Artificial Intelligence and

Robotics

Kirana Store
 Artificial Intelligence, is the
science
and engineering of making intelligent machines,
especially intelligent
computer programs. --------- It is related to the similar task
of using computers to understand human intelligence.
"the study and design of intelligent agents"

Kirana Store
Kirana Store
 The history...!!
• Began in the middle of the 20th century, based on recent discoveries in
neurology, an understanding of control and stability called cybernetics, and
above all, by the invention of the digital computers, a machine based on the
abstract essence of mathematical reasoning.

• The field of modern AI research was founded at a conference on the campus

of Dartmouth college in the summer of 1956.

• By the middle 60s their research was heavily funded by the US and they
were optimistic about the future of the new field.
• In 1974, in response to the ongoing pressure from parties to fund more
productive projects, the U.S. and British governments cut off all undirected,
exploratory research in AI. This was the first AI winter.

• In the early 80s, AI research was revived by the commercial success of

expert system.

Kirana Store
 Continued...
• By 1985 the market for AI had reached more than a billion dollars.
However, just a few years later, beginning
with the collapse of the Lisp Machine market in 1987, AI once again fell into
disrepute, and a second, more lasting AI Winter began.

• In the 90s and early 21st century AI achieved its greatest successes, AI is
used for logistics, data mining, medical diagnoses and many other areas
throughout the technology industry.

• The success was due to several factors:

•the incredible power of computers today, a greater emphasis on solving

specific sub-problems,

•the creation of new ties between AI and other fields working on similar
problems.

Kirana Store
Problems in Artificial
intelligence…
• Planning • Perception

• Deduction, reasoning, • Motion and

problem solving. manipulation

• Learning
• Social intelligence
• Natural language
processing • General intelligence &
Creativity

A Question- ‘CAN’ AI beKirana

done Store
??
So, the answer is Yes AI can be done!

Kirana Store
The Approaches…

There is no established unifying theory or paradigm that guides AI research.

Researchers disagree about many issues, however stated below are some
approaches:-

• Cybernetics
cybernetics.
and brain simulation --- connection between neurology, information theory, and

• Cognitive simulation --- researchers studied human problem solving skills and attempted to formalize
them, and their work laid the foundations of the field of artificial intelligence.

• Pattern recognition
• Expert System ---- a computer program that contains the knowledge and analytical skills of one or
more human experts, related to a specific subject.

Kirana Store
Continued...

• The Artificial Neural Network --- It consists of interconnected artificial neurons that processes
information using computation. In most cases an ANN is an adaptive system that changes its structure based on
external or internal information.

• AI
o Logical AI --- focused on using formal logic to solve a wide variety of problems, including knowledge
representation, planning and learning.

o Knowledge based AI ---enormous amounts of knowledge would be required by many simple AI applications

o Statistical AI ----These tools are truly scientific, in the sense that their results are both measurable and
verifiable, and they have been responsible for many of AI's recent successes

Kirana Store
Applications of Artificial
intelligence…

It is possible to instruct
some computers using
speech

Helps in recognizing
pattern e.g. a vision
program may try to
match a pattern of eyes
and a nose in a scene
in order to find a face.

Kirana Store
Continued…

There is some
intelligence in
game playing
applications, as
they play well
against people
mainly through
brute force
computation---
looking at
hundreds of
thousands of
positions.

Kirana Store
Examples…

СђξςКщΛ‡∑
Kirana Store
Kirana Store
Informative applications…
Heuristic classification
Information is available
about the owner of the credit
card, his record of payment
and also about the item he is
buying, etc…

•Too Many
Results

•All Kinds of
resources

Kirana Store
Kirana Store
The Dangers…

I hate
humans !! You are gone
buddy !

Kirana Store
Super Intelligence
Super-intelligence
of machines Might make
humans unconscious
• MAVEN was created in 1987 to play
Scrabble. No person has been able
to win.

• 1997 Deep Blue plays the world’s

best Chess player and wins.
– 1,000,000,000,000 positions/sec
– 100 - 200 billion moves
considered
– Able to evaluate moves
– Beat world champion Kasparov in
1997 match

Kirana Store
Conflicts b/w human &
androids...
• Androids will displace
humans from their
jobs. The result may
be attempts by some
humans to destroy
Hey you !
Do my androids.
homework
.

Kirana Store
 Robotics
What is done Recently!

Kirana Store
Recognize this picture…

•Zeno - 17 inch tall robotic companion

• Unlike artificial robotic toys, Zeno is an
interactive learning companion.

•can engage in conversation and convey

human emotion.

•He is the smartest and coolest robot yet!

•He has everything he needs to become
your friend; he sees, hears, talks and
remembers who you are.

• He even walks and performs amazing

stunts.

•He can show emotions, just like you–happy,

sad, puzzled, and lots more.
• Available within the next three years for
HansonKirana Store
Robotics
$200-300
Kismet
• A Robot designed to assist research into social
interactions between robots and humans.
•This project focuses on the
construction of robots that
engage in meaningful social
exchanges with humans.

•By doing so, it is possible to

have a socially sophisticated
human assist the robot in
acquiring more sophisticated
communication skills and
helping it learn the meaning
these acts have for others.

•This approach is inspired by

the way infants learn to
communicate with adults.
Kirana Store
• To date, no computer AI can match all dimensions
of human intelligence

• For algorithmic problems, computers can perform

faster, however humans still write the
programming

Kirana Store
 Thank You 4
Listening!

Pratik
Jain

I hope you learned

something! Kirana Store