1

Introduction
Cascode Amplifier
High Speed High Frequency Op-amps
Tuned Amplifiers
Single Tuned Amplifiers
Multiple Tuned Amplifiers
2
Frequency Response of an Amplifier
3
High Frequency hybrid t-model
B
E
C
G
S
D
4
High Frequency hybrid t-model of BJT
jo
je BE
T
C
F
C
F dc
C 2
) /V V - (1
Cjo

e capacitanc junction emitter - base Cje
voltage thermal V
current collector - I
ime transit t base forward -
I
e capacitanc diffusion C
~ =
=

= =
+ =
m
T
je dc
V
where
C C C
t
t
t
0.5 to 0.2 junction base - collector
the of t coefficien grading the is m where
) /V V - (1
o C

e capacitanc junction base - collector C
jc CB
=
=
=
m

5
High Frequency hybrid t-model of FET
gd gs
m
T
ox ov gd gs
ox ov gd ox ov ox gs
ox
ov
ox
ox ov ox gd gs
C C
g
product bandwidth gain - Unity
C WL 0 C C
: region off - Cut
C WL 0 C and C WL WLC
3
2
C
e capacitanc overlap WLC
layer oxide under the drain and source the of length overlap the is L
e capacitanc layer oxide is C where
C WL WLC
2
1
C C
: region Ohmic
+
=
+ = =
+ = + =

+ = =
e
: region Active
6
Comparison of three Amplifier configurations
7
Cascode Amplifier
B s
s
'
B
B '
R || r || R R

R ||
R ||
t
t
t
=
+
=
s
s
s v
r R
r
V
8

C R 2
1
f
by given is circuit output to due frequency off - cut The
C where
C R 2
1
f
by given is circuit input to due frequency off - cut The
out L
2
T
T
S
'
1

t
t
t
=
+ = =
in
C C


C
A
A
C
C A C
v
v
out
v in
+
=
+ =
1
) 1 (
9
10
L C
L
'
R || R R =
11
1
1
-
A
then identical, be to rs transisto wo consider t we If
1
r g
)v (1
r v g -
A
v1
2
2 m1
1 2
2 1 m1 1
v1
~
+
=
+

=
+
= =
|
|
| |
t
t
t t
i
v
v
2
'
3
2 2 e2
2 2
2
in T
T
'
1
1 in 1
C 2
1
f is circuit output to due frequency cutoff The
) /(1 r r where
C 2
1
f
is circuit interface to due frequency cutoff The
C C C where
C 2
1
f
is circuit input to due frequency cutoff The
C 2 C is input at the reflected C the Thus

t
t
t

t
|
t
t
L
e
S
R
r
R
=
+ = =
+ = =
~
12
B S
B
L
'
m
s
o
vs
2
2 m2
s
B s
B
s
'
1
2
L
'
2 1 m1 m2
s
L
'
2 m2
s
o
R || r R
) R || (r R g -

v
v
A
rs, transisto identical For
1
1
r g

v
R || r R
R || r
v v
) 1 (
R ) v v (g g -

v
R v g -

v
v

t
t
t
t
t
t
t t t
|
|
+
= =
~
+
+
= =
+
= = =
and
Now
v
A
s
vs
13
High-Speed High-frequency Op-amp
1. 50 MHz unity gain bandwidth
2. 350 V/s slew rate
3. Settling time 45 ns
4. Works with +5 V or 5 to 15 V
14
Tuned Amplifiers
15
Single Tuned Amplifiers
2
2
eq
2
eq eq
m
v
eq
2
m
eq
eq
m
s
o
i
o
-
LC
1

C R
Ceq
g
| ) (j A |
by given is gain the of magnitude The
filter pass - band order - second a for expression the is This

L
1

R
s
g -

C s
sL
1

R
1
g -

v
v

v
v

(
(

+
(
(

=
(
(

+ +
=
+ +
= = =
e
e
e
e
eq eq
eq
v
C C
s C
s
A
16
eq m v
eq m v
eq
0
0
R g - A
R g | ) (j A | is gain the of magnitude the and
LC
1

, frequency centre at the maximum is gain the of maginitude The
=
= =
or
e e
e
eq eq 0
0
0
eq eq
L H
2
eq
2
eq
2
0
eq eq
L
2
eq
2
eq
2
0
eq eq
H
C R Q
is amplifier tuned the of factor quality The
C R
1
- BW bandwidth The
C 4R
1

C 2R
1
-
C 4R
1

C 2R
1

by given are s frequencie off - cut The
e
e
e e e
e e
e e
e e
= =
=
= =
+ + =
+ + =
BW
and
L H
17
(

+
=
e
e
e
e
e
e
0
0
0 v
v
jQ 1
1

) ( A
) (j A
by given is gain normalised The
j
18
Inductor Losses
19
s
0
0
0
r
L
Q
as defined is inductor the of Q frequency, resonant At
e
=
Tapped Coils
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
>> = = = N
n
n
V
V
I
I
20
Multiple Tuned Amplifiers
Synchronous-tuned amplifiers
21
Synchronous-tuned amplifiers
To find f
L
and f
H
, the square of the magnitude of the transfer
function of a single tuned circuit is set to one-half
N
o
o
Q
(
(
(
(

|
.
|

\
|
+
=
2
2
1
1
2
1
e
e
e
e
(
(

+ + =
1 2
4Q
1 1 1 2
2
1
2
1
N
N
o
H
Q
e
e
(
(

+ =
1 2
4Q
1 1 1 2
2
1
2
1
N
N
o
L
Q
e
e
1 2
2
1
=
N
o
N
Q
BW
e
1 2
1

N
is called bandwidth
shrinkage factor
22
Synchronous-tuned amplifiers
N S
N
N S
N
2 0.64 6 0.35
3 0.51 7 0.32
4 0.43 8 0.30
5 0.39 9 0.28
Bandwidth Shrinkage factor
23
24
s s s
s
m
m o
R V I
sL I v
v g v
sL v g v
' / '
||
sC
1
|| R
)r v g - (
||
sC
1
|| R
1
1
1 1
2 2 m2 1 1 2
2
2
2 2 2
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
t
t t t t
t
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
'
2 1 2 m1
0
2 2 1 1
2
0
2 2 1 1
N
1 1
g -
Av is at gain voltage
1 1
1
C R
1
BW 56 . 1
|
|
o
o
e
e
t
t
+
=
+
=
=
= =
= =
r g
r g
where
R
R R
The
C L C L
C R
m
m
S
25
Staggered-tuned Amplifier
26
4
BW

2
1
1
4
BW

2
1
1
2
0
2
0
2 2
2
0
2
0
1 1
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
e
e
e
e
BW
C L
BW
C L
'
2 1 2 m1
2
2 1
'
2 m1
v 0
2
g

g
A is at gain voltage The
S
S
R
R R
BW C C R
o
o
e
=
~
27