TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents Page No
1. Abstract 1
2. Introduction 5
2.1 History o t!e ir" 5
2.2 Products 5
2.# Tractors 5
2.$ Present scenario o t!e %&ant 6
2.' Future %&ans 6
#. Pro(ects
#.1 To "a)e Hardness c!art o *arious %arts o tractor so t!at
ease in c!ec)ing t!e inco"ing +ua&ity o *arious co"%onents
7
#.2 Need 7
#.# Beneits 7
#.$ Pur%ose 7
#.' Testing Procedure o t!e co"%onents 8
#., -ua&ity Procedure o t!e co"%onents 10
#.. Hard/are Section
Tab&e #.10 List o instru"ents used into I-C de%art"ent
Tab&e #.2 0 Hardness C!arts o Co"%onents
11
13
17
#.1 Ac!ie*e"ents ti&& date 18
#.2 3e"aining 4or) 18
#.1.1 Ob(ecti*e0 To i"%&e"ent %o/er steering on t!e tractor to
"a)e t!e steering si"%&er and easier
19
#.1.2 3e+uire"ents 19
#.1.# A%%&ications 19
#.1.$ Sc!edu&e 19
#.1.' Layout o %o/er steering 20
#.1., Co"%onents o %o/er steering
Figure 1.10 Steering 4!ee&
21
#.1.. Steering Co&u"n
Figure0 1.20 Steering Co&u"n
22
#.1.1 Steering 5nit
Figure 1.#0 Steering 5nit
23
#.1.2 Ac!ie*e"ents ti&& date 23
#.1.16 3e"aining 4or) 23
$. 3eerences 24
1. ABST3ACT
A tractor is a critical tool in farm mechanization. A 20 HP tractor can replace about 200 laborers.
Tractor is also for material handling in industries and a tractor trailer combination is also used as a
SUSCET, TANGORI 2
passenger / commercial ehicle in rural and semi!urban areas. "tudies done in Pun#ab sho$s that an
aerage farmer runs his tractor for about %&7 hours in a 'ear. (ut of this) 27* hours is spent on
farming $hile the remaining time is diided bet$een mar+eting of produce and purchase of inputs
,-. hours/) customs hiring ,%2 hours/ and other social engagements ,2- hours/.
0ualit' is one of the important factors $hich influences the purchaser of product and helps to
capture mar+et. 1t pla's an important role in customer2s decision and $hich is $h' control of
3ualit' during manufacture of a product is er' necessar'. 0ualit' of product depends upon the
application of materials) men) machines and manufacturing conditions. The 3ualit' control is
needed due to the follo$ing reasons4
a/ Customer5s "atisfaction
b/ 6conom'
c/ 7eduction in "crap
d/ 8easibl' of using arious spare parts
2. INT3O75CTION
2.1 HISTO38 OF THE FI390
SUSCET, TANGORI 3
1n .&*0) $hen the nation needed one t'pe of machine $hich could harest and thresh the crop
simultaneousl') to reduce the losses beared b' the farmers) ". Hari "ingh ,9.:. of Preet Agro Pt.
;td./ $as $or+ing on the pro#ect in his tractor repair $or+shop. After three 'ears of hardship) he
$as able to establish a small scale unit for manufacturing haresting reapers) Threshers) Agriculture
parts. ;ater) his brother ".<urcharan "ingh ,:irector/ #oined him in .&*= and the' $ere able to
ma+e a tractor drien combine in .&*-.
The name Preet $as established in .&*7. The Pro#ect for manufacturing agricultural Tractors $as
the farmer5s agricultural re3uirement. >o$ the 9.: of Preet Tractor is ?".<urpreet "ingh@ s/o ".
Hari "ingh. The deelopment of tractors $hich started in house in 200. $as materialized in
launching manufacturing actiities of tractors hae started in earl' 200%. A batch of 2. tractors hae
been tested ,(n all the farming operation/ through farmers $ho had the ast eAperience in
agriculture.
2.2 P3O75CTS0
Toda') Preet Agro 1ndustries is the largest manufacturer of self!propelled combines) tractors and
haresters in 1ndia. The compan' produces a $ide range of tractors and combines $hich are gien
belo$4
2.# T3ACTO3S0
Preet 7=B&
Preet -0B&!.
Preet -0B&
Preet =0B&
Preet B=B&
Preet B0B&
Preet %=B&
Preet %0B&
2.$ INF3AST35CT53E0
SUSCET, TANGORI 4
P3EET is one of the 1ndiaCs leading manufacturers of agricultural tractors and combine haresters.
P3EET is mar+et leader in self!propelled combine haresters in 1ndia. De are controlling %=E
mar+et share of self!propelled combine haresters.
2.' P3ESENT SCENA3IO OF THE PLANT0 :
The compan' is 1"( &00.4 2000 certified compan'.
Combine haresters are manufactured on organized assembl' production line.
Plant is e3uipped $ith latest C>C turning machines for machining of components and others
computerized machines i.e. shearing machines) bending press) po$er press) lathe) shapers and
radial drill machines etc.
Compan' is haing one another full' computerized Turret punching machine to enhance
production capacit' and to maintain the 3ualit' of product.
2., F5T53E PLANS
Compan' has installed ;aser oscillator machine from 9AFAG Hapan.
De $ill be first to install 7obots for all t'pe of $elding #obs in our plant in neAt financial 'ear.
:ip Painting of sheet metal $ill be install soon.
#.1 P3O;ECT 0
SUSCET, TANGORI 5
To ma+e Hardness chart of arious parts of tractor so that ease in chec+ing the incoming 3ualit' of
arious components.
#.2 NEE74
The 3ualit' control is needed due to the follo$ing reasons4
a. Customer5s "atisfaction
b. 6conom'
c. 7eduction in "crap
#.# BENEFITS
There are man' adantages b' controlling the product 3ualit'. "ome of them are listed belo$4
a/ 1mproement in 3ualit'.
b/ 1ncreased production under same set up.
c/ 7eduction in cost due to lo$er re#ection and re$or+ing.
d/ 7eduction in scrap.
e/ 7eduction in production bottlenec+s.
f/ 7eduction in inspection in terms manpo$er and e3uipment cost.
g/ 6aluation of 3ualit' tolerance $ith an idea of aoiding uncalled for 3ualit' build!up.
h/ 9aintenance of operating efficienc'.
i/ ;ess customer complaints.
#/ 0ualit' consciousness.
#.$ P53POSE0
1ncoming 7a$ 9aterial are inspected in order to
a. 6liminate those material $hich do not meet specification and li+el' to cause trouble during
processing.
b. 6aluate endor5s 3ualit' and abilit' to suppl' acceptable materials.
c. 1nspection of ra$ material ma' inole a isuals chec+ up onl') a dimensional chec+) a test
of ph'sical properties and chemicals composition) etc.
d. 7a$ materials depending upon their characteristics and ma' re3uire a sampling inspection
SUSCET, TANGORI 6
e. After inspection) the right 3ualit' parts are sent either to stoc+ room or Assembl' lines.
#.$.1 -5ALIT8 3ESPONSIBILITIES0:
AS A USER:-
.. Transmit needs to supplier.
2. Proide feedbac+ to supplier
%. (btain feedbac+ from supplier
AS A PROCESSOR:-
.. Plan process to meet customers need.
2. Control process to meet customers need.
%. 1mproe process based on customers feedbac+.
AS A SUPPLIER:-
.. Gno$ $ho are customers
2. Inderstand the needs of customers.
%. Aoid creating problems for customers
B. (btain feedbac+ from customers.
#.' TESTIN< P3OCE753E OF THE CO9PONENTS
The components are tested b' the follo$ing procedure4!
./ Appearance
2/ :imensions
%/ Deight
B/ 8itment
=/ 8unction/Performance
-/ 9aterial
7/ P7(C6""
SUSCET, TANGORI 7
1. APPE3ANCE0 :
1t is the first step to chec+ing appearance of the components means ho$ the component loo+s li+e.
Dhether its surface is smooth or notJ Dhether its sharp edges are chamfered or notJ 1n this step
component $elding) surface treatment and machining is also chec+ed.
2. 7I9ENSIONS0 :
1t is the most important step of the 3ualit' testing of the arious components. The dimensioning
means the chec+ing of the dimensions of the component) $hether these are correct or notJ The
dimensioning is done b' certain instruments li+e the K67>167 CA;;1P67) 91C7(96T67)
L6K6; P7(T6CT(7) H61<HT <AI<6) etc. L' these measuring instruments the measurement
of the dimensions of the component become er' eas'. These dimensions are chec+ed $ith respect
to the dimensions gien in the dra$ing i.e. the re3uired dimensions.
#. 4EI<HT0 :
The material of component is also necessar' because it gies idea of the material re3uired for
manufacture the component. The $eight of the component is measured b' $eighing machine. This
machine can measure the $eight from =00gram to =0000gram. There is scale on the measuring
machine) $hich sho$s the reading of the $eight.
$. FIT9ENT0 :
8itment means fitting of the component actuall' in the ehicle. The component is then chec+ed
$hether it fit properl' in the releant position or not. 1f the component is fitted properl' and then
component get accepted other$ise it re#ected. "o the acceptation or re#ection of the component is
also based upon the fitment of the component.
=. F5NCTIONAL PE3FO39ANCE0 :
The functional performance of the component is measured after the fitment of the component.
8unctional performance means ho$ $ell the component is functioning in the ehicle.
-. 9ATE3IAL0 :
SUSCET, TANGORI 8
The material of the component should be able to absorb the stresses produced in that component.
The material ma' be brittle) hard or tensile as per re3uirement. Hardness of the material is generall'
chec+ed b' 7oc+$ell hardness testing machine) poldi hardness tester and shore hardness tester.
7. P3OCESS0 :
1n this step of the 3ualit' control of the components the processes of the components are chec+ed.
8or ma+ing a certain component there are certain processes b' $hich a component should go
through. These processes are made in serial $ise and the component should follo$ these processes
in serial $ise. 1f the processes are serial $ise then component is made eAactl' according to our
re3uirement. These processes can be chec+ed onl' at the production site i.e. $here the component is
manufactured. "o in case of our industr' the processes can onl' be chec+ed on the endor side
$here the component is manufactured. The processes can be drilling) punching) tapering) lathing)
heat treatment) machining etc.
#., -5ALIT8 I9P3O=E9ENT S8STE9S
.. Component dra$ings
2. Process sheet $ith summer' sheet. ,ref. scd process sheets/.
%. 8irst pc. setting o+ record
B. 7un chart filling b' operator M audit b' 3i on run chart.
=. Chec+list on front side M pdi on the bac+side of the sheet.
-. 1n plant re#ection M there defect anal'sis.
7. Periodic inspection and maintenance of tools/gauges M machines.
*. 9aster sample should be aailable for each sheet.
&. 9aterial should be properl' stac+ed in bins .,no material should be on shop floor/
.0. Tools M gauges should be +ept properl' at their embar+ed place.
... Dor+station should be according to la'out plan.
.2. 9aterial should be transported tin bins.
.%. The responsibilit' of implementing and maintaining the arious records should be clearl'
defined and the name of the person to be intimated to acs and bu'.
.B. "ubmission of self!appraisal form.
SUSCET, TANGORI 9
#.. HA374A3E SECTION
Hard$are is one of the main sections of the 1ncoming 0ualit' Control :epartment. All the hard$are
items $hich are used in the tractor assembl' are chec+ed thoroughl' in this section of 10C
department. There are more than &00 different components $hich are chec+ed on regular basis) for
this purpose 0ualit' 1nspectors are proided $ith the entire measuring 1nstrument re3uired b' them.
8or the conenience these components are further categorized under different groups .>ame of such
groups is as follo$s4!
.. WASHERS:- There are &- t'pes of different DA"H67" $hich are chec+ed under this group.
All these are used in different tractor assemblies.
2. SHIMS: - There are 7= t'pes of different "H19" $hich are chec+ed under this group. All
these are used in different tractor assemblies
%. BOLTS & SCREWS: - There are -0 t'pes of different L(;T" M "C76D" $hich are
chec+ed under this group. All these are used in different tractor assemblies
B. RUBBER ITEMS: - There are *0 t'pes of different 7ILL67 1T69" $hich are chec+ed
under this group. All these are used in different tractor assemblies.
=. SPRINGS: - There are =0 t'pes of different "P71><" $hich are chec+ed under this group.
All these are used in different tractor assemblies.
-. DELIVERY & FUEL PIPES: - There are =B t'pes of different :6;1K67N M 8I6; P1P6"
$hich are chec+ed under this group. All these are used in different tractor assemblies.
7. SUCTION PIPES: - There are =B t'pes of different "ICT1(> P1P6" $hich are chec+ed
under this group. All these are used in different tractor assemblies.
*. KNOBS: - There are 2. t'pes of different G>(L" $hich are chec+ed under this group. All
these are used in different tractor assemblies.
&. PLUGS: - There are 2. t'pes of different P;I<" $hich are chec+ed under this group. All
these are used in different tractor assemblies.
.0. O-RINGS &SEALING RINGS: - There are 20t'pes of different (!71><" M"6A;1><
71><" $hich are chec+ed under this group. All these are used in different tractor
assemblies.
... CLAMPS: - There are 2% t'pes of different C;A9P" $hich are chec+ed under this group.
All these are used in different tractor assemblies.
.2. HOSE PIPES: - There are .* t'pes of different H("6 P1P6" $hich are chec+ed under this
group. All these are used in different tractor assemblies.
SUSCET, TANGORI 10
.%. DUST CAP PTO COVER: - There are20 t'pes of different :I"T CAP PT( C(K67 $hich
are chec+ed under this group. All these are used in different tractor assemblies.
.B. BUSHES: - There are=* t'pes of different LI"H6" $hich are chec+ed under this group. All
these are used in different tractor assemblies.
.=. WIRE & CABLES: - There are 2% t'pes of different D176 M CAL;6" $hich are chec+ed
under this group. All these are used in different tractor assemblies.
.-. PINS: - There are .20t'pes of different P1>" DA"H67" $hich are chec+ed under this
group. All these are used in different tractor assemblies.
.7. NUTS: - There are .B t'pes of different >IT" $hich are chec+ed under this group. All these
are used in different tractor assemblies.
.*. ADOPTERS: - There are .% t'pes of different A:(PT67" $hich are chec+ed under this
group. All these are used in different tractor assemblies.
.&. SPACERS: - There are -= t'pes of different "PAC67" $hich are chec+ed under this group.
All these are used in different tractor assemblies.
20. GASKETS: - There are -- t'pes of different <A"G6T" $hich are chec+ed under this group.
All these are used in different tractor assemblies.
2.. FUEL CUT OFF RODS: - There are - t'pes of different 8I6; CIT (88 7(: $hich are
chec+ed under this group. All these are used in different tractor assemblies.
Tab&e #.10 List o instru"ents used into I-C de%art"ent
S.NO. NA9E OF INST359ENT 3AN<E 9A>E -T8.
. K67>167 CA;;1P67 0 ! -00mm 91TIT(N( .
2 K67>167 CA;;1P67 0 ! %00mm 91TIT(N( 2
% K67>167 CA;;1P67 0 ! .=0mm 91TIT(N( .
B :1A; 1>:1CAT(7 0 ! ..mm 91TIT(N( %
= :1A; 1>:1CAT(7 ! 91TIT(N( .
- 91C7(96T67 0 ! 2=mm 91TIT(N( .
7 91C7(96T67 2= ! =0mm 91TIT(N( .
* 91C7(96T67 =0 ! 7=mm 91TIT(N( .
& 91C7(96T67 7= ! .00mm 91TIT(N( .
.0 91C7(96T67 .00 ! .2=mm 91TIT(N( .
.. 91C7(96T67 .2= ! .=0mm 91TIT(N( .
SUSCET, TANGORI 11
.2 91C7(96T67 .=0 ! .7=mm 91TIT(N( .
.% 8;A><6 91C7(96T67 0 ! 2=mm 91TIT(N( .
.B 8;A><6 91C7(96T67 2= ! =0mm 91TIT(N( .
.= 8;A><6 91C7(96T67 =0 ! 7=mm 91TIT(N( .
.- 8;A><6 91C7(96T67 7= ! .00mm 91TIT(N( .
.7 8;A><6 91C7(96T67 .00 ! .2=mm 91TIT(N( .
.* 8;A><6 91C7(96T67 .2= ! .=0mm 91TIT(N( .
.& ";1P <AI<6 L(O *%PC. P6C(CG .
20 7A:1I" <AI<6 . ! 7mm 91TIT(N( .
2. 7A:1I" <AI<6 7.= ! .=mm 91TIT(N( .
22 7A:1I" <AI<6 .= ! 2=mm 91TIT(N( .
2% 866;67 <AI<6 0.0= ! ..00 ATI; .
2B H61<HT <AI<6,:1<1TA;/ 0 ! -00 91TIT(N( .
2=
7(CGD6;; HA7:>6"
T6"T67 ! 81>6 .
2-
"H(76 HA7:>6""
T6"T67 0 ! .00 91TIT(N( .
27 :1A; L(76 <AI<6 .0 ! .*.= 91TIT(N( .
2* :1A; L(76 <AI<6 .* ! %= 91TIT(N( .
2& :1A; L(76 <AI<6 %= ! -0 91TIT(N( .
%0 :1A; L(76 <AI<6 =0 ! .=0 91TIT(N( .
%. 96<>6T1C "TA>: ! ! .
%2 91C7(96T67 "TA>: 9" ! . ! .
%% 9A<>6T1C K ! L;(CG .02O&-O72 "A97T .
%B 9A<>6T1C K ! L;(CG .=2O&*O7B "A97T .
%= TH76A: P1TCH <AI<6 L.".D. 91TIT(N( .
%- "P6C1A; :6A: C6>T76 !
LHA;
6><<. .
%7 "C76D HACG ,L1</ ! ! B
%* "C76D HACG ,"9A;;/ ! ! B
%& L6: C6>T76 .000O2-0 ;ITH7A .
SUSCET, TANGORI 12
B0
"I78AC6 P;AT6
,<7A>1T6/ .000O.000 ;ITH7A .
B. CN;1>:71CA; P1>" P %.. ! =
B2 CN;1>:71CA; P1>" P %.2 ! =
B% CN;1>:71CA; P1>" P B.= ! =
BB CN;1>:71CA; P1>" P =.00 ! =
B= CN;1>:71CA; P1>" P =.=0 ! =
B- CN;1>:71CA; P1>" P -.00 ! =
B7 CN;1>:71CA; P1>" P 7.00 ! =
B* CN;1>:71CA; P1>" P *.00 ! .
B& CN;1>:71CA; P1>" P *..0 ! =
=0 TH76A: 71>< <AI<6 92BO..= H1P .
=. TH76A: 71>< <AI<6 922O..= H1P .
=2 TH76A: 71>< <AI<6 920O..= H1P .
=% TH76A: 71>< <AI<6 9.*O..= H1P .
=B TH76A: 71>< <AI<6 9.-O..= H1P .
== TH76A: 71>< <AI<6 9.-O2 H1P .
=- TH76A: 71>< <AI<6 9.BO..= H1P .
=7 TH76A: 71>< <AI<6 9.2O..7= H1P .
=* TH76A: 71>< <AI<6 9.0O..= H1P .
=& TH76A: 71>< <AI<6 9*O..2= H1P .
-0 TH76A: 71>< <AI<6 9*O. H1P .
-. TH76A: 71>< <AI<6 9-O. H1P .
-2 TH76A: P;I< <AI<6 92BO..= H1P .
-% TH76A: P;I< <AI<6 922O..= H1P .
-B TH76A: P;I< <AI<6 920O..= H1P .
-= TH76A: P;I< <AI<6 9.*O..= H1P .
-- TH76A: P;I< <AI<6 9.-O..= H1P .
-7 TH76A: P;I< <AI<6 9.-O2 H1P .
-* TH76A: P;I< <AI<6 9.BO..= H1P .
SUSCET, TANGORI 13
-& TH76A: P;I< <AI<6 9.2O..7= H1P .
70 TH76A: P;I< <AI<6 9.0O..= H1P .
7. TH76A: P;I< <AI<6 9*O..2= H1P .
72 TH76A: P;I< <AI<6 9*O. H1P .
7% TH76A: P;I< <AI<6 9-O. H1P .
7B CA;CI;T(7 "C16>T181C ! CA"1( .
7= <6A7 P7(81;6 T6AT67 91TIT(N
(
.
Ai"0 ! 9a+ing hardness chart of arious parts of tractor $hich are generall' undergoing to chec+ in
3ualit' control for hardness purposes.
3e+uire"ent o Hardness C!art0:
.. 1f an' component $hich is come under line re#ection in 3ualit' control for mainl' hardness
then there is no need to open the control plan of that components) simpl' see the hardness of
that component from hardness chart and chec+ it again $ith suitable instrument.
2. 1t is eas' to locate the component control plan from the file b' note the component part no.
from the hardness chart.
%. 1t is beneficial for trainee students and for trainee engineers that the' not +no$ hardness of
arious components of tractors.
Contro& P&ans used or "a)ing Hardness c!art0
.. 7ear Coer
2. 8ront AAle
%. :ifferential
B. <ear and "hafts
=. <ear LoA
-. Hard$are
Tab&e #.20 HA37NESS CHA3T o CO9PONENTS
3EA3 CO=E3
SUSCET, TANGORI 14
S.NO. PA3T NO. 7ESC3IPTION HA37NESS
. B0.00B P("1T1(> ACTIAT(7 A""N. =*!-%H7C
2 B0.007 P("1T1(> ;1>G A""N. %0!%=H7C
% B0.0.0 :7A8T ;1>G A""N. %=!B0H7C
B B0.0.. "6>"(7 ;6K67 H1><6 P1> 2=!%0H7C
= B0.0.% "6>"(7 ,;!B2/ B0!B=H7C
- B0.0.7 "6>"(7 7(: %0!%-H7C
7 B0.020 P1> 7(CG67 ;1>G 2=!%0H7C
* B0200* C(>>6CT1>< 7(: B0!B=H7C
& B020.0 ;18T A79 A""N. =*!-2H7C
.0 B0=00& P("1T1(> C7A>G A""N. 20!2BH7C
.. B0=0.- 76TA1>1>< P1> ,L1</ 20!2=H7C
.2 B0%007 76"P(>6 KA;K6 2=!%0H7C
.% B020.* ;1>6A7 =0!-0H7C
.B .0B00= ;1>G P1> 2=!%0H7C
.= B0%00- LA;; "H66T =0!-0H7C
.- .0B00- ;1>CH P1> 2=!%0H7C
.7 B0%002 P;I< 20!2=H7C
.* .0B00B P1> 2=!%0H7C
.& B0.02% P1> 2=!%0H7C
20 B0.0.0- "D1K6; P1> 2=!%0H7C
2. B0202. 1>"67T B0!B=H7C
22 B020.- 7(CG "HA8T =0!==H7C
2% B0=02% :7A8T ;6K67 A""N. %=!B0H7C
2B B0=0.% P("1T1(> ;6K67 A""N. %=!B0H7C
2= B0=007 :78T C7A>G A""N. 20!B0H7C
7IFFE3ENTIAL
S.NO. PA3T NO. 7ESC3IPTION HA37NESS
. P0.0%00= P.T.(. C(K67 P;AT6 , ; / .*0!2%0LH>
2 P0B0-00. P.T.(. C(K67 P;AT6 , 7 / .*0!2%0LH>
% B0.0.& 7(CG67 ;1>G A""N. B0!B=H7C
B B0702% :7AD LA7 2=!%0H7C
= 90*0=007 D1TH:7AD; >IT ,P1>1(>B2O..=/ 2=!%0H7C
- %0.00= P;AT6 A""N. , ; / 2=!2*H7C
7 %0.00- P;AT6 A""N. , 7 / 2=!2*H7C
* B0702= ;(D67 ;1>G L7ACG6T , ; / 2=!%0H7C
& B0702- ;(D67 ;1>G L7ACG6T , 7 / 2=!%0H7C
F3ONT A?LE
S.NO
. PA3T NO. 7EC3IPTION HA37NESS
SUSCET, TANGORI 15
. =020.% "T6671>< A79 , ; / 2.0!2B0LH>
2 =0200& "T6671>< A79 , 7 / 2.0!2B0LH>
% =02007 HIL CAP .%0!.*0LH>
B =0.02. :(D6; ;66K6 20!2=LH>
= =0200* (!71>< H(;:67 20!2=LH>
- =0.00% P1> , T(6 H((G / %=!B2LH>
7 =02002 D6A7 71>< , "TIL AO;6 / B=!=0LH>
* =020.= G1>< P1> B=!=0H7C
& =0.0.0 P1K(T P1> 2=!%=H7C
ACHIE=E9ENTS TILL 7ATE0
.. Hardness Charts of 7ear Coer) 8ront AAle and the :ifferential has been prepared.
3E9AININ< 4O3>
.. Hardness charts of <ear and "hafts) <ear LoA are remaining.
P3O;ECT 2
#.1.1 OB;ECTI=E0 : To implement po$er steering on the tractor to ma+e the steering simpler and
easier.
#.1.2 3E-5I3E9ENT OF THIS P3O;ECT
;arger amount of tor3ue is re3uired to be applied b' the drier for steering of medium and hea'
ehicles
Hea' ehicles such as (ff!road truc+s) for+ lifts) earth moing machines) and tractors demands
high steering forces.
SUSCET, TANGORI 16
9echanical lin+age bet$een the steering $heel and the steered $heels $ould be more difficult
and eApensie in compact design ehicles.
#.1.# APPLICATIONS
Agriculture
Construction
8or+lift truc+s
;a$n and garden
9ini tractors
9unicipal ehicles
#.1.$. SCHE75LE0 STEP 10 9a+ing a la'out of h'drostatic po$er steering.
STEP 20 "izing the correct steering s'stem.
,A/ Calculating the total steering tor3ue.
,L/ Calculating the force re3uired for aAle.
,C/ "electing the steering unit displacement.
,:/ Calculating the re3uired pump flo$.
STEP #0 Troubleshooting the steering column.
#.1.' LA8O5T OF
PO4E3 STEE3IN<
SUSCET, TANGORI 17
STEP 1. TOTAL STEERING TORQUE:-
Total steering torque, T = C.f (B
2
/8 + E
2
) kgmm
Were C = !oa" on te steere" a#le (in kgmm)
E = $ing %in offset (in mm)
B = T&re 'rea"t (in mm)
!()* (+ T,E -TEE.E* )/!E,
C = 0121 (!()* (+ 3.(+T -TEE.4+5)
+2111 (!oa" of te loa"er)
SUSCET, TANGORI 18

C = 3030 kg
E/B = 61/071 = .206
(W,E.E B=071,E=61)

F = 0.4 (from a'o8e gra% )
Were f = 9oeffi9ient of fri9tion("imensionless).Base" on 1.:
)s ma#imum.
T = 2121/1.; (071)
2
/8+(61)
2
kgmm

= 2121/1.;/71.1: kgmm
T = 109164.13 kgmm
#.1., CO9PONENTS OF PO4E3 STEE3IN<
STEE3IN< 4HEEL4 ! its diameter is %=0mm Q.B inch.R) % spo+e steering $heel $ith +nob
standard and optional horn button.
SUSCET, TANGORI 19
8igure ...4 "teering Dheel
#.1.. STEE3IN< COL59N
"teering columns connect the steering $heel to the steering unit.
The steering column must be supported $hen its length eAceeds .=0 mm.
The mounting of the steering column
must be properl' aligned so that the
steering unit can return to neutral
position automaticall' after a steering
action has been completed.
The construction of the steering column
must ensure that no aAial or radial forces
are transferred to the steering unit input
shaft.
8igure4 ..24 "teering Column
SUSCET, TANGORI 20
#.1.1 STEE3IN< 5NIT
8igure ..%4 "teering Init
a/ 1t has four ports) one is connected to tan+ or reseroir) one is connected to pump) and
remaining t$o is connected to steering c'linder.
b/ 1t controls the flo$ of oil in different ports.
c/ 1t is rigidl' fiAed $ith steering column.
#.1.2 ACHIE=E9ENTS TILL 7ATE0
.. "tep . of the pro#ect is complete.
2. "tep 2 of the pro#ect is complete.
#.1.16 3E9AININ< 4O3>
.. "tep 2 ,L/) ,C/ and ,:/ are incomplete.
2. "tep % is incomplete.
%. Conclusion
$. 3EFE3ENCES
SUSCET, TANGORI 21
.. 1nformation Lrochure of the compan'.
2. (fficial Debsites of the compan'
a) $$$.preetagro.com
b) $$$.preetcombines.com
c/ $$$.preettractors.com
SUSCET, TANGORI 22