Quantum mechancis

Homework 5
Zhihao Qiao
u5362850
Question 1
we know that
p

=

i
o
ox
the momentum operator
the expected value of momentum
< p

> =
]
o
o

-
|

i
]
o
ox
dx
d<p

>
dt
=
d
dt
]
o
o

-
|

i
]
o
ox
dx
d<p

>
dt
=

i
]
o
o d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] dx
Now we evaulate
d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] first
By product rule
d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] =
o
-
ot
o
ox
+
- o
ox
o
ot

By the TDSE
i
o
ot
=

2
2 m
o
2
ox
2
+V

o
ot
=
i
2 m
o
2

ox
2

i

o
-
ot
=
i
2 m
o
2

-
ox
2
+
i

-
thus
d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] =
o
-
ot
o
ox
+
- o
ox
o
ot
d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] =
i
2 m
o
2

-
ox
2
+
i

o
ox
+
- o
ox

i
2 m
o
2

ox
2

i

Now subsitute this into

d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] to the integral
d<p

>
dt
=

i
]
o
o d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] dx
=

i
]
o
o

i
2 m
o
2

-
ox
2
+
i

o
ox
+
- o
ox

i
2 m
o
2

ox
2

i

dx
=

i
]
o
o

i
2 m
o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox
+
i

-
o
ox
+
- i
2 m
o
ox

o
2

ox
2

i

- o
ox
|V

] dx
=

i
]
o
o

i
2 m

o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox
+
- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx+

i
]
o
o i

-
V

o
ox

i

- o
ox
|V

]] dx
=

2
2 m
]
o
o

o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx+
]
o
o

-
|V

o
ox

o
ox
|V

]] dx
we evaluate the first term firstly

2
2 m
]
o
o

o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx
evaluate
]
o
o o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox
dx by parts
let u =
o
ox
du =
o
2

ox
2
dv =
o
2

-
ox
2
v =
o
-
ox
]
o
o o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox
dx =
o
ox
o
-
ox
j
o
o

]
o
o o
-
ox
o
2

ox
2
dx since the particle cannot be at
infinity - boundary condition thus
o
ox
o
-
ox
j
o
o
= 0

]
o
o o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox
dx =
]
o
o o
-
ox
o
2

ox
2
dx
evaluate

]
o
o

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx by parts
let u =
-
du =
o
-
ox
dv =
o
ox

o
2

ox
2
v =
o
2

ox
2

]
o
o

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx = _
-
o
2

ox
2

o
o

]
o
o o
-
ox
o
2

ox
2
dx since the particle cannot be
at infinity - boundary condition thus _
-
o
2

ox
2

o
o
= 0

]
o
o

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx =
]
o
o o
-
ox
o
2

ox
2
dx

thus
]
o
o o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox
dx =
]
o
o

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx =
]
o
o o
-
ox
o
2

ox
2
dx terms cancel out
so

2
2 m
]
o
o

o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx = 0
then back to the first integral
d<p

>
dt
=

i
]
o
o d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] dx
= 0+
]
o
o

-
|V

o
ox

o
ox
|V

]] dx
since
o
ox
|V

] = V

o
ox
+
oV

ox
thus V

o
ox

o
ox
|V

] =
oV

ox

d<p

>
dt
=
]
o
o

-
|V

o
ox

o
ox
|V

]] dx =
]
o
o

oV

ox
dx = <
oV

ox
>

thus we proved that
d<p

>
dt
= <
oV

ox
>
Question 2
Calculate the momentum operator
we can express any wavefunctions as a sum of the basis states and this
includes the wavefunction p

(z)
p

(z) = _
m
p

mn

mn
(z)
and we can find the coefficent
p

mn
=
]
0
L

m
-
(z) p

n
(z) dz
since the momentum operator
p

=

i
o
oz
thus
p

mn
=
2
L
]
0
L

m
-
(z)

i
o
oz

n
(z) dz
p

mn
=

i
2
L
]
0
L

m
-
(z)
o
oz

n
(z) dz
Which for the infinite square ware we can evaluate
For m=n.
p

mn
=

i
2
L
]
0
L
sin|
mz
L
]
o
oz
sin|
nz
L
] dz = <
m
p

n
>
p

mn
=

i
2
L
]
0
L
sin|
mz
L
]
n
L
cos|
nz
L
] dz
p

mn
=
2 n
L
2

i
]
0
L
sin|
mz
L
] cos|
nz
L
] dz
Thus
p

mn
=
2 n
L
2

i
_
L (mmCos[m] Cos[n ]n Sin[m] Sin[n ])
|m
2
n
2
]

When m
since m and n are natural numbers , so sin(m)=sin(n) = 0
so
p

mn
=
2 n
L
2
i
_
L (mmCos[m] Cos[n ])
|m
2
n
2
]

if m+n is even number then cos(m)cos(n) = 1
if m+n is odd number then cos(m)cos(n) = -1
thus Cos[m ] Cos[n ] = 1
m+n
so
p

mn
=

i
2 n
L
2
_
L |mm(1)
m+n
]
|m
2
n
2
]

p

mn
=

i
2 n
L
2
mL |1(1)
m+n
]
|m
2
n
2
]
p

mn
=

i
2 mn
L
|1(1)
m+n
]
|m
2
n
2
]
for m=n.
Printed by Wolfram Mathematica Student Edition
Quantum mechancis
Homework 5
Zhihao Qiao
u5362850
Question 1
we know that
p

=

i
o
ox
the momentum operator
the expected value of momentum
< p

> =
]
o
o

-
|

i
]
o
ox
dx
d<p

>
dt
=
d
dt
]
o
o

-
|

i
]
o
ox
dx
d<p

>
dt
=

i
]
o
o d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] dx
Now we evaulate
d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] first
By product rule
d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] =
o
-
ot
o
ox
+
- o
ox
o
ot

By the TDSE
i
o
ot
=

2
2 m
o
2
ox
2
+V

o
ot
=
i
2 m
o
2

ox
2

i

o
-
ot
=
i
2 m
o
2

-
ox
2
+
i

-
thus
d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] =
o
-
ot
o
ox
+
- o
ox
o
ot
d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] =
i
2 m
o
2

-
ox
2
+
i

o
ox
+
- o
ox

i
2 m
o
2

ox
2

i

Now subsitute this into

d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] to the integral
d<p

>
dt
=

i
]
o
o d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] dx
=

i
]
o
o

i
2 m
o
2

-
ox
2
+
i

o
ox
+
- o
ox

i
2 m
o
2

ox
2

i

dx
=

i
]
o
o

i
2 m
o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox
+
i

-
o
ox
+
- i
2 m
o
ox

o
2

ox
2

i

- o
ox
|V

] dx
=

i
]
o
o

i
2 m

o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox
+
- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx+

i
]
o
o i

-
V

o
ox

i

- o
ox
|V

]] dx
=

2
2 m
]
o
o

o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx+
]
o
o

-
|V

o
ox

o
ox
|V

]] dx
we evaluate the first term firstly

2
2 m
]
o
o

o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx
evaluate
]
o
o o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox
dx by parts
let u =
o
ox
du =
o
2

ox
2
dv =
o
2

-
ox
2
v =
o
-
ox
]
o
o o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox
dx =
o
ox
o
-
ox
j
o
o

]
o
o o
-
ox
o
2

ox
2
dx since the particle cannot be at
infinity - boundary condition thus
o
ox
o
-
ox
j
o
o
= 0

]
o
o o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox
dx =
]
o
o o
-
ox
o
2

ox
2
dx
evaluate

]
o
o

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx by parts
let u =
-
du =
o
-
ox
dv =
o
ox

o
2

ox
2
v =
o
2

ox
2

]
o
o

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx = _
-
o
2

ox
2

o
o

]
o
o o
-
ox
o
2

ox
2
dx since the particle cannot be
at infinity - boundary condition thus _
-
o
2

ox
2

o
o
= 0

]
o
o

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx =
]
o
o o
-
ox
o
2

ox
2
dx

thus
]
o
o o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox
dx =
]
o
o

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx =
]
o
o o
-
ox
o
2

ox
2
dx terms cancel out
so

2
2 m
]
o
o

o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx = 0
then back to the first integral
d<p

>
dt
=

i
]
o
o d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] dx
= 0+
]
o
o

-
|V

o
ox

o
ox
|V

]] dx
since
o
ox
|V

] = V

o
ox
+
oV

ox
thus V

o
ox

o
ox
|V

] =
oV

ox

d<p

>
dt
=
]
o
o

-
|V

o
ox

o
ox
|V

]] dx =
]
o
o

oV

ox
dx = <
oV

ox
>

thus we proved that
d<p

>
dt
= <
oV

ox
>
Question 2
Calculate the momentum operator
we can express any wavefunctions as a sum of the basis states and this
includes the wavefunction p

(z)
p

(z) = _
m
p

mn

mn
(z)
and we can find the coefficent
p

mn
=
]
0
L

m
-
(z) p

n
(z) dz
since the momentum operator
p

=

i
o
oz
thus
p

mn
=
2
L
]
0
L

m
-
(z)

i
o
oz

n
(z) dz
p

mn
=

i
2
L
]
0
L

m
-
(z)
o
oz

n
(z) dz
Which for the infinite square ware we can evaluate
For m=n.
p

mn
=

i
2
L
]
0
L
sin|
mz
L
]
o
oz
sin|
nz
L
] dz = <
m
p

n
>
p

mn
=

i
2
L
]
0
L
sin|
mz
L
]
n
L
cos|
nz
L
] dz
p

mn
=
2 n
L
2

i
]
0
L
sin|
mz
L
] cos|
nz
L
] dz
Thus
p

mn
=
2 n
L
2

i
_
L (mmCos[m] Cos[n ]n Sin[m] Sin[n ])
|m
2
n
2
]

When m
since m and n are natural numbers , so sin(m)=sin(n) = 0
so
p

mn
=
2 n
L
2
i
_
L (mmCos[m] Cos[n ])
|m
2
n
2
]

if m+n is even number then cos(m)cos(n) = 1
if m+n is odd number then cos(m)cos(n) = -1
thus Cos[m ] Cos[n ] = 1
m+n
so
p

mn
=

i
2 n
L
2
_
L |mm(1)
m+n
]
|m
2
n
2
]

p

mn
=

i
2 n
L
2
mL |1(1)
m+n
]
|m
2
n
2
]
p

mn
=

i
2 mn
L
|1(1)
m+n
]
|m
2
n
2
]
for m=n.
2 physics2013_hw5.nb
Printed by Wolfram Mathematica Student Edition
Quantum mechancis
Homework 5
Zhihao Qiao
u5362850
Question 1
we know that
p

=

i
o
ox
the momentum operator
the expected value of momentum
< p

> =
]
o
o

-
|

i
]
o
ox
dx
d<p

>
dt
=
d
dt
]
o
o

-
|

i
]
o
ox
dx
d<p

>
dt
=

i
]
o
o d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] dx
Now we evaulate
d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] first
By product rule
d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] =
o
-
ot
o
ox
+
- o
ox
o
ot

By the TDSE
i
o
ot
=

2
2 m
o
2
ox
2
+V

o
ot
=
i
2 m
o
2

ox
2

i

o
-
ot
=
i
2 m
o
2

-
ox
2
+
i

-
thus
d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] =
o
-
ot
o
ox
+
- o
ox
o
ot
d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] =
i
2 m
o
2

-
ox
2
+
i

o
ox
+
- o
ox

i
2 m
o
2

ox
2

i

Now subsitute this into

d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] to the integral
d<p

>
dt
=

i
]
o
o d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] dx
=

i
]
o
o

i
2 m
o
2

-
ox
2
+
i

o
ox
+
- o
ox

i
2 m
o
2

ox
2

i

dx
=

i
]
o
o

i
2 m
o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox
+
i

-
o
ox
+
- i
2 m
o
ox

o
2

ox
2

i

- o
ox
|V

] dx
=

i
]
o
o

i
2 m

o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox
+
- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx+

i
]
o
o i

-
V

o
ox

i

- o
ox
|V

]] dx
=

2
2 m
]
o
o

o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx+
]
o
o

-
|V

o
ox

o
ox
|V

]] dx
we evaluate the first term firstly

2
2 m
]
o
o

o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx
evaluate
]
o
o o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox
dx by parts
let u =
o
ox
du =
o
2

ox
2
dv =
o
2

-
ox
2
v =
o
-
ox
]
o
o o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox
dx =
o
ox
o
-
ox
j
o
o

]
o
o o
-
ox
o
2

ox
2
dx since the particle cannot be at
infinity - boundary condition thus
o
ox
o
-
ox
j
o
o
= 0

]
o
o o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox
dx =
]
o
o o
-
ox
o
2

ox
2
dx
evaluate

]
o
o

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx by parts
let u =
-
du =
o
-
ox
dv =
o
ox

o
2

ox
2
v =
o
2

ox
2

]
o
o

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx = _
-
o
2

ox
2

o
o

]
o
o o
-
ox
o
2

ox
2
dx since the particle cannot be
at infinity - boundary condition thus _
-
o
2

ox
2

o
o
= 0

]
o
o

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx =
]
o
o o
-
ox
o
2

ox
2
dx

thus
]
o
o o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox
dx =
]
o
o

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx =
]
o
o o
-
ox
o
2

ox
2
dx terms cancel out
so

2
2 m
]
o
o

o
2

-
ox
2
o
ox

- o
ox

o
2

ox
2
dx = 0
then back to the first integral
d<p

>
dt
=

i
]
o
o d
dt
|
-
|
o
ox
] ] dx
= 0+
]
o
o

-
|V

o
ox

o
ox
|V

]] dx
since
o
ox
|V

] = V

o
ox
+
oV

ox
thus V

o
ox

o
ox
|V

] =
oV

ox

d<p

>
dt
=
]
o
o

-
|V

o
ox

o
ox
|V

]] dx =
]
o
o

oV

ox
dx = <
oV

ox
>

thus we proved that
d<p

>
dt
= <
oV

ox
>
Question 2
Calculate the momentum operator
we can express any wavefunctions as a sum of the basis states and this
includes the wavefunction p

(z)
p

(z) = _
m
p

mn

mn
(z)
and we can find the coefficent
p

mn
=
]
0
L

m
-
(z) p

n
(z) dz
since the momentum operator
p

=

i
o
oz
thus
p

mn
=
2
L
]
0
L

m
-
(z)

i
o
oz

n
(z) dz
p

mn
=

i
2
L
]
0
L

m
-
(z)
o
oz

n
(z) dz
Which for the infinite square ware we can evaluate
For m=n.
p

mn
=

i
2
L
]
0
L
sin|
mz
L
]
o
oz
sin|
nz
L
] dz = <
m
p

n
>
p

mn
=

i
2
L
]
0
L
sin|
mz
L
]
n
L
cos|
nz
L
] dz
p

mn
=
2 n
L
2

i
]
0
L
sin|
mz
L
] cos|
nz
L
] dz
Thus
p

mn
=
2 n
L
2

i
_
L (mmCos[m] Cos[n ]n Sin[m] Sin[n ])
|m
2
n
2
]

When m
since m and n are natural numbers , so sin(m)=sin(n) = 0
so
p

mn
=
2 n
L
2
i
_
L (mmCos[m] Cos[n ])
|m
2
n
2
]

if m+n is even number then cos(m)cos(n) = 1
if m+n is odd number then cos(m)cos(n) = -1
thus Cos[m ] Cos[n ] = 1
m+n
so
p

mn
=

i
2 n
L
2
_
L |mm(1)
m+n
]
|m
2
n
2
]

p

mn
=

i
2 n
L
2
mL |1(1)
m+n
]
|m
2
n
2
]
p

mn
=

i
2 mn
L
|1(1)
m+n
]
|m
2
n
2
]
for m=n.
SetAttributesm, Constant
physics2013_hw5.nb 3
Printed by Wolfram Mathematica Student Edition
SetAttributesn, Constant
SetAttributesL, Constant
IntegrateSinm
z
L
Cosn
z
L
, z, 0, L
L m m Cosm Cosn n Sinm Sinn
m
2
n
2

For m = n
p

mn
=
2 n
L
2
i
]
0
L
sin|
nz
L
] cos|
nz
L
] dz
p

mn
=
L Sinn
2
2 n
since n is a natural number sin(n) always = 0
thus
p

mn
= 0 when m = 0
IntegrateSinn
z
L
Cosn
z
L
, z, 0, L
L Sinn
2
2 n
PART b
The particle in the infinite well which is the superposition with probability
1
3

being in the first state, probability 0 being in the second state and
probability
2
3
being in the third state
we know that the coeffiecnt is
p

mn
=

i
2 mn
L
|1(1)
m+n
]
|m
2
n
2
]

take m be the row and n be the coloum
The 3x3 matrix form of expectation values
p =
0
8
i3L
0
8
i3L
0
24
i5L
0
24
i5L
0
thus the mean value of momentum is
<p> =
1
3
e
iE
1
tf
0 e
iE
2
tf
2
3
e
iE
3
tf
0
8
i3L
0
8
i3L
0
24
i5L
0
24
i5L
0
1
3
e
iE
1
tf
0 e
iE
2
tf
2
3
e
iE
3
tf
=
0
8
i3 3 L
e
iE
1
tf
+
2 24
3 i5L
e
iE
3
tf
0
1
3
e
iE
1
tf
0 e
iE
2
tf
2
3
e
iE
3
tf
= 0
The mean value of momentum is zero and the time depend term is also 0
(c) calculate the expectation value of momentum if the state vector is a equal
superposition of second and third ISW eigenstates
That means the Pr for the first state is 0, for the second state is
1
2
and for the
third state is
1
2
since the 3x3 matrix is the same thus
p =
0 e
iE
1
tf 1
2
e
iE
2
tf
1
2
e
iE
3
tf

0
8
i3L
0
8
i3L
0
24
i5L
0
24
i5L
0
0 e
iE
1
tf
1
2
e
iE
2
tf
1
2
e
iE
3
tf
=
8
i 2 3 L
e
iE
2
tf 24
i5 2 L
e
iE
3
tf
24
i5 2 L
e
iE
2
tf

0 e
iE
1
tf
1
2
e
iE
2
tf
1
2
e
iE
3
tf
=
12
i5L
e
iE
3
tf
e
iE
2
tf

12
i5L
e
iE
2
tf
e
iE
3
tf
let E
3
t f =
3
E
2
t f =
2
=
12
i5L
e
iE
3
tf
e
iE
2
tf

12
i5L
e
iE
2
tf
e
iE
3
tf
=
12
i5L
[(cos
3
+isin
3
) (cos
2
isin
2
) (cos
2
+isin
2
) (cos
3
isin
3
)]
=
12
i5L
[2 isin
2
cos
3
+2 isin
3
cos
2
]
=
12
i5L
[2 isin
2
cos
3
+2 isin
3
cos
2
]
=
24
5 L
[sin
2
cos
3
+sin
3
cos
2
]
=
24
5 L
sin(
3

2
)
Hence we have
<p(t)> =
24
5 L
sin(
3

2
) where E
3
t f =
3
E
2
t f =
2
4 physics2013_hw5.nb
Printed by Wolfram Mathematica Student Edition
PART b
The particle in the infinite well which is the superposition with probability
1
3

being in the first state, probability 0 being in the second state and
probability
2
3
being in the third state
we know that the coeffiecnt is
p

mn
=

i
2 mn
L
|1(1)
m+n
]
|m
2
n
2
]

take m be the row and n be the coloum
The 3x3 matrix form of expectation values
p =
0
8
i3L
0
8
i3L
0
24
i5L
0
24
i5L
0
thus the mean value of momentum is
<p> =
1
3
e
iE
1
tf
0 e
iE
2
tf
2
3
e
iE
3
tf
0
8
i3L
0
8
i3L
0
24
i5L
0
24
i5L
0
1
3
e
iE
1
tf
0 e
iE
2
tf
2
3
e
iE
3
tf
=
0
8
i3 3 L
e
iE
1
tf
+
2 24
3 i5L
e
iE
3
tf
0
1
3
e
iE
1
tf
0 e
iE
2
tf
2
3
e
iE
3
tf
= 0
The mean value of momentum is zero and the time depend term is also 0
(c) calculate the expectation value of momentum if the state vector is a equal
superposition of second and third ISW eigenstates
That means the Pr for the first state is 0, for the second state is
1
2
and for the
third state is
1
2
since the 3x3 matrix is the same thus
p =
0 e
iE
1
tf 1
2
e
iE
2
tf
1
2
e
iE
3
tf

0
8
i3L
0
8
i3L
0
24
i5L
0
24
i5L
0
0 e
iE
1
tf
1
2
e
iE
2
tf
1
2
e
iE
3
tf
=
8
i 2 3 L
e
iE
2
tf 24
i5 2 L
e
iE
3
tf
24
i5 2 L
e
iE
2
tf

0 e
iE
1
tf
1
2
e
iE
2
tf
1
2
e
iE
3
tf
=
12
i5L
e
iE
3
tf
e
iE
2
tf

12
i5L
e
iE
2
tf
e
iE
3
tf
let E
3
t f =
3
E
2
t f =
2
=
12
i5L
e
iE
3
tf
e
iE
2
tf

12
i5L
e
iE
2
tf
e
iE
3
tf
=
12
i5L
[(cos
3
+isin
3
) (cos
2
isin
2
) (cos
2
+isin
2
) (cos
3
isin
3
)]
=
12
i5L
[2 isin
2
cos
3
+2 isin
3
cos
2
]
=
12
i5L
[2 isin
2
cos
3
+2 isin
3
cos
2
]
=
24
5 L
[sin
2
cos
3
+sin
3
cos
2
]
=
24
5 L
sin(
3

2
)
Hence we have
<p(t)> =
24
5 L
sin(
3

2
) where E
3
t f =
3
E
2
t f =
2
physics2013_hw5.nb 5
Printed by Wolfram Mathematica Student Edition
PART b
The particle in the infinite well which is the superposition with probability
1
3

being in the first state, probability 0 being in the second state and
probability
2
3
being in the third state
we know that the coeffiecnt is
p

mn
=

i
2 mn
L
|1(1)
m+n
]
|m
2
n
2
]

take m be the row and n be the coloum
The 3x3 matrix form of expectation values
p =
0
8
i3L
0
8
i3L
0
24
i5L
0
24
i5L
0
thus the mean value of momentum is
<p> =
1
3
e
iE
1
tf
0 e
iE
2
tf
2
3
e
iE
3
tf
0
8
i3L
0
8
i3L
0
24
i5L
0
24
i5L
0
1
3
e
iE
1
tf
0 e
iE
2
tf
2
3
e
iE
3
tf
=
0
8
i3 3 L
e
iE
1
tf
+
2 24
3 i5L
e
iE
3
tf
0
1
3
e
iE
1
tf
0 e
iE
2
tf
2
3
e
iE
3
tf
= 0
The mean value of momentum is zero and the time depend term is also 0
(c) calculate the expectation value of momentum if the state vector is a equal
superposition of second and third ISW eigenstates
That means the Pr for the first state is 0, for the second state is
1
2
and for the
third state is
1
2
since the 3x3 matrix is the same thus
p =
0 e
iE
1
tf 1
2
e
iE
2
tf
1
2
e
iE
3
tf

0
8
i3L
0
8
i3L
0
24
i5L
0
24
i5L
0
0 e
iE
1
tf
1
2
e
iE
2
tf
1
2
e
iE
3
tf
=
8
i 2 3 L
e
iE
2
tf 24
i5 2 L
e
iE
3
tf
24
i5 2 L
e
iE
2
tf

0 e
iE
1
tf
1
2
e
iE
2
tf
1
2
e
iE
3
tf
=
12
i5L
e
iE
3
tf
e
iE
2
tf

12
i5L
e
iE
2
tf
e
iE
3
tf
let E
3
t f =
3
E
2
t f =
2
=
12
i5L
e
iE
3
tf
e
iE
2
tf

12
i5L
e
iE
2
tf
e
iE
3
tf
=
12
i5L
[(cos
3
+isin
3
) (cos
2
isin
2
) (cos
2
+isin
2
) (cos
3
isin
3
)]
=
12
i5L
[2 isin
2
cos
3
+2 isin
3
cos
2
]
=
12
i5L
[2 isin
2
cos
3
+2 isin
3
cos
2
]
=
24
5 L
[sin
2
cos
3
+sin
3
cos
2
]
=
24
5 L
sin(
3

2
)
Hence we have
<p(t)> =
24
5 L
sin(
3

2
) where E
3
t f =
3
E
2
t f =
2
6 physics2013_hw5.nb
Printed by Wolfram Mathematica Student Edition