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SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING



___________________________________________________________

POWER ELECTRONICS PROJECT
Eddington. M Chinembiri C1212459R
Decent Paul C111
Prince T Jealous C1212
Tanyaradzwa K Njovoringo C1212
Blessed A Saidi C1212
Tanyaradzwa D Tapfuma C1212420Z




CHAPTER 1
TITLE




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A DESIGN FOR THE SPEED CONTROL OF A DC MOTOR USING PULSE WIDTH
MODULATION FOR CONTROLLING SCREW MOVEMENT.
INTRODUCTION
A direct current (DC) motor is another widely used device that translates electrical pulses
into mechanical movement. In the DC motor we have only + and leads. Connecting them
to a DC voltage source moves the motor in one direction. By reversing the polarity, the DC
motor will move in the opposite direction. One can easily experiment with the DC motor.
For example, small fans used in many motherboards to cool the CPU are run by DC motors.
By connecting their leads to the + and voltage source, the DC motor moves. While a
stepper motor moves in steps of 1 to 15 degrees, the DC motor moves continuously. In a
stepper motor, if we know the starting position we can easily count the number of steps the
motor has moved and calculate the final position of the motor. This is not possible in a DC
motor. The maximum speed of a DC motor is indicated in rpm and is given in the data sheet.
The DC motor has two rpms: no-load and loaded. The manufacturers data sheet gives the
no-load rpm. The no-load rpm can be from a few thousand to tens of thousands. The rpm is
reduced when moving a load and it decreases as the load is increased. For example, a drill
turning a screw has a much lower rpm speed than when it is in the no-load situation.

BACKGROUND.

PROBLEM STATEMENT
Damaging of property due to over tightening and or under tightening of screws.
AIM
To control screw movements.
OBJECTIVES
To produce a dynamic screw size screwing machine.
To produce a machine which varies in screwing speed easily.
To produce a machine with both forward and reverse screw motion.




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DESIGN JUSTIFICATION.
The speed of the motor depends on three factors: (a) load, (b) voltage, and (c) current. For a
given fixed load we can maintain a steady speed by using a method called pulse width
modulation (PWM). By changing (modulating) the width of the pulse applied to the DC
motor we can increase or decrease the amount of power provided to the motor, thereby
increasing or decreasing the motor speed. Notice that, although the voltage has a fixed
amplitude, it has a variable duty cycle. That means the wider the pulse, the higher the
speed. PWM is so widely used in DC motor control that some microcontrollers come with
the PWM circuitry embedded in the chip. The ability to control the speed of the DC motor
using PWM is one reason that DC motors are preferable over AC motors.

LIMITATIONS OF THE DESIGN
The design is only limited to dealing with small screws majorly.
Shortage of adequate resources to really come up with a much more feasible design
Experience and exposure in handling and working with technological instruments.
Workforce.

DELIMITATIONS
This design is delimited to
Decreased efficiency, due to a large amount of power wasted in the controller
resistance.
Giving speeds below the normal speed.
The added complexity and the possibility of generating radio frequency interference
in the PWM circuits.

SCOPE






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There are many ways to design and develop a pulse width modulated dc motor for screw
movement control. This project requires extensive research that might widen up the scope.
Hence the projects scope needs to be defined first in order for this project to research its
objectives.
Our device can be designed in For effective use of device it has to be portable, and to be
hand held for easiness of use.

















DEVELOPMENT ,ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION OF THE BEST SOLUTION



Conclusion





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The present project is practical one and high feasibility according to economic point
of view, reliability & accuracy. It is programmable one therefore it can control
various motors ranging small one to several hp motors.








REFERENCES
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2. F. Gustafsson, S. Ahlqvist, U. Forssell, and N. Persson, Sensor fusion for accurate
computation of yaw rate and absolute velocity, SAE paper 2001-01-1064, 2001.

3. N. Persson et al., Tire Pressure Estimation, International patent application
WO0187647, 1999.

4. N. Persson and F. Gustafsson, Event Based Sampling with Application to Vibration
Analysis in Pneumatic Tires, in ICASSP 2001.

5. T. Takeyasu et al., Tire Pneumatic Pressure Detector, EP 700798, 1996.

6. T. Naito et al., Tyre air pressure estimating apparatus, EP 925960, 1998.

7. F. Braun et al., Method and apparatus for monitoring the tyre pressure of motor vehicle
wheels, EP 938987, 1999.

8. F. Gustafsson, Slip-based estimation of tire-road friction, Automatica, 33(6), 1087-1099,
1997.




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9. J.Y. Wong, Theory of ground vehicles, 2nded. John Wiley and Sons Inc., 1993.

10. T.D. Gillespie, Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics, SAE International, 1992.

11. Schrader Bridgeport Standard Thomson. http://www.schrader-bridgeport.net/sld004.html,
2001-11-26.

12. Docket Management System, Docket number NHTSA-2000-8572. http://dms.dot.gov/,
2001-11-26.