10 reasons to choose Ubuntu

12.10 over Windows 8

Microsoft's Windows 8 dominated countless headlines in the weeks leading up to its
launch late last month, but October saw the debut of another major operating
system as well.
Canonical's Ubuntu 12.10 "Quantal Quetzal" arrived a week ahead of its competitor,
in fact, accompanied by a challenge: "Avoid the pain of Windows 8." That slogan
appeared on the Ubuntu home page for the first few hours after the OS's official
launch, and attracted considerable attention.
Apparently Canonical decided to tone down its message later in the daythe slogan
now reads "Your wish is our command"but it seems fair to say that the underlying
challenge remains.
Ubuntu comes with a variety of software packages, including Firefox, Thunderbird,
and the full-featured productivity suite LibreOffice.
Window of opportunity
Ubuntu is a widely popular open-source Linux distribution with eight years of
maturity under its belt, and more than 20 million users. Of the roughly 5 percent of
desktop OSs accounted for by Linux, at least one survey suggests that about half
are Ubuntu. (Windows, meanwhile, accounts for about 84 percent.)
The timing of this latest Ubuntu release couldn't be better for Windows users faced
with the paradigm-busting Windows 8 and the big decision of whether to take the
plunge.
Initial uptake of Windows 8 has been unenthusiastic, according to reports, and a full
80 percent of businesses will never adopt it, Gartner predicts. As a result, Microsoft's
big gamble may be desktop Linux's big opportunity.
So, now that Canonical has thrown down the gauntlet, let's take a closer look at
Ubuntu 12.10 to see how it compares with Windows 8 from a business user's
perspective.
Perhaps the biggest surprise for many users of Windows 8's mobile-style Modern UI
is that it has no Start button.
1. Unity vs. Modern UI
Both Microsoft and Canonical have received considerable flak for the default user
interfaces in their respective OSs. In Microsoft's case, of course, it's the Modern UI,
formerly known as Metro; in Canonical's case, it's Unity. Both are designed with
touchscreens in mind, and borrow heavily from the mobile world.
By removing the Start button and overhauling the way users interact with the
operating system, Windows 8's Modern interface poses a considerable challenge for
users, who face a significant learning curve.
Unity, on the other hand, became a default part of Ubuntu back in April 2011
with Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal. It has definitely undergone growing pains, but
more than a year has passed, and Canonical has revised the interface accordingly.
Although it still has numerous critics, most people concede that it has matured and
improved. Some observers, in fact, have even suggested that it may feel more
familiar to many longtime Windows users than does Windows 8.
One
advantage of Ubuntu Linux is that it supports multiple workspaces.
2. Customizability
Linux has long been known for its virtually limitless customizability, but given the
current controversy surrounding desktop interfaces, that feature has become more
salient than ever.
This is a point on which Windows 8 and Ubuntu differ considerably. Yes, Windows 8
does allow users to customize some aspects of their environment, such as by
specifying the size of Live Tile icons, moving commonly used tiles to the left side of
the screen, or grouping tiles by program type.
Most of the changes you can make in Windows 8, however, are largely cosmetic,
and they don't include a built-in way to set the OS to boot to the traditional Windows
desktop. A growing assortment of third-party utilities such as Pokki can restore that
capability, but otherwise you're stuck with Modern UI. Windows 8 offers what you
might call a "tightly coupled" interfacein other words, one that you can't change
substantially.
Microsoft's Windows Store was sparsely populated at launch, but company
executives have said that the number of apps will increase quickly.
Ubuntu's Unity, in contrast, is more of a loosely coupled UI. First and foremost, you
can easily replace it with any one of several free alternatives, including KDE, Xfce,
LXDE,GNOME 3 Shell, Cinnamon, and MATE.
Also available for Unity are third-party customization tools, including the increasingly
popular Ubuntu Tweak, while a raft of look sites are available for myriad Linux
interfaces with a variety of themes to change the desktop's appearance.
The rule of thumb with Linux in general and Ubuntu in particular is, if you don't like it,
swap in something else. Also worth mentioning is the fact that Ubuntu supports
multiple workspaces, essentially letting you run up to four different desktops;
Windows 8 Pro does not.
3. Apps
Whereas Windows 8 Pro comes bundled with Microsoft's Internet Explorer 10
browser, Ubuntu comes with a wide assortment of open-source software packages
such as Firefox, Thunderbird, LibreOffice, and more, offering both individual and
business users a pretty full suite of functionality.
Similar to Microsoft's SkyDrive, Ubuntu One allows users to back up and access
their files from Ubuntu, Windows, the Web, or a mobile device.
Beyond those bundled programs, both Ubuntu and Windows 8 offer app stores to
help users find the additional software they need.
Dating back to 2009, the Ubuntu Software Center now houses more than 40,000
apps, ranging from games to productivity tools to educational resources. In addition,
by usingWine or CodeWeaver's CrossOver, you can run Windows programs on top
of Linux.
The Windows Store just launched with Windows 8, and at the time of its debut it
includedjust over 9000 apps. Microsoft execs have said that they hope to provide
100,000 apps in the Windows Store within 90 days of the Windows launch.
Operating system binaries and drivers, however, will not come from the Windows
Store. Rather, it will have both Windows RT (ARM) apps and Windows desktop
(legacy) apps. Entries for legacy desktop apps in the Windows Store will take
users to separate sites where they can purchase or download the apps. Ubuntus
repository, on the other hand, centrally stores all operating system and app binaries
and drivers.
As a result, aside from numbers, a key difference between the two app stores
involves security. Ubuntu provides a GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG) keyring-protected
repository system wherein each application and driver has a unique keyring identity
to verify its authenticity and integrity as having come only from the Ubuntu repo
system. The keyring method of protection has been highly effective at ensuring that
no rogue applications find their way into the repoor onto users' PCs.
Historically, Microsoft Windows has lacked such a keyring-protected repository.
Although Microsoft does support its OS with monthly Windows Updates, no
comparable third-party vendor support for updates exists. Because of this situation,
users have had to venture online to obtain their own third-party-supported updates
manually at separate websites. The Windows Store was developed to mitigate that
risk and is specifically designed to curate apps, screen apps, and provide the
capability to purchase apps. Time will tell how well it succeeds.
Much
like the Windows Store, the Ubuntu Software Center gives users instant desktop
access to thousands of applications, many of them free.
4. Hardware compatibility
To run Windows 8 on your PC, you'll need a processor that's 1GHz or faster with support for
PAE, NX, and SSE2. You'll also need a minimum of 1GB RAM for the 32-bit version or 2GB
for the 64-bit version, along with 16GB (32-bit) or 20GB (64-bit) of space on your hard drive.
For graphics processing, you'll need a Microsoft DirectX 9-compatible graphics device with a
WDDM driver, Microsoft says.
Of course, that's the minimum. If you want to take advantage of Windows 8's touch features,
obviously you'll need a multitouch device. To make the most of the software,you'll want
considerably more than that.
Ubuntu's requirements, however, are much more modest: Canonical recommends 512MB of
RAM, plus 5GB on the hard drive. You'll also find versions such as Lubuntu and Xubuntu for
lower-spec machines. In short, if hardware is a constraining factor for you, Ubuntu is most likely
the better choice.
Microsoft's SkyDrive service lets users upload and sync files to the cloud and then access them
from virtually any browser or local device.
5. Cloud integration
Starting with the launch of Ubuntu One in 2009, the cloud has played a key role in Ubuntu Linux
for some time, enabling users to store files online and sync them among computers and mobile
devices, as well as to stream audio and music from the cloud to mobile devices.
Ubuntu One works on Windows, OS X, iOS, and Android, as well as on Ubuntu. Users of
Ubuntu Linux get 5GB of Ubuntu One storage for free; 20GB costs $30 per year.
Beginning with Ubuntu 12.10, the OS also integrates Web apps and online searches directly into
the Unity desktop for a more seamless experience.
With Windows 8, the cloud is coming to the forefront of Microsoft's platform as well. For
storage, Microsoft's SkyDrive offers users 7GB of space for free. If you need more than that, you
can have an extra 20GB for $10, 50GB for $25, or 100GB for $50 annually.
Storage isn't the only benefit of the cloud, however. Beginning with this new release, the new
Microsoft Account sign-in (formerly Live ID) lets you use a single username and password to
establish common preferences among all the Windows-based hardware and services with which
you work. The idea is to employ the cloud to connect your PCs, tablets, and smartphones through
a common, user-specific experience.
Ubuntu doesn't fully compete with Windows in this regard, since it doesn't offer counterparts to
Windows Phone 8 or Windows 8 RT that are tailored specifically to non-PC devices.
However, Ubuntu for Android is in the works.
Offering a browser-based control panel, Ubuntu's Landscape administrative tool can perform
most Windows Active Directory tasks.
6. Security
Although Windows RT apps run within a sandboxed environment for greater security, Windows
8 Pro desktop legacy apps have no equivalent. Instead, third-party software developers are left to
their own devices to add security measures to their apps.
Windows 8 and Ubuntu Linux provide their own firewalls, however, as well as the option for full
disk encryption.
Despite the fact that Windows 8 Pro offers some security improvements over Windows 7, the
new OS still carries forward with the WinNT legacy kernel, which is at least partially responsible
for the litany of security issues Windows has suffered over the years.
To mitigate some of those issues, Microsoft created in conjunction with partnering OEMsSecure
Boot, an extension to UEFI. Windows 8 now provides Secure Boot support on OEM systems,
while Ubuntu 12.10 offers a raft of advanced security features such as support for installation
with Secure Boot systems.
Additionally, Ubuntu Linux comes with Linux Security Modules (LSM) installed by default.
Other security-enhancing measures include chroot, seccomp, seccomp-bpf, and the newest
additionLinuX Containers (LXC)for third-party developers and users alike.
Just as an aside, it's interesting to note that, each year at Pwn2Own, hackers get a chance to hack
Windows and Apple Mac systems, but Linux is not included in the contest. No exploit can
escalate against (and gain root privilege on) Ubuntu Linux running AppArmor-sandboxed
Firefox.
7. Administrative tools
For administrative controls, Windows provides Active Directory, using dedicated Active
Directory servers.
Canonical supports Active Directory as well, and Ubuntu Linux clients can join to an Active
Directory Domain using third-party software such as Likewise Open or Centrify.
In addition, Canonical provides Landscape, an enterprise administrative tool of its own that can
perform most Windows Active Directory tasks. Landscape presents an easy-to-use, browser-
based control panel through which you can manage desktops, servers, and cloud instances.
Both
Windows 8 and Ubuntu Linux 12.10 offer support for popular VPN protocols.
8. VPN support
Users who require virtual private network support will find it in both Windows 8 and Ubuntu
12.10.

In Ubuntu repositories, the provided utility is OpenVPN, which uses a custom security protocol
based on SSL/TLS for key exchange. Both operating systems offer support for varied protocols,
however, depending on site-specific and inter-site needs.
9. User support
Microsoft offers support for Windows 8 Pro users through its TechNet subscription service,
which is priced starting at $149 per year.
Canonical offers Ubuntu Advantage service-level agreements starting at about $80 per year at
the standard desktop level, including legal coverage and use of the Landscape administrative
tool.
10. Price
Last but certainly not least, Ubuntu Linux is free, while Windows 8 Pro will reportedly cost $199
after the current introductory upgrade offer of $39 to $69 expires.
So which operating system is better for small-business users? The answer, of course, is in the eye
of the beholder. If one thing is clear, however, it's that any lead Windows may have once had
over competing operating systems is shrinking every year. Depending on your needs, Ubuntu
Linux 12.10 could provide a compelling alternative. If nothing else, it's almost certainly worth
your while to try it online or take it for a free test drive.
Windows 8 Pro (x86) Ubuntu 12.10
License fee $39 to $69 upgrade Free
CPU architectures supported x86, x86-64 x86, x86-64, ARM, PPC
Minimum RAM 1GB, 2GB 512MB
Minimum hard-disk space 20GB 5GB
Concurrent multiuser support No Yes
Workspaces One Two or more
Virtualization Hyper-V KVM
License
Not applicable GPL Open Source: Main, Non-GPL:
Restricted
Productivity software included None LibreOffice
Graphics tools included No Yes






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References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(operating_system)
http://www.pcworld.com/article/2013431/10-reasons-to-choose-ubuntu-12-10-over-windows-8.html
http://www.techotopia.com/index.php/The_History_of_Ubuntu_Linux