A.S.

Rao Balaji Institute of Engineering & Sciences Page 1

SIGNALS & SYSTEMS
QUESTION BANK 1
1. Explain the analogy between vectors and signals in terms of Orthogonality and evaluation
constant (or) Distinguish between orthogonal vectors and orthogonal functions.
2. Prove that if f
1
(t) and f
2
(t) are complex functions of ral variable t, then the component of
f
2
(t) contained in f
1
(t) over the interval (t
1
, t
2
) is given by
}
}
=
2
1
2
1
) ( ) (
) ( ) (
*
2 2
*
2 1
12
t
t
t
t
dt t f t f
dt t f t f
C
3. Explain even and odd functions.
4. The two periodic functions f
1
(t) and f
2
(t) with zero dc components have arbitrary
waveforms with periods T and T 2 respectively. Show that the component in f
1
(t) of
waveform f
2
(t) is zero in the interval (- < t < a).
5. Which of the following signals or functions are periodic and if what is its fundamental
period.
) 18 ( cos 4 ) 12 ( sin 10 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( t t t g ii e t g i
t j
+ = =

t
t

6. Prove that Sinc (0) = 1 and plot Sinc function.
7. Sketch the following signals.
) 2 ( 5 ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) ( ) ( 3 ) ( ) 1 (
2
1
) ( + + + H +
|
.
|

\
|
H t u t u t u t u t t u ii t
t
i
8. Sketch the single sided and double sided spectra of the following signal
|
.
|

\
|
=
6
10 sin 2 ) (
t
tt t x
9. Determine whether each of the following sequences are periodic or not. If periodic
determine the fundamental period.
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
8
sin ) ( ) (
7
6
sin ) ( ) (
2 1
n
n x ii
n
n x i
t

10. Evaluate the following integrals.
| |
}
}

+
2 / 5
2 / 1
8
1
) 3 ( ) (
) ( ) ( 2 ) 3 ( ) (
dt t ii
dt t u t t u i
o
o

11. Define and sketch the following signals.
(i) Real exponential signals for C = 0, o > 0
(ii) Even continuous time signal
A.S.Rao Balaji Institute of Engineering & Sciences Page 2

(iii) Unit doublet
(iv) Real part of damped complex exponential for o > 0.
12. Obtain the condition under which two signals f
1
(t) and f
2
(t) are said to be orthogonal to
each other. Hence, prove that sin me
0
t and cos ne
0
t are orthogonal to each other for all
integer values of m and n.
13. a) write a short note on Orthogonal vector space
b) explain how a function can be approximated by a set of orthogonal functions.
14. A rectangular function defined as,

< <
< <
< <
=
t
t
t t
t
2
2
3
,
2
3
2
,
2
0 ,
) (
t A
t A
t A
t f
Approximate the above function by A cost between intervals (o, 2t) such that the
mean square error is minimum.
15. Complex sinusoidal signal x(t) has the following components.
{ }
{ } ) ( sin ) ( ) ( Im
) ( cos ) ( ) ( Re
u e
u e
+ = =
+ = =
t A t x t x
t A t x t x
I
R

The amplitude of x(t) is given by the .
2 2
I R
x x + Show that this amplitude equals A and is
therefore independent of the phase angle u.
16. Consider the pair of exponentially damped sinusoidal signals.
0 ); ( sin ) (
0 ); ( cos ) (
2
1
> =
> =
t t e A t x
t t e A t x
t
t
e
e
o
o

Assume that A, o and e are all real numbers, the exponential damping factor o is
negative and the frequency of oscillator e is positive, the amplitude A can be positive or
negative.
(i) Derive the complex valued signal x(t) whose real part is x
1
(t) and imaginary part is
x
2
(t).
(ii) Determine a(t) for x(t) defined in part (i) where a(t) is envelop of the complex signal
which is given by, . ) (
2
2
2
1
x x t a + =
(iii) How does the envelop a(t) vary with time t.
17. Explain Orthogonality property between two complex functions f
1
(t) and f
2
(t) for a real
variable t. (or) Write short notes on Orthogonality in complex functions.
18. Let two functions be defined by,
A.S.Rao Balaji Institute of Engineering & Sciences Page 3

0 ) 2 sin( , 1
0 ) 2 sin( , ) (
0 ) 20 ( sin , 1
0 ) 20 sin( , 1 ) (
2
1
<
> =
< =
> =
t
t t t x
and t
t t x
t
t
t
t

Graph the product of these two functions Vs time interval -2 < t < 2.
19. The waveform shown in figure is sinusoidal in the interval from t=0 to t=1 and is an
isossilate triangle in the interval from t=2 to t=3. For all other t, v is zero. Write an
equation for v(t) using step, ramp and the sine functions.







20. Find the power of periodic signal g(t) shown in figure. Find also the powers of
2
) (
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 2 ) ( ) ( ) (
t g
d t g c t g b t g a








21. Let two signals be defined by,
) 10 / 2 sin( ) (
1 ) 2 ( cos , 0
1 ) 2 cos( , 1 ) (
2
1
t t x
and t
t t x
t
t
t
=
< =
> =

Graph these products over the time range -5 < t < 5

)) 1 ( 20 ( ) 5 / ( ) ( ) 20 ( ) 5 / ( ) (
) ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) 20 ( ) 5 / ) 2 (( ) (
2 1 2 1
2 1 2 1
+

t x t x iv t x t x iii
t x t x ii t x t x i

22. Find the signal energy of each of these signals. ) 4 / ( 3 ) ( ) ( ) 200 sin( 2 ) ( ) ( t rect t x ii t t x i = = t
23. Explain the concepts of impulse function. Also state the properties of impulse function.
24. Prove the following :

=
= =
n
k
k n u ii n u n u n i ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( o o
A.S.Rao Balaji Institute of Engineering & Sciences Page 4

25. Define and sketch the following elementary signals.
(i) Unit impulse signal
(ii) Unit step signal
(iii) Signum function
26. Sketch the following signal | | . 0 ) ( ) ( ) ( > + = a for a t u a t u A t x Also determine whether
the given signal is a power signal or an energy signal or neither.
27. Consider the rectangular pulse x(t) of unit amplitude and a duration of 2 time units
depicted in fig. sketch y(t) = x(2t+3).