Basic Study Guide For Water Supply

TCE.
M1-CV-155-01
TCE Consulting Engineers Limited
SECTION: TITLE
BASIC STUDY GUIDE FOR WATER TRANSMISSION
AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
SHEET i OF iii

REV. NO.
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R4
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INITIALS SIGN. INITIALS SIGN. INITIALS SIGN. INITIALS SIGN.
PPD. BY SDC Sd/- PLK Sd/- PLK Sd/- SS Sd/-
R4
CHD. BY AK Sd/- AAS Sd/- AAS Sd/- PA Sd/-
APD. BY RDD Sd/- RBG Sd/- JPH Sd/- SMP Sd/-
DATE 1994-03-28 1997-05-13 2004-05-25 15-10-2009

TCE FORM NO. 020 R3 FILE NAME: F020R3. DOC

BASIC STUDY GUIDE
FOR
WATER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

FILE NAME: M1-CV-155-01-R4.DOC
TCE.M1-CV-155-01
SECTION: CONTENTS
SHEET ii OF iii

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CONTENTS
SR.
NO.
TITLE
SH.
NO

1.0 SCOPE 1
2.0 INPUT PARAMETERS 1
3.0 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS 4
4.0 SELECTION PROCESS / ANALYSIS 4
5.0 OUTPUT PARAMETERS 5
6.0 REPORT FORMAT 6

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REVISION STATUS SHEET

REV. NO. DATE DESCRIPTION
R1 28-03-1994 Whole write-up is modified suitably.
R2 13-05-1997 Sheet 3 of 7 revised.
R3 25-05-2004 Generally Revised
R4 15-10-2009 Revised as per the latest format with modifications and
additions

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1.0 SCOPE
This guide deals with the requirements for conducting a basic study for water
transmission and distribution systems. The scope of this study would be
confined to the study of the tree system of supplying water up till sumps and
service reservoirs and the local distribution network supplied by service
reservoirs. It identifies the input data and design parameters that would be
required and the approach to be adopted for the analysis. Instrumentation
and Control Systems are excluded from this study.
2.0 INPUT PARAMETERS
While taking up the basic study, it would be decided as to what
information/data are to be given by the client and/or other agencies and what
information/data are to be generated and/or obtained by TCE. Field studies
and surveys might or would have to be conducted to generate additional
data/information wherever provided for in the scope of services. The following
are the input parameters required for the design of a distribution system.
2.1 POPULATION FORECAST
2.1.1 Population forecasts for the stipulated design period may be obtained based
on data/information provided by client and/or other concerned development
Authorities. In the absence of ready forecasts the same would have to be
freshly worked out. The forecasts should be on an overall basis for the
service area and also for various wards/zones/regions in the proposed
service area.
2.1.2 Population density forecasts for wards/zones and saturation densities for
wards/zones.
2.2 WATER DEMAND
2.2.1 Per capita domestic demand for various categories of housing including
slums. A distinction would be made between private or individual connections
and public stand posts.
2.2.2 Industrial, commercial and public demands - quantum and location.
2.2.3 Distribution network losses.
2.2.4 Fireflow requirement in different areas.
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2.2.5 Any other specific demands: Some of the above demands would be
estimated by conducting field studies as per requirements of a particular TOR
and processing the collected data statistically to reach meaningful
conclusions. Use of private water sources such as wells may have to be
considered before estimating water demands. Water demands would be
normally worked out for 100% satisfaction at consumer level. In the case of
paucity of sources, water allocation would have to be considered.
2.3 SOURCES
The study of sources and their reliability is not covered by this basic study.
However, the selection of the transmission and the distribution systems may
depend upon the source parameters. Following information therefore would
be collected.
2.3.1 Feasible sources, location and yield from each source. Levels at which water
could be drawn.
2.3.2 Availability of alternate routes for transmission and distribution of water to the
service area by gravity/pumping.
2.3.3 Availability of sites for Intake.
2.3.4 Location of water treatment plant/s.
2.4 EXISTING TRANSMISSION / DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
2.4.1 Drawings of the existing transmission and distribution networks including
locations, heads, pipe sizes and type of control valves and other
appurtenances.
2.4.2 Type/material of existing pipes and their C-values, based on typical field
studies and age and type of pipes as applicable.
2.4.3 Flows in major lines and pressures at major junctions from past records or
from field studies as applicable.
2.4.4 Existing distribution zones and the existing pattern of supply, peak factor from
field studies as applicable.
2.4.5 Details of existing service reservoirs and pumping installations.
2.4.6 Leakage in the existing system from any ready observation data in records or
from sample leakage studies as applicable.
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2.4.7 Details of existing metering system and assessment of their general working
condition.
2.5 GENERAL
2.5.1 Contour plans of area covering sources and the service area.
2.5.2 Probable locations for new service reservoirs / distribution stations.
2.5.3 Land use plans of the service area
2.5.4 Assessment of heights of buildings in various zones for fixing an appropriate
residual head at junctions.
2.5.5 Unit rates of following items of work in the area of work preferably collected
from recent tenders floated by client.
(a) Excavation in soils, rock etc and backfilling
(b) Manufacture and supply of pipes and fittings of different materials and
sizes.
(c) Laying and jointing of pipes and fittings of different materials and sizes
(d) Road reinstatement
(e) Pressure testing of pipes
(f) Reinforced concrete of various grades
(g) Brickwork
(h) General buildings works
(i) Water meters
(j) Various types of valves and fire hydrants
(k) Pumps & Electrical Installation costs for different sizes of Installations per
HP basis
(l) Schedule of electrical energy charges
(m) Commercially available sizes of pipes of different materials
2.5.6 Available reports on the system in operational experience.
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3.0 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
Minimum pressure at junctions of distribution network for 24 hrs/intermittent
supply as applicable.
(a) Minimum junction pressure at peak flow rate
(b) Minimum junction pressure at peak rate coincident with fire flow where
applicable.
3.1 Minimum total cost taking into account capital, operation and maintenance
costs.
3.2 Reliability, simplicity of operation flexibility for future expansion and in case of
emergencies.
4.0 SELECTION PROCESS / ANALYSIS
(a) Identification of alternative water transmission / distribution
arrangements.
(b) Identification of locations of service reservoirs
(c) Assessment of consumption pattern (synthetic or from field studies as
applicable).
(d) The distribution zones and network to be formulated.
(e) Development plan and pattern

4.1 USEFUL SOFTWARE

LOOP - Program developed by the World Bank for simulation,
design and optimization of looped water distribution
networks. The program is free and is in the public
domain. LOOP 4.0 can handle up to 1000 pipes or 750
nodes and allows inclusion of pumps/reservoirs,
existing as well as parallel pipes, check valves,
pressure reducing valves. The program runs in MS
DOS.
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WaterCAD - WaterCAD can work within stand-alone and
MicroStation platforms, with available AutoCAD
inegration to model within CAD environment. It can
provide hydraulic and water quality modeling solution
for water distribution systems. Additional features
include fire flow and constituent concentration analyses,
energy consumption and capital cost management,
WaterGEMS WaterGEMS is a water distribution modeling application
featuring interoperability across stand-alone, ArcGIS,
AutoCAD, and MicroStation environments. Additional
features include fire flow and water quality simulations,
energy cost analysis, advanced genetic algorithm
optimization in a flexible multi-platform environment.
Bentley Water Software utilizing GIS for Managing Water Utility Assets
including Facility Creation and Editing, Facility
Management and Network Analysis. Useful for
organizing and integrating information from multiple
sources into water infrastructure design, construction,
operations, and maintenance workflows.
4.2 The selection process would consider the optimisation of overall capital and
operation costs along with operational logistics for the entire water supply
system.
5.0 OUTPUT PARAMETERS
5.1 Sources to be utilised
5.2 Hydraulic Potential at the source
5.3 Components of the Transmission system and sizes of pipes
5.4 Residual Head at nodes
5.5 Water Distribution zones, Parameters for Distribution stations
5.6 Preliminary design of zonal distribution systems
5.7 Costs

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6.0 REPORT FORMAT
The report format shall be as per procedure for Preparation of Technical
Reports (TCE.M9-PCS-08)

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