Page 1

Name: _____________________________________

CH225H
MT 2: 55 minutes KEY
You may use a calculator and a periodic table.

Part I. Multiple choice. [4 pts each]


1. Which of the following gives the molarity of a 17.0% by mass solution of sodium
acetate, CH
3
COONa (molar mass = 82.0 g/mol) in water? The density of the solution is
1.09 g/mL.
A) 7.26 10
6
M
B) 0.207 M
C) 1.07 M
D) 2.26 M
E) 2.99 M


2. Assuming complete dissociation of electrolytes, which of the following aqueous
solutions has the lowest freezing point?
A) 0.18 m KCl
B) 0.15 m Na
2
SO
4

C) 0.12 m Ca(NO
3
)
2

D) pure water
E) 0.20 m sucrose (a non-electrolyte)


3. It takes 42.0 min for the concentration of a reactant in a first-order reaction to drop from
0.45 M to 0.32 M at 25C. How long will it take for the reaction to be 90% complete?
A) 13.0 min
B) 86.0 min
C) 137 min
D) 222 min
E) 284 min



Page 2
4. Nitric oxide gas (NO) reacts with chlorine gas according to the equation
NO + Cl
2
NOCl.
The following initial rates of reaction have been measured for the given reagent
concentrations.
Expt. # Rate (M/hr) NO (M) Cl
2
(M)
1 1.19 0.50 0.50
2 4.79 1.00 0.50
3 9.59 1.00 1.00

Which of the following is the rate law (rate equation) for this reaction?
A) rate = k[NO]
B) rate = k[NO][Cl
2
]
1/2

C) rate = k[NO][Cl
2
]
D) rate = k[NO]
2
[Cl
2
]
E) rate = k[NO]
2
[Cl
2
]
2



5. The activation energy for the reaction CH
3
CO CH
3
+ CO is 71 kJ/mol. How many
times greater is the rate constant for this reaction at 170.0C than at 150.0C?
(R = 8.31 J / Kmol)
A) 0.40
B) 1.1
C) 2.5
D) 4.0
E) 5.0


6. An increase in temperature causes an increase in the rate of reaction. The best
explanation for this behavior is that as the temperature increases,
A) the concentration of reactants increases.
B) the activation energy decreases.
C) the collision frequency increases.
D) the fraction of collisions with total kinetic energy > E
a
increases.
E) the activation energy increases.



Page 3
7. The rate law for the reaction 2NO
2
+ O
3
N
2
O
5
+ O
2
is rate = k[NO
2
][O
3
]. Which one
of the following mechanisms is consistent with this rate law?
A) NO
2
+ NO
2
N
2
O
4
(fast)
N
2
O
4
+ O
3
N
2
O
5
+ O
2
(slow)
B) NO
2
+ O
3
NO
5
(fast)
NO
5
+ NO
5
N
2
O
5
+ (5/2)O
2
(slow)
C) NO
2
+ O
3
NO
3
+ O
2
(slow)
NO
3
+ NO
2
N
2
O
5
(fast)
D) NO
2
+ NO
2
N
2
O
2
+ O
2
(slow)
N
2
O
2
+ O
3
N
2
O
5
(fast)


8. With respect to the figure below, which choice correctly identifies all the numbered
positions?

1. 2. 3. 4.
A) catalyst intermediate transition state product
B) reactants transition state intermediate product
C) reactants transition state catalyst product
D) reactants intermediate transition state product
E) reactants intermediate transition state catalyst


9. Which is the correct equilibrium constant expression for the following reaction?
Fe
2
O
3
(s) + 3H
2
(g)

2Fe(s) + 3H
2
O(g)
A) K
c
= [Fe
2
O
3
] [H
2
]
3
/

[Fe]
2
[H
2
O]
3

B) K
c
= [H
2
]

/

[H
2
O]
C) K
c
= [H
2
O]
3
/ [H
2
]
3

D) K
c
= [Fe]
2
[H
2
O]
3
/ [Fe
2
O
3
] [H
2
]
3

E) K
c
= [Fe] [H
2
O] / [Fe
2
O
3
] [H
2
]



Page 4
10. Which of the following is a true statement about chemical equilibria in general?
A) At equilibrium the total concentration of products equals the total concentration of
reactants, that is, [products] = [reactants].
B) Equilibrium is the result of the cessation of all chemical change.
C) There is only one set of equilibrium concentrations that equals the K
c
value.
D) At equilibrium, the rate constant of the forward reaction is equal to the rate constant
for the reverse reaction.
E) At equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the
reverse reaction.




11. Consider the following equilibria:
2SO
3
(g) 2SO
2
(g) + O
2
(g) K
c
= 2.3 10
7

2NO
3
(g) 2NO
2
(g) + O
2
(g) K
c
= 1.4 10
3

Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction
SO
2
(g) + NO
3
(g) SO
3
(g) + NO
2
(g).
A) 78
B) 1.3 10
2

C) 1.6 10
4

D) 3.2 10
10

E) 6.1 10
3



12. For the following reaction at equilibrium, which one of the changes below would cause
the equilibrium to shift to the left?

2NOBr(g) 2NO(g) + Br
2
(g), H
rxn
= +30 kJ/mol
A) Increase the container volume.
B) Remove some NO.
C) Remove some Br
2
.
D) Add more NOBr.
E) Decrease the temperature.


13. The equilibrium constants (expressed in atm) for the chemical reaction
N
2
(g) + O
2
(g) 2NO(g) are K
p
= 1.1 10
3
and 3.6 10
3
at 2,200 K and 2,500 K,
respectively. Which one of the following statements is true?
A) The reaction is exothermic, H < 0.
B) The partial pressure of NO(g) is less at 2,200 K than at 2,500 K.
C) K
p
is less than K
c
by a factor of (RT).
D) The total pressure at 2,200 K is the same as at 2,500 K.
E) Higher total pressure shifts the equilibrium to the left.


Page 5

Part II. Short Essay

14. Concentrated nitric acid (HNO
3
, mw = 63 g / mol) is actually an aqueous solution
containing 70.3 mass percent HNO
3
. The solution density is 1.43 g / mL. What is the
molarity of this solution ? [10 pts]

molarity of HNO
3
= mol HNO
3
/ 1 L soln

= (1.43 g soln/mL)(70.3 g HNO
3
/100 g soln) / (63 g HNO
3
/mol HNO
3
)(0.001
L/mL)
= 16.0 M



15. For A + B C
K
c
= 4.2 x 10
3
at 20 C. What is K
c
at 20 C for the equilibrium: [6 pts]
C B + A

K = 1 / K
c
= 1 / 4.2E3 = 2.4 x 10
-4


16. Calculate the freezing point of a solution made from 8.5 g of octane (a non-electrolyte
with mw = 114 g / mol) in 300.0 g of benzene. Benzene freezes at 5.50

C and has K
f
=
5.12 C / m. [10 pts]

T
f
= T
solvent
- T
solution
= K
f
m

m = mol octane / kg solution = 8.5 g / (114 g/mol) (0.300 kg) = 0.25 m

5.50 C - T
solution
= (5.12 C / m) (0.25 m) = 1.3 C

T
solution
= 4.2 C

17. Give an example of a technologically significant reaction that requires a catalyst, indicate
both the reaction and catalyst used. [10 pts]

Some possibilities are:
1. The Haber process (Fe+additives): N
2
+ 3 H
2
= 2 NH
3

2. Catalytic converter in car (Pt/Rh): 2 CO + O
2
= 2 CO
2

3. Fuel cell electrodes (Pt): H
2
= 2e
-
+ 2 H
+




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18. The equilibrium constant, K
c
= 5.0 for the reaction:
SO
2
(g) + NO
2
(g) SO
3
(g) + NO(g)
at 1000C. If 1.0 mole of SO
2
and 1.0 moles of NO
2
are placed in a 1.0 L container, what
concentration of SO
3
will be present at equilibrium at 1000 C? [12 pts]

Compound Initial conc change equilibrium conc
SO
2
1.0 - x 1.0 - x
NO
2
1.0 - x 1.0 x
SO
3
0 + x x
NO 0 + x x

K
c
= 5.0 = [SO
3
] [NO] / [SO
2
] [NO
2
] = x
2
/ (1.0 x)
2


Taking square roots of both sides:

2.236 = x / (1.0 - x)

2.236 2.236x = x

x = 2.236 / 3.236 = 0.69

[SO
3
]
equ
= 0.69