A

SYNOPSIS
REPORT ON
Computer Lab Management System
Submitted as a requirement for the partial fulfillment of degree of
Bachelor of Technology
[COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING]
Of
Rajasthan Technical University, Kota



SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY
Er. Imran Khan NAME :- Sumit Ubana
(C.S.E) ROLL NO :- 10EATCS074
[COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING]
2013-2014


AJMER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to RajasthanTechnical University, Kota
Pushkar Bypass, AJMER


Introduction
Lab Management System can be defined as accuracy, reliability and timeliness of reported
test results. The lab information must be as accurate as possible, all aspects of the lab
operations must be reliable, and reporting must be timely in order to be useful in a
computer or management setting.

When making measurements, there is always some level of inaccuracy. The challenge is to
reduce the level of inaccuracy as much as possible, given the limitations of our testing
systems. An accuracy level of 99% may at first glance appear acceptable, but the resulting
1% error can become quite large in a system where many events occur, such as lab
management.
Lab System produce good results that are widely used in computer and management
settings, and System outcomes depend on the accuracy of the testing and reporting. If
inaccurate results are provided, the consequences can be very significant, including:

Lab management system is a system that incorporates all the processes needed for
effectively managing databoth incoming and outgoing management information. The
system can be entirely paper-based, or it can be partly paper-based with some computer
support, or it may be entirely electronic.
The lab should employ an active process for occurrence management and take a positive
approach. Make an effort to detect problems as early as possible, and then take immediate
remedial and corrective action. Be proactive and see opportunities to identify potential
error, thus preventing an occurrence. Finally, keep good records of all problems,
investigations and actions taken.







Computerized Lab Management Systems


A computerized system for lab data is often called a lab management system and is referred
to by the acronym LMS or CLMS. The use of a computerized system is becoming more
common in lab around the world. An appropriately designed and installed LMS brings
accuracy and accessibility to the flow of samples and data in the Computer laboratory.

There are a number of options available to those interested in developing a LMS. Some lab
may elect to develop an in-house computer network and use locally developed systems
based on commercially available database software, such as Microsoft Access. Others may
choose to purchase fully developed lab systems, which usually include computers, software
and training.

A LMS with flexibility, adaptability, ease of evolution and support, and system speed will
most benefit the lab. The speed issue is critical, as labs will not use something that is slow or
awkward, but if it saves time they will quickly accept the project and aggressively move the
process forward.

A complete computerized information system will be able to handle all the basic
information management needs. A computer system has the capacity to quickly and easily
manage, analyze and retrieve data.

Error reductionA well-planned computer system, with check Lab systems for errors, will
help to alert the user of inconsistencies and reduce the number of errors. It will also
provide information that is legible.

Quality control managementIt becomes easy to keep good quality control records,
perform analysis on quality control data and generate statistics automatically.

Provision of options for data searchingA variety of parameters can be used for data
retrieval; it is usually possible to access data by name, by laboratory or patient number,
and sometimes by test result or analysis performed. This kind of data searching is almost
impossible with paper-based systems.

Access to Mangment information Most computer systems allow access to all recent
laboratory data for a patient. This is very useful in the process of checking the most recent
results against previous data to look for changes, which is a good practice and helps to
detect errors. Some computer systems give enough information to determine the admitting
diagnosis or access other useful information related to the illness.

Generate reportsit is easy to generate detailed, legible reports quickly. A LIMS will
provide standardized (or customized) reports.

Ability to track reportsa computer system makes it much easier to track reports, to know
when work was finished, who performed the work, when the data was reviewed and
when the report was sent.

Ability to track and analyze trendsthe computer and its databases provide very strong
search capabilities and, with careful design, it will be possible to retrieve and use large
amounts of data effectively to track and analyze trends of various kinds.

Improved capability for maintaining patient confidentialityit is often easier to maintain
confidentiality of laboratory data when using a computer than when dealing with a
handwritten report form, if computer user codes are established to control access to the
data.

Integration with sites outside the laboratorya LIMS can be set up so that data comes into
the laboratory system directly from a patient or client registration point. Data can be
transmitted to many sites or interfaces as needed. Results can be provided directly to
computers accessible to the health care provider or public health official. Computers can
handle data entry into a national laboratory database and almost any other data
application that is needed.

Manufacturer-provided trainingpurchased LIMS often include on-site training for staff.
To make the full use of the system, it is essential that either on-site training of all staff, or
training at the manufacturers headquarters, is provided.
It is important to remember that, in spite of all of the advantages, computers do have
disadvantages. Some of these are as follows:

Time to adapt to a new systemwhen starting up a computer system, it may seem
inconvenient and unwieldy to laboratory staff. Personnel accustomed to manual systems
may be challenged by such tasks as correcting errors, and uncertain of how to proceed
when encountering situations where a field must be filled in.

Features and Benefits:

Providing security
Low cost
Basic computer knowledge required
Configurable and extensible application UI design
The proposed system can be used even by the nave users and it does not require any
educational level, experience, and technical expertise in Computer field but it will be of
good use if the user has the good knowledge of how to operate a computer.










PROJECT CATEGORY
Introduction To PHP: -
PHP is a general-purpose server-side scripting language originally designed
for web development to produce dynamic web pages. For this purpose, PHP code is
embedded into the HTML source document and interpreted by a web server with a PHP
processor module, which generates the web page document. It also has evolved to include a
command-line interface capability and can be used in standalone graphical applications.
PHP can be deployed on most web servers and as a standalone interpreter, on almost every
operating system and platform free of charge. A competitor to Microsoft's Active Server
Pages (ASP) server-side script engine and similar languages, PHP is installed on more than
20 million websites and 1 million web servers.
PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995. The main implementation of PHP is
now produced by The PHP Group and serves as the de facto standard for PHP as there is no
formal specification. PHP is free software released under the PHP License which is
incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL) due to restrictions on the usage of
the term PHP.
While PHP originally stood for "Personal Home Page", it is now said to stand for "PHP:
Hypertext Preprocessor", a recursive acronym.

Usage

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to server-side web
development where PHP generally runs on a web server. Any PHP code in a requested file is
executed by the PHP runtime, usually to create dynamic web page content or dynamic
images used on web sites or elsewhere. It can also be used for command-line scripting and
client-side GUI applications.
PHP can be deployed on most web servers, many operating systems and platforms,
and can be used with many relational database management systems (RDBMS). It is
available free of charge, and the PHP Group provides the complete source code for users to
build, customize and extend for their own use.
PHP acts primarily as a filter, taking input from a file or stream containing text
and/or PHP instructions and outputting another stream of data; most commonly the output
will be HTML. Since PHP 4, the PHP parser compiles input to produce bytecode for
processing by the Zend Engine, giving improved performance over its interpreter
predecessor.

Benefits of PHP

PHP is an open source server side programming language available at free of cost
that can be get easily from the market. Its coding style is quiet easy to understandable and it
is very efficient on multi-platforms like Windows, Linux, and UNIX etc. It is very flexible
but powerful language, most suitable for developing dynamic web pages. Nowadays
developing dynamic websites are in the huge demand due to its specific characteristics like
it automatically refreshes and does not need In the recent development, PHP has grown
enough to fulfill the requirements of the clients, several web tasks can now be easily
perform using PHP that was not possible earlier. For example now we can develop from
small websites to giant business and organizational websites, informative forums, chatting
platforms, CRM solutions, e-commerce shopping carts, community websites, e-business,
shopping carts and gigantic database driven sites.

PHP has also upper hand in running multimedia files as PHP is not much dependent upon
external plug-ins to run the programs. It is executed exclusively by server and therefore
need nothing from the end users. PHP must be installed on the server and server parses the
code at its source, executes and sends it properly send properly formatted html to the client.

And, final in terms of Budget, which is the most crucial part of the software development
especially for the small business users who wants to develop money making websites to
earn thick profit in minimum investments. The limitation of budget is the biggest obstacle
for small businesspersons. For those, PHP is the key solution as it is available at free of cost
under PHP General Public License and most of its associative required software's like
MySQL, Text Editors and Apache Server are also freely available, so it proves very cost
effective for the developers. However, in terms of performance it is similar efficient like
other programming languages of same category.
MySQL
MySQL, the most popular Open Source SQL database management system, is developed,
distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation.
MySQL is a database management system.
A database is a structured collection of data. It may be anything from a simple
shopping list to a picture gallery or the vast amounts of information in a corporate network.
To add, access, and process data stored in a computer database, you need a database
management system such as MySQL Server. Since computers are very good at handling
large amounts of data, database management systems play a central role in computing, as
standalone utilities, or as parts of other applications.
MySQL is a relational database management system.
A relational database stores data in separate tables rather than putting all the data in one
big storeroom. This adds speed and flexibility. The SQL part of MySQL stands for
Structured Query Language. SQL is the most common standardized language used to
access databases and is defined by the ANSI/ISO SQL Standard. The SQL standard has been
evolving since 1986 and several versions exist. In this manual, SQL-92 refers to the
standard released in 1992, SQL:1999 refers to the standard released in 1999, and
SQL:2003 refers to the current version of the standard. We use the phrase the SQL
standard to mean the current version of the SQL Standard at any time.
MySQL software is Open Source.
The MySQL Database Software is a client/server system that consists of a multi-threaded
SQL server that supports different backends, several different client programs and libraries,
administrative tools, and a wide range of application programming interfaces (APIs).
MySQL Server is also provided as an embedded multi-threaded library that you can link
into your application to get a smaller, faster, easier-to-manage standalone product.

About HTML: -
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a language for describing how pages
of text, graphics, and other information are organized. Hypertext means text stored in
electronic form with cross-reference links between pages. An HTML page contains HTML
tags, which are embedded commands that supply information about the pages structure,
appearance, and contents. Web browsers use this information to determine how to display
the page.
About CSS:-
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used to describe the presentation
semantics (the look and formatting) of a document written in a markup language. Its most
common application is to style web pages written in HTML and XHTML, but the language
can also be applied to any kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL.
CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content (written in HTML or
a similar markup language) from document presentation, including elements such as the
layout, colors, and fonts.[1] This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more
flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple
pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content
(such as by allowing for tableless web design). CSS can also allow the same markup page to
be presented in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print,
by voice (when read out by a speech-based browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based,
tactile devices.


SYSTEM DESIGN SPECIFICATION

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

Data flow diagrams (DFD) was first developed by LARRY CONSTANTINE as way
representing system requirements in a graphical form; this lead to modular design. A DFD
describes what data flow (logical) rather than how they are processed, so it does not depend
on hardware, software, data structure or file organization. It is also known as bubble chart.

A Data Flow Diagrams is a structured analysis and design tool that can be used for
flowcharting in place of, or in association with, information-oriented and process-oriented
systems flowcharts. A DFD is a network that describes the flow of data and the processes
that change, or transform, data throughout a system. This network is constructed by using a
set of symbols that do not imply a physical implementation. It has the purpose of clarifying
system requirements and identifying major transformations that will become programs in
system design. So it is the starting point of the design phase that functionality decomposes
the requirement specifications down to the lowest level of detail.

The symbols used to prepare DFD do not imply a physical implementation, a DFD can be
considered to an abstract of the logic of an information-oriented or a process-oriented
system flow-chart. For these reasons DFDs are often referred to as logical data flow
diagrams. The four basic symbols used to construct data flow diagrams are shown below:







A rectangle represents a data source or destination.




A directed line represents the flow of data is data
stream.


An enclosed figure, usually a circle or an oval bubble,
represent a process that transforms data streams.



These are symbols that represent data flows, data sources, data
transformations and data storage. The points at which data are transformed
are represented by enclosed figures, usually circles, which are called nodes.
The principle processes that take place at nodes are:









User



Server Data Base
Request

Admin







CAD (CONTEXT ANALYSIS DIAGRAM)



Admin MLS Customer