ETABS MANUAL

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S
Table of Contents


1.0 Slab modeling .......................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Assumptions ............................................................................................................. 4
1.2 Initial step before run the analysis ........................................................................... 4
2.0 Calculation of ultimate moments ............................................................................. 5
3.0 Design of slab according to Eurocode 2 .................................................................. 7
4.0 Example 1: Analysis and design of RC slab using ETABS ................................... 11
4.1 Ultimate moments results ...................................................................................... 12
4.1.1 Maximum hogging and Sagging moment at Longitudinal direction Ly ............. 12
4.1.2 Maximum hogging and Sagging moment at Transverse direction Lx ................ 12
4.1.3 Hand calculation results ...................................................................................... 13
4.1.4 Hand calculation Results ..................................................................................... 14



























4
1.0 Slab modeling


1.1 Assumptions

In preparing this document a number of assumptions have been made to avoid over
complication; the assumptions and their implications are as follows.

a) Element type : SHELL

b) Meshing (Sizing of element) : Size= min{L
max
/10 or l000mm}

c) Element shape : Ratio= L
max
/L
min
= 1 ! ratio ! 2

d) Acceptable error : 20%


1.2 Initial step before run the analysis


a) Sketch out by hand the expected results before carrying out the analysis.

b) Calculate by hand the total applied loads and compare these with the sum of
the reactions from the model results.

























S
2.0 Calculation of ultimate moments

















































Maximum moments of two-way slabs
If l
y
/l
x
< 2: Design as a Two-way slab
If l
x
/l
y
> 2: Deisgn as a One-way slab

!"#$% l
x
is the longer span
l
y
is the shorter span


M
sx
= a
sx
nl
x
2
in
direction of span l
x

n: is the ultimate load m
2


M
sy
= a
sy
nl
x
2
in
direction of span l
y

n: is the ultimate load m
2



Bending moment coefficient for simply supported slab

l
y
/l
x
1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.75 2.0
a
sx
0.062 0.074 0.084 0.093 0.099 0.104 0.113 0.118
a
sy
0.062 0.061 0.059 0.055 0.051 0.046 0.037 0.029

Maximum moment of Simply supported (pinned) two-way slab
Maximum moment of Restrained supported (fixed) two-way slab

M
sx
= a
sx
nl
x
2
in
direction of span l
x

n: is the ultimate load m
2


M
sy
= a
sy
nl
x
2
in
direction of span l
y

n: is the ultimate load m
2



Bending moment coefficient for two way rectangular slab supported by beams
(Manual of EC2 ,Table 5.3)


Type of panel and moment
considered
Short span coefficient for value of Ly/Lx Long-span coefficients for all
values of Ly/Lx 1.0 1.25 1.5 1.75 2.0
Interior panels
Negative moment at continuous edge 0.031 0.044 0.053 0.059 0.063 0.032
Positive moment at midspan 0.024 0.034 0.040 0.044 0.048 0.024
One short edge discontinuous
Negative moment at continuous edge 0.039 0.050 0.058 0.063 0.067 0.037
Positive moment at midspan 0.029 0.038 0.043 0.047 0.050 0.028
One long edge discontinuous
Negative moment at continuous edge 0.039 0.059 0.073 0.083 0.089 0.037
Positive moment at midspan 0.030 0.045 0.055 0.062 0.067 0.028
Two adjacent edges discontinuous
Negative moment at continuous edge 0.047 0.066 0.078 0.087 0.093 0.045
Positive moment at midspan 0.036 0.049 0.059 0.065 0.070 0.034


6


















L: is the effective span









































Maximum moments of one-way slabs
If l
y
/l
x
< 2: Design as a Two-way slab
If l
x
/l
y
> 2: Deisgn as a One-way slab

Note: l
x
is the longer span
l
y
is the shorter span



M
Ed
= 0.086FL
F: is the total ultimate
load =1.35Gk+1.5Qk


L: is the effective span


Note: Allowance has been made in the coefficients in
Table 5.2 for 20% redistribution of moments.

Maximum moment of Simply supported (pinned)
one-way slab
(Manual of EC2, Table 5.2)

Maximum moment of continuous supported one-
way slab
(Manual of EC2 ,Table 5.2)

Uniformly distributed loads
End support condition Moment
End support support M
Ed
=-0.040FL
End span M
Ed
=0.075FL
Penultimate support M
Ed
= -0.086FL
Interior spans M
Ed
=0.063FL
Interior supports M
Ed
=-0.063FL
!: total design ultimate load on span
L: is the effective span


Note: Allowance has been made in the coefficients in
Table 5.2 for 20% redistribution of moments.


7
3.0 Design of slab according to Eurocode 2





























Determine design yield strength of reinforcement
!
!"
!
!
!"
!
!


FLEXURAL DESIGN
(EN1992-1-1,cl. 6.1)
Determine K from:
! !
!
!"
!!
!
!
!"

!
!
! !!!! ! !!!"!
!
! !!!"

K<K
!
(no compression reinforcement required)


Obtain lever arm z: ! !
!
!
!! ! !! ! !!!"!! ! !!!"!


K>K
!
(then compression reinforcement required
not recommended for typical slab)

Obtain lever arm z: ! !
!
!
!! ! !! ! !!!"!
!
! ! !!!"!

!=1.0 for no redistribution
!=0.85 for 15% redistribution
!=0.7 for 30% redistribution

!
!!!"#
!
!
!"
!
!"
!


!
!"!!"#
!
!
!"!!"
!
!"
!

!
!"!!"#
!
!
!"!!"
!
!"
!


Area of steel reinforcement required:
One way solid slab Two way solid slab

For slabs, provide group of bars with area A
s.prov
per meter width

Spacing of bars (mm)

75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
Bar
Diameter
(mm)
8 670 503 402 335 287 251 223 201 183 168
10 1047 785 628 524 449 393 349 314 286 262
12 1508 1131 905 754 646 565 503 452 411 377
16 2681 2011 1608 1340 1149 1005 894 804 731 670
20 4189 3142 2513 2094 1795 1571 1396 1257 1142 1047
25 6545 4909 3927 3272 2805 2454 2182 1963 1785 1636
32 10723 8042 6434 5362 4596 4021 3574 3217 2925 2681
For beams, provide group of bars with area A
s. prov


Number of bars

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Bar
Diameter
(mm)
8 50 101 151 201 251 302 352 402 452 503
10 79 157 236 314 393 471 550 628 707 785
12 113 226 339 452 565 679 792 905 1018 1131
16 201 402 603 804 1005 1206 1407 1608 1810 2011
20 314 628 942 1257 1571 1885 2199 2513 2827 3142
25 491 982 1473 1963 2454 2945 3436 3927 4418 4909
32 804 1608 2413 3217 4021 4825 5630 6434 7238 8042

Check of the amount of reinforcement provided above the minimum/maximum amount of
reinforcement limit
(CYS NA EN1992-1-1, cl. NA 2.49(1)(3))

!
!!!"#
!
!!!"!
!"#
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!
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!!!"#$
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!!!"#
! !!!"!
!



8




















































SHEAR FORCE DESIGN
(EN1992-1-1,cl 6.2)



M
Ed
= 0.4F
F: is the total ultimate
load =1.35Gk+1.5Qk



Maximum moment of Simply supported (pinned)
one-way slab
(Manual of EC2, Table 5.2)

Maximum shear force of continuous supported
one-way slab
(Manual of EC2 ,Table 5.2)

Uniformly distributed loads
End support condition Moment
End support support M
Ed
=0.046F
Penultimate support M
Ed
= 0.6F
Interior supports M
Ed
=0.5F
!: total design ultimate load on span
Determine design shear stress, v
Ed

v
Ed
=V
Ed
/bd

Reinfoicement iatio, "# (EN1992-1-1, cl 6.2.2(1))
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Design shear resistance
! ! ! !
!
!""
!
! !!! !"#$ ! !" !!

!
!"!!
! !
!!!"
!
!
!!!""!
!
!
!"
!
!
!
! !
!
!
!"
! !"

!
!"!!!!"#
! !!!!!"#!!
!"
!
!!!
! !
!
!
!"
!!"

Alternative value of design shear resistance, V
Rd.c
(Concrete centre) ("#a)
!I =
As/(bd)
Effective depth, d (mm)
"200 225 250 275 300 350 400 450 500 600 750
0.25% 0.54 0.52 0.50 0.48 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.40 0.38 0.36
0.50% 0.59 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.52 0.51 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.45
0.75% 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.63 0.62 0.59 0.58 0.56 0.55 0.53 0.51
1.00% 0.75 0.72 0.71 0.69 0.68 0.65 0.64 0.62 0.61 0.59 0.57
1.25% 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.73 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.66 0.63 0.61
1.50% 0.85 0.83 0.81 0.79 0.78 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.70 0.67 0.65
1.75% 0.90 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.82 0.79 0.77 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.68
#2.00% 0.94 0.91 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.77 0.74 0.71
k 2.000 1.943 1.894 1.853 1.816 1.756 1.707 1.667 1.632 1.577 1.516
Table derived from: vRd.c=0.12k(100 !I fck)
1/3
#0.035k
1.5
fck
0.5

where k=1+(200/d)
0.5
"0.02

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9




















































DESIGN FOR CRACKING
(EN1992-1-1,cl.7.3)

A
smin
<A
s.prov


Minimum area of reinforcement steel
within tensile zone
(EN1992-1-1,Eq. 7.1)

!
!!!!"
!
! !
!
!
!"!!""
!
!"
!
!


Chart to calculate unmodified steel stress !
su

(Concrete Centre - www.concretecentre.com)

Crack widths have an influence on the durability of the RC member. Maximum crack width
sizes can be determined from the table below (knowing $
s
, bar diameter, and spacing).
Maximum bar diameter and maximum spacing to limit crack widths
(EN1992-1-1,table7.2N&7.3N)

$
s

(N/mm
2
)
Maximum bar diameter and spacing for
maximum crack width of:
0.2mm 0.3mm 0.4mm
160 25 200 32 300 40 300
200 16 150 25 250 32 300
240 12 100 16 200 20 250
280 8 50 12 150 16 200
300 6 - 10 100 12 150
Note. The table demonstrates that cracks widths can be reduced if;
os is ieuuceu
Bai uiametei is ieuuceu. This mean that spacing is ieuuceu if As.piov is to be the
same.
Spacing is ieuuceu

k
c
=0.4 for bending
k=1 for web width < 300mm or
k=0.65for web > 800mm
f
ct,eff
= f
ctm
= tensile strength after 28 days
A
ct
=Area of concrete in tension=b (h-(2.5(d-z)))
$
s
=max stress in steel immediately after crack
initiation
!
!
! !
!"
!
!
!!!"#
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!!!"#$
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!
! or !
!
! !!!" !
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!!!"#
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!!!"#$
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!


1u




















































DESIGN FOR DEFLECTION
(EN1992-1-1,cl.7.4)

Simplified Calculation approach
Span/effective depth ratio
(EN1992-1-1, Eq. 7.16a and 7.16b)

The effect of cracking complicacies the deflection calculations of the RC member under
service load. To avoid such complicate calculations, a limit placed upon the span/effective
depth ration.
!
!
! ! !!! ! !!!!!
!"
!
!
!
! !!!!!
!"
!
!
!
!
! !!
!!!
! !" ! ! !
!

!
!
! ! !!! ! !!!!!
!"
!
!
! ! !
!
!
!
!"
!!
!"
!
!
!
!
!
! !" ! ! !
!

Note: The span-to-depth ratios should ensure that deflection is limited to span/250




Structural system modification factor
(CY NA EN1992-1-1,NA. table 7.4N)

The values of K may be reduced to account for long span as follow:
In beams anu slabs wheie the span>7.um, multiply by ,-..7
Type of member K

Cantilever 0.4
Flat slab 1.2
Simply supported 1.0
Continuous end
span
1.3
Continuous interior
span
1.5


Reference reinforcement
ratio

(EN1992-1-1,cl. 7.4.2(2))

!
!
! !!!!"!!
!"


Tension reinforcement ratio
(EN1992-1-1,cl. 7.4.2(2))

! !
!
!!!"#
!"



11

4.0 Example 1: Analysis and design of RC slab using ETABS


1. Dimensions:

Depth of slab, h: h=150mm
Length in longitudinal direction, Ly: Ly=6m
Length in transverse direction, Lx: Lx=5m
Number of slab panels: N=3

2. Loads:

Dead load:
Self weight, g
k.s
: g
k.s
=3.75kN/m
2

Extra dead load, g
k.e
: g
k.e
=1.00kN/m
2

Total dead load, G
k
: G
k
=4.75kN/m
2
Live load:
Live load, q
k
: g
k
=2.00kN/m
2

Total live load, Q
k
: Q
k
=2.00kN/m
2


3. Load combination:

Total load on slab: 1.35G
k
+1.5Q
k
=

COMB1: 1.35*4.75+1.5*2.00=9.1kN/m
2

4. Layout of model:



12

4.1 Ultimate moments results

4.1.1 Maximum hogging and Sagging moment at Longitudinal direction Ly



4.1.2 Maximum hogging and Sagging moment at Transverse direction Lx




1S

4.1.3 Hand calculation results

Program results

Ultimate moment at longitudinal direction Ly

Mid-span
GL1-GL2
(kNm)

GL2
(kNm)
Mid-span
GL2-GL3
(kNm)
GL3 Mid-span
GL3-GL4
(kNm)
ETABS Results 10.43 11.54 7.68 11.54 10.40
Hand calculation
results
1
10.20 13.60 8.00 10.70 10.20
Error percentage 2,20% 15.14% 4.00% 7.30% 1.92%
1
Hand calculation are based on moment coefficient of Manual to Eurocode 2
Institutional of Structural Engineers, 2006 (Table 5.2).


Program results

Ultimate moment at longitudinal direction Lx

Mid-span
GL1-GL2
(kNm)

Mid-span
GL2-GL3
(kNm)
Mid-span
GL3-GL4
(kNm)
ETABS Results 13.5 13.5 13.5
Hand calculation
results
1
13.2 13.2 13.2
Error percentage 2.20% 2.20% 2.20%
1
Hand calculation are based on moment coefficient of Manual to Eurocode 2
Institutional of Structural Engineers, 2006 (Table 5.2).















14
4.1.4 Hand calculation Results

Analysis and design of Interior slab panel (GL1-GL2)


1S
Analysis and design of Interior slab panel (GL2-GL3)



16

Analysis and design of Interior slab panel (GL3-GL4)