Logistics call for an understanding of the totak supply chain, the elements of which include inventories, packing, forwarding, freigh, storage and handling. Logistics is responsible for all the movemtn that takes place within the organisation whwther it is inbound logistics of incoming, raw materials or movemtn within the company or the physical distribution of finished goods, logistics encompasses all of these. Tupicsl logistics framewors mainly consists of Physical Supply, Internal Operations and Physical Distribution of Goods and Services. To put it more simply, the material supply logistics starts from the base level of generation of the demend, through the process of purchase and supply of materials from the vendor right through to final accecptance and payments to supplier and issue to indenter and has to be considered as a one whole activity with each stage having an impact on price/cost of material supply. Logistics is, in itself, a system; it is a network of related activities with the purpose of managing the oderly flow of material and personnel within the logistics chain. DEFINITION The simplest way to describe the logistics is to say that it is all about ways and; meeting the demand for materials i.e. satisfying the customer with what he wants, where he wants etc. The most wide spread definition from Council of Logistic Management says Logistics is the part of the supply chain process and plans, implements and the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related :ion from point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet srs requirements. The study of logistics is especially important for bulk raw materials, where substantial outflow of freight is involved. Management of Logistics is an art which is extremely difficult to perfect in India, JIT ends up being SHIT somehow in time. The study of logistics is important to establish a lean supply chain would give an advantage of quick product change over, capability, excellent short and long term forecast visibility and JIT facility. MODES OF TRANSPORTATION IN LOGISTICS In order to transport material from one place to another place to another Logistics Managers are using Ril, Road, Air, & Pipe Line as the modes of transportation. A logistics expert need to understand these modes based on priorities, product type, lead time etc to decide the approximate mode of transportation. Rail: Used for delivery of a wide range of goods including coal, iron ore, cement, food grains, fertilizers, steel, petroleum products and other heavy goods. Road: Used by suppliers to deliver goods in a cost effective manner and best suited for short distances. Many transport companies have expertise for fast delivery, packaging etc for making scheduled delivery. Air: used commonly for delivery of high value and low volume goods from distant suppliers, usually not connected by any other mode of Transportation, it is also suitable for emergent item to be imported for some specific requirement. Water: used by firms for delivery of goods from distant suppliers, mostly conducted in containers of varied size. This mode is idea! for transportation of heavy and bulky goods and suitable for products with long lead times. Pipe Line: Used by oil sector companies for mass movement of Petroleum products including gases. Due to quite low operation cost it is one of the preferred modes of transportation. THIRD PARTY LOGISTICS Third Party Logistics (3PL) provider handles all or most of freight of the organizations including the management of information by the third party, freeing the company from day to day interaction with carriers, and having to oversee hundreds or thousands of shipment. New and cheaper information flow resulting from internet enabled solutions, will not only achieving immediate cost reductions in operations but also to enormous productivity gains over the next few years. The tracking and control of movement of goods drive freight optimization and asset utilization. The options are increased trailer utilization, combining full truckload shipments, consolidation, and aggregation of small buyers. Purchase asset based transportation is becoming increasingly a commodity. To put simply, 3PL refers to the outsourcing of a logistics function, it could be the use of a transportation carrier, a warehouse, or a third party freight manager to perform all or part of a companys production distribution function. The principle reasons of for this function are as under: Globalization of sourcing, manufacturing and distribution leading to an increase in the complexity of material movement. Competition that has forced companies towards more responsiveness and a reduction in inventories. An increased need for small but frequent shipments with 100 percent reliability, requiring core competence in logistics management. Resource constraints that require companies to concentrate only on their core manufacturing or new product development activities. FOURTH PARTY LOGISTICS: Fourth Party Logistics (4PL) provider is a supply chain integrator that assembles and manages the resources, capabilities and technology of its own organization with those of complementary service provider to deliver a comprehensive supple chain solution. 4PL is emerging as a path to achieve more than the one time operating cost reductions and asset transfer of a traditional outsourcing arrangement. Through alliances between best-of-breed third party service providers, technology providers and management consultants. 4PL can be described as the complete outsourcing of the logistics function including procurement of the service providers. 4PL companies are suppliers which have the expertise to manage resources, value delivery process and technology for their clients in order to allow their clients to totally outsource their logistics activity. The 4PLs do not compete with 3PLs as they have superior expertise in their respective fields by virtue of their investment and specialization. 4PL providers do not own assets for transportation or warehousing, but rather leverage the solutions created by 3PL providers, in order to identify and provide best in class services to their clients. There are many variations of the 4PL model that are practiced. Three different models are summarized as under; 1. Lead logistics provider: The 4PL provider acts as an in house freight management company, it might or might not have a role in the selection of 3PL partners. It takes care of transport invoicing and the monitoring of the perfornmane of the 3PLs 2. Solution Integrator: In this variant of the model, the 4PL acts as the integrator of various 3PLs and as a single window for freight negotiations, 3P1 selection and freight management on behalf of its client. 3. Industry Innovator: Under this modle the 4PL uses its expertise and resources to create a solution not for any single client, but for offering 4PL services to a number of clients in an industry. The services provided by a 4PL provider are: Freight Negotiations with 3PLs Freight Contract Management Continuous Improvement Programs Management of Service Providers IT solutions Risk management and insurance Cash-flow Management
RESERVE LOGISTICS Increasingly, as a strategy, to compete on services, companies offer repair replacement services for their products under the warranty periods. The products are often shipped across international borders to common repair 3 be refurbished and returned to the originating station. Logistics service providers who offer these services have to tackle issues pertaining payment on refurbished products, customs documentation and the establishment of collection points for repair for the customers. ESTIMATE As per the World Banks estimate, a unit in GNP in India generates increase of 1.5 times in freight transport demand. The rapid economic growth on set of the lliberalization in the last decade has substantially increased the potentiality of transportation in India. To cope with the expected rise in demand, investments have been made in last few years. Opening up of Indian economy has opened the doors for private sector participation; however, the response level is not on par with the expectations. Estimated increase in the output of the basic industries is like to create substantial demend for bulk transportation. With the expected annual growth of Indian economy likely to cross 10 percent mark in near future, transportation demand is also likely to rise substantially and estimated to become double in next ten years. A reduction in logistics costs by one percentatge point will mean a saving of $4.8 billion or Rs. 21,600 crores annually. The Indian logistics industry has now transformed from conventional transportation to integrated logistics solutions. The scope for outsourced logistics in India is growing at a tremendous rate as companies are realizing that outsourcing logistics has become cost effective for them. The logistics of a company is greatly influencing the profitability and the customer satisfaction. The logistics related expenditure in India stands at 12-15% of GDP, which is much less than the developed countries. But the trend is emerging and it leads to grow in the country. The size of the organized segment accounts for Rs.50000 crores, the industry is fragmented and is growing at a rate of 12-15% and is estimated across 20% in the next 5 years due to the rapid growth of e-commerce and the Internet in India. India being touted as Destination Future for the logistics service providers all over the world. Indian players are also gearing up and positioning themselves differently by providing a wide spectrum of logistics services. Whilst unlocking the hidden value of logistics is a major challenge, the true potential and the opportunities that exist need to be fully assessed. TRENDS IN PORT TRAFFIC The long coastline of India is dotted with 11 major ports that are managed by the Port Trust of India under Central Governement jurisdictiona and 139 minor ports under the jurisdictions of the State Governemtns. The ports are located at Culcutta/Haldia, Mumbai, Jawaharlal Nehru Port at Nhava Sheva, Madras, Cochin, Vishakhapatanam, Kandla, Mormugao, Paradip, New Mangalore and Tuticorin. The mojor ports handle 90% of the all-india port through put, and thus bear the burnt of sea borne trade. During 1996-97, the total cargo handled at major ports was 227.13 million tones, registering a growth of 5.6% over 1995-96. Dry and liquid bulk make up about 80% of the port traffic in colume with general cargo, including the containerized cargo, constituting the remaining traffic. The predominant commodities handled at these ports are POL (42%), Iron ore (18%), Coal (15%), Containers (8%), Fertilizers (5%), others (12%). Major increases in traffic were observed in respect of food grains (26.7%), other liquids (33.3%) and containerized cargo (19.1%). The composition of traffic has undergone significant changes in recent years. Berths in India, very often, are occupied 100% leaving no time for maintenance. PROBLEMS FACED Logistics continue to attract a low client spend in India. The industry also suffers from inadequate infrastructure, complex tax laws and insufficient technological aids. This is partly due to the fragmented nature of the domestic industry. A number of players offer only one or two services out of the gamut of products comprising transportation, warehousing, freight, forwarding, express cargo, delivery, courier services, container services, shipping services etc. FUTURE The challenge for logistics provides will! Be to add value via improved collaboration and visibility within the whole supply chain. An efficient Supply Chain enables buyers, manufacturers and service providers to collaborate on product forecasts and product flow. The implementation of e-procurement platforms as well as replenishments systems is expected to grow in the near future. Logistics service providers are using e-commerce due to cut costs and move goods and services both smarter and faster in a real time environment. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) has been widely used in all sectors since many years. Internet base EDI is starting to be adopted o SMESs. Linked to it are the electronic funds transfers and wireless applications, which are essential in applications such as tracking systems. The trends of visibility and collaboration through the whole supply chain, the supplementation of e-procurement platforms as well as replenishments systems are expected to grow in the near future. Since it is not practical to exchange substantial product flow and other demend driven data between various players via EDI technologies, Internet is extremely well suited for this type of application it is anticipated that internet based collaborative tools and standardized protocols will continue to accelerate in the future. Their adoption by Indian logistics service providers is essential to gain a competitive edge. 1.2 INDUSTRY PROFILE FREIGHT FORWARDER The service of a freight forwarder is often needed in the export process. This person advises clients in the logistics of how to transport goods to or from any area in the world. Freight forwarders are familiar with the import laws of foreign countries and make sure that the exports shipment of goods compiles with those foreign laws and that all paperwork is certified by the proper authorities. A freight forwarder will locate the best or mose inexpensive vessel to transport the exportes shipment of goods and to make certain that these goods get from the exporters to their destination. In addition, the professional forwarder is aware of the constantly changing regulations which affect cargo movements, such as foreign documentation requirements, hazardous materials rules, special packaging or handling restrictions, and any applicable licensing provisions.
TYPES OF FREIGHT FORWARDERS Ocean freight forwarders which are licencsed by th Federal Maritime Commission (FMC). International air cargo agents which are accredited by the International Air Transportation Association (IATA). The manner in which goods are transported (air freight or ocean shipping) depends upon the type, weight and size of the cargo, required speed of delivery, destination, and cost. Goods that are being shipped overseas must be properly 3ed and marketed. In deciding what packing method is a best, exporter must consider the tyope, weight, destination, and the mode of shipment of goods as well as the 3ed protection against breakage, moisture abd theft. The freight forwarder will e invaluable advice as to the best way goods can be transported overseas. international or multinational import and export. While the freight forewarder doesnt actually move )he freight itself, it acts as an intermediary between the client and various transportation services. Sending products from one international destination to another can involve a multitude of carrires, requirements and legalities. A freight forwarding service handles the considerable logistics of theis task for the client, receiving what would otherwise be a formidable burden. Freight forwarding services guarantee that products will get to the proper destination by an agreed upon date, and in good condition. The freight forwarding service utilizes established relationships with carriers of all kinds, from air freighters and trecking companies, to rail freighters abd ocean liners. Freight forwarding services negotiate the best possible price to move the product along the most economical route by working out various bids and choosing the one that best balances speed, cost and reliablilty. A freight forwardnin service generally provides one or more estimates to the client along with advisement, when necessary. Considerations that effect price will range from origin and destination to special requirements, such as refrigeration or, for example, transport of potentially hazardous materials. Assuming the client accepts the forwaders bid, the freight is readied for shipping. The freight forwarding service then undertakes the responsibility of arranging the transport from point of origin to destination. One of the many advantages of using freight forwarding is that it handles ancillary services that are a part of the international shipping business. Insurance and customs documentation and clearance are some examples. As a consolidator, a freight forwarding service might also provide Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier (NVOCC) documentation, or bills of lading, Warehousing, risk assessment and management, and methods of international payment are also commonly provided to the client by the freight forwarding service. A good freight forwarding service can save the client untold time and potential headaches while providing reliable transportation of products at competitive rates. A freight forwarding service is an asset to almost any company dealing in international transportation of goods, and is especially helpful when in-house resources are not versed in international shipping procedures.
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Another trend that is having an impact upon the logistics supply chain is the customer service/ customer satisfaction emphasis of most companies. It has long been recognized, that measures of service levels are important in ecaluating the performance. Some traditional measures have been length of order delivery cycle; order shipment times, percentage of order shipped completely and so on. Now the focus is more on the customer, woth measures of service and being aimed in that direction, for example the very best companies utilize such measures as percentage of orders delivered on time, percentage of service received complete(without any loss or damage), percentage of orders billed accurately and so on. On result of this customer service focus is that transportation services receive more attention and transportation companies are frequently viewed as partners providing higher levels of customer service. This has frequently necessitated sharing of data between shippers and carriers.
1.3NEED OF THE STUDY The logistics industry as such is heavily competitive in nature with all players trying various strategies to gain a hold of the market. In this scenario, the company wants to gain knowledge of their customer satisfaction level and the problems existing which would enable the company to acquire new markets. Retaining customers is very important for companies in a service-oriented industry. This survey was also conducted to know where Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd services stand in the minds of the Clients, so as to take adequate steps, if necessary, to become the first choice for the exporters and importers. 1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The retiainin based survey will help in increasing the service levels of Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd, among their clients and will help them to know what the clients are expecting from then. It will also help the organization o know about the additional services that need to be done, which on completion, will result in the better service offered. This will resukt in improved productivity, cost reduction and increased revenue for Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd The study will also give the level of satisfaction of active Cochin clients in the areas of Communication, Rates, etc., which will help the organisation to know what is their existing service level and take actions, if necessary, to improve the service levels. The scope of the study is limited to clients of Cochin. 1.5OBJECTIVES Learning the Working of Logistics Service Provider. To find the satisfaction levels of Cochin clients regarding the services provided by Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd service provider. Identify the problmes faced by the customers and their future expectations. 1.6 LIMITATIONS It is at the discretion of the respondent to givve the right feedback. The exporters were very busy and getting an appointment from them was very difficult. Most of theexporterds were located in varied places outside the survey area and adding to this long distance of travel, made the researcher to deviate from the planned schedule. 1.7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH DESIGN Descriptive research design and analytical research method is used for the study. POPULATION The exporters/Importers, who are Direct Customers of Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd., constitute the population. SAMPLE SIZE A sample of 24 Clients was taken based on the clients they serve. SAMPLING METOHD The survey employeed non-probability convenience sampling method SURVEY AREA The survey was conducted in Cochin City.
TOOLS FOR DATA COLECTING PRIMARY DATA The primary data was collected using an interview schedule with the aid of structred questionnaire prepared with respect to the objective of the study. The questionnaire had both opne ended and close questions. SECONDARY DATA Secondary data regarding the industry, company and products were obtained from the internet. Company publications. Books. ANALYTICAL TOOLS USED FOR ANALYSIS Percentage Analysis. Cross Tabulation. Non Parametric Freidman Test. 1.8 CHAPTER SCHEME The researcher details the study on customer satisfaction of Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd., under five distinct chapters. The first chapter briefs about logistics and also about the need, scope, objective, research methodology adopted and the limitation of the study. The second chapter talks about the organisational profile, it explains the various services rovided by the company. The third chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of data. Various charts and tables have been attached for easy and better understanding. The fourth chapter deals with the findings, suggestions and conclusion of the study.
2. COMPANY PROFILE FREIGHTLINKS INTERNATIONAL INDIA PVT LIMITED 2.1 INTRODUCTION The modern day International Trarnsportation poses the importer and the exporter a very wide range of challenges and extremes founnd in few other industries. Finding a cost effective solution to such a challenge is the objective of Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd.,. Whatever the logistics needs of your company, they have just the right kind of solution for you. They make ends meet by offering solutions in a wide spectrum of area comprising forwarding, customes broking, project shipments, logistics management & distribution and intermodal transport solutions. With powerful agents spread all over the world, Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd., is committed to providing customers with top class services to any corner of the globe. Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd., is manned by a Management Team who has collectively over 100 years experience in the Transportation and Logistics business. The company is networked nationally with offices located at all the metros and important business cities. Trium Logistics India Pvt. Ltd., is a registered India M.T.O with a very sound experience, computer integrated system and a very comprehensive network of associates and agents covering the entire world. They have a proactive approach to solving all logistcs and distribution needs and therefore deliver anywhere and everywhere consistently. Their tachnological and human resources are put to work to meen the growing demand of the international transportation needs. Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd., was amongst the few companies in India to be authorised to issue its own Bill of Lading. It is also one of the very few companies you would find who offer door to door insurance cover whilst carrying your cargo. Their progress from inception in 2000 is outlined below Pioneered the NVOCC Inter Modal Transportation in India. Established the NVOCC operations. Director General of Shipping granted the MTO License. Became the earliest Indian MTO to be a FMC Bonded operator. Established credentials as Projectr forwarders. Expanded the office network to cover New Delhi, Tiruppur, Coimbatore, Moradabad, Badohi, besides the already established offices in Cochin, Chennai, Bangalore and culcutta. Expanded into Air Freigh forwarding. Handled major shipments including the prestigious Michael Jackson Show. Became an IATA Licensed Air Cargo Agent. Became a licensed Custom House Agent. Obtained brea-bulk license to handle air import consolidation. Their above growth has been possible only because the considered their people as their strength. An Equal Opportunity E their employee strength is over 130 in all their 9 offices situated all c qualified staff, an upto date Computer systems, Communication facilities commited Customer Service, they are today a well respected organisation in the indusrty. With its state of the art computer hardware and software; up gradation of its IT resources. Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd., in association with its global partnesr offer the most satisfying service with periodic reports on work status. Now customers can enjoy the value of Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd., transport solutions. Now Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd. caters to your individual needs, to organize logistic all transportation needs by gaining buyers confidence and by sharpening competitive edge in the global market place. 2.2 VARIOUS SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE COMPANY DOOR TO DOOR: Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd., effective network of associates across the globe, their computerized E-mail! System and excellent relationship with all carriers ensures a sure and safe delivery of consignemnts to every corner of the globe, irrespective of their shape and size. Their door to door services is comprehensive and takes into accounr every cost factor. They not only provide their custimers cost savings at every step but also continuously strive to improve the quality of their services. Their door to door service is not limited to containerized cargo alone. Break-bulk Over deimensional Project Cargo etc. all can be transported with care and efficiency. Very few Indian MTOS can pride in issuing a M.T., document which has a thorough insurance backup for a door to door transoprtation. The Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd., M.T Document is fully covered for insurance. FREIGHTLINKS INTERNATIONAL INDIA PVT. LTD operates from all metros, major ports, and export centres. LCL CONSOLIDATIONS They offer a weekly consoidation service for all LCL shipments from and to India. Over 400 destinations world wide are covered through the Hub ports of Antwerpa and Singapore. They will continuously endeavor to consolidate direct containers to individual regions thereby reducing transit times and costs. They take pride in being able to provide a fail proof inbound and outbound consolidation service ti Indian exporters and importers. Where ever consignes are they deliver right through to his door. A remote country in Eastern Europe or the smalles island in the Caribbean, they deliver without much trouble. CARGO MANAGEMENT Continuing the concept of door to door service they have learned up with IME of the beast project cargo movers in the world to provide a complete packaged service to entrepreneurs who import plant and machinary into India. Their expertise the field of project cargo is quite significant and provides a comprehensive service Indian companies who are setting up project overseas. They offer packing, documentation, shipping, customs clearance, insurance, and delivery to sire all under one roof. AIRFREIGHT: They offer a weekly consolidation service for all LCL sjipments from and to India. Over 400 destiunations woldwide are covered through the Hub Ports of Antwerp and Singapore. They will continuously endeavor to consolidatie direct containers to individual regions thereby reducing transit times and costs. They take pride in being able to provide a fail proof inbound and outbound consolidation service t Indian exporters and importers. Where ever cosnsignees are they deliver right through to his door. A remote country in Eastern Europe or the smallest island in the Caribbean, they deliver without much trouble. DOMESTIC INTERMODAL: As pioneers in this segment of the transportation services, they take pride in offering the large Indistrial houses a very cost effective and complete distrinbution system for their products within India. With sound software backup they provide this distribution services grade wise, batch wise etc. as the manufacturers may require. By providing containarized transportation on decided rail service they cater to bulk movement of high density as well as voluminous cargo. This system not only brings about considerable cost savings but also safeguards the cargo against pilferage and theft. NVOCC SERVICES: Our NVOCC services cater to the large exporters and importers who predominantly ship FCL loads. They provide the most competitve rates and services from and to India. Their strength as a leading International Forwarder combined with the strengths of their world wide associates enables them to obtain the most competitve rates from leading carriers. Thei philosophy of door to door services is well pronounced in this form of transportation too. VALUE ADDED SERVICES: Their services go beyond the mere transportatiuon activities. They assist their shippers in the post shipment documentation, documents transfer, order follow up, temperory warehousing, marking, numbering insurance brokerage etc. In short they ensure that the exporter concentrates exclusively on producing quality products. They strive to provide him with a high degree of service which will go a long way in enhancing the quality of his product.
OCEAN TRANSPORT: Their services go beyond the mere transportation activities. We assist our shippers in the post shipment documentation, documents transfer, order follow-up, temperory warehousing, marking, numbering insurance brokerage etc. In short they ensure that the exporter concentrates exclusively on producing quality products . they strive to provide him with a a high degree of service which will go a long way in enhansing the quality of his product. Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd., range of services broadly specified generally should cover customers complete logistics needs. International Forwarding by Sea and Air. Custom Clearance. Project Forwarding bot Exports and Imports. Logistics Distribution Management services. NVOCC & LCL consolidation both to & from India. Air imports consolidation. Household goods packinf and removals. Storage and Warehouse services. To facilitate them to perform these functions they are: Indian Government approved Multimodal Operator. FMC bonded for trade to & from USA. IATA & FIATA members. Licensed for break bulk import air consolidation. Liccensed Custom House Brokers.
2.3 SPECIAL SERVICES EXPORT ORIENTED UNIT (EOU) Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd., has been involved in the entire export logistics for an EOU since its inception of this plant in April 1994. In order to provide dedicated logistic services a team of 5 personnel are full time based at the clients plant. JOB RESPONSIBILITY IS DETAILED BELOW: Preparation of pre-shipment export documentation for customer viz. packing list, Invoice, Contract etc. Preparations of all export shipment documents like shipping bille, certificate of origin, GSP certificate etc. Processing of Export documents with local cusoms co- ordination for transportation of empty containers to plant site. Co-ordination for lifting of all laden containers on completion of each lot. Co-ordinate with Carriers for space requirement on feeders/ main line vessels. Co-ordinate for release of bills of lading, freight certificate with Carriers. Complete all necessary Post Shipment documentation for submission to bank. Monitor transshipment of containers at transshipment port, and delivery at final destination with shipping lines on a regular baisis. Maintain and submit weekly reports to clients, as well as their International partners offices worldwide on shipment status of all cargo.
PROJECT SHIPMENT They have recently completed their assignemtn as Logistics Mangager for the movement of a Cold Rolling Mill, the planning of which began in early 1995. SHOW FREIGHT OPERATIONS: The company does freight operations for various shows. For Michael Jacksons show in Bombay the company managed the Logistics handling. The equiments were transported in 3 x An124 Antanov aircraft each of about 100 capacity. LIVE ANIMAL TRANSPORTAION They take pride in being the first Indian forwarder to organise the Sir Transpotation of 4 Baby Elephants for a Safari Park in UK. In close co- ordination with their overseas agents they have completed the formalities for the export of these animals by Air. The job involved co-ordination with quarantine department. Airline, Airport Authority, Customs and the transporter. The time sensitive and delicate shipment was completed to the full satisfaction of their clients on more than one occasion. BUYERS CONSOLIDATION: This is a service rendered to Large Buyers from overseas who buy vaired quantities from several vendors located at various places within India.
3. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION TABLE: 3.1 TYPES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADER Particulars No of Respondents Percentage Exporter 8 33.3 Importer 2 8.3 Both 14 58.4 Total 24 100
Interpretation The above table depicts that out of the 24 companies surveyed, 8 are export companies which accounts for 33.3% of the total respondents. This is followed by 8.3% of the respondents who deals with imports. The majority of the respondents about 58.4% deals with both exports and imports.
CHART: 3.1 TYPES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADER
34% 8% 58% exporter Importer Both
TABLE: 3.2 FORM OF ORGANISATION Particulars No of Respondents Percentage Proprietorship 0 0 Partnership 6 25 Private Ltd 12 50 Public Ltd 6 25 Total 24 100
Interpretation
It can be inferred from the followiung table that out of 24 companies, 6 are partnership concern which accounts for 25% of the total respondents. This is followed by 12 private company which accounts for 50% of the total companies surveyed. And the rest 6 are being categorized under public ltd co. that covers the remaining25%. CHART: 3.2 FORM OF ORGANIZATION
0% 25% 50% 25% Propietorship Partnership Private Ltd Public Ltd TABLE: 3.3 FREQUENCY OF EXPORTS/IMPORTS Particulars No of Respondents Percentage Daily 0 0 Weekly 4 17 Fortnightly 8 33 Monthly 12 50 Total 24 100
Interpretation from the above table it is clear that out of the 24 clients majority of them imports/exports monthly, 33% fortnightly & 17% weekly.
CHART: 3.3 FREQUENCY OF EXPORTS/IMPORTS
0% 30% 61% 9% Daily Weekly Fortnightly Monthly TABLE: 3.4 AS CLIENT OF FREIGHTLINKS INTERNATIONAL INDIA PVT. LTD Particulars No of Respondents Percentage Less Than 3 Months 0 0 3-6 Months 2 8.4 6 Months- 1 Year 7 29.1 1-2 Years 9 37.5 More Than 2 Years 6 25 Total 24 100
Interpretation Out of the 24 companies surveyed, 37.5% are the clients of the FREIGHTLINKS INTERNATIONAL INDIA PVT. LTD for 1-2 years, 29.1% is for 6 months-1 year, 25%of them are clients of FREIGHTLINKS INTERNATIONAL INDIA PVT. LTD for more than 2 years and 8.4% is for 3-6 months
CHART:3.4 AS CLIENT OF FREIGHTLINKS INTERNATIONAL INDIA PVT. LTD
0% 8% 29% 38% 25% Less Than 3 Months 3-6 Months 6 Months- 1 Year 1-2 Years More Than 2 Years TABLE: 3.5 TERMS AND CONDITIONS Particulars No of Respondents Percentage Flexible 22 91.6 Semi-Flexible 2 8.4 Strict 0 0 Total 24 100
Interpretation Form the above table it can be inferred that 91.6% of the clients feel the terms and conditions of Freightlinks International are flexible and only 8.4% has told semi- flexible.
CHART: 3.5 TERMS AND CONDITIONS
92% 8% 0% Flexible Semi-flexible Strict TABLE: 3.6 COMMUNICATION Particulars No of Respondents Percentage Good 14 58.3 Average 10 41.7 Poor 0 0 Total 24 100
Interpretation It is inferred from the above table that 58.3% of the respondents feel communication between the clients and Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd is good, 47.7% feels it is average.
CHART: 3.6 COMMUNICATION
58% 42% 0% Sales Good Average Poor TABLE: 3.7 FREIGHT RATE Particulars No of Respondents Percentage Good 5 20.5 Average 19 79.5 Poor 0 0 Total 24 100
Interpretation 79.5% of the clients say freight rates are neither good nor poor and 20.5% of the clients are happy with the freight rates what FREIGHTLINKS INTERNATIONAL INDIA PVT. LTD offers.
CHART: 3.7 FREIGHT RATE
21% 79% 0% Sales Good Average Poor TABLE: 3.8 RELEASING BL Particulars No of Respondents Percentage Good 18 75 Average 3 12.5 Poor 3 12.5 Total 24 100
Interpretation Majority of the clients surveyed have said that BL is released at proper time, only 12.5% of clients have said that they are pooor. So the documents should be made available to clients at the right time.
CHART:3.8 RELEASING BL
75% 12% 13% Sales Good Average Poor TABLE: 3.9 INLAND TRANSPORTATION Particulars No of Respondents Percentage Good 15 62.5 Average 9 37.5 Poor 0 0 Total 24 100
Interpretation 62% of clients said that transportation provided is good; however 38% of clients said they are average. So still the service of inland transportation can be improved.
CHART:3.9 INLAND TRANSPORTATION
62% 38% 0% Sales Good Average Poor TABLE: 3.10 CARGO HANDLING Particulars No of Respondents Percentage Good 18 75 Average 6 25 Poor 0 0 Total 24 100
Interpretation From the above table it can be inferred that 75% of the clients said that cargo handling is good and 25% said it is average.
CHART: 3.10 CARGO HANDLING
75% 25% 0% Sales Good Average Poor TABLE: 3.11 TRACKING SYSTEM Particulars No of Respondents Percentage Good 0 0 Average 2 8.4 Poor 22 91.6 Total 24 100
Interpretation 92% of the clients said that they are not awerse or updates are not made by the organization on the vessel/flight details.
CHART:3.11 TRACKING SYSTEM
0% 8% 92% Sales Good Average Poor TABLE: 3.12 PRE-SHIPMENT INFORMATION Particulars No of Respondents Percentage Good 10 41 Average 9 38 Poor 5 21 Total 24 100
Interpretation 41% of the clients said that FREIGHTLINKS INTERNATIONAL INDIA PVT. LTD is good at giving pre-shiment information to the clients and advising them on what can be done furhter, 38% said it is average and the remaining 21% said it is poor.
CHART:3.12 PRE-SHIPMENT INFORMATION
42% 37% 21% Sales Good Average Poor TABLE: 3.13 POST-SHIPMENT INFORMATION Particulars No of Respondents Percentage Good 5 21 Average 15 62 Poor 4 17 Total 24 100
Interpretation It is inferred from the data collected that 21% of the clients feel that post shipment information and documents are delivered at the right time, 62% feels it is average and 17% feels it is poor. CHART: 3.13 POST-SHIPMENT INFORMATION
21% 62% 17% Sales Good Average poor
TABLE: 3.14 USING THE SERVICE OF OTHER FORWARDERS Particulars No of Respondents Percentage Yes 22 91.6 No 2 8.4 Total 24 100
Interpretation It is inferred from the data collected that only 8.4% of the clients are using the FREIGHTLINKS INTERNATIONAL INDIA PVT. LTDs service alone and the remianing 91.6% are using the service of other forwarders also.
CHART:3.14 USING THE SERVICE OF OTHER FORWARDERS
92% 8% Sales Yes No
TABLE: 3.15 RESPONSE TO SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS Particulars No of Respondents Percentage Good 18 75 Average 6 25 Poor 0 0 Total 24 100
Interpretation
It is inferred from the data that the majority of the clients feel the response of FREIGHTLINKS INTERNATIONAL INDIA PVT. LTD to shipping instructions are good and only 25% feels neither good nor bad.
CHART:3.15 RESPONSE TO SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS
75% 25% 0% Sales Good Average Poor
TABLE: 3.16 BOOKING OF CARGO BY IMMEDIATE VESSEL/FLIGHT Particulars No of Respondents Percentage Good 12 50 Average 8 17 Poor 4 33 Total 24 100
Interpretation From the data collected 50% of the clients feel Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd is able to book the vessel/flight as per the clients choice with rates matching them, 33% feel it is average and the remainign 17% feels it is poor.
CHART: 3.16 BOOKING OF CARGO BY IMMEDIATE VESSEL/FLIGHT
50% 33% 17% Sales Good Average Poor
TABLE: 3.17 COLLECTIONS OF SHIPPING/AIR DOCUMENTS Particulars No of Respondents Percentage Good 21 87.5 Average 3 12.5 Poor 0 0 Total 24 100
Interpretation It is inferred from the data that 87.45% of clients feel that FREIGHTLINKS INTERNATIONAL INDIA PVT. LTD is doing an in collection of shipping/air documents for quick clearance.
CHART:3.17 COLLECTION OF SHIPPING/AIR DOCUMENTS
87% 13% 0% Sales Good Average Poor
TABLE: 3.18 STRENGTH WITH MAJOR SHIPPING/AIRLINES Particulars No of Respondents Percentage Good 11 41 Average 9 38 Poor 4 21 Total 24 100
Interpretation the above table shows that 41% of them feel that FREIGHTLINKS INTERNATIONAL INDIA PVT. LTD has got good relationship with major airlines and liners. 38% of the clinets feel the relationship is average and the remianing 21% feels the relationship is poor.
CHART: 3.18 STRENGTH WITH MAJOR SHIPPING/AIRLINES
46% 37% 17% Sales Good Average Poor TABLE: 3.19 TIME TAKEN TO DELIVER THE CARGO Particulars No of Respondents Percentage Good 0 0 Average 23 96 Poor 1 4 Total 24 100
Interpretation 96% of the clients surveyed said that the cargo is delivered at the right time from the date of arrival and the remianing 4% are not hapy with the time taken to deliver the averages.
CHART: 3.19 TIME TAKEN TO DELIVER THE CARGO
0% 96% 4% Sales Good Average Poor
TABLE: 3.20 COMPLAINTS FROM CONSIGNEE Particulars No of Respondents Percentage Yes 1 402 No 23 95.8 Total 24 100
Interpretation It is inferred from the data collected that very minimum amount of complaint of 4.2% has been received from the consignee. CHART: 3.20 COMPLAINTS FROM THE CONSIGNEE
4% 96% Sales Yes No
TABLE: 3.21 CROSS TABULATION PRE-SHIPMENT INFORMATION * POST SHIPMENT INFORMATION CROSS TABULATION Pre shipment Information post shipment information Total Good Average bad Good Pre Shipment information Post Shipment information 100.0% 100.0% Average Pre Shipment information Post Shipment information 100.0% Bad Pre Shipment information Post Shipment information 100.0% Total Pre Shipment information Post Shipment information 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Interpretation From the cross tab it was found that only 50% of the respondents who felt pre- shipment information as good found the post shipment information good. 89% felt that the post shipment information as average those include the respondents who felt the preshipment information as average 60% of the respondents who felt pre- shipment information as bad also felt the post shipment as bad.
TABLE: 3.22 STRENGTH WITH MAJOR AIRLINES/SHIPPING COMPANIES IN GETTING SPACE, FREIGHT, ETC... * BOOKING THE CARGO BY IMMEDIATE FLIGHT / VESSEL Strength with major airline/shipping companies in getting space, freight etc. Booking the cargo by immediate flight/vessel Total Good Average bad Good Strength with major airline/shipping companies in getting freight, etc. % within Post Shipment Information Booking the cargo by immediate flight? vessel
Average Strength with major airline/shipping companies in getting freight, etc. % within Post Shipment Information Booking the cargo by immediate flight? vessel
Bad Strength with major airline/shipping companies in getting freight, etc. % within Post Shipment Information Booking the cargo by immediate flight? vessel
Total Strength with major airline/shipping companies in getting freight, etc. % within Post Shipment Information Booking the cargo by immediate flight? vessel
Interpretation 90% of the respondents who felt strength with major airlines/shipping is good also felt that the booking by the cargo is immediate as good. 78% of the respondents who felt strength with major airlines / shipping is average also felt the booking by the cargo is immediate as average. Whereas 100% of the respondents who felt strength with major airlines/ shipping is bad alos felt that the booking by the cargo is immediate as bad. TABLE: 3.23 NON PARAMETRIC TEST RANKS MEAN RANK FREIGHT RATE 2075 SERVICE 3.04 TRANSIT 2.79 GOODWILL 3.08 SAFETY 3.33 Interpretation From the Freidman test it is inferred that the freight rate is ranked best among the other parameters. Transit is ranked second followed by service, goodwill and safety.
4.1 FINDINGS Majority of the respondents are clients of Freighlink Logistics India Pvt. Ltd for more than one year. Almost 90% of the clients feel that the terms and conditions of Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd is flexible. Majority of the respondents feel that communication between the customer and the company is good. Most of the clients said they were neither satisfied or nor dissatisfied with the rates that are provided by freighlinks International India Pvt Ltd. Bill of lading is released at the proper time. The Post-shipment information given is not good as pre-shipment information. Majority of the clients are using the service of other forwarders. Constant information flow on status of all consignments is not given properly. Booking of cargo by immediate vessel/flight is good through their relation with major airlines/shipping company is average. Timely clearance and delivery from Indian air and sea ports to destinations is poor. Clients are expecting a separate slot or space for them in warehouse for their goods through they feel cargo handling by FREIGHTLINKS INTERNATIONAL INDIA PVT. LTD is good. Tracking system of the company is not being used properly.
4.2 SUGGESTIONS Employees should be given training to use the latest software packages. Tracking system should be updated and make an awareness to the clients about such service existing. Pre-alerts should give to the clients on time so that it may be helpful for them in making necessary arrangements. Constant updates about consignments should be given to the clients through phone or mail. Each client should be given individual attention for developing a better relationship by organizing a get together party. Marketing sales person should be trained well in order to maintain a healthy relationship with the existing clients. Proper pre planning for the clearance of the cargo. Proper follow up should be there even after the shipment is on board.
CONCLUSION
In the survey conducted on Cochin clients, it has been found out that the majority of exporters/ importers were satisfied with the services of Freighlink Logistics Pvt. Ltd, except for rates and communication i.e. in letting the information given to the clients. The employees should be trained to use the latest softwares and other upgrading should be made known to the employees. The clients should be communicated and given all the information that is required for them. The tracking system should be updated and made the clients aware of the use of such system. This helps the clients to know where their goods are and what the time of shipment arrival. The marketing department should be made optimal use of by getting new clients that helps the organization in developing. More interactions between FREIGHLINK INTERNATIONAL INDIA PVT. LTD and the clients by means of organizing frequent contact programs will strengthen the bond between the two parties, which will ultimately benefit Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PUBLISHED SOURCES
Dr. Krishnaveni Muthiah, Logistics Management and World Sea Borne, 2001 edition
P. Saravanavel, Research Methodology, 15 th edition, 2004.
C.R. Kothari, Research Methodlogy (Methods and Techniques), 2000 edition.
WEBSITES http://www.freightlinksindia.com www.logistics.net www.imaritime.com www.tradeport.org QUESTIONNAIRE 1. Name & Address of the Organization 2. Are you an Exporter Importer Both 3. Form of organization Proprietorship Partnership Private Ltd Public Ltd 4. Frequency of exports/ Imports Daily Weekly Fortnightly Monthly 5. Mode of operation Door Door Door Port Port Port Port Door 6. Parameters you consider while choosing a Freight Forwarder (Rank them) Freight rare Services Transit time Goodwill Safety 7. How long have you been the client of Freighlinks International India Pvt. Ltd.? Less than 3 months 3 months - 6 months 6 months 1 year 1 year 2 year More than 2 years 8. Your opinion about the terms and conditions of Freightlinks International Pvt. Ltd Flexible Semi-flexible Strict 9. Rate the service provided by Freighlinks International Pvt. Ltd., based on your satisfaction
Particulars Good Average Poor Communication Freight Rates Releasing BL Transportation Cargo handling Tracking system 10. Your opinion about the pre shipment and post shipmen information by Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd.,
Particulars Good Average Poor Pre- shipment Post - shipment
11. Do you avail the service of any other freight forwarders? Yes No 12. How do you rate Freightlinks India Pvt. Ltd., on the following parameter? Particulars Good Average Poor Time taken in contacting the supplier after getting information
Tracking the cargo by immediate vessel or flight.
Arrangements made to collect shipping/ air documents for clearance process.
Their strength with major Airlines/ shipping companies in getting space, freight and other services.
Time taken to deliver the goods from the date of arrival.
13. Do you get any complaint about Freighlinks International India Pvt. Ltd., services from your consignee? Yes No 14. If yes, state the complaints: 15. What are the additional services you expect from Freightlinks International India Pvt. Ltd.? .