EEE C364/INSTR C364

Analog Electronics
First order Filter
Lecture 23
22-03-2012
VCVS Band-reject filter
) /R R ( 1 K : gain Amplifier
K) - 2(2
1
Q : factor - Q
K T : f at Gain
RC) 1/(2 f frequency centre The

1 s
Q
1
s
1) (s T
T(s) equation with the comparing
1 ) 2 ( 2
) 1 (
) (
A B
0 0
0
2
2
0
2
2
+ =
=
=
=
+ |
.
|

\
|
+
+
=
+ +
+
=
t
s K s
s K
s T
VCVS all-pass filter
i
i
i
i i i i
i i
c
c
c
i i
j j
i i
i
i i
i
a
a s frequencie
b b a
b a
T
b
e e
s b s a
s b s a
s b s a
s b s a
ator deno
s b s a
i
gr
4 2 2 2
2
gr
gr
gr
gr
gr
2
i 1 -
2
2
2
2
1 1
2
1 1
0
2
1 1
0
b
Q as defined is factor quality The
1
T 0), ( low At
) 2 ( 1
) 1 ( 1
T
1 for
d
d
2
1
2
t
t
T delay, group Normalized
d
d
- t by, given is delay group
1
a
tan -2 -2 where
1
) 1 (
) 1 (
T(s)
as written is filter pass all an of function transfer general The
1
1
T(s)
get we , min complex conjugate with the T the replacing
1
T
T(s)
filter pass - low a of function transfer general he Consider t
=
=
+ +
+
=
= = = =
=
|
|
.
|

\
|

= =
= =
+ +
+
=
+ +
+
=
+ +
=

[
[

t
e
e e
e
t
e
e
|
t t
e
e
|
e
e
o |
| o
First Order all-pass filter
fRC j
fRC j
V
V
fRC j
V V
V
jX R
jX
V V
S
S
S
C
C
S
t
t
t 2 1
2 1

1 2
2
1
2
0
0
0
+

=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
+ =

+ =
First Order all-pass filter
2RC t and 2 Thus
RC) ( tan -2 phase and 1
1
1
| ) ( |
as magnitude the gives which
1
1
) (
gro
1 -
2 2 2
2 2 2
0
= =
= =
+
+
=
+

= =
RC f a
C R
C R
j T
RC j
RC j
V
V
j T
c i
s
t
e |
e
e
e
e
e
e
Multiple feedback (MFB) filters
) (
) (
4 3 2 1 5 4 3
3 1 0
Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Y Y
V
V
s T
s
+ + + +

= =
MFB low-pass filter
1 3 1 2 1 1
1 3 3 2 2 1
3 2 1
2
1 c
2 1 3 2
2 2 / 1
2 1 3 2
1 3 1 2 1 1 1
3
2 2
2
1 3 1 2 1 1
2
2 1 3 2
2 1 2 1
1 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 3 2
2 1 2 1
3 2
1
1
2
3 2
2 1
2 5
3
4
2
2
1
1
1 1 1
BW where
Q as defined is Q factor quality The
1
, ) (
1 1 1
2k ,
R
- K where
2
1 1 1 1
1
-

1 1 1 1
1
-

1 1 1 1
1
-
T(s)
sC Y ,
1
Y ,
1
Y3 , 1 Y ,
1
Y Here
C R C R C R
R R R R R R
R R R
C
C
BW
C C R R
C C R R
C R C R C R R
s k s
K
C R C R C R
s s
C C R R
C C R R
C R C R
s
C R
s
C C R R
C C R R
R R
sC
R
sC
R R
R R
R R
sC
R
c
c c
c
+ + =
+ +
= =
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + = =
+ +
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + + +
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + + +
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + + +
=
= = = = =
e
e
e e
e
) (
) (
4 3 2 1 5 4 3
3 1 0
Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Y Y
V
V
s T
s
+ + + +

= =
MFB high-pass filter
2 1
3
1
2
2
1
1
2
c
3 2 2 1
2 2 / 1
3 2 2 1
3 2
1
3 2 2 3
1
2 2
2
3 2 2 1 3 2 2
3 2 1
2
3
1
2
3 2
1
1
3 2 2
2
3 2
2 1
2
3 2
1
1
2
3 2
2
2 1
2
2
5 3 4 2
1
2 1 1
Q as defined is Q factor quality The
1
, ) (
1 1 1
2k ,
C
- K where
2
C C
1
C C
C
C
-

1
C C
1
C C
C C
-

1 1
C C
C C -
T(s)
1
Y , sC Y , sC Y3 ,
1
Y , Y Here
C C
C
C
C
C
C
R
R
BW
C C R R
C C R R
C C
C
C C R C
s k s
Ks
R R R
C C C
s s
s
sC sC
R
sC
R
s
s
sC sC
R
sC
R
s
s
R R
sC
c
c c
+ +
= =
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + = =
+ +
=
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
+
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + + +
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + + +
=
= = = = =
e
e
e e
MFB band-pass filter
1
2
2
1
1
2
c
2 1 2 1
2
2 / 1
2 1 2 1
2 1 2
2 1
2 2
Q
1
) (
1 1 1
2k
1
- K re whe
2
) (
C
C
C
C
R
R
BW
C C R R
C C R R
C C R
C R s k s
Ks
s T
c
c c
+
= =
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
=
+ +
=
e
e
e e
Switched Capacitor filter