An evaluation to establish
their availability, accessibility, chemical
composition, price and nutritional value
for farmed fish should be conducted
Extension services should be instituted
by the relevant authorities (especially
the General Authority for Fisheries
Resources Development) to improve
feed and feeding management

The government must undertake
periodic reviews of the animal feed
legislations to ensure coherency and
to reduce/eliminate any overlapping,
redundant and conflicting regulations
Improving the capacity and technology of existing feedmills. As mentioned
earlier, 80 percent of produced feed is in
the form of compressed pellets.
Finally, the use of compressed-type feeds
leads to significant feed waste.
Replacing existing compressors, at least
partially, with modern extruder lines, or adding extruding production lines into current
aqua feedmills should be given considerable
attention in the development plans.
FEATURE
The holistic approach to automation and

moisture control technology in aquafeed mills
by Yannis Christodoulou, President, Agentis Innovations, Bangsue, Bangkok, Thailand
In a recent paper that appeared in the September-October 2013 issue of our sister publication, Grain & Feed Milling Technology
magazine, we highlighted the challenges facing feedmills in terms of direct losses associated with moisture and product waste, and
the new technologies that provide direct solutions to these problems. Our attention now turns to aqua feedmills, where although
the process flow is similar there are unique differences, particularly relating to physical quality parameters and the impact of drying
product that make the utilisation of these new technologies even more exciting.
n the many world regions, many companies still rely heavily on bags and less
on bulk for the receiving of ingredients.
In either case it is common to see
numerous trucks lined up either inside
or outside the mill waiting to unload. This
creates a number of challenges in terms of
maintaining control of trucks and personnel
while on site and ensuring the correct
quantity and type of product are unloaded.
Manual systems that rely on paperwork are
prone to human error.
To counter this, automation systems, such
as the ones developed by Agentis Innovations,
can replace the paperwork and ensure the
movement of trucks and ingredients to the
correct location for discharge as well as provide for accurate stock inventory and provide
traceability.
Raw material unloading
Control of the unloading of raw materials

is important to avoid errors and waste.
For bulk or liquid container intakes errors
can result in expensive losses due to incorrect
manual silo selection or failure to recognise a
silo is full. This represents both financial loss
as well as nutritional loss due to mixing of
different types of ingredients. Programmable
Logic Control Units (PLC) in conjunction with
adequate and appropriate instrumentation
and software can eliminate this type of error
through automatic route control and high
level silo indicators to show when silos are full.
Technology also provides sophisticated
bag counters on the unloading conveyors
which provide accurate real time stock inventory.
Bag unloading can be insecure or inaccurate in terms of ensuring the correct number
of bags are unloaded at the correct point.
Technology now provides sophisticated bag
counters on the unloading conveyors which
are difficult to de-fraud and again provide real
time stock inventory.
Grain silos and drying
Often the quantity of grains is discharged
into and out of the silos is not known accurately due to the lack of a weigh scale hopper
or in-flight conveyor weighing systems resulting in inaccurate stock reconciliation when
transferred to the mill.
The most common causes of loss are
either wastage due to poor silo management
or losses resulting from moisture shrinkage. It
is not uncommon to hear of significant volumes of grains being disposed of because they
are unfit for purpose when emptying the silos.
The other risk is the deterioration due to
mycotoxin/bacterial contamination that often
occurs due to long-term storage and which
can result in significant nutritional losses.
New sensor technology, pioneered by
Agentis Innovations for example, is being
deployed to provide real-time control systems
as grain either enters or leaves the storage
silos and are transferred into the feedmill,
thereby providing valuable information to
assess the total moisture loss from intake
through to the mill storage phase.
This will allow the operators to make adjustments based on the real moisture content of
the formulated mixture or additional moisture
addition, at the mixer or conditioning phase.
Grinding
Losses occur at this process step due to

the physical effect of grinding and subsequent
moisture loss.
This loss can be greater in aquamills than
in commercial feedmills due to the fact in
many aquafeed mills there is particularly fine
grinding to produce the specific particle size
required in fish feeds. Automating the control
of the grinders is one method to optimise
throughput and reduce energy costs as well
as reduce the moisture loss associated with
grinding.
Batch control
The weigh scale batching system is often

associated with losses due to excessive tolerances and lack of in-flight material control.
Clearly, these losses are significant when
you consider micro-scale weighers and the
value of the products that are being weighed.
Modern appropriately sized, multiple, batchweigh scales and digital PLC controls should
provide accuracies of 0.5 percent or less.
Another fast developing application is using
the moisture sensor technology to calculate
the water adjustments required at the mixer
to offset low dry matter ingredients.
Hand additions and

premix additions
The losses that can occur at this stage are

significant because of
a) The impact of putting the wrong additive into the wrong feed type or
b) The impact of under or over dosing
The most effective method to reduce
the risk of errors is to automate the process
using either bar coding or weigh stations or a
combination of both. This has the advantage
of providing complete traceability which can
also limit recall losses if an error does occur.
Mixing
One of the unique features of aquafeed

plants is the necessity to mix a large number
of liquid products as well as dry ingredients.
It is common for there to be a mixing stage
for post ground materials and a further mixer
for addition of the finer ground ingredients
plus the various liquid products and oils.
Mixing often represents a bottle neck in
terms of production, therefore it is important
to optimise the scheduling and production
planning to ensure optimal throughput.
This can be achieved most effectively
through PLC control which can be programmed to control the correct sequence of
products to provide constant supply to the
pelleting bins.
Extruding, pelleting,
conditioning and crumbling
Whether producing shrimp feeds or fish

feeds, extruding or conditioning-and-pelleting
represent two of the more challenging areas
in terms of energy, blockage downtime and
reprocessed feeds.
The major limiting factors are manual control and poor steam management.
FEATURE
Automation can reduce the power consumption up to 40 percent as well as improve
the productive life of pellet dies and rolls and
prevent blockage and cleanout times.
Automation removes the manual variability
that leads to sub optimal steam conditioning
and power settings resulting in variable pellet
quality, which in turn results in higher level
of returns from the sieves. This is particularly
important when producing crumbs because in
some feedmills sieve return levels of 30 percent are not uncommon, which is extremely
wasteful as well as resulting in feed being
over-processed.
Automation control therefore results in
a significantly lower level of returns, reduced
down time and efficient feed scheduling
Drying
A feature that distinguishes aquafeed production is the drying process required to

achieve the required moisture content to
optimise the physical quality of the pellets or
crumbles.
This stage of the process however also
represents a step that lacks real time control
and inevitably leads to over or under drying
against target moisture levels.
The new moisture sensor technology
referred to earlier offers a unique opportunity
to automate the control of the moisture content before discharge from the drier.
The payback from knowing the precise
moisture before discharge to the coolers is
a significant development for the aquafeed
industry and one that can yield a significant
return on investment.
Cooling
There are two losses associated with the

cooling process.
One is the dust and fines that can be lost
from the air ducting due to incorrect set up
and fan speeds, and the second is the losses
associated with moisture migration.
New technology to reduce moisture loss
during the cooling process is now available to the industry and through Agentis
Innovations.
This technology is specifically developed
to provide vital information to a PLC in order
to perform real-time control of a number of
parameters that influence moisture loss.
Similar to the drier stage, the returns in
terms of target nutrient content and avoidance of moisture loss yield significant returns.
Sieving
Poor pellet quality leads to increase in fines

and dust for rework which incurs losses.
Aquafeed in particular requires various
stages of sieving that inevitably lead to more
returns. The throughs of the sieves, at all settings, should where-ever possible, be routed
back to the pelleting process for immediate
re-processing without the need for any intermediate storage or manual handling.
Mills that have particularly long conveyor or
elevator handling systems, or fall from the highest
point (usually distributor head) also result in more
damage to pellets (or segregation of coarse and
fine material in mash feeds) and hence dust.
Each time the throughs are recirculated the product is subjected to further
heat treatment which will compromise the
nutritional quality of the feed, particularly if
there is repeat recirculation. This emphasises
the importance of optimising pellet quality
through the conditioners and pellet and the
advantage of automating these process steps.
Packing
Errors arising from placing wrong product

in wrong silo or placing product in a silo which
is not empty can be avoided by implementing automated route control, fixed silos and
high/low level indicators to provide accurate
record of how much feed is in each silo.
The other challenge is accurate data about
number of bags packed and sent to the warehouse. Weighing systems and bag counting
technology can provide the necessary solution so that management are able to log the
productivity of each packing line.
Quality control
Knowledge of the
moisture content of
the feed at packing
is essential for physical product reasons,
stock loss and shelf
life.
Moisture sensors
can be installed on
the packing line to
ensure the optimal
moisture content for
maximum shelf life
leading to reduced
product reject and
improved consistency
of product performance.
for example, has responded to this challenge

through the development of their award-winning Q-Plus truck control programme and
innovative bag counting technology
Summary
Losses associated with moisture loss, product waste, accuracy of production or time
management are costing the aquafeed industry multi million dollars.
Agentis Innovations are actively responding
to this challenge by developing technological
solutions that directly impact all of these
factors and provide valuable real-time stock
control, full traceability from supplier to farm
and significant return on investment.
Agentis Innovations is a specialist in providing and developing technologies that automate manufacturing processes and integrate
data collection for the global agricultural
industry which include animal feed, aquafeed,
petfood, and premix.
More
information:
Agentis Innovations
1175/2 Krungthep-Nonthaburi Rd, Bangsue,
Bangkok, Thailand 10800
Tel : 66 2 831 7299 (556),
Fax : 66 2 586 9657
E-mail: enquiry@agentisinnovations.com
Email: yiannis@agentisinnovations.com
Die and roll re-working machines
Bag loading
This represents a
real challenge because
the confusion that can
occur from having
multi-loading belts
and different products
to load.
The primary concern is inventory
control to ensure the
correct product type
and quantity has been
loaded.
Agentis Innovations,
www.oj-hojtryk.dk
Phone: +45 75 14 22 55
Fax: +45 82 28 91 41
mail: info@oj-hojtryk.dk
O&J Hjtryk A/S

rnevej 1, DK-6705
Esbjerg
CVR.: 73 66 86 11

AD_o&j.indd 1
21/11/2012 15:08
EXPERT TPIC
EXPERT TOPIC
TROUT
Welcome to Expert Topic. Each issue will take an in-depth look
at a particular species and how its feed is managed.
EXPERT TPIC
5
7
2
4
8
Global
ccording to the World Journal of

Fish and Marine Sciences, approximately 576.2 thousand tons of
rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) are cultured in 69 countries throughout the world, valued at 2.4 billion dollars.
The production of rainbow trout has
grown exponentially since the 1950s and the
total global production today is second only
to Atlantic salmon. Major producing countries
include Iran, Germany, Australia, Norway and
France.
Iran
Asias aquaculture history dates back thousands of years. In the 1980s, The Islamic
Republic of Iran invested heavily in aquaculture development with the culture of rainbow
trout along the Caspian Sea.
Trout farms are mainly found across the
centre, northwestern and western parts of the
country. Irans trout farming systems consist
of simple raceways made of concrete that
harbor a continuous water flow. As a result
of improved farming techniques and facilities,
the countrys annual production of trout has
grown dramatically.
In1978, Iran reportedly produced 280
tonnes of trout. In 2009, total production
reached 73 642 tonnes. Rainbow trout now
accounts for 13.26 percent of Iran's overall

aquaculture production.
Today, rainbow trout is the most important

cultured species in Germany. First introduced
from North America in 1880, production
figures for this species have increased annually
over the last 40 years, reaching approximately
24000 tonnes in 2003.
This increase in production is mainly due
to milestones in the countrys aquaculture
systems, namely, the development of artificial
feeds, construction of flow-through-systems,
artificial oxygen enrichment of production
water and effective disease control.
Currently, trout is cultured in flow through
units throughout the southern part of the
country, mainly in the States of BadenWrttemberg and Bavaria. These aquaculture
systems are also found in the States of Lower
Saxony, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen and
Thringen.
Germanys trout farming production
reached 113 million in 2005, making up
60 percent of the countrys total aquaculture
earnings.
farming in New South Wales began in the

early 1970s and today provides annual revenue of $12 million.
Rainbow trout is also a dominant freshwater aquaculture species cultured southeastern state of Victoria. Primarily harvested in
Victorias cooler Alpine regions, the history
of Victorias trout rearing dates back to 1870.
Today, there are approximately 20 farms
in operation in the state, a few of which were
established throughout the 70s and 80s.
Between 2010 and 2011, the Victorian
trout farming sector was responsible for the
production of approximately 1000 tonnes
of fish, a notable figure in light of the of the
numerous droughts and bushfires in recent
years.
In Tasmania, rainbow trout are grown in
both freshwater and saltwater systems. The
first Tasmanian trial trout farm was established
in 1964 in Bridport, a small town on the
northeast coast of Tasmania.
By 1981, oceanic net pen rearing of
rainbow trout was being carried out on an
experimental basis, and by 1983 several
companies had successfully established marine
farming of rainbow trout, operating on both
the southeastern and western coasts.
The farming of both rainbow and brown

trout is a valuable contributor to Australias
aquaculture industry.
Rainbow trout were first introduced to the
country in 1927 as a source of recreational
fishing in the south west of the state. Trout
Rainbow trout is the only non-native species

of fish in Norwegian aquaculture.
First introduced into the country in 1900,
the species was first cultivated in freshwater in
the early 1960s. Following successful intensive
rearing processes, Norways trout production
Germany
Australia
Norway
EXPERT TPIC
ADVANCED FEATURE DRYING
is now primarily reared in sea cages, although a small number of

fish are still harvested in freshwater ponds and tanks.
Current exports account for 95 percent of the countrys
total aquaculture production. As one of the worlds leading trout
exporters, it is not surprising that
Norwegian reared fished are exported to over 130 different
countries.
The EU imports a large amount of Norwegian trout, with
Denmark and France at the forefront in terms of export volume.
Norways exports also extend to Russia and other eastern
European countries. Currently, Japan and Russia import the largest
volume of trout.
Advanced Feature
AirFlow II Dryer
Engineered sanitation features

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Food safety is rapidly changing the way the world looks at pet
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The Extru-Tech Airflow II Dryer Technology is already
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It now features not only the industry changing Airflow II zoned
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With increased focus on food safety, Extru-Techs Advanced
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Contact a dryer specialist today

at 785-284-2153 or visit us online
at www.extru-techinc.com
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Phone: 785-284-2153 Fax: 785-284-3143
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ET-248B.indd 1
France
As one of the first European countries to develop a steady aquaculture industry, French aquaculture is notable for the production
of trout farming.
Trout rearing mainly takes place in Aquitaine, located in the
southwest and Bretagne in the northwest. These two regions
account for 47 percent of the countrys total trout production.
There are however, a range of farms throughout the rest of the
country including Nord Pas de Calais, Normandy, Rhne-Alpes
and Midi-Pyrnes.
Currently, the French trout farming industry employs approximately 2 000 people. 3 percent of the larger production companies produce more than 500 tonnes of fish annually. Interestingly,
although they produce less than 100 tonnes each, smaller trout
producer in the region represent 84 percent of Frances total
production.
France is the third largest producer of trout after Chile and
Norway and in 2004, approximately 35 128 tonnes of the species
was produced with a market value of around 135 million.
At present, Frances rainbow trout market is divided in to three
main sectors:
Direct consumption: accounts for approximately 80 percent
of trout production with a market value of 130 million
Angling: accounts for 12 percent of production with a
market value of 16 million
Restocking: accounts for 8 percent of production with a
market value of 7 million
France currently exports around 5 300 tonnes of rainbow trout
to Belgium and Germany and imports around 3 000 tonnes from
Norway and Spain.

3/18/14 4:33 PM
7
Farming
trout in the
UK - More
than just food
estled in Coln Valley, within the

lush Cotwolds in the UK and
not far from IAFs head office is
the Bibury Trout Farm - one of
Britains oldest aquaculture facilities.
Founded originally by Arthur Servern, a
dedicated naturalist, to supply the native
Brown Trout to local rivers; it has evolved
over the years, latterly under Kate Marriotts
ownership and is now capable of producing 6 million trout ova from its hatchery
every year, the majority being Rainbow Trout
more suited to lake and reservoir habitats.
Regardless of its age, established in 1902 it
is anything but ancient;
Bibury Trout Farm has successfully solidified itself as both a bustling tourist attraction
and innovative industrial fish producer. It has
also been instrumental in bringing together its
local community, assisting with local business
and helping to bring even more life to an
already vibrant community.
Dedicated to its continued heritage, Bibury
Trout Farm proudly maintains its conservation
efforts stocking local rivers, reservoirs and
lakes throughout the United Kingdom.
Three-fourths of its fish production, backed
by local fishing syndicates, goes towards this
process; restocking rainbow and brown trout
at all stages of life. Although Bibury Trout
Farm only uses one-fourth of its fish production for direct market sales, it still produces
approximately 125 tonnes of trout annually
for consumption.
Domestically, Bibury transports trout eggs
throughout the United Kingdom; its supply
chain reaching as far North as Scotland
paying careful attention to the handling,
temperature and packaging of its product in
order to ensure it maintains it's high quality
when delivered.
EXPERT TPIC
A multitude of
bio-security
Bibury Trout Farm has successfully implemented a multitude of biosecurity measures in order to mitigate
and reduce the risk of disease within
its operation.
By sourcing only from its own
hatchery (apart from periodic
refreshment of broodstock), Bibury
is able to successfully simplify its
supply chain and in the process
eliminate the chance of cross contamination growing its fish all
the way from the initial egg to
maturation.
Employees are effectively
trained in the ethical and hygienic
handling of fish, consistently washing their hands and feet between
stations in order to maintain a
sanitary and safe environment.
Frequently samples of trout are
taken and recorded in order to
ensure that the health and sustainability of the fish is maintained. The
feed producer Skretting has also
been instrumental in the wellbeing,
health and growth of Bibury Trout
Farm as a whole, providing flexible
options for finance during times of
hardship and also providing an auxiliary of veterinary services which
further cements the bio-security of
fish stocks.
Tourist attraction
Tourists from all over the world

flock to Bibury Trout Farm, captivated by the beauty of the local
area and facilities.
Bibury Trout Farm successfully draws a multitude of demographics (for
example from trout producing countries such
as Turkey and Iran to name just two), from
young school children to retirees looking to
enjoy their spare time.
This open atmosphere and popularity provides a unique opportunity in which to further
educate consumers on the trout industry and
its farming practices, providing them with
greater perspective and understanding.
Using its onsite smoke foundry, Bibury is
able to indulge its customers by producing
a variety of diverse trout based cuisine; such
as fresh trout, smoked trout, caviar and trout
cakes. This variety of dishes will hopefully
provide consumers with the opportunity to
see just how many different ways trout can be
incorporated into their day-to-day diet.
Recreational activities
Known as the Greedy Fish in Latin, trout

provides us with not just an excellent form
of fish production but also an enjoyable

recreational activity.
Bibury Trout Farm helps to maintain this
sport by providing fisherman and anglers from
across the globe with the opportunity to fish
from the re-stocked lakes and rivers dotted
throughout the United Kingdom.
Furthermore, Bibury provides children with
the opportunity to fish directly from the
facility, ensuring a catch to help build their
confidence and passion for aquaculture at a
young age.
Although Bibury Trout Farm doesnt follow
the traditional methods of table farming, it
has helped to bring more upbeat enthusiasm
to the trout industry as a whole. Developing
and improving its local community through
conservation, tourism and diversification of
product Bibury Trout Farm proves that
successful aquaculture isnt just about food
production; but environmental sustainability
and recreation as well.
8
EXPERT TPIC
Victorian
Rainbow Trout
ccording to the history books

Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) were introduced to
Australia just after 1860 and
Victoria has held on to the mantle of being
the largest supplier of freshwater trout to
the Australian market ever since.
Most of the fish produced in Victoria's
cool alpine regions, primarily in the upper
Goulburn River system, and whilst shorter
lived than brown trout (cultured primarily
for restocking purposes), the rainbows grow
faster in most circumstances.
Victorian commercial trout farming has

operated for over 40 years.
Today's farms range in size from small
tourist operations to large farms with many
ponds or raceways that produce 100s of
tonnes of fish.
Freshwater trout in Victoria are usually
farmed in flow-through raceways or ponds
under semi-intensive and intensive grow-out
systems using flow-through systems where
large quantities of water are continually
exchanged in the culture unit and fed a commercial pelleted diet.
This type of farming requires a considerable amount of clean, cool water
which is usually diverted from an adjacent
river. Farms licensed through the Victorian
Government Environmental Protection
Authority, to ensure water is appropriately
treated prior to discharge. This water generally passes through the production system
and on to settlement ponds or constructed
wetlands, before being discharged back into
the river.
As trout is a cold water species, it prefers water temperatures between 10-20
degrees, the frequency of hotter summers
is proving to be a challenge for the industry.
Innovations, such as using oxygen injection and deeper raceways to cope with
increasing summer temperatures are being
introduced.
Since the trout pioneering days of Alan
and Peter Leake, the industry has faced some
significant challenges. Over recent years they
have had to contend with massive bush fires
in 2009 which were followed by floods.
The majority of the farmers had just got
their stocks back up from the fires and the
consequential fire retardant chemicals, when
in 2010 those gains were then lost when the
fish were washed/swam away with the incredible floods.
Most local people would recall seeing on
the television at the time, trout being picked
up from the water in the towns street.
Getting back to normal
After 2010 the state was down to 50

percent of normal production but latest news
is that it is getting back to where it was with
currently 26 licensed holders and is the largest
volume aquaculture sector in Victoria.
Companies like Alpine Trout Farm in
Noojee, Victoria, at the base of the Mount
Baw Baw Ranges, (a winter snow area
Victorian Ranges about 120km east of
Melbourne), is one of those in the business
who through continuous improvement in
production techniques and environmental
management is adapting to these challenges.
They have recently purchased eight ha
and 58 ponds, the farm plans to produce
400 tonnes in the year but have concerns in
Profiles of Victoria's
Salmonids
Brown trout
Brown trout were introduced to
mainland Australia from Tasmania in
1864 as fertilised eggs. Fisheries Victoria
stocks more brown trout than any other
salmonid (trout and salmon).
These stockings are predominantly
into lakes and impoundments.
This species of trout is widespread
and abundant in north eastern Victoria
where self-sustaining populations thrive
in cool, fast flowing waters. Given good
habitat and food, brown trout grow
rapidly in their second and third year of
life although few live beyond five to six
years of age.
Brown trout are considered to be a
'residential' fish exhibiting limited movement from established home ranges.
They appear to dominate rainbow trout
in waters where both species exist
naturally.
Rainbow trout
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon are also known as
Quinnat salmon and King salmon and
are highly regarded by anglers as a
strong sportsfish.
They were first introduced to
Australia in the 1870s. In natural circumstances, young and adults spend most of
their life at sea, returning to their natal
streams to spawn. Natural migratory
stocks in North America have recorded
fish of 1.6m and nearly 60kg.
In Victoria they are only stocked into
Lake Purrumbete, Lake Murdeduke and
on occasion, Lake Modewarre. These
waters have been known to produce
fish of 89cm and 11.4kg (Lake Bullen
Merri, 1981), but most fish are generally
between 1 and 3kg.
Atlantic salmon
Atlantic salmon are often confused
with brown trout and were first introduced to Australia in the 1860s.
In natural circumstances, most of
their life cycle is spent at sea, however
stocked populations for recreational
fishing have been maintained in Lake
Purrumbete and Lake Bullen Merri.
EXPERT TPIC
produces about 800
tonnes of trout per
annum or 30,000
fish
per
week.
Approximately 40
percent of the fish
are smoked.
Recreational
angling
ensuring low stocking densities. The organisation has its fish processed in the farm's new
500sqm on-site facility, opened in November
last year and they are growing Rainbow
trout, Golden trout, Arctic Char and Brook
trout.
The most established Victorian
Rainbow Trout organisation is Goulburn
River Trout, a family operated trout farming and processing business based near
Alexandra on the Goulburn River. The
business has been in operation for 35
years, the last 20 under the ownership of
the Meggitt family.
The business employs about 25 people,
One cannot mention trout in Victoria

without talking about
recreational angling
it also relies on
aquaculture for restocking.
The angling effort in Victoria occurs on
freshwater lakes, rivers and streams with
trout being one of the most harvested
species in these waters. The Victorian trout
fishery is a major social and economic contributor to regional communities with nearly
half of all trout harvested in Australia being
caught in Victoria.
Inland anglers spend more than Aus$170
million a year pursuing trout, redfin and
native species such as Murray cod and golden
perch. In addition to providing good sport
fishing, many consider trout to be a choice
table fish.
Since 1960, over 41 million trout have
been released in numerous lakes, rivers and

streams across the state.
Today, the Government utilises a combination of regulation, stocking and habitat
improvement to manage trout fisheries.
The use of these tools is underpinned by
research performed by Primary Industries
Research Victoria (PIRVic) based at Snobs
Creek near Eildon.
Continuing research on trout provides
increased awareness of their behaviour and
needs, which subsequently leads to improved
trout fisheries as a result of informed management decisions. Research also provides the
means to scientifically monitor both stocked
and wild trout in order to adjust management
strategies.
Perspectives
To get some perspectives in the global scene

the value of Norwegian trout exports (information from FAO Globefish) increased to NOK
1.7 billion (US$304.8 million) in 2012 because of
strong growth in volume, which totaled 56,000
tonnes, a 43 percent jump from 2011.
Norway has an export growth of 60 percent in volume to Russia; Russia is fast increasing its relative share of Norwegian trout
exports. In total, 55 percent of Norwegian
trout exports went to this market in 2012.
Other big trout markets were Japan and
Belarus.
INDUSTRY EVENTS
ILDEX Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City,
Vietnam
Contact: Nalinrat Ananamnuaylap
Tel: +662 670 0900 ext 118
Email: nalinrat.ana
@vnuexhibitionsap.com
Web: www.ildex.com
28 29 March 14
28 - 30 May 14
Forum do mar
Porto, Portugal
Contact: Jos Martins
Tel: +351 22 998 1459
Email: jose.martins@exponor.pt
Web: www.exponor.pt
5 - 7 June 14
EMS Forum: Managing the Shrimp

Epidemic, Bangkok, Thailand
Contact: Asian Aquaculture Network
Tel: +66 0 2192 17878 ext. 29
Email: info@asianaquaculturenetwork.com
Web: www.asianaquaculturenetwork.com
Future Fish Eurasia, Izmir

International Fair Center, Izmir,,
Turkey
Contact: Eurasia Trade Fairs
Tel: +90 212 347 10 54
Email: info@eurasiafairs.com
Web: www.eurasiafairs.com
8 April 14
7th - 11th June 14
GRAPAS Conference (held in conjunction with Victam Asia), Bangkok,

Thailand
Contact: Andy West
Tel: +44 0173 776 3501
Email: andrew.west733@ntlworld.com
Web: www.victam.com
8 10 April 14
23 25 April 14
INDUSTRY EVENTS
VIV India, Bangalore, India

Contact: Manuel Madani
Tel: +31 30 295 2608
Email: manuel.madani
@vnuexhibitions.com
Web: www.viv.net/en
6 7 May 14
18 20 June 14
IndoLivestock, Jakarta, Indonesia

Contact: Ika Angelia
Tel: +62 2186 44756 ext 108
Email: comdept@napindo.com
Web: www.indolivestock.com
22 - 27 June 14
5th Congress of the International

Society for Applied Phycology
(ISAP)
Sydney, Australia
Contact: Pierre Erwes
Tel: +33 678 078 284
Email: pierre.erwes@biomarine.org
Web: www.isap2014.com
17 July 14
European Algae Biomass

Seville, Spain
Contact: Dimitri Pavlyk
Tel: + 44 2031 410627
Email: dpavlyk@acieu.net
Web: www.acieu.net
ILDEX Thailand on the move,

Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
Tel: +662 670 0900 ext 118
Email: nalinrat.ana@vnuexhibitionsap.
com
Web: www.ildex.com
May 20th 22nd 14
Aquatic China (in conjunction with

VIV China)
New China International Exhibition
Center (NCIEC) Beijing, China
Contact: Anneke van Rooijen
+31 30 295 2772
anneke.van.rooijen@vnuexhibitions.com
Web: http://www.viv.net/en/Portal.
aspx
23 - 25 September 14
VIV China, New China International

Exhibition Center (NCIEC), Hall
West 1 and 2, 88 Yu Xiang Road,
Tianzhu Area, Shunyi district, Beijing,
China
Contact: Anneke van Rooijen
Tel: +31 30 295 2772
Email: anneke.van.rooijen
@vnuexhibitions.com
Web: www.viv.net
14 - 17 October 14
Aquaculture Europe 2014, San

Sebastian, Spain
Contact: Mario Stael
Tel: +32 9233 4912
Email: mario@marevent.com
Web: www.easonline.org
25th - 30th May 14
XVI International Symposium on Fish

Nutrition and Feeding, Queensland,
Australia
Contact: Dr Brett Glencross
Tel: +61 7 3833 5926
Email: brett.glencross@csiro.au
Web: www.isfnf2014.org/index.php
28th - 29th May 14
Aquaculture UK, Aviemore, Scotland

Contact: David Mack
Tel: +44 1862 8921 88
Email: info@aquacultureuk.com
Web: www.aquacultureuk.com
9th Shanghai International Fishery &

Seafood Expo (SIFSE2014), Shanghai
New International Expo Centre,
2345 Longyang Road, Shanghai,
China
Contact: Lewis Liu
Tel: +86 21 6775 9097
Email: Lewis.liu@gehuaexpo.com
Web: www.sifse.com
11 - 13 September 14
Ildex Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar

Contact: Ms. Nathaporn Vasinyont
Tel: +662 670 0900 ext. 109
Email: nathaporn.vas
@vnuexhibitionsap.com
Web: www.ildex.com
Vietstock, Saigon Exhibition and

Convention Center, Ho Chi Minh
City, Vietnam
Contact: Chau Tran
Tel: +84 8 5401 2718
Email: chau.tran@ubm.com
Web: www.vietstock.org
16 October 14
Ildex Thailand on the move

Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
Tel: +662 670 0900 118
Email: nalinrat.ana@vnuexhibitionsap.com
Web: www.ildex.com
11 - 14 November 14
Eurotier, Hanover Fairground,

Germany
Contact: Karl Schloesser
Tel: +49 06 924 788 254
Email: k.schloesser@dlg.org
Web: www.eurotier.com
Get your f
FAMI-QS is celebrating its 10-year

anniversary
AMI-QS,a quality control system

operated by the European
feed ingredients organisation
FEFANA, is hosting a one-day conference to celebrate reaching its 10th
year anniversary.
3 5 September 14
VIV Europe, Utrecht, the

Netherlands
Contact: Ruwan Berculo
Tel: +31 3029 52879
Email: viv.europe@vnuexhibitions.com
Web: www.viv.net
15 - 17 October 14
e PP
e APP her
re
Victam Asia (co-located with

FIAAP and GRAPAS Asia), Bangkok,
Thailand
Contact: Andy West
Tel: +44 0173 776 3501
Email: Andrew.west733@ntlworld.com
Web: www.victam.com
World Aquaculture Adelaide,

Adelaide, Australia
Contact: Mario Stael
Tel: +32 9233 4912
Email: mario@marevent.com
Web: www.was.org
23 September 14
19 21 March 14
The anniversary event will be held

in the Sofitel Hotel in downtown
Brussels on May 5, 2014. Dr
Dieter Gressinger, the president
of FAMI-QS will host the event
with his secretary general Didier
Jans explaining how the FAMI-QS
was spun off from the federation
to form an international reference
standard for the feed sector.
Other speakers on the program
include the director general of

the EUs Health and Consumers
Directorate which is its food
and veterinary office along with
third-party certification from the
International Trade Centre on
standards map database
and benchmarking.
The program will also
include a presentation
from GMP+ on the
FAMI-QS and GMP+
exper iences. Finally
the Feed Schemes
Obser vator y (FSO)
will review feed benchmarking
projects.
More
information:
FEFANA
Avenue Louise 130 A
Box 1, 1050 Brussels
Belgium
Tel: +32 2 6396669
Fax: +32 2 6404111
Email: info@fami-qs.org
Website: www.fami-qs.org
INDUSTRY EVENTS
Aquaculture Europe
2014 set on San
Sebastin, Spain
With our hosts, AZTITecnalia, the European

Aquaculture Society (EAS) is
organising our annual Aquaculture
Europe event in the beautiful city
of DonostiaSan Sebastin in the
hear t of the Basque Countr y,
Spain and we'd very much like
you to be with us.
Thats the message this month
from the World Aquaculture
Society which is planning its next
meeting AE2014 from October
14-17, 2014, says Mario Stael of
MarEvent in Belgium.
AE2014 will address the theme
of adding value to our products,
our processes, to research and to
resources, he adds. The AE2014
pages of the EAS website are
now.
On that page we have made
an introductor y video, inviting
you to be with us. You will also

find links to submit your abstract
online, register online or exhibit.
You will also see information on
the city and the hotels with which
we have obtained conference
rates.
Abstracts
Abstracts can be submitted

for a wide range of sessions,
including:
REGISTER TODAY!
40% Early Bird Discount
Ends 31 March
Adding value to aquaculture

products; Commercialisation of
aquaculture products; Integrity,
safety and authenticity of food
products from aquaculture;
By-products management; Climate
change and environmental management; Nutrition: Requirements;
Nutrition: Alternative feed ingredients; Nutrition: Outputs of the
EU ARRAINA project; Hatchery;
Land-based aquaculture technologies; Offshore mariculture;
Stock management strategies to
control reproduction prior to
har vest; Beyond monoculture;
Advances in disease and welfare;
Marine biotechnology; Genomic
research and applications; Species
diversification; Salmon farming
sustainability; Eels - research
progress; Shellfish; Seaweeds as
food, feed and economic activity;
Aquaponics; Organic aquaculture; Knowledge management,
transfer and extension networks;
Governance, policy and strategic planning; Biology of aquatic
species gametes (AQUAGAMETE

COST ACTION); Laboratory fish
models for aquaculture applications (e.g. Zebrafish and others)
and Sustainability assessment of
the aquaculture chain.
We are also organising satellite workshops and an international trade exhibition with associated Industry Forums for shellfish, marine fish and freshwater
fish.
We invite you to submit your
abstract and register early to take
advantage of the low costs being
offered.
Special registration fees for
Spanish nationals that are members
of the Sociedad Espaola de
Acuicultura (SEA) are also offered
from now until June 30.You can join
EAS to get the special member rate,
as well as the numerous benefits
that membership provides, concludes Mr Stael.
More
information:
Website: www.easonline.org
VIV Europe 2014

World Expo for Animal Husbandry & Processing
May 20-22, 2014 | Utrecht, the Netherlands
MORE
INFORMATION
www.summit2014.org
Special themes
For registration and more

information, go to
www.summit2014.org/registration
visit our website

www.viv.net
Come to Utrecht in 2014

and connect to all players
in todays complete meat
production chain.
Welcome to the market place, where you will find suppliers of products and services to the industry - with help from our
friends at The International Aquafeed Directory (published by Turret Group)
Additives
TSC Silos
+49 618 1596785

www.evonik.com
R-Biopharm
+44 141 945 2924
www.r-biopharm.com
+44 113 246 1800

www.go4b.com
www.gmpplus.org
Buhler AG
Conveyors
+41 71 955 11 11
Vigan Enginnering
+32 67 89 50 41
Analysis
4B Braime
+31703074120
www.liptosa.com
www.sonac.biz
Elevator & Conveyor Components
GMP+ International
+34 902 157711
+31 499 364800
www.vav.nl
Certification
Liptosa
Sonac
+31 71 4023701
www.westeel.com
Evonik
VAV
+1 204 233 7133
www.chemoforma.com
www.stifnet.com
Westeel
+41 61 8113355
+33 2 41 72 16 80
www.tsc-silos.com
Chemoforma
STIF
+31 543 473979
www.vigan.com
www.buhlergroup.com
Enzymes
Colour sorters
Ab Vista
+44 1672 517 650
Bhler AG
Romer Labs
+43 2272 6153310
www.abvista.com
+41 71 955 11 11
www.buhlergroup.com
www.romerlabs.com
Amino acids
Evonik
+49 618 1596785
www.evonik.com
Animal Health & Nutrition
+81 82 420 8560

www.satake-group.com
www.cenzone.com
+44 1483 726081

www.formatinternational.com
Colour sorters
+43 1 79013 4917
SEA S.r.l.
www.mondigroup.com
+39 054 2361423
+33 2 37 97 66 11
www.denis.fr
Bulk storage
ExtruTech Inc
+1 785 284 2153
+32 50 303 211

Format International Ltd
Denis
Equipment for sale
Adifo NV
www.adifo.com
Bin dischargers
www.jefo.com
Computer software
+1 760 736 9901
Mondi Group
+1 450 799 2000
Satake
Cenzone
Bags
JEFO
www.seasort.com
Coolers & driers

Consergra s.l
+34 938 772207
www.consergra.com
Extruders
Almex
+31 575 572666
www.almex.nl
Amandus Kahl
+49 40 727 710
www.akahl.de
Andritz
+45 72 160300
www.andritz.com
Brabender
+49 203 7788 0
Bentall Rowlands
FrigorTec GmbH
+44 1724 282828
+49 7520 91482-0
www.bentallrowlands.com
www.frigortec.com
Buhler AG
Chief Industries UK Ltd
Geelen Counterflow
+41 71 955 11 11
+44 1621 868944
+31 475 592315
www.buhlergroup.com
www.chief.co.uk
www.geelencounterflow.com
Croston Engineering
Muyang Group
+31 77 467 3555
+44 1829 741119
+86 514 87848880
www.dinnissen.nl
www.croston-engineering.co.uk
www.muyang.com
Silo Construction Engineers
Wenger Manufacturing
+1 515 254 1260
+32 51723128
+1 785-284-2133
www.insta-pro.com
www.sce.be
www.wenger.com
Silos Cordoba
+34 957 325 165
www.siloscordoba.com
Symaga
+34 91 726 43 04
www.symaga.com
Elevator buckets
Alapala
+90 212 465 60 40
www.alapala.com
Tapco Inc
+1 314 739 9191
www.tapcoinc.com
www.brabender.com
Dinnissen BV
Insta-Pro International
Ottevanger
+31 79 593 22 21
www.ottevanger.com
Zheng Chang
+86 21 64188282
www.zhengchang.com
Palletisers
Feed
www.aller-aqua.com
www.kepler.com.br
PAYPER, S.A.
Novus
Obial
+34 973 21 60 40
+1 314 576 8886
Wynveen International B.V.
+55 11 4873-0300
www.ehcolo.com
+45 70 22 19 10
Kepler Weber Group
+45 75 398411
Aller Aqua
www.novusint.com
Silos
Ehcolo A/S
+90 382 2662120
www.payper.com
www.obial.com.tr
Pellet binders
MYSILO
Akzo Nobel
+31 26 47 90 699
+90 382 266 2245
+46 303 850 00
www.wynveen.com
www.mysilo.com
www.bredol.com
Hatchery products
Symaga
Borregaard LignoTech
+34 91 726 43 04
+47 69 11 80 00
Reed Mariculture
www.symaga.com
+1 877 732 3276
www.lignotechfeed.com
www.reed-mariculture.com
PellTech
Tornum AB
+47 69 11 80 00
+46 512 29100
www.pelltech.org
www.tornum.com
Laboratory equipment
Bastak
+90 312 395 67 87
Pest control
+1 402 434 9102
+886 2226 96789

www.fine-tek.com
+33 2 97 89 25 30
www.rentokil.co.uk
www.aqualabo.fr
Pipe systems
Agromatic
Jacob Sohne
www.binmaster.com
FineTek Co., Ltd
Aqualabo
+44 0800 917 1987
Level measurement
BinMaster Level Controls
Sensors
Rentokil Pest Control
www.bastak.com.tr
+41 55 2562100
+49 571 9580
www.agromatic.com
www.jacob-pipesystems.eu
Dol Sensors
Used around
all
Plantsindustrial
sectors.
+45 721 755 55

www.dol-sensors.com
Andritz
Fr. Jacob Shne GmbH & Co. KG, Germany

Tel. + 49 (0) 571 95580 | www. jacob-pipesystems.eu
Vega
+45
Visit us! www.pipe-systems.eu
72 160300
www.andritz.com
+44 1444 870055

www.vega.com/uk
Shrimp feed additives

Dishman
Buhler AG
+31 318 545 754
+41 71 955 11 11
Moisture analyzers
www.dishman-netherlands.com
www.buhlergroup.com
CHOPIN Technologies
+33 14 1475045
www.chopin.fr
Training
Muyang Group
+86 514 87848880
Doescher & Doescher GmbH

+49 4087976770
Probiotics
Recruitment
JCB Consulting
www.nir-online.de
Packaging
+44 7805 092067
www.cbpackaging.com
Mondi Group
+43 1 79013 4917
www.mondigroup.com
Ugur Makina
+90 (364) 235 00 26
www.ugurmakina.com
www.ridgewaybiologicals.co.uk
Vacuum
Wynveen International B.V.
www.jcb-consulting.com
+31 26 47 90 699
www.wynveen.com
Rolls
Leonhard Brietenbach
+49 271 3758 0
www.breitenbach.de
OJ Hojtryk
+45 7514 2255
CB Packaging
+44 1635 579516
+44 161 427 2402
www.seedburo.com
+49 6227 732668
Ridgeway Biologicals
www.biomin.net
+1 312 738 3700
NIR-Online
Vacines
+43 2782 803 0
Seedburo
NIR systems
www.nabim.org.uk
Biomin
Hydronix
www.hydronix.com
+44 2074 932521
www.muyang.com
www.doescher.com
+44 1483 468900
nabim
www.oj-hojtryk.dk
Safety equipment
Weighing equipment
Parkerfarm Weighing Systems
+44 1246 456729
www.parkerfarm.com
Yeast products
Leiber GmbH
+49 5461 93030
Rembe
www.leibergmbh.de
+49 2961 740 50
Lesaffre Feed Additives
www.rembe.com
Second hand equipment

Sanderson Weatherall
+44 161 259 7054
www.sw.co.uk
+33 3 20 81 61 00
www.lesaffre.fr
To include your company in the

International Aquafeed market place in
print, and a company page on our website
contact Tom Blacker.
+44 1242 267700 tomb@perendale.co.uk
2014
Aquaculture
TECHNOLOGY
product
showcase
CLOUD-BASED HAZARD MONITORING

Hazardmon.com is a secure cloud based industrial
monitoring solution that allows any registered user to login and
see all their facilities in real-time from anywhere in the world. This
product offers seamless integration with 4Bs communication BUS
system the T500 Elite Hotbus.
The T500 multifunctional hazard monitoring system for bucket
elevators and conveyors can monitor up
to 256 sensors for combined belt
alignment, belt speed, continuous
bearing temperature,
pulley alignment,
level indication (bin
/ silo) and plug
conditions.
hazardmon.com
feed-additives@evonik.com
www.aminodat.com
The new Amino Dat Aqua 1.0 application allows you to view the
amino acid composition of aqua feed ingredients used in fish and
crustacean nutrition along with additional information on the variation
of amino acid contents.
Evonik Industries AG
Health & Nutrition
feed additives
AminoDat Aqua V1.0 includes also a lot of new and more exotic raw
materials used in aqua feed diets like shrimp head meal, squid meal, krill
meal, tuna extract and fishmeal from different origins.
AMINODat Aqua 1.0

Enhance your knowledge about
your raw materials.
Extru-Tech, Inc. - Introduces New Valve Options. In a continued effort
to improve product performance and production control, Extru-Tech, Inc. has

introduced a new Mid-Barrel Valve (MBV), and a new Energy Management Valve
(EMV). Used independently, or together, bothoffer increased control of SME
(Specific Mechanical Energy). As an internal component, the MBV can be added in
any position along the barrel for on-line control of SME and product density. Used
with our highly adaptable single screw extruders, the new MBV allows higher SME,
higher cook and lower bulk density, even with fresh meat and high-fat recipes.
The new EMV located at the barrel discharge, meanwhile, controls the final product
characteristics by dynamically adjusting extruder die restriction. The advanced EMV
design allows the flow of off-spec extrudate to be diverted away, thus reducing the
chances of contaminating the conveyance system and reducing food safety risk. Used
together, the EMV and MBV further maximize SME, by manipulating product density.
Their combined use also allows for quicker acquisition of
product density, critical limit temperatures and pressures...
...all with less waste.
www.evonik.com
ZhengChang 168F Extruder, Model: 160kw

Die Hole: 4mm, Produce Common Floating Fish
Feed, Actual Capacity: 7.2t/h.
Capacity: 6-7t/h, on average 2t/h higher than other machines of the same
type in the industry.
Highly efficient frequency conversion feeder features high stability and
convenient operation that can produce finer particles with high capacity.
Humanized design for steam and water adding can conduct online flow
detection, adding in proportion, so as to guarantee the quality of the feed.
Specially designed mixing shaft and paddle can improve the cooking and
mixing uniformity. The maximum water and steam adding rate is 30%,
which can improve the quality of the feed.
Hard wearing alloy screw and bushing blocks can reduce maintainance
costs. Fixed space cutters avoid cutter
wear. Smooth drive of the particle
cutting structure can guarantee smooth
operation and effectively reduce
mechanical faults that caused by vibration.
Quick cutter and die exchange can save
time for production.
www.zhengchang.com
Gold Mehl FM - Gold Mehl FM is a processed poultry protein with

high protein content and high protein digestibility.
This is achieved by using drying process with optimal conditions using
Low Temperature (LT) drying technology.
A comparison between Gold Mehl FM and demand of EAA by fish and
shrimp indicates that a balance exists within most EAA thus positioning
Gold Mehl FM as a replacer of Fish Meal.
With 85% crude protein content and more than 85% in vivo
digestibility, the product is a unique offering in the category
of Animal Proteins and is being used widely in
different parts of the world.
www.ge-pro.de
Extruder type EX1250

For high performance extrusion
The ANDRITZ EX1250 extruder is designed to meet the ever increasing
demands from aqua feed producer and the aqua feed industry. The EX
1250 ensures high capacity and versatile extrusion production lines.
Special features:
High capacity: 10-20 tph
Integrated operating systems: Reduced installation time and costs
Low maintenance and wear parts costs
User-friendly design: Easy to access and clean, ensuring optimum hygiene
Wide variety of options and accessories available to meet specific
requirements
The EX1250 ensures
high capacity,
controlled energy
input, stable
operation and
consistency in
product quality.
www.andritz.com
Liptosa Co. presents in the market the latest

development in the field of growth promoters
for fingerlings
Liptofry is a Phytobiotic integrated by mix of protected organic acids ;
plant extracts and technical components to be included in crumbles since
the starting feeding.
This additive have shown on industrial conditions
and in different fish with a very high efficacy in
reducing time spent on fingerlings cycle and with
significant differences regarding control batches.
Moreover Liptofry has been proven to be a very
effective natural additive to control the appearance
of opportunistic bacterial
origin outbreaks
Liptofry is definitely a
growth promoter that allow
optimization in nursery phase
increasing the survival rate and
growth rate..
www.liptosa.com
CompacTwinTM the flexible twin-screw extruder

The CompacTwinTM twin-screw extruder has been designed for a
wide variety of applications in many different industries. The lean design
is especially suitable for trouble-free production of high volumes of a
given product and product formula. The functional control system of
the extrusion system ensures dependable production and enables easy
selection of the production parameters of the feeder, preconditioner, and
extruder. The extruder is available in two sizes: 62 mm screw diameter
with a throughput capacity up to 1000 kg/h and 93 mm up to max. 3000
kg/h.
www.buhlergroup.com/aquafeed
MUYANG MY TWIN-SCREW EXTRUDER
- High-efficient extruder for aquafeed, food
and raw material treatment. More suitable for sticky formulations.
AquaStar - With the development of the AquaStar product line,
AquaStar
BIOMIN serves the needs of the industry for natural and sustainable
solutions. AquaStar is a well-defined, multi-strain probiotic product for fish

and shrimp which promotes a beneficial gut microflora as well
as an improved environmental condition in ponds,
thereby improving efficiency in production:
Controls pathogenic microorganisms
Stabilizes water quality and pond
bottom
Improves gut health and
performance
aquastar.biomin.net
Easy operation - PLC and touch screen for convenient control; by-pass
provided to avoid blockage; easy operation, precise and reliable.
High efficiency - Optimal chamber groove and screw flight profiles,
minimum SME input; efficient DDC conditioner and jacketed barrel with
stabilized and facilitated extrusion, maximum energy utilization; unique
suspending cutter, adjustment without down time.
More flexibility - Modularized barrel and screw structure with many addons, adaptable to varied high-fat or -moisture formulations; controllable
temperature, pressure and density, minimizing reconfiguration acquired.
Customizable solution - Incl, machine size, barrel, screw,
discharge die, cutter knives, steam pipeline and energy
recovery system etc.
www.muyang.com
Former IFIF Secretary General appointed President of newly formed IASP
oger Gilbert, publisher of the aquaculture magazine International Aquafeed, has been
appointed president of the newly formed Association of International Seafood Professionals.
He joins Roy Palmer who has been tasked with running the newly formed association and
is its new executive director.
"The aims and objectives of the IASP are based on individual participation with the view that by drawing
together inputs from all sectors of the industry, and that includes those working in the capture industry
as well as in fish farming, our industry can better organise itself and determine its future role," says Mr
Gilbert.
"It's an honour for me to be appointed the Associations first president. I am particularly keen to see seafood recognised as a
major source of protein in our diets and for the benefits in health that it delivers. In addition, I'm firmly of the belief that aquaculture will play a vital role in supplying the protein a growing world population will need as we head toward 9.5 billion people
on the planet in 2050!
"For 22 years I worked as secretary general of the International Feed Industry Federation through its developmental years, and
I feel well qualified to assist in the establishment of this organisation during this critical inception period.
MSD Animal Health UK appoints new commercial manager for aquaculture
eith Morris has been promoted to UK commercial manager for MSD Animal Health
Aquaculture. Previously the national accounts manager, Keith has assumed responsibility for
all commercial aspects of the aquaculture business, including marketing.
David Schofield, MSDs integrated livestock director David Schofield confirmed the recent
promotion and highlighted the companys strategy of providing targeted advice and technical support to
UK customers.
I am delighted that Keith has been promoted to this key role. His work alongside the technical team in
developing our vaccine business, particularly Norvax Compact PD as well as SLICE treatment strategies
is helping deliver our enhanced Value Through Service products and technical service packages to the benefit of an increasing
number of salmon producers in the UK.
The UK Aquaculture team comprises Keith Morris (commercial manager), Dafydd Morris (technical manager) and Liam
Doherty (technical trials assistant).
www.msd-animal-health.co.uk
SPCs new director-general
he Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) recently appointed Dr Colin Tukuitonga

as it new director-general. SPC is an international organisation to promote public health,
geoscience, agriculture, forestry, water resources, disaster management and fisheries.
Dr Tukuitonga brings over 27 years experience working in a variety of roles, including

as a clinician, academic, programme manager and consultant adviser. He will be based at SPCs
headquarters in Noumea, New Caledonia.
Prior to his new role, Dr Tukuitonga worked in Niue, Fiji, New Zealand and Switzerland in senior roles including chief executive officer of the Ministry of Pacific Island Affairs of the New Zealand Government; associate professor of public health and head
of Pacific and International Health at the University of Auckland; director of Public Health in the New Zealand Ministry of Health;
and head of Surveillance and Prevention of Chronic Diseases with the World Health Organisation in Geneva.
www.spc.int
Research scientist joins Nofima
he Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research (Nofima) recently

appointed Dr Astrid Buran Holan as its new research scientist in the field of controlled
environment aquaculture, Norway.
Commenting on the appointment, Bendik Fyhn Terjesen, Nofimas senior scientist said:
[Buran] will strengthen the technological aspects of this field in Nofima, and contribute to the further
development of the Centre for Recirculation in Aquaculture (NCRA) at Sunndalsra.
Through the NCRA, which was established in 2010, Nofima contributes increased knowledge about
fish nutrition, physiology, health and welfare in the most important farmed species in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS).
As part of her new role, Dr Buran will focus on developing and integrating new and existing water treatment technologies
in recirculating and semi-closed aquaculture systems.
www.nofima.no/en
by Marnie Snell
AQUACULTURE
INDUSTRY FACES
Aquafeed complete solutions

from a single source.
Turn to Bhler for one of the most comprehensive lines of aquafeed process technology available anywhere: from raw
material handling, cooking and shaping through extrusion to drying and coating of finished products. With an extensive
know-how and a passion for quality we ensure not only product uniformity and production efficiency, but also maximum
sanitation and safety. Bhler gentle processing at its best. Visit us at the Victam Asia 2014 in Bangkok, Thailand from
8 - 10 April 2014 at booth A071 in halls 103 - 104. www.buhlergroup.com/aquafeed
Innovations for a better world.

International Aquafeed - March April 2014 FULL EDITION

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I N C O R P O R AT I N G

The Role of prebiotics in

Microalgae and aquaculture

Fish Farming Technology supplement

AN INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE FOR THE AQUACULTURE FEED

The role of prebiotics in pangasius production

Our 16 in this issue:

was able to escape at least temporarily escape the vicious storms

Professor Simon Davies

In our spring issue

Expansion towards 2020

esigned specifically for

feed timer software is included

Ioannis Zabetakis, assistant

based on user-selectable inputs

IAF is sponsoring the World Aquaculture

oday, there is consider able controver sy

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no higher risk for CVDs as the ratio

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Sharing analysis results

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Summary of outcomes from FAOs COFI

he 14th session of the FAO

4 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

Everyone supported better

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Plenty to do after wars

Roy Palmer, director, Aquaculture

ollowing on from the

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Looking to expand her horizons

by Dominique P Bureau, member

Practices negative for horseshoe crabs

he blood of horseshoe crabs

the horseshoe crabs would become

Offshore developments in Shri Lanka

ith the assistance of

initial $1.5 million on equipment with

xtremely poor weather

here is a looming fear of

enmark has made great

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Iceland Ocean Cluster - Fish

arine-based bio-industries received an injection of suppor t today

Biomarine TV has arrived

The sub-five minute inaugural

Seaweed Could be Next New Biofuel

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20 - years is the time it took for Canada to

Source: Canadian Government Department of

$690.9 million - was the value produced

Marine laboratory introduces elegant microalgal bubble column

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March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 7