1 Erik Dick - Design of A Small Hydro Kaplan Turbine With A Self Sealing Rotor

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
Department of Flow, Heat and Combustion Mechanics www.FloHeaCom.UGent.be

Ghent University UGent
Design of a small hydro Kaplan turbine
with a self-sealing rotor
S. Annerel, J. Vierendeels, E. Dick
Ghent University
Belgium
Overview
Motivation and initial design
Sealing rotor
Rotor flow analysis
Diffuser flow analysis
Off-design performance
Motivation
Turbine that can cope with flow rate variation
from design flow rate to zero flow rate
Needs movable rotor that allows complete sealing
Like variable opening valve with extraction of power
Complete flexibility in flow rate
6 locations on river Sambre in Belgium
Flow rate: 5.5 m
3
/s to 20 m
3
/s
Head: 4.40 m to 1.70 m
Initial design
Head (m) 3.60
Flow Rate (m/s) 16.0
Outer diameter (m) 2.00
Inner diameter (m) 0.80
Rotational speed (rpm) 130
Number of blades 12
Lenght diffuser (m) 4.00
Outlet diameter diffuser (m) 2.75
Shaft power (kW) 395
Total efficiency (-) 0.70
Initial design
Multiple stream tube analysis
Simple radial equilibrium inlet and outlet
No work exchange between streamtubes
Expressed for nine blade sections
Resulting design:
Overview
Initial design
Sealing rotor
Rotor flow analysis
Obtaining rotor sealingness
Initial design
Rated flow:
Closed:
Means to reach sealingness
Stacking (lean and sweep) is not efficient
Solidity distribution: large chord at hub
Thickness distribution: large thickness at hub
Camber distribution:
zero camber at hub, large camber at tip
Untwist rotor: large incidence at hub (10.8)
and negative incidence at tip (-2)
Closed at tip and hub
Adjustment of stagger angles: max 1.7
Blade form
Final design
Overview
Initial design
Rotor flow analysis
Rotor flow analysis: CFD package FLUENT
Flow domain
Inlet
Blade
Outlet1
Outlet2
1050mm
550mm
300mm
300mm
1050mm 287mm
400mm
600mm
600mm
Interior Plane (InletBlade)
Periodic Plane
Interior Plane (BladeOutlet)
Inlet Plane
Outlet Plane
Blade surface grid
Rotor flow analysis
CFD Analysis
(SRF, k- SST, EWT)
Radius 475mm
Big incidence,
but lower than expected
No separation
Relative Velocity Magnitude Vector (m/s)
Static Pressure Contour (Pa)
Rotor flow analysis
Radius 700mm
Rotor flow analysis
Radius 925m
Almost zero incidence
(small negative incidence)
Rotor flow analysis
Suction side
Static Pressure Contour (Pa) Relative Velocity Magnitude Vector (m/s)
Flow distribution stream tube analysis
Stream tube hub tip
Radius ( m) 0.4 0.475 0.55 0.625 0.7 0.775 0.85 0.925 1
u ( m/s) 5.445 6.466 7.487 8.508 9.529 10.551 11.572 12.593 13.614
c
1a
( m/s) 6.813 6.583 6.394 6.233 6.094 5.971 5.862 5.764 5.675
w
1u
( m/s) 2.046 3.182 4.297 5.399 6.489 7.571 8.647 9.717 10.782
c
2a
( m/s) 6.021 6.074 6.094 6.095 6.087 6.072 6.054 6.033 6.011
w
2u
( m/s) 6.619 7.15 7.80 8,.514 9.282 10.094 10.938 11.801 12.676
Flow distribution CFD analysis
CFD hub tip
Radius ( m) 0.4 0.475 0.55 0.625 0.7 0.775 0.85 0.925 1
c
1a
( m/s) 4.981 6.011 5.944 5.961 6.022 6.098 6.165 6.200 5.106
w
1u
( m/s) 2.305 3.249 4.384 5.472 6.563 7.626 8.692 9.737 10.586
c
2a
( m/s) 5.360 6.430 6.238 6.087 5.920 5.880 6.128 5.994 4.930
w
2u
( m/s) 7.002 7.645 8.395 9.250 10.104 11.035 11.842 12.697 12.931
Rotor flow analysis
Work extracted by turbine is bigger than intended
Flow is aligned to tip section:
more flow rate, more work
Unloading of the hub (fortunate)
CFD hub tip
radius ( m) 0.4 0.475 0.55 0.625 0.7 0.775 0.85 0.925 1
W ( m/s) 25.577 28.423 30.028 32.144 33.743 35.966 36.456 37.267 31.924
Performance
Diffuser recovery factor 0.70
Stream tube analysis: Q= 16 m
3
/s, H= 3.60 m
P
shaft
= 387 kW,
glob
= 0.69
CFD-analysis
P
shaft
= 540 kW, Q= 16 m
3
/s, H= 4.40 m ,
glob
= 0.74
(with mechanical losses:
glob
= 0.72)
rematching necessary
Rematching
Work extracted by turbine is too big
allow bigger flow rate
Open stator and open rotor
= 26.5 23 ,
tip
= 63.5 60
Some loss of efficiency
glob
0.70
Overview
Initial design
Rotor flow analysis
Diffuser design
Geometry
4000mm
400mm
600mm
370mm
Mixing Plane
Inlet
Blade
Cone
Diffuser
Velocity Inlet
Pressure Outlet
Diffuser analysis
CFD Analysis (Mixing plane, k- SST)
Static Pressure Contour(Pa)
Diffuser design
Radial Velocity Magnitude Contour (m/s)
Diffuser design
Axial Velocity Magnitude Contour (m/s)
Diffuser performance verification
Analysis planes
Outlet rotor
Inlet rotor
Outlet diffuser
Inlet diffuser
Diffuser performance: pressure recovery factor
Diffuser maps:
0,700
p
C
2 2 2 2
2
4
4.364
1 1
2 0.8
2 2
tip hub
L L
LR
R
D D
2 2
4 4
2 2
2 2
1.37
2.235
0.9165
A R
AR
A R
4 2
2
2
1
2
p
p p
C
v
2
4
2
11468.77
1608.21
6.112
p Pa
p Pa
v m s
0.700
p
C
0.700
p
C
CFD analysis:
Diffuser performance: = 26.5 20: post-swirl
Inlet diffuser
Outlet diffuser
Inlet diffuser
Outlet diffuser
Outlet diffuser
Inlet diffuser
= mixing plane
Axial Velocity (m/s)
Tangential Velocity (m/s)
Velocity variation
Overview
Initial design
Rotor flow analysis
Off-design performance:
= 26.5 20 ; = 63.5 78; Q=8 m
3
/s (H=3.20 m)
Rotor
Velocity Vector Fields:
No separated flow!
at radius 475mm
at radius 925mm
Diffuser
Off-design performance:
glob
= 0.60
Conclusion
Design of an axial hydro turbine with a movable rotor and
blade shape such that the rotor can be completely closed
was successful
Rated conditions: Q= 16 m
3
/s, H= 3.60 m
P
shaft
= 390 kW,
glob
= 0.70
Half flow rate:
glob
= 0.60

1 Erik Dick - Design of A Small Hydro Kaplan Turbine With A Self Sealing Rotor

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

1 Erik Dick - Design of A Small Hydro Kaplan Turbine With A Self Sealing Rotor

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

Department of Flow, Heat and Combustion Mechanics www.FloHeaCom.UGent.be

Вам также может понравиться