P

e_max2
75.823psi = P
e_max2

sw
g d
max2
:=
Maximum External Pressure (100 yrs)
P
e_max1
71.251psi = P
e_max1

sw
g d
max1
:=
Maximum External Pressure (1 yr)

sw
64
lb
ft
3
:=
Seawater Density
k
t
1 :=
Temperature Derating Factor

h_2
0.5 :=

h_1
0.72 :=
Usage Factor
d
max2
51.995m = d
max2
d
max
HAT +
H
w100
2
+
s100
+ :=
Maximum Water Depth 100 years (MSL +
HAT+(Hw/2)+Surge)
d
max1
48.86m =
T
ins
16.33C :=
Installation temp.
T
i
54.44C :=
Max. operating temp
1.1710
5
C
1
:=
Coefficient of thermal expansion
t
corr
2.5mm :=
Corrosion Allowance
D 30in :=
Outside Diameter
Operation Design Pressure
P
d
1200psi :=
Pressure Design
P
e_min
34.094psi = P
e_min

sw
g d
min
:=
Minimum External Pressure
Maximum Individual Wave Height (100 years)
H
w1
2.4m = H
w1
2.4m :=
Maximum Individual Wave Height (1 year)
HAT 0.57m = HAT 0.57m :=
Highest Astronomical Tide
LAT 0.62m = LAT 0.62m :=
Lowest Astronomical Tide
1. Input Data
Zone 2 (24-47m)
The objective of this spreadsheet is to check for local buckling in accoording DNV 1981 Appendix B &
collapse pressure that is taken fromPlusOne Manual (Refer to. Pipeline Safety Code - IP 6)
OBJECTIVE:
BUCKLING CALCULATION
d
max1
d
max
HAT +
H
w1
2
+
s1
+ :=
Maximum Water Depth 1 year (MSL +
HAT+(Hw/2)+Surge)
d
max
47m :=
Maximum Water Depth (MSL)
d
min
920.472in =
d
min
23.38m = d
min
d
min
LAT :=
Minimum Water Depth (LAT)
d
min
24m :=
Minimum Water Depth (MSL)

s100
0.42m =
s100
0.42m :=
Storm Surge (100 years)

s1
0.09m =
s1
0.09m :=
Storm Surge (1 year)
H
w100
8.01m = H
w100
8.01m :=
1 of 6

yp2
0.82 :=
yp1
0.75 :=

xp2
0.96 :=
Operation condition

xp1
0.86 :=
Installation condition
a ) functional loads
b ) design environmental loads and
simultaneously acting functional
loads
Permissible usage factor
0.3 :=
Poissons ratio
E 3.01 10
7
psi :=
Modulus Elasticity
SMTS 71000psi :=
Spesified Minimum Tensile Stress
Material API 5L X-56 SMYS 56000psi :=
Spesified Minimum Yield Stress
2 of 6

x1
2.9 10
4
psi =
x1

x_N1

x_M1
+ :=
Longitudinal Stress

x_M1
0psi =
x_M1
0psi :=
Longitudinal Stress
Due to Moment

x_N1
2.9 10
4
psi =
x_N1
200MPa :=
Longitudinal Stress
Due to axial Comp.
(From Installation Analysis)

y
0psi =
y
P
d
D
2 t
:=
P
d
0psi := so
It is assumed that the installation stage will be the critical time for local buckling to occur. At this
condition the flowline has high moment limiting to 72% of SMYS. It has the no internal pressure to
counteract the hydrostatic head. Zero tension it is assumed which wil produce conservative result.
Axial Stress/Longitudinal Stress due to axial comp. (Installation)
ID 28.496in = ID D 2t := t 0.752in :=
Selected Wall Thickness
2. Local Buckling
3 of 6
if ratio1 1 < "OK" , "Need more Thickness" , ( ) "OK" =
ratio1 0.568 = ratio1

x1

xp1

xcr1

yp1

cr
+

:=
Buckle Ratio
1 1.537 = 1 1
300
D
t

cr

+ :=

cr
1.99 10
4
psi =
cr

E

E
2
3
SMYS if
SMYS 1
1
3
2 SMYS
3
E

2
3

E
SMYS
< if
:=
Critical Hoop Stress

E
1.99 10
4
psi =
E
E
t
D t

2
:=
Hoop Stress elastic

1
1.421 10
3
psi =
1
P
e_max1
D
2 t
:=
Hoop Stress

xcr1
5.489 10
4
psi =
xcr1

x_N1

x1

xcr_N

x_M1

x1

xcr_M
+ :=
Critical Longitudinal Stress

xcr_M
6.555 10
4
psi =
xcr_M
SMYS 1.35 0.0045
D
t

:=
Critical Longitudinal Stress (M act Alone)

xcr_N
5.489 10
4
psi =
xcr_N
SMYS
D
t
20 if
SMYS 1 0.001
D
t
20

20
D
t
< 100 < if
:=
Critical Longitudinal Stress (N act Alone)
4 of 6
b 5.096 10
3
psi =
c 2SMYS
t
D
C
l
:= c 1.391 10
14

kg
2
m
2
s
4
=
Det b
2
4 a c
( )
1
2
:= Det 3.778 10
3
psi =
x1
b Det +
2 a
:= x1 4.437 10
3
psi =
x2
b Det
2a
:= x2 659.256psi =
Critical collapse pressure is the least positif root,
therefor
P
cr
x1 x1 x2 < if
x2 otherwise
:=
P
cr
659.256psi =
if P
cr
P
e_max2
"More Thickness" , "OK" ,
( )
"OK" =
Safety factor against
Pressure Collapse
SF
P
cr
P
e_max2
:=
SF 8.695 =
3. Propagating Pressure
P
pr
1.15 SMYS
t
D t

2
:= P
pr
133.745psi =
P
e_max2
75.823psi =
if P
pr
P
e_max2
"More Thickness" , "OK" ,
( )
"OK" =
k
P
e_max2
1.15 SMYS
:=
Minimum wall thickness due to propagating pressure
t
nom
k D
1 k +
:= t
nom
0.57in =
if t
nom
t < "OK" , "More Thickness" ,
( )
"OK" =
4. Collapse Pressure
The critical collapse pressure for a perfect pipe is
C
l
2 E
1
2

t
D

3
:= C
l
1.042 10
3
psi =
constant of the quadratic equations are:
a 1 :=
b 2SMYS
t
D
1 0.03
D
t
+

C
l
+

:=
5 of 6
5.0 Result
t 0.752in =
Selected wall thickness
Buckle Ratio
ratio1 0.568 =
Buckling check
if ratio1 1 < "OK" , "Need more thickness" , ( ) "OK" =
6.0 References
DNV 1981, Rules for submarine pipelines systems 1.
Plus-One Manual 2.
6 of 6