Kelenjar endokrin

Asam amino dibagi menjadi dua yaitu derivat tirosin dan derivat triptofan(melatonin) . tirosin
dibagi menjadi dua yaitu hormon tiroid dan catecholamines .
Peptida hormon dibagi menjadi glycoprotein (pituitari :TSH,FSH,LH, kidneys :EPO, reproductive
organ : inhibin) dan short polypeptides and small proteins( hypothalamus :
ADH,oxytocin,regularity hormones. Pituitari gland: ACTH,GH,MSH,prolactin. Heart : ANP,BNP.
Digestive tract : . pancreas : insulin, glucagon, . parathyroid gland : parathyroid hormone . c cell of
thyroid : CT . adiposa tissue : leptin,resistin.
Lipid dibagi menjadi eicosanoids .(lipid derivatives of arachidonic acid ) include :
leukotrienes,prostagladin,thromboxanes, prostacylines. Dan steroid hhormone (stucturally
similiar to cholesterol),gonad : androgen(testis),estrogen(volikel),progestins(corpus luteum) ;
adrenal cortex : mireraloccorticoids,glucocorticoids,androgens ; kidneys : calcitriol example
estradiol an estrogen
Endocrine gland hormones Target cells
Anterior pituitari fsh
LH



CSH

prolactin
Females : ovarian
follicle and corpus
luteum

Males: interstial cell
of leydig in testes
Females : mammary
glands
Stimulates ovulation,
corpus luteum
development, and
estrogen and
progesteron
secretion

Promotes breast
development
Pineal gland melatonin Brain, anterior
pituitari,
reproductive organs,
immune system,
possibly others
Entraubs bodys
biological rhythm
with external cues ;
its reduction likely
initiates puberty ; act
as an antioxidanst
;enhance immunity
Thyroid gland
follicular
Tetraiodothyronone (T4
or thyroxine) ;tri
iodothyrinine (T3)
Most cell Increases the
metabolic rete ;
essential for normal
growth and nerve
development)
Thyroid gland c cells calcitonin Bone decreases plasma
Ca2+ concentration
Adrenal cortex
Zona glomerulosa


Zoba fasciculata
and zona reticularis

Aldosterine
(mineralocorticoid)

Cortisol (glucocorticoid)





Androgen
(dehydroepiandrosterone)

Kidney tubules(distal
)


Most cell




Female : bone and
brain

Increases Na+
reabsorpstioan and
K+ secretion
Increases blood
glucose at the
expense of protein
and fat stores ;
contributes to stress
adaption
Responsible dor the
pubertal growth
spurt and sex drive in
females
Adrenal medulla Epinephrine and nore Sympathetic receptor Reinforces the
epinephrine sites thorghout the
body
sympathetic nervous
system ;contibures to
stress adaptation and
blood pressure
regulation
Endocrine pancreas
(islets of langerhans)


Plasma Ca2+ turun akan mengaktifkan parathyroid dan akan menghasilkan PTH kemudian
mengambil kalsium dari tulang.
Jika plasma Ca2+ naik maka akan mengaktifkan thyroid C cells kemudian akan menghasilkan
calcitonin dan menyimpannya di tulang.



Regulation of blood calcium level
The opposing actions of parathyroid hormone
Low blood calsium level akan merangsang parathyroid menghasilkan PTH kemudian menuju
tulang dan membongkar of bone by osteociast
Kadar kalsium tinggi menuju cell c thyroid menghasilkan calcitonin dan build up of bone by
osteoblas

Badan cell
Semua kelenjar endokrin yang mengatur hypotalamus(saraf pusat : nuclei) yang akan menerima
rangsangan dari luar maupun dari dalam dan akan menghasilkan hormone pembebas (neuro
secretory ) dan dikirim ke pituitary anterior langsung ke neuro hipofise (posterior) dan
menghasilkan 6 hormon : TSH, gonadotrophin hormon, ACH, prolactin, GH, melanocit hormone
yang akan merangsang kelenjar2 dibwahnya.
Identifikasi :
Hormon2 yang memiliki reseptor pada payudara : prolactin, estrogen,progesteron, oxitoxyn,