Titolo della lezione: Futurity: Present Simple and Continuous; Going to;

Will / Shall

Futurity: Present Simple and

Continuous; Going to;
Will / Shall
 Futurity

‰ In English the future is expressed in 3 ways:

1.Simple Present and present continuous;
2.Using the ‘going to’ form;

3. Using the auxiliary verbs ‘will / shall’ to form

the simple future tense.
‰Each of the above is used in different
occasions.
Futurity: Present Simple and Continuous;
going to;

1 [for people] • I’m visiting the Boston branch next Friday. I’m leaving at 8.00 in
the morning. (E’ stabilito, ho programmato di farlo).

[for timetables,
schedules, •The plane for Boston leaves at 8.00 a.m. from Rome airport.
programmes] The train for the airport leaves at 6.00 a.m. from the hotel.

¾In Italian you would use: the present tense for both cases.

2 • My car is old, I’m going to sell it and buy a more economical

[I’ve decided;
car.
I think and I
intend to do
•Peter hasn’t finished the accounts, he’s going to work overtime
this] to finish it.
• Mary is going to do her food shopping after work.
• The Human Resources Manager is going to hire new staff. The
decision was made in the last Board Meeting.
 Futurity: Will / Shall

3 • John will be fifty-two on his next birthday.

• I shall need some milk for tomorrow morning.
[Inevitable, • We shall all grow old, sooner or later.
automatic • You will understand English much better in a few months’ time.
future] • He will feel cold without a coat in December.
• I won’t be here tomorrow. I’m going to the doctor’s.

With I and we you can use shall in place of will.

Do not use shall with you / they / he / she / it.

Therefore: I shall be 20 on my next birthday

You will be 30 on your next birthday.
He / She will be 40 on his / her next birthday.
We shall be old one day.
You’ll be there by 9:00, there’s plenty of time.
They’ll arrive sooner or later.
Transformations of the Future Verbs - 1

‘going to’ form

I am write to the Human Resources Manager.

You are send the company a reminder letter.
He /She/ It is (not) going to sign the contract in the afternoon.
confirm the appointment for 10:00 a.m. tomorrow.
We / You / They are

Am I write to the Human Resources Manager?

Are you send the company a reminder letter?
Is he / she / it going to sign the contract in the afternoon?
confirm the appointment for 10:00 a.m. tomorrow?
Are we / you / they
Transformations of the Future Verbs - 2

Future simple
Shall / Will

I will / shall (won’t / shan’t) write to the Human Resources Manager.

You will send the company a reminder letter.
He /She/ It will (won’t ) sign the contract in the afternoon.
confirm the appointment for 10:00 a.m. tomorrow.
We / You / They will

Will / Shall I write to the Human Resources Manager?

Will you send the company a reminder letter?
Will he / she / it sign the contract in the afternoon?
confirm the appointment for 10:00 a.m. tomorrow?
Will we / you / they