Vulnerable species

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Conservation status
The Golden Toad, last seen May 15, 1989
By risk of extinction
Extinct
Extinct (list)
Extinct in the Wild (list)
Threatened
Critically Endangered (list)
Endangered (list)
Vulnerable (list)
At lower risk
Conservation Dependent (list)
Near Threatened (list)
Least Concern
Other
Data Deficient (list)
Not Evaluated
See also
IUCN Red List
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Lists of organisms by population
IUCN conservation statuses
v t e
A Vulnerable species is one which has been categorized by the International Unio
n for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as likely to become Endangered unless the ci
rcumstances threatening its survival and reproduction improve. There are current
ly 4728 animals and 4914 plants classified as Vulnerable, compared with 1998 lev
els of 2815 and 3222, respectively.[1]
Vulnerability is mainly caused by habitat loss or destruction. Vulnerable specie
s are monitored and are becoming threatened. However, some species listed as "vu
lnerable" may in fact be quite common in captivity, an example being the Militar
y Macaw.
According to the IUCN they use several criteria to enter species to this Vulnera
ble category.
A taxon is Vulnerable when it is not Critically Endangered or Endangered but is
facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future, as defin
ed by any of the following criteria (A to E):
A) Population reduction in the form of either of the following:
1) An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected reduction of at least 20% over
the last 10 years or three generations, whichever is the longer, based on (and s
pecifying) any of the following:
a) direct observation
b) an index of abundance appropriate for the taxon
c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habita
t
d) actual or potential levels of exploitation
e) the effects of introduced taxa, hybridisation, pathogens, pollutants, competi
tors or parasites.
2) A reduction of at least 20%, projected or suspected to be met within the next
ten years or three generations, whichever is the longer, based on (and specifyi
ng) any of (b), (c), (d) or (e) above.
B) Extent of occurrence estimated to be less than 20,000 km2 or area of occupanc
y estimated to be less than 2000 km2, and estimates indicating any two of the fo
llowing:
1) Severely fragmented or known to exist at no more than ten locations.
2) Continuing decline, inferred, observed or projected, in any of the following:
a) extent of occurrence b) area of occupancy c) area, extent and/or quality of h
abitaty
d) number of locations or subpopulations
e) number of mature individuals
3) Extreme fluctuations in any of the following:
a) extent of occurrence
b) area of occupancy
c) number of locations or subpopulations
d) number of mature individuals
C) Population estimated to number less than 10,000 mature individuals and either
:
1) An estimated continuing decline of at least 10% within 10 years or three gene
rations, whichever is longer, or
2) A continuing decline, observed, projected, or inferred, in numbers of mature
individuals and population structure in the form of either:
a) severely fragmented (i.e. no subpopulation estimated to contain more than 100
0 mature individuals)
b) all individuals are in a single subpopulation
D) Population very small or restricted in the form of either of the following:
1) Population estimated to number less than 1000 mature individuals.
2) Population is characterised by an acute restriction in its area of occupancy
(typically less than 100 km2) or in the number of locations (typically less than
five). Such a taxon would thus be prone to the effects of human activities (or
stochastic events whose impact is increased by human activities) within a very s
hort period of time in an unforeseeable future, and is thus capable of becoming
Critically Endangered or even Extinct in a very short period.
E) Quantitative analysis showing the probability of extinction in the wild is at
least 10% within 100 years.
See also[edit]
Category:IUCN Red List vulnerable species for an alphabetical list
IUCN
References[edit]
Jump up ^ IUCN (2012). "IUCN Red List version 2012.2: Table 2: Changes in number
s of species in the threatened categories (CR, EX, VU) from 1996 to 2012 (IUCN R
ed List version 2012.2) for the major taxonomic groups on the Red List" (PDF). R
etrieved 2012-12-31.
External links[edit]
List of Vulnerable species as identified by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Spec
ies
[hide] v t e
Threatened species
IUCN
categories
IUCN Extinct in the Wild Threatened species Critically Endangered Endangered spe
cies Vulnerable species Near Threatened Least Concern Data Deficient Not Evaluat
ed Conservation Dependent IUCN Red List
Lemur
IUCN
species lists
Extinct in the wild lists Critically endangered lists Endangered lists Vulnerabl
e lists Near threatened lists Data deficient lists
Category Critically endangered categories Endangered categories Vulnerable categ
ories Near threatened categories Data deficient categories
Conservation
Biodiversity action plan Biodiversity threats Conservation biology CITES ARKive
Bird conservation Conservation status Conservation reliant species Ecoregion con
servation status Habitat destruction Latent extinction risk Rare species Vulnera
bility and susceptibility
Other taxa
Endangered arthropods Endangered spiders Threatened Banksia Threatened birds Thr
eatened rays Threatened sharks Threatened sturgeons The World's 25 Most Endanger
ed Primates The world's 100 most threatened species
[show] v t e
Threatened species by region
Categories: Vulnerable speciesBiota by conservation statusIUCN Red ListEnvironme
ntal conservation
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