1. Citing examples where possible, explain your understanding of personality.

What

are the determinants of personality and how could knowledge of personality affect

the role of a manager?

Introduction

Personality appear from a word personal which means individual, so personality

is a set of distinctive individual characteristic, motives, emotions, values, attitudes, and

competencies in a person. Our society is full of different unique characteristic, and each

person has his individual differences. Even twins, also have different personality. If each

person has his own unique, with more than billion people in the world exist, can you

imagine how fantastic human personality is?

Determinants of personality

There are many factors why there so many kinds of personality, but in my opinion

the main determinants of personality are Heredity, Environment, and Situation. First of

all, Heredity is physical characteristics, gender, temperament, and biological rhythms

which are influence by parents. Next, Environment is place and condition where we

raised or growth. Human is a social creature, so it is obvious that environment forces also

became one of the crucial factors influencing a personality. Finally, Environment is

including culture, religious, norms in the family, groups, friends, social groups, and

experiences in society. For example if a boy grown up in a broken family, his view about

family might be bad and it will influence his family in the future or become afraid of

marriage. Because he learns for what the environment teach. Then, situation also make
person changing their behaviour according to the situation they in. Various situations can

demand different response and aspects of one’s personality. Example: A gangster is a

fierce person, but when he decided to get married with a woman in a good family. He

intends to be more polite in order to create a good image.

Knowledge of personality affects the role of manager

Knowledge of personality is very useful as a role of a manager. As we know,

manager’s job is to managing and directing people effectively in the organization so that

they can work maximum with excellent result. Each person has their own interest, values,

perception, thoughts, and emotion which affect the way they pursue goals. So in order to

motivate them effectively to do the work persistence and seriously, first of all, a manager

should recognize all their interest, values, perception, thoughts, and emotions by

understanding each type of person personality. By understanding personality, a manager

should know what to do and not to do in managing complexity of people in the

organization. The way of manager treating employees according to their emotional

reactions will make the work of manager would be much easier, more organize,

controlled, and excellent.

Other importance of personality is help manager themselves to be a role model of

the organization in order to get respect and trust between employees. It also helps

manager to lead, communicate, handling, and motivate employees achieving the goal

perfectly.
Conclusion and Examples

A manager would be emotionally intelligence in understanding different kinds of

situations and circumstances and be able to make effective decisions as to who should do

what task so they can work more productively and resolve conflicts in the organization.

For examples: If a person is good at presentation and friendly to everyone, his work

would be a salesman who needs an attractive personality to sell things; comparable if a

person is perfectionist, his perfect job would be accounting, because he can work tidy and

accurately; but if a person is a dominant, he will be great in challenging type of work

such as team leader, he will be able to lead his team excellently achieve the goal; then if a

person is compromise and peace maker, it will be perfect to put him as a customer

service, because of his patient in facing many kinds of clients. All of this knowledge can

bring an organization success dramatically because of the psychological qualities, great

teamwork and leadership of the manager.

2. What are the various types of organizational culture? And how do you think

organization could sustain its culture? Explain! Support your explanation with

relevant examples!

Introduction

Culture in organization means how things are done or rule in a firm, including

employees’ acceptable and unacceptable behaviours. Software is determinant of a

computer, same as organization culture is determinant of an organization system. For

examples: aggressiveness of organization in competing with other members will make all

the employees staff competing one another; but if an organization culture is late, the staff

will be late to work so the company will also belated. The interesting part is where every

organization has their own ways in achieving their goal to success in various way of

culture. Believe it or not, culture is an important thing for employees and the company

itself as a group achieving the same goal. People are asset, so if employees don’t fit in the

culture, is hard for them to bear with it. On the other hand, a successful firm will stand by

on its own culture, because they are excellence in their own believed and perspective,

why would they change for another one? So how employees can be fit within the culture?

Types of Organization culture

Firstly, I want to explain types of Organization culture according to Jeffry

Sonnefeld, there are Academy, Club, Baseball team, and Fortress. Academy type is

recruiting fresh university graduates, train them, nurture, develop and guide them through

different kind of special job within a particular function. For examples: Universities and
Hospitals. This type is potential for new employees to get experiences and knowledge

before going to higher step. Next, Club type is a loyal and commitment organization.

Such as Government departments, military, and some law firms. Its priority is about trust

and loyalty of employees in the organization rather than hardworking employees. On the

other hand, Baseball teams are more entrepreneurial in orientation which is daring to take

for risks and innovators. This kind of organization needs talented people and offer huge

salary and freedom. Software houses, consulting, investment banking, and advertising

firms are the examples. The last one is Fortress type which is a survival organization

type. By the word survival means that this organization type is likely ready to collapse

every time, means bankrupt. The employees of this type are always worried and feel

uncertainty about their lasting carrier. For example: Large car companies with lots of

debts.

Sustaining Organization Culture

As I mention before, a successful firm usually will stand by on its own culture

which brings positive effect to the organization. In order to sustain a culture in the

organization which has the major impact towards the firm, there are 3 ways: Selection,

Top management, and Socializations. Firstly, is to select the right key person for the

organization who has required skills, knowledge, abilities, and fit in the jobs culture.

Picking the wrong person may negatively affect employees’ motivation, loyalty,

commitment, and productivity of their work. So as the opposite, choosing the right person

could sustain the culture and make the organization progress even greater than before.

Then, Top management means is to adjust the employees’ actions, behaviours, and
establishment according to the norms by the top management impact upon the culture, so

that the culture can be kept as the way it is. For example: the culture of a company is to

reward an excellence employee of the month. So in order to get the reward, employees

should perform their work excellently. By having this kind of rule reward, all employees

are trying their best to fulfill the excellent criteria, so the culture will sustain. Lastly,

Socializations is the process for employees to adapt new environment. Most of

organizations provide orientation program to guide new employees according the culture

of the organization, so they can easily copped with it. Their adaptation divided into 3

stages: Prearrival stage, Encounter stage, and Metamorphosis stage. The Prearrival stage

is the first learning stage for new employees before joining the organization as an

outsider point of view. Encounter stage is when the new employees seeing the

organization culture and reveals whether they fit or not. The last stage is Metamorphosis

stage; it is a process of employees adjusting their work values and norms. After all stage

passed, employees will start to work productively according to the Organization Culture.

Conclusion

Generally speaking, Culture is the most important part in the way of organization

works and by developing culture the organization will also improve themselves. The

stronger a culture is in organization would help employees easily blend into the

organization and build their cohesiveness, loyalty, commitment, and performance of

employees.