Government of Nepal

Ministry of Physical Planning and Works

DEPARTMENT OF ROADS
BRIDGE PROJECT
Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal

FIELD REPORT
Contract No.: BP/SID/2070/71-03




Special Inspection And Design of Maintenance/Repair works of
Lothar Khola Bridge
Along Mahendra Highway in Makwanpur District.









Submitted By: Kathmandu, May 2014
Gaurav Integrated Development Associates Nepal Ltd.
Jv withGOEC Nepal Ltd & GIDAN P.Ltd
New Baneshwor, Kathmandu
Nepal






Date: 20 May, 2014
To:
Bridge Project
Department of Roads
Babarmahal, Kathmandu
Nepal





Sub: Field Report on Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works
of Lothar Khola Bridge along Mahendra Highway in Makwanpur District.






Dear Sir,

We are pleased to submit the two copies of Field Report of Lothar Khola Bridge along
Mahendra Highway in Makwanpur District.(Package No: BP/SID/2070/71-03)









Yours sincerely,





___________
Mangal Raj Shrestha
Managing Director



















Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of
Lothar Khola Bridge along Mahendra Highway.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page i

Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background .................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Purpose of the Project ................................................................................. 1
1.3 Bridge Site Location .................................................................................... 1
1.4 Description of the Existing Bridge ............................................................. 2
1.4.1 Span Layout and Structural Types .............................................................. 2
1.4.2 Deck system................................................................................................ 4
1.4.3 Substructure and foundation ....................................................................... 5
1.4.4 Existing Utilities ........................................................................................... 5
2.0 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Generals ........................................................................................................ 6
2.2 Field work ..................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Personnel Involved in Field survey ............................................................ 6
2.4 Personnel Involved in Design Works ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.0 BRIDGE CONDITION .............................................................................................. 6
3.1 Superstructure ............................................................................................. 7
3.2 Substructure ............................................................................................... 10
4.0 DEFICIENCIES AND PROBLEMS IN THE BRIDGE ............................................. 11
5.0 REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME ..................................................... 11
6.0 ESTIMATES AND COSTS ........................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
6.1 General .............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.2 Quantity Estimates........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.3 Base Rate .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.4 Norms of Rate Analysis ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.5 Construction Overhead ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.6 Transportation Charges .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.7 Physical Contingency ...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.0 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR WORKS PLAN ............ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT
DEFINED.
7.1 Construction Schedule .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.2 Quality Control and Construction Supervision ........... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
7.3 Method Statement for Maintenance and Repair Works .... Error! Bookmark
not defined.
8.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................ 12

APPENDICES
APPENDIX A: Photographic Records
APPENDIX B: Inspection Forms



Detailed Engineering Survey, Soil Investigation & Detailed
Design of
PRELIMINARILY DESIGN REPORT

Page ii


Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair
works of Lothar KholaBridge along Mahendra Highway.
FIELD REPORT

Page 1
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background
Department of Roads, the sole governmental organization is responsible for overall management
of bridges along strategic Roads in Nepal. In this regard the Department of Roads, Bridge Project
utilizes the services of engineering consulting firms in the Special bridge inspection and design of
maintenance /repair works. As such the Consultant conducted a special inspection of the Lothar
Khola Bridge crossing over Lothar Khola in Makwanpur district.

Running along the Mahendra Highway, the bridge has been continuously facilitating to
pedestrians, local people and hundreds of vehicles running daily through Makwanpur. The bridge
is in the full authorization of Makwanpur Division of Department of Roads, Ministry of Physical
Planning and Works which takes the responsibility of its management and maintenance.

Seemingly, the bridge is still under its design period and our extensive inspections of each part of
its components claim that it is in fair condition of goodness except minor repairs like, decking
drainage, repair of concrete wearing surface, addition of gabion mattresses and boxes for river
training work, maintenance of handrails.
1.2 Purpose of the Project
The inspection and assessment of the bridge was carried out to establish scope and costs
associated with repair and maintenance of the bridge elements. In this regard the purpose of the
report is to describe and report the overall condition of the Lothar Khola Bridge so that safe facility
for the public could be provided. It also suggests on maintaining and improving the existing
condition of the bridge by correcting structural and functional deficiencies associated with the
bridge. The report will address the issues, problems identified and inspected in the field visit.
1.3 Bridge Site Location
The Lothar Khola Bridge is about 437.55 KM from East of Mahendra Highway and lies in boarder
of Makwanpur-Chitwan district of Nepal. This bridge crosses the Lothar Khola and lies along the
major highway, Mahendra Highway. Geographically; it is located at 2735133 N Latitude and
8443942 E Longitude.

It links ward no.01 of Manahari VDC at left bank and ward no 01 of Manahari VDC of Chitwan
district and at right bank through Makwanpur District of Mahendra Highway. A birds eye view of
the bridge site is shown as below:

Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of
Lothar Khola Bridge along Mahendra Highway.
FIELD REPORT

Page 2
Photo1: Location Map of Lothar Khola Bridge and vicinity map (source: Google Earth)

1.4 Description of the Existing Bridge
1.4.1 Span Layout and Structural Types












The general arrangement of the Lothar Khola Bridge is shown in figure below.

7.625 7.625 7.625 7.625 7.625 7.625 7.625 7.625
61.00
8
.
2
Manahari
VDC Ward
No. 1
Flow Direction
Lothar
Khola
Bridge
Manahari
VDC Ward
No. 1
Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of
Lothar Khola Bridge along Mahendra Highway.
FIELD REPORT

Page 3
The Lothar Khola Bridge is a through type concrete Bridge with concrete slab decking.The Bridge
superstructure consist of two main concrete Girder ,as shown below, resting on east and west
abutments which has been founded on normal rock. The super structure of bridge is designed
under pre-stress method. Both pier and abutment are of RCC type with movement let free on one
end and fixed on other end with use of elastomeric bearing. Railing has been made up of RCC and
Metal Pipe. The bridge is a five span of overall length 150m and its orientation is east to west.




Figure 1.1: Typical cross section of the bridge superstructure
Vertical Member
Cross Girder
Stiffening Member Stiffening Member
Wooden Joist
Bituminous wearing course
Timber Planks
1820 1820
4920
Stringer
5524
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Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of
Lothar Khola Bridge along Mahendra Highway.
FIELD REPORT

Page 4
1.4.2 Deck system
The Bridge decking has concretewearing surface over RCC structural slab for traffic movement
surface. Four steel stringers runs parallel to the bridge axis and simply supported at the cross
beams.Cross beams are the main beams which support steel stringers and its each ends are
connected at the nodes of the two parallel steel truss.


Photo 2: Structural components of the Bridge
















Kerb
Deck Slab
Pedestrian
path

Guard Railing
an
Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of
Lothar Khola Bridge along Mahendra Highway.
FIELD REPORT

Page 5
Photo 3: Configuration of structural elements at decking
1.4.3 Substructure and foundation
Both abutments of the bridge are founded on openly grounded geography. The bridge has
submerged foundation of piers and open foundation at abutments having 4 piers.
1.4.4 Existing Utilities
Leakage of water through longitudinally situated water supply pipe at the mid span is a problem
along with removal of debris from bridge axis. Optical fiber pipes are working well.

Table: Summary of the Bridge information
Description
1. Type of Bridge : RCC
2. No. of Span : 5
3. Total Length : 5X30m
4. Carriageway : 7.5m
5. Footpath width : 1m each side
6. Overall width : 9.70m
7. Posted load restriction : Speed Limit
8. Height restriction : .No
9. Foundation Type : RCC submerged Foundation
10. Deck : Longitudinal and Cross Girder of RCC with pavement
wearing course upon rubber joists
11. Railings : RCC + Metal Pipe
12. Bearings : Elastomeric Bearing
13. Utility services : Telephone line, Optical fiber runs parallel to the length of
bridge




Cross Beam
Deck Slab
Longitudinal Girder
Pier
Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of
Lothar Khola Bridge along Mahendra Highway.
FIELD REPORT

Page 6
2.0 Methodology
2.1 Generals
Following sequence of works had been followed for collection of field data;
Preparation of Inspection Report Forms as per DORs Bridge Inspection Manual for
recording;
Desk study;
Arrange team for carrying out different inspection works;
Mobilization of the team to site.
2.2 Field work
The Field Works for Special Inspection works of the Lothar Khola Bridge generally comprising of
the following works that had been carried out at site,
1. Inspect each part of the bridge thoroughly and its condition
2. Record its condition using the appropriate inspection report forms
3. Sketches to illustrate the location of any defects and problems
4. Collect samples of items such as broken concrete, corrosion products or paint flakes
5. Examine the condition of any previous maintenance or repair works
6. Photographs for the record of the inspectors observations
The bulk of the inspection work was carried out over a two (2) day period from 27-28
th
of Baishakh
2071 BS. The inspection consisted of a comprehensive detailed visual inspection from deck,
underneath of bridge.All structural and non-structural components of the bridge were inspected.
These components included floor beams, girders,abutments, piers, bearings, structural steel
members, RCC components, bracing members, bituminous decking. Conditions of other non-
structural components such as hand-railings, road barriers, embankment and sidewalks were also
assessed. Field and photographic records of the inspection areprovided in Appendix A.


Condition Rating Scheme
Standard inspections forms and condition rating, (Guidelines for inspection and maintenance of
bridges Vol.1(DoR)), were used. Each components of the bridge, was evaluated using the
standard condition rating scheme. Inspection forms summarizing this work are provided in
Appendix B.
J ohnson Street Bridge Condition Assessment Report
2.3 Personnel Involved in Field survey
During the inspection works of the bridge following personnel were involved to carry out the field
works.
S.No. Name Designation
I
II
Nabin pandey
Nabin Koirala
Team Leader/Bridge Engineer
Inspector

3.0 Bridge Condition, Extent and Urgency
According the bridge inspection results the condition of the bridge is rated as fairly good
condition and its extent and urgency rated as minor and not urgent respectively. The Inspection
form adhering in the appendix II describes the detail inspection report of the bridge condition,
extent of damage or deterioration and urgency to its remedy.

The condition of the each parts of the bridge has been briefly described below:
Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of
Lothar Khola Bridge along Mahendra Highway.
FIELD REPORT

Page 7
3.1 Superstructure
Deck Slab and Bituminous wearing course
The inspection survey shows that deck slab and wearing course are in good condition. No any
cracks and pot holes were inspected. Through visual inspection of the structural deck sab
suggests no major structural problem.




Photo 4: Bituminous wearing course Photo 5:Deck slab in condition




Cross Girder and Longitudinal Girder
RCC girder of the bridge composed of four longitudinal girders and 4 cross girder in each spans.
Longitudinal Girders running parallel to the bridge axis are in good condition, same is the condition
of the cross girder. Spalling effects are not seen in girders and deck. No major deterioration and
rusting were seen during its inspection.


Photo 8: Longitudinal Girders with optical fiber on side


Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of
Lothar Khola Bridge along Mahendra Highway.
FIELD REPORT

Page 8

Photo 9:Cross Girder



Deck Expansion Joints
Expansions joints are provided and damaged partially. The photo shows the joint of bridge deck
where boulders are filled to patch the hole of the joint. The Rubber band strip of the expansion
joint was to be serviced and replaced.



Photo 11: Expansion joint material damaged Photo 12: joint Filling of boulders at joint

Railings and Kerb
Guard rails are to be repainted and serviced. Hand rails are in good condition except at few
sections.. Kerb are also in satisfactory condition where repainting has to be done.
Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of
Lothar Khola Bridge along Mahendra Highway.
FIELD REPORT

Page 9


Photo 13-14: Railing bar with Hand rails and guard stands

Photo 15: Kerb in condition to be repainted

Approach slab
Concrete approach slab at each sides of the bridge has no significant damages and deterioration,
where as expansion joints have to be serviced and can be replaced.


Photo 16-17: Approach Slab to the Bridge


Kerbs to
be painted
Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of
Lothar Khola Bridge along Mahendra Highway.
FIELD REPORT

Page 10
3.2 Substructure

Abutment
Both right and left abutment of the bridge is founded on open foundation and the inspection shows
that its condition is in reasonable and good. But the flow of debris and flood dirt has filled the
abutment up to the maximum height, in the left abutment and middle piers. The debris filled above
concrete base of the bridge has to be removed so as too keep bridge safe from high flood.


Photo 18: Left Abutment Photo 19: Right Abutment
Photo 20: Piers, filled with debris and flood
aggregates upto the maximum height.





Photo: U/s of the left side bridge abutment filled
up with weirs

Retaining walls and gabion Boxes
All four retaining walls are in good condition. Gabion boxes in some places in both banks have to
be constructed and repaired.


Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of
Lothar Khola Bridge along Mahendra Highway.
FIELD REPORT

Page 11


Photo 20: Cracks in the Left wing wall Photo 21: Left bank of the river with distorted
gabion wall.

4.0 Deficienciesand Problems in the Bridge
Though the bridge has not any major structural deficiency, it lacks some components and facilities
as listed below:
Rubber seal inexpansion joints,
Safety railings,
Well managed water supply pipe at deck.
Debris content in the piers and abutment.
Gabion boxes
Hand rail

Some parts of the main accessories like handrail and railing post has to be repaired

5.0 Repair and Maintenance Programme
Based on the comprehensive inspection of the structural elements of the Lothar Khola Bridge an
attention required within a couple of years for the protection of steel members.

The repair and maintenance program recommended in this regard consists of the following scope:

a) Provision of GI pipes water spouts for proper drainage
b) Provision of rubber joint seal in deck end joints and expansion joints.
c) Repair and replacement of RCC raining post and steel hand railings
d) Complete repainting of the bridge members,
e) Painting traffic signs, divide lines, kerb etc
f) Removal of fresh debris (accumulated in past 5-7 years) along the bridge axis.
g) Replacement of existing damaged gabion boxes
h) Water supply pipe repair and replacement necessity.
i) Bearings:
Under the repair and maintenance of bearings following works are provided;
Cleaning the accumulated dirt, debrisand removing corrosion by sand blasting;
Painting the bearings with one coat of primer, one coat of epoxy and 1 coats of acrylic
polyurethane;
Maintenance of elastomeric bearing and repositioning.
Reposting the traffic signs and bridge info.

Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of
Lothar Khola Bridge along Mahendra Highway.
FIELD REPORT

Page 12

6.0 Conclusion and Recommendations
The Lothar Khola Bridge is about 30 years of old and seems un-repaired and un-maintained well
over the period due to which it would be problematic in operation and un-functional before its
design life if not maintained as soon.

Comprehensive inspection of every features of the bridge suggests that the bridge superstructure
is in fairly good condition while its foundation and abutments are at reasonably fairly poor
condition. The deterioration and corrosion of expansion joint is giving significant vibration along the
length. A strategic maintenance program is needed to be developed to lengthen the life of the
bridge to its intended design life.

It is recommended that the repair and maintenance works should be implemented within a few
months to minimize the risks associated to the vulnerability of the bridge.




Appendix-A: Photographic Records



Approaching part of the bridge Side View of the bridge



Right Abutment of the bridge Gabion Mattresses to protect river banks



Extensive deterioration of the expansion joint Handrail and railing post condition
Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of
Lothar Khola Bridge along Mahendra Highway.
FIELD REPORT

Page ii


Superstructure parts in need of painting. Corrosion of the bottom node connection

Necessity of debris accumulation removal Loss of paints causing partial corrosion and
superstructure and mismanaged traffic sign
appearance





Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of
Lothar Khola Bridge along Mahendra Highway.
FIELD REPORT

Page iii

Necessity of gabion box repair and
reconstruction on left side of bridge
Debris filled up in the abutment on left side










APPENDIX B: Inspection Forms