Third Grade

English, science, Math and Social studies

We divide up the year into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter.
Each season lasts 3 months with summer being the warmest season, winter
being the coldest, and spring and autumn lying in between.

The seasons have a lot of impact on what happens on the earth. In the spring,
animals are born and plants come back to life. Summer is hot and is when kids
are usually out of school and we take vacations to the beach. Often crops are
harvested at the end of the summer. In autumn the leaves change colors and
fall off the trees and school starts again. Winter is cold and it snows in many
places. Some animals, like bears, hibernate in the winter while other animals,
like birds, migrate to warmer climates.
DAYS OF THE WEEK



MONTHS OF THE YEAR


LETS PLAY
INSTRUCTIONS










CLASSWORK



PREPOSITIONS


How to Learn
Your life will be a lot easier when you can
simply remember the multiplication tables.
So ... train your memory!
First, use the table above to start putting the answers
into your memory.
Then use the Math Trainer - Multiplication to train your
memory, it is specially designed to help you memorize the
tables.
Use it a few times a day for about 5 minutes each, and you
will learn your tables.
Try it now, and then come back and read some more ...
But here are some "tips" to help you even more:
Tip 1: Order Does Not Matter

When we multiply two numbers, it does not
matter which is
first or second, the answer is always the
same.

Example: 35=15, and 53=15
Another Example: 29=18, and 92=18

In fact, it is like half
of the table is a mirror
image of the other!
So, don't
memorize both "35"
and "53", just
memorize that "a 3 and
a 5 make 15" when
multiplied.
This is very
important! It nearly
cuts the whole job in
half.



In your mind you should
think of


3 and 5 "together" making
15.
so you should be thinking
something like this:
Tip 2: Learn the Tables in "Chunks"
It is too hard to put the whole table into your memory at
once. So, learn it in "chunks" ...


A

Start by learning the 5
times table.
B
Then learn up to 9 times 5.

C

Is the same as B, except
the questions are the
other way around. Learn it
too.

D

Lastly learn the "66 to
99" chunk



Then bring it all together by
practicing the whole "10 Times
Table"

And you will know your 10 Times Table!
(We look at the 12x table below)
Some Patterns
There are some patterns which can help you remember:
2 is just doubling the number. The same as adding the
number to itself.
22=4, 23=6, 24=8, etc.
So the pattern is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20
(And once you remember those, you also know 32,
42, 52, etc., right?)
5 has a pattern: 5, 10, 15, 20, etc. It ends in
either 0 or 5.

9 has a pattern, too: 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81, 90
Now, notice how the "units" place goes down: 9,8,7,6,
...? And at the same time, the "tens" place goes up:
1,2,3,...? Well, your hands can help!
Example: to multiply 9 by 8: hold your 8th finger
down, and you can count "7" and "2" ... the answer
is 72
10 is maybe the easiest of them all ... just put a zero
after it
102=20, 103=30, 104=40, etc.
The Hardest Ones
For me the hardest ones are 67=42, 68=48 and 78=56.
I often have to say in my mind:
"six sevens are forty-two", "six eights are forty-eight",
"seven eights are fifty-six"
What About the 12 Times Table?
Sounds tough, but once you have mastered the 10 table, it
is just a few steps away.

Firstly, 11 is mostly easy: from 112 to 119 you
just put the two digits together. 112=22,
113=33, ..., 119=99.


And of course 2, 5 and 10 just follow their
simple rules you know already, so it just leaves
these to remember:
312=36,
412=48,
612=72,
712=84,
812=96,
912=108


And the "Big 3":
1111=121,
1112=132 and
1212=144
More Help
I also have a longer list of multiplication tips and tricks if
you are interested.
You can test yourself using the times tables test.
You can try out Speed Math.
Learn Long Multiplication.
And if you are really good, see if you can beat the high
scores at Reaction Math.

The organisation of the body
The human body is organised into various levels that begin at the
very small and basic and come together to form the complete body
whose different parts work in unison. This can be seen as a kind of
ladder going from the basic to the very complex.
At the simplest level, the body is comprised of atoms.
Cells, tissues, organs and systems
The cell
The basic unit of body structure is the cell. All cells need food,
water, and oxygen to live and function. As cells use or metabolise
food and oxygen they give off carbon dioxide and other wastes.
The cell is comprised of the cell membrane, which is the outer
covering; it encloses the cell and helps it hold its shape.
The nucleus is the control centre; it directs the cells activities.
Cytoplasm surrounds the nucleus. Organelles are structures that
are suspended in the cytoplasm. The protoplasm refers to all
structures, substances and water within the cell.
Chromosomes are threadlike structures within the nucleus. Each
cell has 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes contain genes, which
determine our physical and chemical makeup. (Sorrentino, 1997)
To review some the most common parts of the cell, click here and
then roll you mouse over the image
Cell qualities
The cell is the most basic unit of life.
There are cells that are organisms themselves, such as
bacteria cells.
There are cells that only function when part of a larger
organism.
In the body, there are brain cells, skin cells, liver cells,
blood cells and many more.
All of these cells have unique functions and features.
Although cells may be very different and highly specialised, they
all have the same basic structure. They all have:
an outer covering called the membrane
a main substance called the cytoplasm
a control centre known as the nucleus
organelles dispersed within their cytoplasm.
The cell membrane protects the cell and regulates the passage of
materials into and out of the cell.
The nucleus is the control centre of the cell. DNA, which makes up
the genes, is found within the chromatin granules and within the
nucleolus is the RNA.
Organelles, which are structures found in the cytoplasm, are the:
mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell, function in
cellular metabolism and respiration
endoplasmic reticulum produces proteins and lipids and
transports these substances within the cell
lysosomes function in intracellular digestion and form the
self-destruct system of the cell
golgi complex concentrates some secretions, adds
carbohydrates to some secretions and packages
secretions for export from the cell
vacuoles are small cavities within the cell used to store
secretions or waste products
centrioles, cilia and flagella are composed of microtubules
o centrioles are contained in the centrosome and
are involved in mitosis (cell division)
o cilia aid in the movement of materials outside
the cell. For example, trapping of dust particles
in the respiratory tract.
o flagella are important in the locomotion of
sperm cells.
Functions of the cell
1. Respiration all cells require oxygen to metabolise food.
2. Ingestion and assimilation cells are able to select
chemicals from the surrounding fluid for their structure.
3. Growth and repair cells can synthesise new cytoplasm
so that growth can occur and repair worn out parts.
4. Excretion waste products are eliminated into
surrounding tissue to be transported by the blood for
elimination via organs.
5. Irritability and activity cells are able to respond to
stimuli. For example a stimulus causes a muscle to
contract or relax.
6. Metabolism cells are able to break down and use
substances from food as fuel.
7. Reproduction cells reproduce by simple division but
some cells can never be replaced once destroyed. For
example, central nervous system cells.
Activity 2
In this activity you will learn about the structure and function of
cells. Click here
Tissues
Groups of cells form tissues and there are four main types. The
structure of tissues reflects their function.
Types Function Example
Epithelial Protection Skin
Connective Support Bones
Muscular Movement Skeletal
Nervous Communication Brain
Epithelial tissue
This tissue covers the body surfaces and lines its cavities. Some
specialise to form glands.
The functions of epithelial tissue include:
protection
absorption
secretion
excretion
surface transport
reception of sensory information.
A gland is one or more epithelial cells specialised to produce and
discharge substances.
Endocrine glands secrete have no ducts and secrete hormones
directly into the bloodstream, for example pituitary gland.
Exocrine glands release their secretions through ducts, for
example salivary and sweat glands.
Connective tissue
This tissue joins other tissues of the body together, supports the
body and protects underlying organs.
Some main types are:
ordinary connective tissue - subcutaneous tissue and
collagen
adipose tissue - stores fat
cartilage - protects joints and supports soft tissues
bone - rigid supporting tissue of the skeleton
blood - lymph and lymphoid tissue - produce blood cells
Muscular tissue
Muscle is composed of cells specialised to contract.
Skeletal muscle is striated (striped) and is under voluntary control.
Cardiac muscle is present only in the walls of the heart, is striated
and is controlled by involuntary nerve messages from the brain.
Smooth muscle, also involuntary, is responsible for movement of
food through the digestive tract, and changing the diameter of
blood vessels.
Nervous tissue
Nervous tissue forms the brain, spinal cord and the nerves. The
basic cell is called the neuron.
Specialised to receive stimuli and send impulses from one part of
the body to another.
Organs
Groups of tissues come together to form organs. For example the
heart is made up of cardiac muscle and nervous tissues, held
together with connective tissues and lined with epithelium. Each
organ has a specific function.
Organ Function
Heart Circulation
Stomach Digestion
Brain Communication/coordination
Uterus Reproduction
Systems
Several organs working together form a system. For example the
urinary system is made up of the kidneys, bladder and ureters.
System Organs
Cardiovascular Heart, blood, vessels
Respiratory Nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole,
lungs, alveoli
Musculoskeletal Muscles, joints, bones
Integumentary Skin
Nervous Brain, spinal chord, nerves
Digestive Tongue, oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas,
gall bladder, small intestine, large intestine,
rectum, anus
Urinary Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
Reproductive Male: Testes, scrotum, vas deferens, seminal
vesicle, prostate, ejaculatory duct, urethra,
penis, glans, perineum
Female: Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix,
vagina, labia, urethra, clitoris, perineum
Endocrine Glands: pituitary, hypothalamus, pineal,
parathyroid, thyroid, adrenals, pancreas,
gonads: ovaries ; testes , and their
hormones.
Lymphatic/Immune Lymph glands and vessels, lymph, lymphocytes, T and B cells


The United States of America
Welcome to the United States of America, the "land
of the free and home of the brave".



The USA's People
The people of the United States are very
diverse. The people come from many different
cultures and backgrounds and practice many
different religions. The American people are
dedicated to the pursuit of happiness and freedoms
of speech and religion.
Children go to public school from age 5 to 18. The
average school day is seven hours long with a 45
minute lunch and recess break. Most high school
graduates go on to study at a college or university.
The USA's Homes
There are many different types of houses in the
United States. People live in single family homes,
apartments, townhouses (or rowhouses), mobile
homes, and even igloos in Alaska.
The USA's Culture
The United States, which is also referred to as America, is
made up of many diverse cultures, religions, and races. In
recent years it has become especially important to celebrate
these differences in the cultures and to acknowledge that it is
these distinct differences that make America unique and
special.

Music is everywhere in the United States. One special kind
of music that is typically American is called Jazz. Jazz
music has been strongly influenced by the music of Africa.
Electronic media is an important part of culture in the United
States. Television, movies, music, and video games take up
a great amount of American's free time.
Native Americans had lived in America for many centuries
before it was discovered. Gradually, settlers from mostly
Europe and Mexico populated the lands and drove off the
Native Americans from the lands where they had lived for
many thousands of years. Even though Native Americans
were the first people to live on the land of The United States,
the Native American population is only 1% of the total
population of the country. Many state and city names come
from Native American words. For example, Mississippi
comes from the word misi which means big and sipi which
means river.








The USA's Foods
Some favorite foods that Americans like to eat
include hamburgers, French fries, and a soda such
as Coca-Cola or Pepsi. In some areas of the United
States people refer to Coke or Pepsi as a soft drink
or soda pop. Pizza is another favorite among
Americans. Ethnic foods such as Mexican and
Chinese are also very popular. The diverse
population of people living in the United States has
brought many different foods to this country.
The USA's Activities
Baseball is often referred to as the American National pastime. Many
Americans also play or enjoy watching football, soccer, hockey and
basketball. Girls as well as boys are involved in many sports in the
United States.
The USA's Animals
The northwestern states are home to grizzly bears, elk, and
deer. Southern states are home to crocodiles and
snakes. Northeastern states have many opossum, raccoon, rabbits,
skunk and deer in the forests. There are many different climates and
ecosystems in the United States that each hold a unique variety of
animals and plants.



The USA's Holidays and Celebrations
Thanksgiving is celebrated on November 29th. It is a time
to give thanks for the harvest. The holiday was started in
the 1600's with the Pilgrims who first came to
America. President Lincoln declared Thanksgiving a
national holiday in 1863.
On Thanksgiving it is tradition to celebrate with a big
meal. Most Americans serve turkey or ham, cranberry
sauce, potatoes, corn, and pumpkin pie as well as many
other foods. Families usually try to have Thanksgiving
together.
The USA's Land
The United States is made up of many cities,
suburbs, and smaller towns. Big cities can be found
in every state. The cities, states, and regions of the
United States often have unique landmarks, foods,
celebrations, and dialects that make them different
from other areas of this vast nation.
It is usually cooler in the north and warmer in the
south. Most of the United States goes through four
seasonal changes: winter, spring, summer, and fall.
The USA's Cities and Landmarks
The Statue of Liberty was a special gift that was
given to the United States by the country of
France. The statue is located on a small island off
the coast of New York and New Jersey. The statue
has been a symbol of freedom to Americans since it
welcomed many immigrants on their way in to Ellis
Island.




The USA's Facts:
Area: 3,536,341 sq.
miles
Capital
City: Washington,
DC
Population: 272
million
Main
Language: English
Currency: US Dollar
Industries: leading
industrial power in
the world, highly
diversified and
technologically
advanced; petroleum,
steel, motor vehicles,
aerospace,
telecommunications,
chemicals,
electronics, food
processing,
consumer goods,
lumber, mining