Complete History of India

by Niraj Mohanka newdharma2100@yahoo.
com 06/03/2014
Sources: .!. Sin"h# !.$.%har"a&a# an"a !rasad# Swami 'ay. Saraswa(i# Swami )i&ekananda# h((*://hindune(.or"# h((*://www.yrec.or"# h((*://(anmoy.(ri*od.com# )edane(.com#
+reeindia.or" #,(ihaas.com# -ada&.com/yada&his(.h(m.# Srimad %ha"a&a(am# )edas
Generation YEAR Druhyus
Pre-historic Period - First Humans in India
1
2 million B.C.E. Earliest hominids in India
50,000
1 million B.C.E. Oldest Human Tools in World Humans in IDIA
100,000 !""#""" B.C.E. $rehistori% &ind
127,000 1""#""" B.C.E. Homo'(a)iens mi*rate into Asia Ti*er Hole tools (tone a*e tools
133,000 1"""" B.C.E.
Ethni% Di+ersity o, India
133,050 -""" B.C.E.
133,100 .""" B.C.E. Naveli Cori &irst Indian City ' $re'(urat Early &armin*
133,150 /""" B.C.E. &irst 0a1or Indian %ity ' 0ehr*arh
133,200 21"" B.C.E. Sarasati Cities
$re'Dynasti% Era
!o"al Chronolo#" and Histor" o$ IN%I&
'(
)*harat !a+an"a Itihaasa,-
Yadus
3Yada+as4
35idar6ha4
Anus 3Ana+as4
7 5asisthas
$urus
3$aura+as4
Trtsus
8Bharatas9
Bhr*us
3Bhar*a+as4
I:sh+a:us
3Ai:s+a:us4
;ahnus
8Bharatas9
First Humanoid
S.ull/
Continuous
Human
Ha6itation
Oldest Human
(:ulls
/a((.e 0&o.u(ion
1*re2domes(ica(ion3
200#000 %/0
(i#rations throu#h
India
4he conce*( o5 race is an o&ersim*.i5ica(ion based on 16(h cen(ury science. 4oday we know (ha( race is much more com*.e7 and sub(.e and mos( o5 wha( we
re5er (o as 8race9 is rea..y on.y *heno(y*es 1obser&ab.e a**earances: in(erac(ion o5 "eno(y*e (o en&ironmen(3 ra(her (han "eno(y*es 1"ene(ic ;b.ue*rin(<3. 66.6
*ercen( o5 (he 'N= o5 e&ery human bein" on (he *.ane( is iden(ica.: >uman &aria(ion in hei"h(# skin co.or# e(c. is ac(ua..y de(ermined by on.y a (iny 5rac(ion o5
(he "enome.
$re'((C
Dharma
&nthro0olo#ical
%iscontinuities
2!#""" year old
)aintin*s
3Bhim6et:a4
Geneti% 0a:eu)
o, Indians
Potential Keralans
from Kyrgyzstan
$re'Hara))an
E+iden%e
by Niraj Mohanka newdharma2100@yahoo.com 06/03/2014
'(
Yadus
3Yada+as4
35idar6ha4
Anus 3Ana+as4
7 5asisthas
$urus
3$aura+as4
Trtsus
8Bharatas9
Bhr*us
3Bhar*a+as4
I:sh+a:us
3Ai:s+a:us4
;ahnus
8Bharatas9
1
1100 *2C232 Sva"am4huva
2
1075 *2C232 5ardama (uni %evahuti Pri"avrata 6ttana0ada Prasuti &.uti
3
1050 *2C232 Havir4hu 7ord 5a0ila 5am"a ="nidhra
8
1025 *2C232 Samrat, 5u.shi Nabhi (eru Camasa !ishi Sa#e 5ara4ha+ana
5
1000 *2C232 An%ient $ottery 9a"anti !isa4ha 5in# Nimi (a*e <a+i
1
5:75 *2C232 Ri%e %ulti+ated %rumila *harata 5in# !ahu#ana
7
5:50 *2C232 Suma(i
;
5:25 *2C232 4aijasa
:
5:00 *2C232 (ohen+o %aro < Harra00a start Indrad"umna
10
5;75 *2C232 !arames(hi
11
5;50 *2C232 !ra(ihara
12
5;25 *2C232 !ra(ihar(ha Ra%ial Com)osition o, India 3=7A4>
&lthou#h e do not have much evidence to 0rove the validit" o$ the Pre-%"nastic linea#e )other than hat is documented in the Puranas,, e also do
N=' have an" sure a" to conclusivel" dis0rove it2 'here$ore I am includin# it $or com0leteness2
Dera
Ar%haeolo*i%al
(ite
$re'((C
Ci+ili?ation
&irst Cou)le
0ytholo*y
Sa"am4huva (anu )the $irst (anu -
>&di (anu>, is &dam2
His i$e, Saurava )Haurava, is 3ve2
)a*ushma(#
'yu(ima(# %ha&ya#
Sa&a.a# ?yo(ishma(
0edha# $utra#
A*ni6ahu
Co))er A*e in
India
Anthro)olo*i%al
otes
'(
Yadus
3Yada+as4
35idar6ha4
Anus 3Ana+as4
7 5asisthas
$urus
3$aura+as4
Trtsus
8Bharatas9
Bhr*us
3Bhar*a+as4
I:sh+a:us
3Ai:s+a:us4
;ahnus
8Bharatas9
13
5;00 *2C232 @nne(a
18
5775 *2C232 %hu&a
15
5750 *2C232 *ihar 0re-histor" @d"i(ha <in* Citra:etu@
11
5725 *2C232 !ras(a&a
17
5700 *2C232 )ibhu
1;
5175 *2C232 SSC < South India Prthu
1:
5150 *2C232 Nak(a
20
5125 *2C232 aya
21
5100 *2C232 Nara
22
5575 *2C232 )ira(a
23
5550 *2C232 Maha&irya
28
5525 *2C232 'himana (r#i
25
5500 *2C232 Mahan(a Sa#e !sh"asrn#a
21
5875 *2C232 Manasyu
27
5850 *2C232 4&as(a
2;
5825 *2C232 4us(u
Risin*
Ar6ani?ation
'(
Yadus
3Yada+as4
35idar6ha4
Anus 3Ana+as4
7 5asisthas
$urus
3$aura+as4
Trtsus
8Bharatas9
Bhr*us
3Bhar*a+as4
I:sh+a:us
3Ai:s+a:us4
;ahnus
8Bharatas9
2:
5800 *2C232 0ehr*arh (ehr#arh %entists )iraja
30
5375 *2C232 Aaja
31
5350 *2C232 Sha(aji(
32
5325 *2C232 )ish&a"ajyo(i
33
5300 *2C232 Suni(i 6ttana0ada Suruchi
38
5275 *2C232 &la.a0uri %hruva 6ttama ?a.sa
35
5250 *2C232 Saint 6t.ala )a(sara
31
5225 *2C232 Shis(i
37
5200 *2C232 !racina"arbha
3;
5175 *2C232 @daradhi
3:
5150 *2C232 'i&yanjaya
80
5125 *2C232 Ai*u @- m2 *rhati
81
5100 *2C232 /hakshu
82
5075 *2C232 Sar&a(eja
83
5050 *2C232 Cha.shusa (anu
0ehr*arh
Timeline
'(
Yadus
3Yada+as4
35idar6ha4
Anus 3Ana+as4
7 5asisthas
$urus
3$aura+as4
Trtsus
8Bharatas9
Bhr*us
3Bhar*a+as4
I:sh+a:us
3Ai:s+a:us4
;ahnus
8Bharatas9
88
5025 *2C232 Sarasati-Sindhu CiviliAation #roin# ra0idl" @ru 1@.muka3 (rt"u
85
5000 *2C232 =n"a Suni(ha Aishi Sana(kumara
81
8:75 *2C232 Bena
87
8:50 *2C232
8;
8:25 *2C232 5in# %uhsima/
8:
8:00 *2C232 *ala.ot >a&irdhana
50
8;75 *2C232
51
8;50 *2C232 !race(a"ana
52
8;25 *2C232 B
53
8;00 *2C232 B
58
8775 *2C232 B
55
8750 *2C232 =ld Indo-3uro0ean mi#ration theor" S&arochi(a ManuB
51
8725 *2C232 B
57
8700 *2C232 B
5;
8175 *2C232 B
Earliest
ha6itation o,
Gan*a 5alley
$re'Indus
Ci+ili?ation
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Bhr*us
3Bhar*a+as4
I:sh+a:us
3Ai:s+a:us4
;ahnus
8Bharatas9
5:
8150 *2C232 3arliest 3cli0se =u(ammiB Suta0a/
10
8125 *2C232 Sarasati-Sumer B
11
8100 *2C232 B Prsni/
12
8575 *2C232 B
13
8550 *2C232 B
18
8525 *2C232 Aai&a(aB
15
8500 *2C232 B
11
8875 *2C232 B
17
8850 *2C232 B Pra+a0ati !uci
1;
8825 *2C232 Silver Cor. B Su"a+ia
1:
8800 *2C232 B
70
8375 *2C232 4amasaB
71
8350 *2C232 B
72
8325 *2C232 B
73
8300 *2C232 (anu Deneolo#" B
78
8275 *2C232 B
Ha.ra Phase o$
SSC
Bedic Period
Commences
R5 starts at
C!"" BCE
'(
Yadus
3Yada+as4
35idar6ha4
Anus 3Ana+as4
7 5asisthas
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Bhr*us
3Bhar*a+as4
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3Ai:s+a:us4
;ahnus
8Bharatas9
75
8250 *2C232 B
71
8225 *2C232 )iji(as&aB Narada (uni
77
8200 *2C232 Hara00a Cit" Prachina4arhi/
7;
8175 *2C232 !raha.ada
7:
8150 *2C232 B
;0
8125 *2C232 =dam %u(hi /i(y B
;1
8100 *2C232 B
;2
8075 *2C232 3arl" Beda B &irst Writin*
;3
8050 *2C232 %hanur Beda %arhisha(B
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Reasona6le
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Geolo*i%al
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Timeline o,
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3Yada+as4
35idar6ha4
Anus 3Ana+as4
7 5asisthas
$urus
3$aura+as4
Trtsus
8Bharatas9
Bhr*us
3Bhar*a+as4
I:sh+a:us
3Ai:s+a:us4
;ahnus
8Bharatas9
;8
8025 *2C232 Dandharva Beda !race(asB Hidden 5edas
;5
8000 *2C232 Bedic Periods Sa#e Shan.ara &nus"a Sa#e 5ash"a0a
;1
3:75 *2C232 Gold Treasure &diti Nida#ha %attatre"a
;7
3:50 *2C232 (eer Deities /i&as&ana 5a"adhu Sa#e Prahlada
!#Bedic Period - 'he 3ra o$ Sa0taSindhu-
0an+antaras Dynasty ' Rei*n o, 0anus
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3:25 *2C232 Birochana
Ori*in o,
(ans:rit>
Chhandas 35edi%
(ans:rit4
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o$ Indians
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7 Dreat Seers
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Christian Date
o, Ani+erseBs
Creation
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Sarasvati =
Heavenly River;
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Pratisthana-
&r"a Homeland
ManuCs boa(
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3Yada+as4
35idar6ha4
Anus 3Ana+as4
7 5asisthas
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3$aura+as4
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8Bharatas9
Bhr*us
3Bhar*a+as4
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3Ai:s+a:us4
;ahnus
8Bharatas9
;:
3:00 *2C232 (anu Baivasant *ali
:0
3;75 *2C232 ,.a ,.ayas*ada Chandra Sharya(i Mana&a D *anasura
:1
3;50 *2C232 Pramshu Sar"ati 5avi, %adhica
:2
3;25 *2C232 !urura&as =i.a @r&ashi Pramshavas Biru0a &n#irasa Euksi
:3
3;00 *2C232 &mavasu Naval CiviliAation Puru %"nast" )ikuksi Dritsamada
:8
3775 *2C232 Nahusa Maharaja Sibi Sanda 'u#ra
(a-nuh is Noah2 He
le$t his home in a
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>#reat $lood>2
!ishi &tri
Baisvasant
5as"a0a
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!ishi *hr#u
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(anu Baivasant
@--------
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abou( Manu
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$urus
3$aura+as4
Trtsus
8Bharatas9
Bhr*us
3Bhar*a+as4
I:sh+a:us
3Ai:s+a:us4
;ahnus
8Bharatas9
:5
3750 *2C232 ?a"ati !rincess Auci &nu %"nast" Marka =nena 1=nenas3 *hu+"u 'au#ra
:1
3725 *2C232 ?adu Puru =*na&ana Sata.ratu
:7
3700 *2C232 Sahasra+it Sabhanara 9aname+a"a I )ish&a"asya
:;
3175 *2C232 Ea.anara Bisvamitra I =rdra
::
3150 *2C232 B Srnjaya !ra&ira !.sha -u&anash&a , &tharvan
100
3125 *2C232 !uranjaya Manasyu Shra&as(a
?a"ati 1F
Sarmis(ha3
5utsa 1Eu(sa/
4ura&ayana %a((.e3
&nu# 'urvasa
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)Prthulashva,
5roshtu
)5hanitra,
Na#ada *urial
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Sindhu H 10I o$
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Pre-*harata
Bedic India
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1!raci(&a(3
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%"nast"
&lternate 7unar
%"nast" )75
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Shrutarvana
&r.sa
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)%adh"anc,
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Yadus
3Yada+as4
35idar6ha4
Anus 3Ana+as4
7 5asisthas
$urus
3$aura+as4
Trtsus
8Bharatas9
Bhr*us
3Bhar*a+as4
I:sh+a:us
3Ai:s+a:us4
;ahnus
8Bharatas9
101
3100 *2C232 )rijni&an( ?anamejaya =bhayada Dotra %e$inition *rhadashva Sa#e 6ttan.a
102
3575 *2C232 Hara00anH!B Sha(aji( Mahamani 5in# Sura#hu 5uvala"ashva Aishi NrimedhaB
103
3550 *2C232 Mahamana !a.hi#arhi 'rdhash&a S(hurayu*aB
108
3525 *2C232 Svahi 4i(iksu
105
3500 *2C232 Haiha"a @sadra(ha 'amil San#am Nikumbha !ishi Bai"asha
101
3875 *2C232 Aushad"u Aaudrash&a Samha(ash&a Aishi B
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Yadus
3Yada+as4
35idar6ha4
Anus 3Ana+as4
7 5asisthas
$urus
3$aura+as4
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8Bharatas9
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107
3850 *2C232 Su(a*a Ershash&a B
10;
3825 *2C232 Citraratha 'harma 5ali4an#an Prasena+it NabhakaB
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3800 *2C232 Aishi @shija -u&anas&a ,, Pratrd/
110
3375 *2C232 !r(hushra&as !ara !ishi *rhas0ati (andhatr
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3$aura+as4
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8Bharatas9
113
3300 *2C232 Suyajna )ida(ha 5rivi 5in#s !uruku(sa
118
3275 *2C232 5unti 'ashara(ha *havasman"u Ein" 'asya&e&rka 'rasadas"u 5usi.a II
115
3250 *2C232 6shanas %rha(ksa(ra Charva.a Sect / Suho(ra
111
3225 *2C232 !r(hu.aksa Suho(ra Salvas/ Sambhu(a 5in# 9ahnu
117
3200 *2C232 Shineya Sahanja Cam0a %rha( 5in# 5asha )ishnu&rddha Sunaha
11;
3175 *2C232 >aryan"a &+amidha =naranya =jaka
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11:
3150 *2C232 Maru((a %hadra(ha 4rasadash&a %a.akas&a
120
3125 *2C232 %rha(karma Mr"aya Har"ashva II 5usa
121
3100 *2C232 Eamba.abarhis %rhadbhanu B >as(a
122
3075 *2C232 *hadrashren"a %rhanmanu B Aohidash&a ,sira(ha
123
3050 *2C232 Aukmaka&aca Durdama @r&a %har"a&a Basumanas
128
3025 *2C232 !ara&r( Kam'ilya 4ri&rshan
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3Yada+as4
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8Bharatas9
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125
3000 *2C232 ?yama"ha Basistha I Badhr"asva !ci.a Rgvedi! Hymn
121
2:75 *2C232 )idarbha 5utsa &n#irasa
127
2:50 *2C232 Pi+avana Harishchandra
12;
2:25 *2C232 Parusni *attle Sa#e Bamadeva
12:
2:00 *2C232 'ala+an#ha ?amuna *attle Sahadeva =mbarisha , >ari(a / $a&ana &sta.a
130
2;75 *2C232 Soma.a
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Somes&ara ,,,#
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5alachuri 5in#s
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Bi+a"0al %ev
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(ohammed o$
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Yadus
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Bhr*us
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2:3
1200 C232 Slave %"nast" -isu"ei )is&aru*a Chola %"nast"
2:8
1225 C232 =ram Shah# ,.(umish Den#his 5han Aajade&a Eesa&asena
2:5
1250 C232 4o.ui Sam"ramade&a *asava
2:1
1275 C232 Chandella 5in#s =mmana &lladin
2:7
1300 C232 5hal+i Sultanate Namadev )isoba Ehechara Aamachandra Sa"ana
2:;
1325 C232 Namde& Aamde& Aai -ada&a 5a.ati"a %"nast"
)u**ade&a#
?assaka#
?a"ade&a
Eumara*a.a#
=jaya*a.a#
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Dauri %"nast",
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1Sin#hana3# ?ai(u"i ,,
Eu.o((un"a
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Aukhuddin +iroP
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Aamade&a#
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Sultanate
=charya
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8Bharatas9
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2::
1350 C232 'e.hi Su.(ana(e %ur#achar"a *ahmani %"nast" Audra 'e&a
300
1375 C232 SharOui 'ynas(y 0mir 4ara"hay Hindu Denocide Mahade&a
301
1800 C232 'imur !amananda ana*a(i
302
1825 C232 5a4ir B ?oan o5 =rc
303
1850 C232 7odi Sultanate @.u"h %e" Duru Nana. Srisar&ajna (adhava
308
1875 C232 =di. Shah =bd a.2$a(i5 Duru &n#ad %ev (ira4ai =niruddha %elhi 5in#s
%eath o$
Na#adeva
Bi+a"ana#ar
%"nast"
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>asan %ahman
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Sa""id
Sultanate
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Conversion
Muhammad
Shah , F ,,
%ukka ,,#
'e&a Aaya ,
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?ahan"ir
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305
1500 C232 Basco da Dama (u#hal 3m0ire Duru &mar %as Au*es&ara
301
1525 C232 *a4ur Duru !am %as 'ulsidas !abmanabha Aama Aaya
307
1550 C232 *ali Huma"un Duru &r+an %ev 3.nath ?a"anna(ha Audra !ra(a*
30;
1575 C232 &.4ar Duru Har#o4ind Eumarade&a )e.a**a Naik Madhukarshah
30:
1100 C232 9ahan#ir Duru Har !ai 9ai Chand )irsin"h 'e&
310
1125 C232 Shah 9ahan Duru Har.rishan Shah+i *hosale ?i&a oswami !andi( %ha((a ?ujhar Sin"h
Soordas
)Surdas,
=chyu(a Aaya#
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oa/ ?esui(
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Bhr*us
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311
1150 C232 %ara Shu.oh &uran#Ae4 Shiva+i Eanakacha.a %ha((a !remchandra
312
1175 C232 *ahadur Shah 4immanachar
313
1700 C232 Saint 'u.arama
(odern Period - *ritish 3ra and Inde0endence
318
1725 C232 >aider =.i
315
1750 C232 *en#al Famine Siraj2ud2'au.ah uman Sin"h
311
1775 C232 $ord %en(nick Sain( 4ya"araja
Duru 'e#h
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/a(ho.ics in Sri
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+uro'ean 'ilgrims
land at Plymout&
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sold in A.(.
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IndiaBs )o)ulation
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Bhr*us
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8Bharatas9
317
1;00 C232
31;
1;25 C232 +irs( S(eam 4rain
31:
1;50 C232 F2 (aO (uller 3.nath !anade
320
1;75 C232
321
1:00 C232 'u(ch sack %a.i Su5ism Sri &uro4indo
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1:25 C232
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Swami
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Bhr*us
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8Bharatas9
323
1:50 C232 &l4ert 3instein
328
1:75 C232 Sri 7an.a Car *en#al Car
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2000 C232 &r"a (ohan.a Shri"a Nevatia
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India>s Share
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?3&!- IN%I&>s P=P67&'I=N-
;000 *2C232 1,000,000
7000 *2C232 1,500,000
1000 *2C232 2,000,000
5000 *2C232 8,000,000
8000 *2C232 5,000,000
3000 *2C232 1,000,000
2000 *2C232 ;,000,000
1000 *2C232 10,000,000
0 C232 20,000,000
500 C232 50,000,000
1000 C232 100,000,000
1500 C232 150,000,000
1700 C232 175,000,000
1:00 C232 800,000,000
2000 C232 1,350,000,000 1rea(er ,ndia3 1#010#000#000 2 ,ndia a.one
2100 C232 2,200,000,000 1rea(er ,ndia3 1#N00#000#000 2 ,ndia a.one
2200 C232 2,100,000,000 1rea(er ,ndia3 1#N00#000#000 2 ,ndia a.one
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=5"hanis(an# !akis(an# ,ndia# Ne*a.#
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P
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'(
Yadus
3Yada+as4
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8Bharatas9
Bhr*us
3Bhar*a+as4
I:sh+a:us
3Ai:s+a:us4
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8Bharatas9
Bersions o$ m" timeline 0osted on the e4-
Copyright 1998-2008 Niraj Mohanka, All rights reserved.
SiAe o$ this 'imeline- 3: Columns ide 4" 350 !os dee0 H 13,150 cells total2
h((*://www.newdharma.or"/roya.Uchron.h(m
www.sa&ari.com/ne(works/reader/hi"h.i"h(s/ mohanka/Aoya.U/hrono.o"yUo5U,ndia.*d5
www.nor(hsou(h.or"/chron.7.s
he !oyal Chronology o" #ndia
M
'(
Yadus
3Yada+as4
35idar6ha4
Anus 3Ana+as4
7 5asisthas
$urus
3$aura+as4
Trtsus
8Bharatas9
Bhr*us
3Bhar*a+as4
I:sh+a:us
3Ai:s+a:us4
;ahnus
8Bharatas9
Continued Me/ar ,ynasty
JJJJJJJ
JJJ JJJ
YEAR>
(ee %olumns (ee %olumns 2 million B.C.E.
K throu*h AA K throu*h AA 1 million B.C.E. Oldest Wol+es Humans in IDIA
to the ri*ht JJJ to the ri*ht JJJ !""#""" B.C.E.
1""#""" B.C.E.
(tart o, ,armin* 1"""" B.C.E.
JJJ JJJ -""" B.C.E.
.""" B.C.E. Early &armin*
/""" B.C.E.
21"" B.C.E.
$re'Dynasti% Era
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Kasi# 0anaka#
1anka"
Kas&i and
Kausam2i
,ynasties
Prams&ava#
Pan!ala and
%udd&ist
,ynasties
Kasi# Agna and
$e'ali ,ynasties
3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
Assam
,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
,ynasties
Ti*er Ca+e (tone
A*e tools
/a((.e 0&o.u(ion
1*re2domes(ica(ion3
200#000 %/0
(i#rations throu#h
India
orth Ameri%a
settled 6y /"
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4he conce*( o5 race is an o&ersim*.i5ica(ion based on 16(h cen(ury science. 4oday we know (ha( race is much more com*.e7 and sub(.e and mos( o5 wha(
we re5er (o as 8race9 is rea..y on.y *heno(y*es 1obser&ab.e a**earances: in(erac(ion o5 "eno(y*e (o en&ironmen(3 ra(her (han "eno(y*es 1"ene(ic ;b.ue*rin(<3.
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5rac(ion o5 (he "enome.
WorldBs ,irst
,armers
$rehistori%
E+iden%e
1"#""" year
Ci+ili?ation
A$ $ottery
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WorldBs ,irst
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Initial Ri%e
&armin* in
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Re*ion4
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Ci+ili?ation in
the Gan*a
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Daro City
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Initial Ri%e
&armin* in
India 3Gan*a
Re*ion4
0EHRGARH
DETAK
TECHOKOGY
Potential Keralans
from Kyrgyzstan
See co.umns $
(hrou"h =@ (o (he
ri"h( VVV
See co.umns $
(hrou"h =@ (o (he
ri"h( VVV
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Kasi# 0anaka#
1anka"
Kas&i and
Kausam2i
,ynasties
Prams&ava#
Pan!ala and
%udd&ist
,ynasties
Kasi# Agna and
$e'ali ,ynasties
3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
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,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
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Early &armin* 1100 *2C232 Sva"am4huva
1075 *2C232 Pri"avrata
1050 *2C232 ="nidhra
1025 *2C232 Nabhi
1000 *2C232 !isa4ha
5:75 *2C232 *harata
5:50 *2C232 Suma(i
5:25 *2C232 4aijasa
5:00 *2C232 Indrad"umna
5;50 *2C232 !ra(ihara
5;25 *2C232 !ra(ihar(ha
&lthou#h e do not have much evidence to 0rove the validit" o$ the Pre-%"nastic linea#e )other than hat is documented in the Puranas,, e
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Ci+ili?ation
Winter (olsti%e
mentioned in
5edas
Chinese
Writin*
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
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1anka"
Kas&i and
Kausam2i
,ynasties
Prams&ava#
Pan!ala and
%udd&ist
,ynasties
Kasi# Agna and
$e'ali ,ynasties
3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
Assam
,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
,ynasties
5;00 *2C232 @nne(a
5775 *2C232 %hu&a
5750 *2C232 @d"i(ha
5725 *2C232 !ras(a&a
5700 *2C232 )ibhu
5175 *2C232 Prthu
5150 *2C232 Nak(a
5125 *2C232 aya
5100 *2C232 Nara
5575 *2C232 )ira(a
5525 *2C232 'himana
5500 *2C232 Mahan(a
5875 *2C232 Manasyu
5850 *2C232 4&as(a
5825 *2C232 4us(u
M+HR-ARH
,+$3A1
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Kasi# 0anaka#
1anka"
Kas&i and
Kausam2i
,ynasties
Prams&ava#
Pan!ala and
%udd&ist
,ynasties
Kasi# Agna and
$e'ali ,ynasties
3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
Assam
,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
,ynasties
5800 *2C232 )iraja
5375 *2C232 Aaja
5350 *2C232 Sha(aji(
5275 *2C232 &la.a0uri %hruva 6ttama
5225 *2C232 Shis(i
5125 *2C232 Ai*u
5100 *2C232 /hakshu
ri"h( VVV ri"h( VVV 5075 *2C232 ri"h( VVV Sar&a(eja
See co.umns $
(hrou"h =@ (o (he
See co.umns $
(hrou"h =@ (o (he
See co.umns $
(hrou"h == (o (he
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Kasi# 0anaka#
1anka"
Kas&i and
Kausam2i
,ynasties
Prams&ava#
Pan!ala and
%udd&ist
,ynasties
Kasi# Agna and
$e'ali ,ynasties
3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
Assam
,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
,ynasties
5025 *2C232 @ru 1@.muka3 (rt"u
5000 *2C232 =n"a Suni(ha
8:75 *2C232 Bena
8:50 *2C232
8:25 *2C232
8:00 *2C232 >a&irdhana
8;75 *2C232
8;50 *2C232 !race(a"ana
8;25 *2C232 B
8;00 *2C232 B
8775 *2C232 B
8750 *2C232 S&arochi(a ManuB
8725 *2C232 B
8700 *2C232 B
8175 *2C232 B
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Ci+ili?ation
Prithu Bain"a
)Prthavana,
=n(ardhana
1)i(ijas&a3
!racina&arhi
1%arhisa(3
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Kasi# 0anaka#
1anka"
Kas&i and
Kausam2i
,ynasties
Prams&ava#
Pan!ala and
%udd&ist
,ynasties
Kasi# Agna and
$e'ali ,ynasties
3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
Assam
,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
,ynasties
8150 *2C232 =u(ammiB
8125 *2C232 B
8100 *2C232 B
8575 *2C232 B
8550 *2C232 B
8525 *2C232 Aai&a(aB
8500 *2C232 B
8875 *2C232 B
8850 *2C232 B
8825 *2C232 B
8800 *2C232 B
8375 *2C232 4amasaB
8350 *2C232 B
8325 *2C232 B
8300 *2C232 B
8275 *2C232 B
R5 starts at
C!"" BCE
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Kasi# 0anaka#
1anka"
Kas&i and
Kausam2i
,ynasties
Prams&ava#
Pan!ala and
%udd&ist
,ynasties
Kasi# Agna and
$e'ali ,ynasties
3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
Assam
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%hanuman( 2100 *2C232 !am 5um4a.arna ishada Ra1 Eushad&aja (allinath
!radyumna $a&ana 2075 *2C232 5ush, 7av /a(uran"a 'harmadh&aja (unisuvartha Mrlika 9asist&a
Muni 2050 *2C232 =(i(hi B Eri(adh&aja
@rja&aha %holavira in !B 2025 *2C232 Nisadh Sadhina !r(hu.aksa Eeshidh&aja Prat&a
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Shakuni 1Euni3 1:75 *2C232 Nabh Pancala )Ni0as, /am*a Sha(adyumna Ri+er Hymns
Me"hanada
1Madhu3
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(hrou"h =@ (o (he
ri"h( VVV
7ater Bedic Period - 'he 3ra o$ Settlement- )E%va0ara ?u#aE,
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Wea)ons
Sa(&aradh&aja
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Transmission
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1:50 *2C232 !undreek )is&aji( Shuci
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&ristanemi Pusan %eit" 1:00 *2C232 'e&aneek Auciras&a The 5edi% Rule
Shru(ayus %aima4ad Cit" 1;75 *2C232 =neeh !r(husena %hadrara(ha Euni
Chess invented 1;50 *2C232 !ariya(ra
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*haradva+a 1775 *2C232 %rha(karman Shru(ayu
=nenas -a&akri(a 1750 *2C232 )ajranabh !ara Suryash&a
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1150 *2C232 >iranyanabh %rhadbhanu Minara(ha
S&a"a(a 1125 *2C232 !ushya )ibhraja Sa(yara(ha
Su&arcas 1100 *2C232 %hruvsandhi &nuha *rhanmanas Sa(yara(hi %haum"a
1575 *2C232 Sudarshan Brahmadatta @*a"uru
9a"a 1550 *2C232 9a"adratha Sesa
)ijaya 1525 *2C232 (aru @daksena 'rdhara(ha )as&anan(a Naminath
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Ris&i and
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A(a Sa#e 7omasa 1500 *2C232 !rasushru( *hallata -uyudha
Sunaya 1875 *2C232 Susandhi 9aname+a"a =n"a Shru(a Radha
Bitahav"a Easi2Aaja 1850 *2C232 =marshan 6#ra"uda Shash&a(a
%hrti Hueen =mba 1825 *2C232 Sudhan&a
Birata 1800 *2C232 !umsa Subhasa Sa#e Sumantu
1375 *2C232 *rahad4al 5arna Ru:mini %ur"odhana
Bisva+it
1?anamejaya3
(aha4harat
Car %ate
S0eci$ic %ate o$
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S0eci$ic %ate o$
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Mahswan#
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31" Generations
,rom $umsa to
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Date o, 0BH
3$ro,. 0allya4
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)< 5rsna>s sons>
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Bahulasva
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5rti
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Kasi# 0anaka#
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Kas&i and
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Kasi# Agna and
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3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
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,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
,ynasties
Mucukunda ,,, 1350 *2C232 %rahdran 5 %rau0adi ?aya Charumati (am6ara
Pari.shit 1325 *2C232 =rukhya Aruna Au)a+si )ijaya &car"a Pisuna
9aname+a"a 1300 *2C232 A(a
Sha(anika 1275 *2C232 )a(sa&yuh andra'ida
5in# 9a"adissa =s&amedhada((a 1250 *2C232 Svetakarna )i(aha&ya
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War
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See co.umns $
(hrou"h =@ (o (he
ri"h( VVV
*rahmanic Period - *rahmanas and 60anishads- )E5ali ?u#aE,
5in#
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Ris&i and
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Nica.su 1200 *2C232 Sahde& Esemash&a
%hur( 1@sna3 1175 *2C232 )rah2'ash&a 'hr(i $an%ha:anyas
/i(rara(ha 1150 *2C232 %hanuman %ustaritu %ahu.ash&a
Sucidra(ha 1125 *2C232 !ra(ikansh&a Er(i
)rsnima( 1100 *2C232 Su2!ra(eek Ataran1i:hera Maha&ashi &car"a Car"ana
Aishi @da.aka Susena 1075 *2C232 Maru2'e& B
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<otDar
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Con,usion
(ryn1aya Dynasty
31" Generations
,rom $umsa to
Dushtaritu4
Wron*
Chronolo*y
5anin.a
*haradva+a
Sa*ra(ha
%harad&aja
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Burial
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Nachike(a Suni(ha 1050 *2C232 Su2Naksh(ra
Auca 1025 *2C232 !ushkar
Nrcaksus 1000 *2C232 =n(riksh
Dar#a Sukh(ba.a :75 *2C232 Sukhed
N Eausika sons !ari*.a&a :50 *2C232 =bhi(raji(
Sunaya :25 *2C232
Baisheshi.a
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Geneti%
FIndiannessG
*ho+a shi0
4uildin#
Chronolo#" $rom
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Sources
Human
settlements
near alanda
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$ar*iterBs
Di+isions o,
Indian History
Post-(*H
9ana0adas
Ein"
Mahasamma(a
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<in*s
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Kasi# 0anaka#
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Kas&i and
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Prams&ava#
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Kasi# Agna and
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3urvas&a#
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,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
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Ris&i and
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:00 *2C232 %rah2dhwaj Makhade&a
(edhavin ;75 *2C232 Ea.arajanaka %hu&an Sin"h Parshvanath
!ise o$ Duilds ;50 *2C232 %arhee
&n#a %"nast" Nr*anjaya ;25 *2C232 =..amu.ha -a.amber
;00 *2C232 Era(yanjay &car"a 5in+al.a
Hueen a""ara 'ur&a 775 *2C232 /andamukha !a&i
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%rahami3
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,ynasties
Kasi# Agna and
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3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
Assam
,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
,ynasties
/ham*a /i(y 750 *2C232 Si&isanjaya
4i"ma(man 725 *2C232 Bessantara Skandhar
700 *2C232 Aananjay ?a.i
%rhadra(ha 175 *2C232 Siha&ahana %a.amba ijjhakY(a
Ein" o5 Ea.in"a 150 *2C232 Sanjay Sihassara Isi)atana City
)asudana 125 *2C232 >ri(i <ushinara City R:sa 5almi:i
0athemati%s
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rammar
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3#"0t
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Sri 7an.a
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&car"a
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5almi:a
Bhar*a+a
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3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
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Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
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,ynasties
Su**ade&i 100 *2C232 Shakay 5a0ilvastu Cit" !ishi &sita
Sinhabahu Satani.a II 575 *2C232 Shudhyod >uma(i Su00a4uddha (ahavira 5asi !a+as
5in# Bi+a"a 6da"ana 550 *2C232 *uddha 9itedasti %evadatta San.ha
)ahinara 525 *2C232 $an"a. !ahula a.inja Su0ush0a Sushima
'anda*ani 500 *2C232 !rasenjee( ,, *hadra.a =ssa.ayana 9am4u Sami <atyayana
@nmada /hi(ra Nirami(ra 875 *2C232 Ehsurduck (ahanama !ushka Ne0alese 3ras-
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Coins
5in#
Sinhahanu
5in#
Siddhartha
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(hrou"h =@ (o (he
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(hrou"h =@ (o (he
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Kasi# Agna and
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3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
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,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
,ynasties
5sema.a 850 *2C232 Mu.ak Aanak 5in# 5alasho.a
!andukabbhaya 825 *2C232 Sura(h Suyarma
(uni.a 800 *2C232 Sumitra
Mu(aseewa Prad"ota 375 *2C232 )ajranabh !a*a
!a.aka 350 *2C232 %rajnabh
&r"a.a 325 *2C232 Ein" %a..a 1)a..a3 9in#hri 5in# Parvata.a S(hu.abhadra
Corru0tion o$
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literature L 1""H
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Ris&i and
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,ynasties
Bisha.ha"u0a 300 *2C232 %unka
&vantivardhana 275 *2C232 Swananda
250 *2C232 ?ee(sha(ru2sen Sthun.o ,ndrada((a
Chan#.ien 225 *2C232 =shoka Nane 'a((a
0.ara 200 *2C232 Maha2sen $uka Sisu0al#arh Sinha"iri
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%utu#amunu 150 *2C232 4hoko =jan(a /a&es )ajrasena
Sesha Na#a 125 *2C232 /handra2sen ?a.auka !ushya"iri
Cattha#amini %ho"in 100 *2C232 Berma !ha."umi(ra Ein" =n(ia.kidas
Mahchu.i Aamachandra 75 *2C232 Sudham2sen !ra(a*adi(ya !ar&asan"rahakara 'hana"iri
4issa 'harma2)arman 50 *2C232 uja Hala Si&abhu(i Sa4ara
=nu.a 'e&i )an"ara 25 *2C232 Suhi.2sen Ma(r"u*(a !ushkar %hadr
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Prams&ava#
Pan!ala and
%udd&ist
,ynasties
Kasi# Agna and
$e'ali ,ynasties
3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
Assam
,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
,ynasties
0 'amodara ,, Eeshu Naksha(ra
Eu(akanna 4issa -asah Nandi 25 C232 )ikram2sen Suja Aaksa
Subha !urushada((a 50 C232 Mahara(hi 5ushanas Sansa ?ayade&a ,, Na"a
)asabha @((amada((a 75 C232 >uska ?ehi.a
Eamada(a 100 C232 =ncha.sen ?uska Dunam )ishnu
%ha&ada(a 125 C232 5ana.sen Eanishka Cara.a 5al.a =s&a"osha
%hu(anandi#
Sishu Nandi
0aryBs
Hus6ands
*uddhist
Niddesa
mention o$
(*H
Saint 'homas
(?'H
!oman o0inion
o$ Christianit"
Dei,i%ation o,
Buddha 6e*ins
Inscri0tion o$
9a"a %ev II
India in
Indonesia
%isci0les o$
*uddha
?6D&
C=NF6SI=N
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Kasi# 0anaka#
1anka"
Kas&i and
Kausam2i
,ynasties
Prams&ava#
Pan!ala and
%udd&ist
,ynasties
Kasi# Agna and
$e'ali ,ynasties
3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
Assam
,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
,ynasties
ajabahu Si&a Nandi 150 C232 B Ehimbu Na"arjuna
175 C232 =bhimanyu Patu.a )riddha
5 Indies 200 C232 Mahabhayasen onanda ,,, Dasti San"ha*a.i(a ?aya*rabha
o(habaya 225 C232 Sinhrai# Sidhra(h )ibhisana , >as(in /andra*rabha
?e((a 4issa Bindh"asa.ti I 250 C232 Sujadi(ya ,ndraji( 'harma =ryade&a
(ahasen 275 C232 Sumukhadi(ya Aa&ana Sinha Aahu.abhadra
Saubhi.#
Mahasen ,,#
)ijaisen
!a*er in&en(ed
in /hina.
Sam!a.i(a and
%hadra
Aoman 0m*ire
a( *eak.
=jaisen#
=bhan"sen
History o,
Darshanas
Siri
San"ha%odhi
'ecima. *.ace
sys(em
Ba.ata.a
%"nast"
Soma %"nast"
o$ Ne0al
Histori%al
Christianity
See co.umns $
(hrou"h =@ (o (he
ri"h( VVV
See co.umns $
(hrou"h =@ (o (he
ri"h( VVV
Nimisha#
Mi(akshya#
Eaka&erma
/hris(ian
borrowin" 5rom
%uddhism
!ashu*rekshya
'e&
Du0ta
&rchaeolo#"
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Kasi# 0anaka#
1anka"
Kas&i and
Kausam2i
,ynasties
Prams&ava#
Pan!ala and
%udd&ist
,ynasties
Kasi# Agna and
$e'ali ,ynasties
3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
Assam
,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
,ynasties
Siri Me"a)anna 300 C232 'har*a(2sen )ibhisana ,, %hasker&erma 'harma Mai(reyana(ha
Mahanama 325 C232 Sudan(sen Nara , 1Eimnara3 Shandi.ya
Sarvasena 350 C232 )ijaibhoo* Siddha Push"avarman ?ambu
!andu 375 C232 Somdu(( @(*a.aksa Brsadeva Samudra&arman Nandi(a !aramar(ha
!arinda 800 C232 )ijaisen >iranyaksa o*a.aB %a.a&arman , San"harakshi(a
Euddha !arinda 825 C232 'harsen Me"ha&ahana 'harma 'e&a Ea.yana&arman Eumaraji&a
!ra&arasena ,
1!ra&ira3
Barman
%"nast" o$
&ssam
Do0ala !a+a
%"nast" )Ne0al,
5&(&!6P&
%"nast"
=san"a#
)asubandhu
So((hi Sena#
Mi((asena
!a(an Aoya.
'ynas(y
unama(i and
o(hers
'ri4al =ri#ins
o$ Danesh %eit"
7iterar"
!e$erences to
!ama
EshamashAam
'eshi"anin
EsamashAamna
S(hira2"u*(a
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Kasi# 0anaka#
1anka"
Kas&i and
Kausam2i
,ynasties
Prams&ava#
Pan!ala and
%udd&ist
,ynasties
Kasi# Agna and
$e'ali ,ynasties
3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
Assam
,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
,ynasties
'ha(usena Prthvisena II 850 C232 'ronsen Shres(hasena (anadeva 'harma Eumara.abdha
Eassa*a 875 C232 'hra&sen Mahi 'e&a Narayara&arman Sri.abha
&r"a4hatta I 500 C232 'har*a( Huns )Huna,
Mo""a..ana 525 C232 rahsen %asan(a 'e&a *hutivarman
550 C232 Duhadit"a Mana 'e&a ,, Chandr.irtti
Sena %rahma"u*(a 575 C232 %hoj Shiva %eva I Duna0ra4ha
ani*a(i&arman#
Mahendra&arman
Indian
&stronomers
!ra&arasena
14unjina ,,,3
EshamashAamn
a 'e&arddhi
@jjain and
Ma(hura 4radin"
?ain
,n(erna(iona.
4rade
$as( )aka(aka
Ein"
>iranyaku.a
1>iranya#
4oramana3
5alacuris
)5arttavir"a
&r+una,
)asuku.a
1Ma(r"u*(a3
/handramukha2
&arman
Mihiraku.a
1!ra&arasena3
S(hi(i&arman#
Sus(hi(a&arman
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Kasi# 0anaka#
1anka"
Kas&i and
Kausam2i
,ynasties
Prams&ava#
Pan!ala and
%udd&ist
,ynasties
Kasi# Agna and
$e'ali ,ynasties
3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
Assam
,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
,ynasties
100 C232 Mahendra , %aka Padma Purana Shan(araksi(a
Sena ,, 125 C232 Na#adit"a Esi(inanda *has.aravarman %harma0ala
?ayasimha , 150 C232 Shi.adi(ya )asunanda Narendra 'e&a ?ayade&a
B ,ndrabha((araka 175 C232 =*rajee( Nara ,, Shi&ade&a ,, San(ide&a
=""abodhi ), 700 C232 Mahendra ,, =ksa ?aya 'e&a ,, 'harmakir((i
725 C232 5al4ho+ *a00a o*adi(ya Harshadeva Ba.0ati
QuanOan#
)Huen 'san#,
3astern
Chalu."a
%"nast"
&mshuverma#
@say 'e& ,
Su*ra(is(hi(i 2
&arman
Eubja&isnu 2
&ardhana
'hurba 'e&#
?isnu u*(a#
%ishnu u*(a
=&an(i&arman#
Sa.as(ambha
)i"rahas(ambha#
!a.aka
)isnu&ardhana
,,#
Man"iyu&araja#
?ayasimha ,,
Eumara#
)ajrade&a
Eokki.i#
)isnu&ardhana
,,,
*havahuti
)*hava4utti,
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Kasi# 0anaka#
1anka"
Kas&i and
Kausam2i
,ynasties
Prams&ava#
Pan!ala and
%udd&ist
,ynasties
Kasi# Agna and
$e'ali ,ynasties
3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
Assam
,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
,ynasties
)ijayadi(ya , 750 C232 5human %a.a&arman ,,
Mahinda ,, 775 C232 Ma((u( B Bi.ramsila B
;00 C232 %her(*a((# Sinh B )a"bha(a
Mahinda ,,, ;25 C232 5human II
Sena , =&an(i&arman ;50 C232 Mahayuk Narendradi(ya ?ayama.a
@daya , ;75 C232 -uddhis(hira *alavarman III ?nana"hana
okarna
1-uddhis(hira ,,3
&ramudi
)*aradeva,
)isnu&ardhana
,)
Harivamsa
Purana
$re'(han:aran
Commentators
Kist o, Eastern
Chalu:ya <in*s
,rom ."" to 1"21
C.E.
Sa.ambha#
=ra(hi
Srin#eri Duru
Param0ara
5anchi Duru
Param0ara
6t0alas o$
5ashmir
Ehinkhi.a
1$amkhana3
!si
Padma0adacar"a
>a(jara&arman#
)anama.a 2
&armade&a
&di
Shan.arachar"a
Sri San.ara
*ha#avat0ada
Scien(is( Maha&ira#
Ehajurao 4em*.es
Suresh&ara#
Ni(yabodha"hana
Sri
Sures&aracharya#
Sri Sar&ajna(man
Sankara&arman#
o*.a&arman
Remainder o,
0eDar <in*s
Kist
?ain Scu.*(ures
5ound
Sri
Sa(hyabodhendra
Saraswa(i# Sri
?nanandendra
Saraswa(i
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Kasi# 0anaka#
1anka"
Kas&i and
Kausam2i
,ynasties
Prams&ava#
Pan!ala and
%udd&ist
,ynasties
Kasi# Agna and
$e'ali ,ynasties
3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
Assam
,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
,ynasties
:00 C232 Aanadi(ya Cha.ra0ani B
:25 C232 Mina /hie5s )ikramadi(ya ?nano((ama
Mahinda ,) :50 C232 Sodh 'e& %a.adi(ya Prithu !a+a )/,
Sena ) :75 C232 Earko(a 4ya"asimha ?nana iri
1000 C232 'u.eha Aai Sura*a.a %rahma*a.a
1025 C232 Eanki. 'e& Sri0ati Bi+a"adeva
@daya ,,#
Eassa*a ,)#
Eassa*a )
Samka(a#
Su"andha#
!ar(ha
5achaha
9ai0ur < &m4er
%"nast"
Sri
Suddhanandendra
Saraswa(i# Sri
=ananda"hanendra
Saraswa(i
'a**u.a )#
Me&an 'a*u.a
Nirji(a&arman#
/akra&arman
!urohi(a as
Ein"9s G55icer
Si7 kin"s#
names
unknownQ
Sri
Eai&a.yanandayo"en
dra Saraswa(i# Sri
Er*a Sankarendra
Saraswa(i
@nma((a&an(i#
Sura&arman ,,
-asho&arman
1/hande..a Ein"3
Sri Sureswara# Sri
Si&ananda
/hid"hanendra
Saraswa(i
7oharas o$
5ashmir
?asastila.a o$
Somadeva
Sri
/handrasekharendr
a Saraswa(i# Sri
Sa(chid"hanendra
Saraswa(i
San"ramaraja#
>ariraja
/am*a and
Sou(heas( =sia
Sri )idya"hanendra
Saraswa(i# Sri
an"adharendra
Saraswa(i
&nanta# Ea.asa
Aa(i&a*a.a#
,ndra*a.a
&l4eruni and
the Kuestion o$
4ee$
Sri @jj&a.a
Sankarendra
Saraswa(i# Sri
Sadasi&endra
Saraswa(i
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Kasi# 0anaka#
1anka"
Kas&i and
Kausam2i
,ynasties
Prams&ava#
Pan!ala and
%udd&ist
,ynasties
Kasi# Agna and
$e'ali ,ynasties
3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
Assam
,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
,ynasties
)ijayabahu 1050 C232 Somade&a o*a.a &l-Idrisi
Sa.hana 1075 C232 !ajwan 'e& 'amahaar Simha iri
Sussa.a 1100 C232 Uivadeva
B 1125 C232 Me.aisi 'e& o&indachandra ,sh&ara 4ir(ha
)an(ide&a 1150 C232 %eeja. 'e&
Nissanka Ma..a &n.#or Cat 1175 C232 Aaj 'e& )a..abhade&a
@(karsa# >arsa#
@cca.a
>anu 'e&#
?anad 'e&
(aldives
%"nast"
Sri -o"a5i.aka
Surendra Saraswa(i#
Sri Mar(anda
)idya"hanendra
Saraswa(i
Yo*a
Chronolo*y
>arsha*a.a#
%harma0ala
Sri Muka
Sankarendra
Saraswa(i# Sri
/handrasekharendr
a Saraswa(i ,,
Siddaraha
9a"asinha
1Ein" o5 !a(an3
Eoima.a
1Maanaabarana3
auda#
4imeyade&a
Siddaraha
9a"asinha
1Ein" o5 !a(an3
Sri %odhendra
Saraswa(i# Sri
Sa(chisukhendra
Saraswa(i
?ayasimha#
!riyamanuka
'ho&emi
1%a&anaadhee((ha3
?aya*a.a#
)aidyade&a
Sri /hi(sukhendra
Saraswa(i# Sri
Sa(chidananda"han
endra Saraswa(i
3m0eror
Para.rama4ahu
Mu(hey
1%a&ana
=baarana3
Hemacandra
1,n&en(or o5
+ibonacci
SeOuence3
Aayaride&a#
@dayakarna
>oysa.eswara
(em*.e
Sri !rajna"hanendra
Saraswa(i# Sri
/hid&i.asendra
Saraswa(i
See /o.umns E
(hrou"h =@ (o (he
ri"h( VVV
See /o.umns E
(hrou"h =@ (o (he
ri"h( VVV
=.i 1'hammaru
Naaja3# 'hinei
1+ennaadhee((ha3
Sri Mahade&edra
Saraswa(i ,# Sri
!urnabhodhendra
Saraswa(i
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Kasi# 0anaka#
1anka"
Kas&i and
Kausam2i
,ynasties
Prams&ava#
Pan!ala and
%udd&ist
,ynasties
Kasi# Agna and
$e'ali ,ynasties
3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
Assam
,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
,ynasties
)irabahu Ma"na /ar(a 1200 C232 Aajade&a
Ea.in"a Ma"ha 1225 C232 &H=( %"nast"
1250 C232 Ehe.an 'e& *o0adeva
Narasimha ,, 1275 C232 Sukhan"*ha
)ijayabahu ,) %hanude&a ,, 1300 C232 Eun(a. 'e&
Narasimha ,,, 1325 C232 Sukhran"*ha
4ru*ura o.d
S(a(ues
'hihei 1'ha"a(haa
=baarana3# Ladi
1'ha"a(haa Su&ara3
)ish&asundara 2
de&a
Narasimha
4ir(ha
Sri %hodhendra
Saraswa(i ,,# Sri
%rahmananda"hane
ndra Saraswa(i
3astern Dan#a
5in#s
)a..a 'io 1Aaa2=raa
'es&ara3# >udhei
1Aaadha Su&ara3
Bi.ramshila
(ahavihara
destro"ed
Sri
/hidananda"hanend
ra Saraswa(i# Sri
Sa(chidananda
Saraswa(i
!arakramabahu
,,
Narasimha ,#
%hanude&a ,
=ima 1$oka Su&ara3#
>a.i 1Sin"aa
=baarana3# Eeimi
1Madheenee
Su&ara3
Suka*ha#
Su(eu*ha#
Subin*ha
Sri
/handrasekharendr
a Saraswa(i ,,,# Sri
/hi(sukhendra
Saraswa(i
=udha F >a.i
1=reedha Su&ara3#
-oosu5
1%a&anaadhee((ha3#
Sa.is 1Meesu&ara3
Sri
/hi(sukhanandendra
Saraswa(i# Sri
)idya"hanendra
Saraswa(i ,,,
'a&ud 1Sundhura
%a&ana3#
Go)ala Ra1a
5amsa+ali
)idyashankara
4ir(ha
Sri =bhina&a
Sankarendra
Saraswa(i# Sri
Sa(chid&i.aasendra
Saraswa(i
Gmar )eeru 1$oka
=baarana3# =hmed
Shihabuddine 1$oka
=adhee((ha3
Sri Mahade&endra
Saraswa(i ,,# Sri
an"adharendra
Saraswa(i ,,
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Kasi# 0anaka#
1anka"
Kas&i and
Kausam2i
,ynasties
Prams&ava#
Pan!ala and
%udd&ist
,ynasties
Kasi# Agna and
$e'ali ,ynasties
3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
Assam
,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
,ynasties
%hanude&a ,,, 1350 C232 ?oonsi 'e& Su(u*ha %hara(i 4ir(ha 1,3
)irabahu ,, Narasimha ,) 1375 C232 @dai Earan 9a"asthiti (alla
1800 C232 Nar Sin"h 'e& Sujan"*ha
Sain( =nnamacharya 1825 C232 Si*hak*ha
1850 C232 Susen*ha
?ayabahu 1875 C232 /handra Sen
Ehadijah 1Aaadha
=baarana3#
Mohamed e.2?amee.
1%a&ana Sooja3#
Ehadijah 1Aaadha
=baarana3# =bdu..ah
1'hammaru
=adhee((ha3
Sri
%rahmananda"hane
ndra Saraswa(i# Sri
=nanda"hanendra
Saraswa(i
Ehadijah Q (o ...
>ussain
4yaokham(i#
Sudan"*ha
Bid"aran"a#
/handrashekhara
%hara(i 1,3#
Narasimha %hara(i
1,3
Sri
!urnabhodhendra
Saraswa(i ,,# Sri
!aramasi&endra
Saraswa(i ,
Sain(
Aamananda
Nasiruddine Q
(o Q 'anna
Mohamed
Sri
Sandranandabhodh
endra Saraswa(i# Sri
/handrasekharendr
a Saraswa(i ,)
%anbir#
@ddra Aam
-oosu5 Q (o Q
>adi >assan
!urusho((ama
%hara(i 1,3
Sri
=d&ai(anandabodhe
ndra Saraswa(i# Sri
Mahade&endra
Saraswa(i ,,,
!arakramabahu
),
S*anish
,nOuisi(ion
Sayyid
Mohamed Q (o
Q Mohamed
Sri
/handrachudendra
Saraswa(i ,# Sri
)idya(eer(hendra
Saraswa(i
u((enber"
in&en(s *rin(in"
*ress
>assan Q (o Q
Ea.u Mohamed
Suhem*ha#
Su*im*ha
Shankara %hara(i#
/handrashekhara
%hara(i 1,,3#
Narasimha %hara(i
1,,3
Sri
Sankaranandendra
Saraswa(i# Sri
!urnananda
Sadasi&endra
Saraswa(i
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Kasi# 0anaka#
1anka"
Kas&i and
Kausam2i
,ynasties
Prams&ava#
Pan!ala and
%udd&ist
,ynasties
Kasi# Agna and
$e'ali ,ynasties
3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
Assam
,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
,ynasties
Sain( /hai(anya 1500 C232 !ri(h&i Aai
1525 C232
Bi+a"ana#ar $alls 1550 C232 >assan Q
a.i.eo 1575 C232 %ha"wan( 'ass Manoe. Q
1100 C232 ,brahim Q
Senara(ne !ulers o$ India 1125 C232 ?ai Sin"h
-oosu5 Q (o Q
Ea.u Mohamed
Suhun#mun#
%ihin#ia !a+a
!urusho((ama
%hara(i 1,,3
Sri )yasacha.a
Mahade&endra
Saraswa(i#
%uwanekabahu
),,
Philoso0her
Balla4ha
)Balla4hacar"a,
!uran Ma.#
%him#
Aa(an Sin"h
>assan o5 ShiraP
1Aan Mani $oka3#
Mohamed 1Sin"a
%a&ana3
Suk.enmun"
ar"h"aya Aaja
Aamachandra
%hara(i
Sri
/handrachudhend
ra Saraswa(i ,,
=sh Earan#
%har Ma.
%estruction o$
'em0les in
5ashmir
Narasimha %hara(i
1,,,3# Narasimha
%hara(i 1,)3
See(hawaka
Aajasinha
Euch %en"a.
Ein"s
Sukham*ha
Ehora Aaja
Narasimha
%hara(i 1)3
Sri Sar&ajna
Sadasi&a
%hodhendra
Saraswa(i
Limakadharma
Suriya
=di ran(h F
o.d 4em*.e
Man Sin"h ,#
%hao Sin"h
Note on
Classical
Indian (usic
Su"en"*ha
!ra(a* Sin"h
=bhina&a
Narasimha
%hara(i 1,3
Sri
!aramasi&endra
Saraswa(i ,,
Ea.u 4hukka.aa#
Mohamed
,maduddine
*en#al
Conversion to
Islam
Suram*ha %ha"a
Sin"h#
Su(yin*ha Nariya
Sin"h
Sacchidananda
%hara(i 1,3
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Kasi# 0anaka#
1anka"
Kas&i and
Kausam2i
,ynasties
Prams&ava#
Pan!ala and
%udd&ist
,ynasties
Kasi# Agna and
$e'ali ,ynasties
3urvas&a#
4ks&vakku and
Assam
,ynasties
Anu and 0aina
,ynasties
Ris&i and
3ri'ura
,ynasties
Aajasinha ,, =uran"Peb 1150 C232 Aam Sin"h , Prata0adit"a
%ahadur Shah 1175 C232 %ishan Sin"h
1700 C232 =.i Q
Mara(has 1725 C232 3uro0ean *ias
1750 C232
1775 C232
,skander ,brahim
1Eu.a Aan Meeba
Ea((hiri %a&ana3
Su(yin*ha ?ayadh&aj
Sin"h#
Su*un"mun"
/hakradh&aj Sin"h
Sri =(ma
%odhendra
Saraswa(i
)ima.a 'harma
Suriya ,,
Euda Mohamed
Q
Ar%haeo
E+iden%e o,
Ri*+edi% &lora 7
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Proo$ Points in this chronolo#"-
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&cademic *ias
Pramu.h
Sami (ahara+
'ri0ura inte#rated
into Nel"
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Historians
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13 %uddhis( F Maurya/=soka archeo 5inds c. M002200 %./.0.
23 !re2%uddhis( archeo 5inds c. S00 %./.0. 1Aaja2riha: KAaj"irK3
43 'a(in" o5 =ncien( !ries(s be5ore 1600 %./.0. 1based on Saras&a(i Ai&er dessica(ion3 ma(ches (heir en(ry in (his chrono.o"y
M3 'a(in" o5 =ncien( !ries(s be5ore 2600 %./.0. 1based on 'rshad&a(i Ai&er dessica(ion3 ma(ches (heir en(ry in (his chrono.o"y
63 Eurukshe(ra archeo 5inds 1be(ween 3000 and 2M00 %./.0.3 ma(ch (he .oca(ion and da(in" o5 (he 'asharajnya Lar in (his chrono.o"y
Points to 0onder-
'his !o"al Chronolo#" o$ India is not 4ased on an" one Esheet anchorE, 4ut rather on man" 0roo$ 0oints 4ased on evidence
)archaeolo#", anthro0olo#", #eolo#", literature, lin#uistics, scri0ture, numismatics, astronomical data, etc2,
33 Mahabhara( archeo 5inds in !anda&s(han# %ihar and =n(rajaka 1be(ween 2000 and 1000 %./.0.3 and archeo 5inds in '&araka 1be(ween
1S00 and 1100 %./.0.3
N3 =&era"e re"na. *eriod o5 2M years ho.ds cons(an( in (his chrono.o"y 5rom 4000 %./.0. (i.. (oday 1(his a.so corre.a(es we.. wi(h roya.
chrono.o"ies around (he wor.d3.
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ha&e (o be mo&ed back be5ore 3000 %./.0. and (here5ore (he 'asharajyna wi.. ha&e (o be mo&ed back be5ore 4000 %./.0. which (hen *ushes 0m*eror
%hara(a back (o around M000 %./.0. and )i&as&a(a (o 6000 %./.0.1B3 2 (here isnC( a shred o5 e&idence (o su**or( a.. o5 (hose da(es. 4his scenario becomes
e&en more ridicu.ous i5 (he Mahabhara( Lar is assumed (o ha&e occured a( 3100 %./.0. wi(h o(her da(es *ushed back e&en 5ar(her 1i.e.# Ein" )i&as&a(a (o
around N000 %./.0.3. +ur(hermore# (o subs(an(ia..y shi5( (his ,ndian (ime.ine back reOuires a shi5(in" back o5 a.. wor.d his(ory since many *oin(s in (his
(ime.ine re.a(e (o o(her ci&i.iPa(ions and na(ions.
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!eKuest $or &cademic &ssistance-
4his (ime.ine mus( be (horou"h.y &e((ed by an academic e55or( in order (o "ain more credibi.i(y by (he academic communi(y and become *ar( o5 (he o55icia.
educa(iona. sys(em in ,ndia and (he wor.d. , am no( an academic. , am a cri(ica..y2minded# ,ndian2=merican who has *u( a "rea( dea. o5 (ime (hese *as(
4 years in(o (his on"oin" *rojec(. Lha( , wan( (o see and wha( we need (o ha&e is a( .eas( one 5u..2(ime !h' scho.ar work on (his (ime.ine as *ar( o5 a
'oc(ora. 4hesis and *roduce a book as (he ou(*u( 1wi(h (he Aoya. /hrono.o"y ,ndia 4ime.ine in an =**endi7 and associa(ed websi(e3.
=reas where more work is needed inc.ude 1bu( are cer(ain.y no( .imi(ed (o3:
13 Ma* a.. (he kin"s o5 (he 10 books o5 (he A" )eda a"ains( (he kin"s in (his (ime.ine (o bo(h add de*(h (o (his (ime.ine and (o *in down a more accura(e
(ime5rame 5or (he com*osi(ion o5 (he A" )eda. /on(inue (his e55or( (o (he .a(er )edas.
23 More in5orma(ion abou( a.. (he roya. dynas(ies o5 !ersia and crea(in" a so.id $,NE=0 !G,N4 be(ween (hese .is(s and ,ndian Ein"Cs .is( 1es*ecia..y a(
(he cara(hush(ra *oin( 2 which is su**osed (o corres*ond (o a (ime5rame o5 (he .a(er )edas3.
33 More in5orma(ion abou( (he 24 ?aina 4ir(hankaras and de(erminin" (he his(orica. &a.idi(y and (ime5rames o5 as many o5 (hese 24 .eaders/
.aw2"i&ers as is *ossib.e 1assumin" (ha( many o5 (hem ha&e an his(orica. basis3.
43 More in5orma(ion abou( (he chrono.o"ies o5 Sou(h ,ndian dynas(ies
M3 ,nc.usion o5 .is(s o5 *ries(.y (eacher2s(uden( disci*.ic successions 1uru2!aram*ara3
63 4ry (o name and .oca(e in ancien( .i(era(ure some o5 (he SS/ ci(ies (hereby crea(in" more archeo2based C=N/>GASC.
N3 'eci*her (he C,ndus Scri*(C (ab.e(s in order (o unders(and (he cu.(ure# re.i"ion# economy o5 (he SS/ and ma* i( in(o ,ndian .i(era(ure.
4he need is "rea( and i( (ru.y reOuires a 5u..2(ime e55or( by a Oua.i5ied and mo(i&a(ed indi&idua.. , wi.. su**or( (ha( indi&idua. 1or indi&idua.s3 as
bes( , can. ,5 you ha&e any recommenda(ions 5or someone who can 5i.. (his ro.e# *.ease con(ac( me a( newdharma2100@yahoo.com 4hank you.
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=kur"a. 4aPi((a ,
%harad&aja 2875 *2C232
Niuserre
0anna(um
2850 *2C232
@nas 1Gnnos3
0*ar(i -en 'i
2825 *2C232 /ainan &#ade Period
!o"al
Hierarch"-
$urohit
5asistha
(atyaha+ya
!uPur ,n2
Shushinak
R5 India
&loraI&auna
E+iden%e
<in* (ai+ya
(ushmina
5in# &t"arati
9anamta0i
1@((ara Euru3
$u"a.kinishedud
u
Earliest
Chinese
Chara%ters
Sichem Cit"
)Hi#hlands,
Earliest
Chinese
Chara%ters
Ritu)arna
Ke*end
$ersian Ahura
0a?da L 5edi%
5aruna
@ruinim"ina#
$u"a.Pa"esi
Proo$ Points in
this Chronolo#"
(ohan.a
versus
(a+umdar
Chronolo#"
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
2800 *2C232
1th %"nast"
Sa.ah 1She.ah3 Sar#on I 4aPi((a ,, &#e o$ 5 !ulers-
2375 *2C232 =kkad Ein"s Duti
2350 *2C232 !imush (anosh &orvar ?uan Ru
Playoga 2325 *2C232
!hio*s ,, 1!e*i3
>eber 10ber3 (anishtusu Manosh /hehr u
Asan*a $layo*i 2300 *2C232 Naram2Sin -ao
%harad&aja Svanadrat&a 2275 *2C232 3rech )!a+an, Shun
300 ?ear
%rou#ht
12M0022200 %/03
5edi%
Astronomy
*hisa. <
*rhaddiva
&tharvana
An%ient $riest
)o+erty
4e(i 1G(hoes3# !hio*s
, 1!e*i3
Deser Cit"
)Hi#hlands,
>uan" 'i 1(he
-e..ow 0m*eror3
R*+edi% Rishi
Kist
Ase o, Dord
BAryaB
Merenre
1Me(husu*his3
Ayodhya and
I:sh+a:us
otes
Timeline
Readme
1st Intermediate
Period
'orasharoob
1'orasaroon3
N(h 'ynas(y
1Ehe(y3
9erusalem Cit"
)Hi#hlands,
u(ian ,n&asion#
0.i.i
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
2250 *2C232 S(h 'ynas(y Dudea Niaajem 1=yjem3
2225 *2C232 (edes Hsia %"nast"
Bandin *haradva+a 2200 *2C232 @ru(u )aedesh( -unchen"
=ha.ya , o(ama 2175 *2C232 10(h 'ynas(y Ein" @(ukhe"a. S*i(man
Eahor Satananda 2150 *2C232 !a#au )!eu, >ardaar -u (he rea(
&shtava.ra 5amade+a 2125 *2C232 0ach o5 (hese ci(ies Ein" Shu."i
Srucavati
)Sruvavati,
*adara-Pacana
Pil#rima#e
0ittani
Emi*ration
:th %"nast"
)&.htoiL
&chthoes,
Phalec )Pele#, -
5in# o$ *a4"lon
@r2Nin"irsu#
$u"a.kidu.
%aima4ad
*ronAe Chariot
He4ron Cit"
)Hi#hlands,
'i&odasa
=(i(hi"&a
Timidh+a1a
(am6ara
6r III Period
(ons o, <in*
Dasharatha
=rej 'areshane
1>arshan3
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
*harat 7aOman Shatru#hna 2100 *2C232
11th %"nast"
has i(s own C%aa.C =mar2Sin >aecha(as* /hCi
2075 *2C232 1residen( od3. Na*.anum 4a ECan"
2050 *2C232 Ein" ,bbi2Sin !e(ere(ras* /hun" ECan"
2025 *2C232
12th %"nast"
&morite Period Paurushasva >sian"
2000 *2C232 Ein"s o5 $arsa Shao ECan"
%harad&aja !ai(hinasi 1:75 *2C232 3arl" 9eish histor" !ishi &tharvan/ /hu
7ater Bedic Period - 'he 3ra o$ Settlement- )%va0ara ?u#a,
'a.sha,
Push.ala
=n"ada#
/handrake(u
Su&ahu#
Sa(ru"ha(i
=uro"das*a
1@r&adas*a3
Tri6al Totems
in Ramayana
Early
IronDor:in* in
Gan*a Re*ion
Seru# )Saruch, -
5in# o$ 6r and
&#ade
'a(in" o5 Mana&a
'harma Shas(ra
=ri#in o$
For4idden Fruit
Stor"
(iddle *ronAe
&#e
Tamil eolithi%
Tool
Palace %esi#ns
in Bedic Period
Transmission
o, 5edi%
Culture West
=menemhe(
1=mmenemes3
Rarathushtra
)Roroaster,
Hara))an toDn
eH%a+ated in
Gu1arat
Sesos(ris
1Senwosre(3
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
1:50 *2C232
=menemhe( ,,
BB +en"
1:25 *2C232
Sesos(ris ,,
un"unum >uan"
The 5edi% Rule 1:00 *2C232
Sesos(ris ,,,
Nahor )Nachor, >sieh
1;75 *2C232
=menemhe( ,,,
!u /hian"
0un1a ' (oma 1;50 *2C232
=menemhe( ,)
My(hica. $inea"e Si..i2=dad /hiun"
1;25 *2C232
Hueen Sobkne5eru
Eu(ur2Mabuk /hin
Su.latirtha
7e#end
Indus %ities
dried u) Dith
monsoon
5rshna
&n#irasa
5edi%
Demo%ra%y
)ish&aka
=n"irasa
!ama in the
Persian &vesta
*a4"lonian
Period
Purohit
5as"a0a
<iratas in the
Brahmanas
<in* Risa+a
Ya1natura
?timeframe*@
=bisare
1!a.ace o5 Nur
=dad3
Rarathushtra
(isc
)is&akarma
%hau&ana
Brahmana
De+elo)ment
S(e*s (o
di55eren(ia(e
amon" )yasa
!arasharyas
Beda B"asa
Con$usion
Ori*in o,
Brahmi (%ri)t
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
1;00 *2C232
10conomic *rob.ems
Larad2Sin ECun" /hia
1775 *2C232
Sobkho(e*
in Meso*o(amia dri&e Aim2Sin Eao
1750 *2C232
Sobkho(e* Ein"s
Hammura4i +a
1725 *2C232 Terah 3Tharah4 Samsui.una Chieh
?aba.a 1700 *2C232
13(h 'ynas(y
Aim2Sin ,,
1175 *2C232
14(h 'ynas(y
,saac 4a 0# !u!in"
0ulti'Dynasti%
Koyalties
3arliest
60anishads
2nd Intermediate
Period
5noled#e o$ India
in !ama"ana
versus
(aha4harata
(aras+ati Ri+er
in the
Brahmanas
!ama"anaJ
(aha4harata
'ransition
<assite
In+asion o,
Ba6ylon
4erah F son (o
.ea&eB3 /haharshanbeh2
Suri
1!ersian
+es(i&a.3 B
5edi%
Anu:ramanis
3Indi%es4
&r"an Invasion
as cause o$
&4rahamic
(i#ration/
o *eneti%
e+iden%e ,or
A0T or AIT>
Histor" o$
&4raham
&4raham
)&4ram,
Shan# %"nast"
0r.i(ou
Eira(as in (he
Aamayana F
Mahabhara(a
Sat"a.ama
)9a4ala,
Sa"e
>aridruma(a
au(ama
5assite
*a4l"onians
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
1150 *2C232
H".sos Period
?acob 1,srae.3 =bieshu Nan ?en
1125 *2C232
1M(h F 16(h 'ynas(ies
EHodus 0yth 1100 *2C232
=*o*his 1=*o*i3
4a Een"
1575 *2C232
SeOenenre Aebe..ion
1550 *2C232 4a Mou
1525 *2C232
Ne 5in#dom
!ereP =mmidi(ana /hun" 4in"
Datin* o, 0is%
(%ri)tures
-reeks and
4ndia
=ri#in o$ Dreat
Flood Stor"
12 4ribes o5
,srae.
4a /hia# 4su
4in"
I!=N 6S3
S'&!'S/
Historical 4asis
o$ 9eish
3Oodus
4he 07odus o5 (he
,srae.i(es in(o 0"y*(
Dan*ers o,
Aryan In+asion
Theory
&ncient
Hara00an
inscri0tion $ound
in 'amil Nadu
Histor" o$ 5
*oo.s o$
(oses
7ate *ronAe
&#e
>siao /hia
-un" /hi
,ndus Scri*(#
inscribed s(one ce.(
(oo. o5 Sembiyan2
kandiyur
(*H Position
in Indian
Histor"
Pre-9eish
reli#ion o$
Israel =hmose
1=mosis3
?udah 2 Ein" o5
oshen 1in 0"y*(3
2 Bran%hes o,
I:s+a:u
Dynasties
0aha6harata
Era <in*doms
Da+ita+ana
3$anda+a City4
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
%harad&aja 1500 *2C232
1S(h224(h 'ynas(ies
cerah =mmisaduOa
&#nistut 1875 *2C232
1850 *2C232 'uthmosis II >ePron Samsudi(ana /hCian" /hia
<r)i (arad+ati N<irata'desaN 1825 *2C232 4su 4in"
Komaharsana 1800 *2C232 Aam Nan Een"
E:ala+ya 5in# %antava.ra 1375 *2C232 /hia
Arstisena
)riestly order
(*H Car must
4e around 1800
*2C232
!u ?en
/hia
=(reya
!unar&asu
%ashara+n"a
Car II - (*H
=meno*his ,#
'uthmosis I
@nder 4u(hmosis
, and ,,# 0"y*(
ru.es ,srae..
4su 0
4su >sin
&#nivesa#
%he.a
?a(ukarna#
!arasara
>ari(a#
Esara*ani
0BH'Era
Attara)atha
>a(she*su( 1on.y
5ema.e !haroah3#
4u(hmosis ,,,
&0iru or Ha4iru
EHe4reE Nomadic
'ri4es
5irata 5in#
Suvahu
)Su4ahu,
<in*
$aundra:a
5asude+a
=meno*his ,,
1=menho(e* ,,3
<arna 7
Duryodhana
4u(hmosis ,)
and =meno*his
,,,
=5(er here(ica.
!haroah =khena(en#
0"y*( dec.ines.
/hrono.o"y o5
Syria
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
1350 *2C232 !an Een"
5alade+a 1325 *2C232 =mminCadab >siao >sin
5idur iti 1300 *2C232 >siao 0
1275 *2C232 Lu 4in"
1250 *2C232 Se(hos 1Se(i3 , 4su Een"
5ala"ani Dar#"a 5atha+ava 1225 *2C232 Eadashmankharbe ,, 4su /hia
Tri6ute to
Yudhisthira
Ata+i:a
(amanta
%i#vi+a"a
a#ainst 5iratas
=meno*his ,)
1&.henaten3 F
Ne5er(i(i
/anaani(e Ein"s (ake
ad&an(a"e o5
0"y*(ian dec.ine.
(i+a L <irata
Deity
a*a Chie,
<aliyaBs de,eat
'utan.hamun
)>'ut>,
0BH ' 1S""
BCE@
Date o,
0aha6harata
War
=y 1Ne5er(i(iCs
5a(her3
*attle o$
5adesh
*rahmanic Period - *rahmanas < 60anishads- )5ali ?u#a,
BARIAK( O&
$GW CAKTARE
I A$
ThanesDar L
<uru:shetra
0BH Datin*
Tools
>oremheb 1>armais3#
Aamesses ,
)Israelites return to
Canaan- (usa
Chronolo*y o,
the Aranya:as
;anamee1ayBs
Des%endants
3Au*rasainya4
CMosesC .eads some
?ews ou( o5 0"y*(3
0n.i.2Nadin2
Shumi
!amesses II
)!amses II,
,srae.i(es conOuer
mos( .and 5rom
/anaani(es.
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
1200 *2C232 >siun" >sin
$an%ha:anyas 1175 *2C232 Salmon )< !aha4, Na4o0olassar ECan" 4in"
1150 *2C232 Se(hnakh(e
,srae. in&aded by
Ne4uchadneAAar I Lu 0
1125 *2C232 Len Lu 4in"
1100 *2C232 Aamesses )2,R %oCaP 1F Au(h3 +u 0
1075 *2C232 Gbed 4i >sin
Early Datin* o,
5edi%
(%ri)tures
Gree:s and
Dana+as
Merne*(ah
1Mene*h(hes3
3arl" Iron &#e
C4he
?ud"esC !eriod
Me.i2Shikhu#
0n.i.2Nadin2=khi
Anthro'
)omor)hi%
Con,usion
Se(hos ,, and
Merne*(ah
Si*(ah
$a+ratti i+ritti
Cy%les o,
IndiaEs History
Aamesses ,,,
and ,)
!hi.is(ines 1,ndo2
0uro*eans3
%aby.on is wor.dCs
.ar"es( ci(y.
&tharva
In$luence
Cestard
Marduk2Nadin2
=hhe
Aamesses R and
Aamesses R,
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
1050 *2C232 Chou %"nast"
1025 *2C232 Simbar2Shikhu Lu
1000 *2C232 !inudjemCs Sons 5in# %avid /hCen"
:75 *2C232 !inudjemCs Sons %at&s&e2a ECan"
:50 *2C232 7i4"an 5in#s 5in# Solomon /hao
:25 *2C232 Mu
Ar%haeolo*i%al
E+iden%e o, the
As+attha Tree
>i"h !ries(
>erihor# 4anis
>i"h !ries(
'he &#e o$
5in#s
!inudjem ),
1!susennes3
Ein" Sau. 1F son#
?ona(hon3:
9esse
<irata $oliti%al
Institutions
Human
settlements
near alanda
0a2Mukin2Shumi#
Eashshu2Nadin
02@.mash2Shakin2
Shumi
Geneti%
FIndiannessG
Sesonchis ,
1SeshonO3
Ein"dom breaks in(o
2 !ieces
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
:00 *2C232 Gsorkon Eun"# 0
;75 *2C232 4ake.o(his >siao# -i
;50 *2C232 Sesonchis ,,
;25 *2C232 3thio0ian 5in#s $i
;00 *2C232 4e5nakh(e >suan
775 *2C232 !iankhi -u
Ein" !eho4oam
@rar(u 1=rara(3
'ynas(y
Histor" o$
Puranas
Ein" Gmri / &4i+ah
&irst mention
o, Ara6s
Ein" =hab
1&sa3
Chinese ado0t
Indian Rodiac
Ein" ?ehu
19ehosh>a0hat3# Ein"
?oash
In,luen%e o,
0ala
3$rayer Beads4
to others
Ein" =maPiah /
9oram
Calls o$
*a4"lon
Dur*a L <irata
Deity
&lternate
5osala %"nast"
5in# 6AAiah <
9otham
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
Er(anjaya 750 *2C232 (edes %"nast" !in"# >si Lan"
725 *2C232 Sabakon 1Shabaka3 'eioces >uan
700 *2C232 7ate Period Sar#on II /huan"
Aananjaya 175 *2C232 4aharOa >is# 4Cui
150 *2C232 4anu(amun >ui
125 *2C232 !samme(ichus , Madius
0ana'adas in
Panini=s time
Histori%al Date
,or $anini
%occhoris
1%ekenrene53
Ein" &haA
!ama#ram
3Ocavations
Ein" !ekah#
Ein" >ePekiah
@kin2cer# 4i".a(h2
!i.eser !u.u
Panini mention
of M%H
&ncient
&ra4ia
Sar"on ,, F
HeAe.iah
Ein" (enasseh
Sar"on &ic(ory
o&er Sumero2
!hoenecians
Esha(ri(a
1!hraor(es3
Datin* o,
5almi:i
5in# &mon
)&mos,
Sc"thian
%"nast"
C Ashrams o,
Ki,e
Dra%o 3Gree:
$oliti%ian4
5in# 9osiah#
Ein" ?oachim
>sian"
Shu 4ai
/hCin"
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
Ceta.a (u6hadra Sanjaya 100 *2C232 Necho 7ao-'Ae
Cellana *ala.i Dar#"a 575 *2C232 !samme(ichus ,, =me.2Marduk
Bidhuda4a Chatta Ban.a 550 *2C232 =*ries 1Lahibre3 5in# Bishtas0a $in"# /hin" ,
Mahakosa.a 525 *2C232 =masis 1=hmose3 Persian Period
!rasenaji( 500 *2C232 ?echoniCah 4ao# /hin" ,,
875 *2C232 'arius , Eurds -uan/
5in# Rede.iah
rises u0 a#ainst
*a4"lonians
Ne4uchadneAAar
II o$ *a4"lon
(edes %"nast"
@waksha(ra
1/ya7ares3
Mi"ara
1Mr"adhara3#
'i"ha Earayana
*a4"lonian
Ca0tivit"
,sh(ume"u
1=s(ya"es3
ECuan"
4in"# /hien
?udah now a
%aby.onian
!ro&ince
Na4onidus#
%e.shaPPar
&ashion o, usin*
surnames ,or
<in*s
Buddhist
re,eren%es to
0aha6harata>
Persian !ule
)Dree. In$luence,
5in# %ara"ava"ush
)%arius,
5un# Fu-'Au
)Con$ucious,
5ashmir in
&ncient India
Ori*in o,
0auryas
!samme(ichus
,,,# /ambyses
&chaemenid
%"nast"
Eira(as in
%auddhic F
?aina $i(era(ure
=ri#in o$ ord
>Hindu>
)idudabha2
Esudraka
Rshayarsha
1QerOes3 , (he
rea(
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
Esu.ika 850 *2C232 She2a.C(i2e. 4in"
Sura(ha 825 *2C232
Sumi(ra 800 *2C232 cerubCbabe.
An%ient (la+ery 375 *2C232
350 *2C232 =biCud
325 *2C232 Hellenistic 3ra
Corru0tion o$
Balmi.i>s
!ama"ana
Trade 6etDeen
Indian <in*s
and <irata
Tri6als
Rer7es ,#
=r(a7er7es ,
=r(a7shassa
1=r(a7er7es3 ,
'arius ,,
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Eun"
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Honest" o$
&ncient Indians
Dree. o0inion
o$ Indian
0o0ulation
Notes on
Chandra#u0ta
(aur"a
Dree. !ule
)Ptolemies,
(acedon
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300 *2C232 0.iCakim
275 *2C232 !ersian !eriod
Carumati 250 *2C232 =Por Sin2.eOe2unnini Parthia %"nast" Chin %"nast"
225 *2C232
Cetara+a 200 *2C232 Dreat Call
5in# 5haravela 175 *2C232 0.iCud
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30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
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30eso)otamia4
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3Qinhua4
Birasena 5ude0asiri 150 *2C232
*adu.ha 125 *2C232 0.eaCPar ?in"di 1$iu Hi3
(ahasada 100 *2C232 Ma((han Ludi 1$iu /he3
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Bi.ramadit"a 50 *2C232
25 *2C232 /hen"di 1$iu =o3
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7inea#es
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7inea#es
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30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
Bi6le 0yth /i(y o5 MuPiris 0
25 C232 Hsin %"nast"
50 C232
75 C232
?u#a 7en#th 100 C232 Aomans
125 C232
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R) /aeserion#
=n(ony3
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1?esus3 born in
%e(h.ehem
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in$luence $rom
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=idi 1$iu Rin3
!in"di 1$iu ?iPi3
AuPi 1$iu -in"3
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Euro)ean KaD
!oman !ule
1/orne.ius a..us#
=u"us(us# 4iberius3
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unearthed near
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>suan Shen"2ECun"
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5ushan Coins
Found
a.ba# G(ho# )i(e..ius#
)es*asian# 4i(us
4i(us des(roys
?erusa.em
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-an"3
chan"di 1$iu 'a3
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>adrian
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in /hina.
=ther &ncient
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7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
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7inea#es
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IS!&37
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I!&N
30eso)otamia4
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*harata (uni 150 C232 Simeon ,, Shundi 1$iu %ao3
175 C232 $in"di 1$iu >un"3
200 C232 ?udah , Shundi 1$iu %ien3
225 C232 Macrinus Riandi 1$iu Rie3
250 C232 Sha*ur , 3 5in#doms 3ra
275 C232 Pro0het (ani
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Ins%ri)tion
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5adna*ar
Marcus =ure.ius 1F
$ucius )erus3
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Darshanas
=&idius /assius#
/ommodus
Timeline
Readme
BorroDin* ,rom
5edas to West
Se*(imius Se&erus#
/araca..a
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,eity -anes&
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Sassanid
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in China
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I!&N
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I!&N
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3Qinhua4
300 C232
Cris0us 325 C232 *"Aantine !ule
'i4etan scri0t 9engi'ura 350 C232
*udda4hadra 375 C232 %yPan(ines Hian Hin
800 C232 *"Aantine !ule Lei
4ara*ida 825 C232 4heodosius ,, Chou %"nast"
Constantine
1!a"anism (o
/hris(iani(y3
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1/ons(an(ineCs
wi5e3
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!robus# 'ioc.e(ian
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rea(
>uidi 1/hun"
/hen"24u3
Christian
5e*etarianism
/ons(an(ine (he
rea(
>uaidi 1/hih +en"2
4u3
Mindi 1-eh -en2/hih3
New !a..a&a (em*.e
com*.e7 disco&ered
in Mahaba.i*uram
32M: /ounci. o5
Nicaea
4oba Sheyi"ian F
Son
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o$ Danesh
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rea(
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wri(en
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7iterar"
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!ama
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?ewish !a(riarch
.a*ses
=ther &ncient
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7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
5isuddhima**a 850 C232 Marcian B
!usyabhu(i *hartrhari $rith+isena II 875 C232 ceno (aAda. B
Nara&ardhana Arya6hatta I 500 C232 =nas(asius MaPdakism B
Aajya&ardhana Ara6ian Deities Katade+a 525 C232 MaPdakism ends B
=di(ya&ardhana 550 C232 ?us(inian more rebe..ions
!rabhakara&ardhan 5in# Shirham 5iratas> %ur#a 575 C232 Sui %"nast"
7inea#e o$
3m0eror
Harsha
<in*
Chandra)ida o,
A11ain
/on5.ic( be(ween
.oca. Mono*hysi(es F
%yPan(ine /hurch
Samari(an/?ewish
u*risin"
Praharavarman
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Indian (usic to
China
2 <a6as in
Ara6ia
5hoshro:
/hosroes ,
1=noshar&an3
-u24un"2Lan2
4Cu
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
!a+"avardhana Sissa ben 'ahir 100 C232 >erac.ius
%andin (atan#a 125 C232 /hosroes ,, Gmar %en =.2Eha((ab !ustum '>an# %"nast"
Sects o$ Islam 150 C232 &ra4 !ule &ra4 !ule &ra4 !ule
(ani..avaca.ar Chera %"nast" 175 C232 &ra4 !ule aoPon" 1$i chi3
%hu&ikrama *harthruhari 700 C232
Nava 5ama 725 C232 Merwan ,,
Ori*ins o,
Chess
/hosroes ,, 1!ersian3
conOuers !a.es(ine
Lendi 1-an"
?ian3
Histor" o$
'amil %esa
0m*eror
>erac.eus
Chera 5in#s
$rom %vara.a
Sam4andhar
)9nanasam4an-
dhar,
=rabs de5ea( Syria#
%yPan(ines# !ersians#
?erusa.em
aoPu 1$i -uan3
4aiPon" 1$i
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the &#ni-.ula
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/a.i*hs
@mayyad
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bui.ds 'ome o5 (he
Aock
chon"Pon" 1$i che3
AuiPon" 1$i 'an3
Lu ce(ian 1Lu chao3
Dan#a 5in#
Sivamara
chon"Pon" 1$i che3#
/hon" Mao# AuiPon"
1$i 'an3
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
Banra+ Chavda 750 C232 =bd e.2Aahman
775 C232
;00 C232 >arun e.2Aashid
Suresvara ;25 C232 Mamun
Bala.hil"a ;50 C232 ,nde*enden( 0"y*( Sa55arid 'ynas(y
Ra1ase:hara ;75 C232 =hmed ibn 4u.un =hmed ibn 4u.un
/heraman
!eruma.
Indian =ri#ins
o$ &ra4ian
Stories
=bbasid
/a.i*ha(e
&44asid
Cali0hate
=bbasid
/a.i*ha(e
RuanPon" 1$i $un"ji3
SuPon" 1$i -u3
'aiPon" 1$i -u3
San.arachar"a>s
(athams
$re'(han:aran
Commentators
9a4ali0ur
)9alor,
=bbasid
/a.i*ha(e
'ePon" 1$i Shi3
ShunPon" 1$i
Son"3
%atin# o$
San.arachar"a
2nd Chera
%"nast"
*hauma.ara
%"nast"
/a.i*h >aroun
a.2Aaschid
Raroastrians
leavin# Persia
RianPon" 1$i
/hun3
MuPon" 1$i
>en"3
5in#
!audra4huti
4ahirid F
Samanid
'ynas(ies
?in"Pon" 1$i
chan3
LenPon" 1$i
=n"3
5in#
7an#darma
)'i4et,
(an+usri-
(ula.al0a
LuPon" 1$i -an3
RuanPon" 1$i
/hen3
Dan#a 5in#
5on#univarman
-iPon" 1$i Len3
RiPon" 1$i -an3
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
:00 C232 Ehumaraweih
:25 C232
*addi#a :50 C232 %uyid 'ynas(y
5rsnara+a %eva :75 C232
Balla4hadeva 1000 C232 /a.i*h =.2>akim
&4hinava#u0ta 1025 C232
Na#a0attinam
'sunami
Sin4ad Sailor
Stor"
)Sindh-4ad,
Dan#a 5in# o$
'al.ad
-un# chaoPon"
1$i ?ie3# =idi 1$i
chu3
Calu."a 0rince
&ri.esari
Siva.oti
)5annada,
+a(imid 1Shii(e3
/a.i*hs o5
Eairouan
4aiPu 1chu Len3# -u2
Euei# Modi 14ien
>uan"3# chuan"Pon"
14sun2>su3
=ri#in o$
Conce0t o$
Danesh ritin#
(*H
Pallava 5in#
%ili0arasa
Mohammed e.2
,kshid 14urkish3
1$a(er3 />G@: 4aiPu
1Lei Len2/hun"3#
ShiPon" 1?un"3#
4sun" >sun
Dan#a 5in#
Sat"ava."a
5on#uni Barma
%harmamahara+a
Ea5ur# ohar 10.2
MuiPP3
+a(imid
/a.i*ha(e
haPna&id
'ynas(y
4aiPon" 1chao
uan"yi3
India !ichest
Nation in the
Corld
Cham0aner-
Pava#adh
&rchaeolo#"
0.2=PiP 10.2MuiPPCs
son3# 0.2>akim 10.2
=PiPCs son3
chenPon" 1chao
'echan"3
&l4eruni and
the Kuestion o$
4ee$
Ne0al Palace
!uins
0.2cahir 10.2
>akimCs Son3
AenPon" 1chao
chen3
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
9a"a.esi-I 1050 C232 0.2Mus(ansir Se.juk 'ynas(y
*hillam B 1075 C232
1100 C232 Crusades
7a.shmidharna !a+ataran#ini 1125 C232 0.2=5da.
3nd o$ Cheras 1150 C232 0.2=did# =ma.ric , 2nd /rusade
Hemacandra 1175 C232
Dovinda
5esavadeva
Indian Princel"
States )a00roO2
1,000,
4urkish Se.juks
conOuer
%a"hdad
-in"Pon" 1chao Shu3
ShenPon" 1chao Ru3
7ater ?adava
%"nast"
/hris(odu.us#
%adr e.2ama.i
/rusades
.aunched due (o
*ersecu(ion by
4urks.
chePon" 1chao
Ru3
TamresDari
Co))er Tem)le
(isc Notes
a4out Chera
%"nast"
("aAedi
Inscri0tion
0.2=5da.
0.2Mus(a.i
Ein" %a.dwin
>uiPon" 1chao
?i3
%a.dwin ,
+u.co# /oun( o5
=njou
HinPon" 1chao >uan3
aoPon" 1chou ou3
&4hinava
Pam0a II
!a+ataran#ini
*oo. I
RiaoPon" 1chao
%oPon"3
Sumer Shah
Sin#h
!a+ataran#ini
*oo. II
Shirkuh# Sa.adin
1Sa.ah e.2'in -usu5
ibn =yyub3
Ein" =.amrik ,
Sa.adin
uan"Pon"
1chao 'un3
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
Somesvara 1200 C232 (on#ol 3m0ire
$a&ana*rasada *en#al %"nast" 1225 C232 M(h /rusade
Biradhavala 1250 C232
Somala %evi 1275 C232 N(h /rusade ?6&N )(on#ol,
!riyamkara 1300 C232 (amelu.e !ule
'harman"ada 1325 C232 >asan %ahri(e 'ynas(y ?a.ayirid 'ynas(y
!e-emer#ence
o$ Chera 5in#s
!a+ataran#ini
*oo. III
&""u4id
%"nast"
1Ma.ik e.2=di.3
3rd /rusade
4(h /rusade
Nin"Pon" 1chao
Euo3
!a+ataran#ini
*oo. IB
0.2Shemsa# Ma.ik e.2
Eami.# +rederick ,,
$iPon" 1chao
-uju3
%ha((a Narayana#
Ni*u# >a.ayudha#
>arihara# Eandar*a
!a+ataran#ini
*oo. B
0.2=di. ,,# 0.2Sa.ih
=yyub# $ouis ,R
0n".ish /rusade
6(h /rusade
,.2Ehanid
'ynas(y
'uPon" 1chao
Men"Oi3
)is&ambhara#
Narahari#
Narayana
!a+ataran#ini
*oo. BI
(amelu.e %"nast"
%aibars ,# Ha.aun
Ba00adava
%"nast"
!a+ataran#ini
*oo. BII
0.2=shra5 Eha.i.#
Mohammed e.2Nasir
LuPon" 1Ehaisan
u.uk3
*haradva+a
Samhita
!a+ataran#ini
*oo. BIII
LenPon" 14o"h
4imur Gija"a(u3
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
4ara*a(i 1350 C232 Sa.ih# >asan
(allinatha Eamade&a 1375 C232 >a""i# %arOuO (IND %"nast"
Andhra E)i% )is&ana(ha 1800 C232 +ara" 4imurid 'ynas(y
Aamachandra Cit" Names 1825 C232 Ruande 1chu chanji3
Subuddhi 1850 C232 Hai( %ey
Eamsari 1875 C232 Mohammed %ey
(edieval
Female Hindu
Sa#es
Chroniclers o$
5ashmir
Shundi 14o"h2=n
4imur3
Comments
a4out
Bi+a"ana#ar
<erala (%hool
o, 0athemati%s
%urdchi(e
'ynas(y
-on".e 1chu 'i3
>on"7i 1chu aoPhi3
'amil 5in#s o$
9a$$na
0.2Muayyad# ,brahim#
0.2=shra5 %ars %ey
Sva"am4hu
Purana
*uddhism in
15th centur"
(aharashtra/
?in"(ai 1chu
Hiyu3
&ncient
manuscri0t
$ound in Ne0al
Hindu St"le o$
Histor"
>on"Phi 1chu
-u(an"3
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
Ni+a#unavo#i 4ri.ochana 1500 C232 Sa5a&id 'ynas(y Sa5a&id 'ynas(y
Bira4hadra+a Sas(hidasa San.ara %eva 1525 C232 'ur.ish !ule G((oman 'ynas(y
%ur#a4hati 1550 C232 Su.(an Se.im , Su.(an Se.im ,
Easina(ha 1575 C232 Su.eiman ,,
4iruma.araya 1100 C232
/am*a Aaja Ersnachandra B Nayaka 1125 C232
Fort 5ochi
!uins
0.2huri#
4uman %ey
?ews dri&en ou(
o5 S*ain come (o
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chen"de 1chu
>ouPhao3
'ur.ish !ule
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%estruction o$
&mericas
$on"Oin" 1chu
chaihou3
5arnata
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5eladi !ulers
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0"y*(ian !ashas
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-iPhun3
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Samaddara
)enka(a*a
Nayaka
0"y*(ian !ashas
1o&ernors3
Eabba.is(s (hri&e
1?ewish mys(ica.
(radi(ion3
4aichan" 1chu
/han".i3
0"y*(ian !ashas
1o&ernors3
4ianOi 1chu
-ujiao3
=ther &ncient
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7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
B 1150 C232
Ci.a %eva Si&achandra 1175 C232
1700 C232
,s&aracandra 1725 C232 'aher e.2Gmar
1750 C232 =.i %ey cand 'ynas(y
Sat"anamis iriscandra 1775 C232 =hmed e.2?aPPar Mam.uke Au.e Hajar 'ynas(y
Bira4hadra
Na"a.a
0"y*(ian !ashas
1o&ernors3
NIND )(anchu,
%"nast"
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'ruse 0mir
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Ean"7i 1Ruan
-e3
India !ichest
Nation in the
Corld
$ortu*uese
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0"y*(ian !ashas
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/hen"3
Su$is and
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India
Saint
'a"umanavar
0"y*(ian !ashas
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Hian.on" 1>on"
$i3
?iajin" 1-un"2
-en3
!evolts a#ainst
Colonialism
Mohammed %ey
=bu 'ahab
=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
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7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
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3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
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30eso)otamia4
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Su.adeva 1;00 C232 Mohammed =.i
Srisacandra 1;25 C232 ,brahim !asha =mir Eabir Rian5en" 1-ichu3
Sa(iscandra 1;50 C232
1;75 C232 ,raOi Na(iona.is(s
92N2 FarKuhar ;ohn Woodru,, !ene> Duenon 1:00 C232
9ean FillioAat 1:25 C232 *ritish (andate Ein" haPi , !ah.a&i 'ynas(y
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Ha"man Cilson
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conOuers 0"y*( F
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(onier (onier-
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(aster &r"an
!ace 'heor"
Meheme( =.i#
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Cilliam %i#ht
Chitne"
=bbas ,# Said#
,smai.
0uro*ean ?ews
mi"ra(e in(o !a.es(ine
4on"Phi
1caichun3
Sri Nara"ana
Duru
*al Dan#adhar
'ila.
&rthur &nthon"
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%ri(ish Au.e 14au5iO#
Sir 0&e.yn %arin"#
=bbas ,, >i.mi#
enera. Ei(chener3
?ews s(ar(
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se((.emen(s
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4ian3
Sir 3ldon Dorst
)Husein 5amil,
&hmed Fuad,
4heodor >erP.
2nd =.iyah
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%ri(ish ,n&asion
o5 161N
Constitutional
!evoluition
!uyi 1=isin ioro
!uyi3
&4hinav *harat
Societ"
3rich
Frauallner
5in#dom o$
3#"0t 1+uad ,#
+arouk# Nasser3
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=ther &ncient
JJJJJJJ
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'(
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30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
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30eso)otamia4
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3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
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1:50 C232 State o$ Israel
1:75 C232
2000 C232 Hosni (u4ara.
&IP 2025 C232
2050 C232
IN%I& 2050
(ethodolo#"-
Islamic
Partition
1:87
Timeline
Readme
!a+endra
Chandra
HaAra
!e0u4lic o$
3#"0t 1enera.
Mhd. Ne"uib#
/o.one. Nasser3
=..ied ,n&asion o5
!ersia
Shah o$ Iran
China invades
'i4et
&nti-India
&cademic *ias
%ivine 7i#ht
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'2(2P2
(ahadevan
(ohammed
&nar el-Sadat
SueP Lar# 6 'ay
Lar# -om Ei**ur
Lar
Saddam
Hussein
,s.amic
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CitAel
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anesh mur(i
5ound benea(h
MosOue
>idden
a(eways 5ound
in ="ra +or(
!eace 4rea(y#
!a.es(inian
,n(i5ada
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!e0u4lic o$ Iran
&I' Challen#ed
in Court
?u#a &#es -
(odern &#es
/hina becomes (he
.ar"es( economy
on 0ar(h
Corld
Po0ulation
Po0ulation
Droth
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comments
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7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
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3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
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30eso)otamia4
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3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
(ethodolo#" - the methodolo#" to 4uild this timeline as as $ollos-
Sources $or the timeline and related s0readsheets-
1. Main "enea.o"ies 5rom )i&as&a( (o Aama and Ershna 2 books by !.$. %har"a&a 1such as C,ndia in (he )edic ="eC 20013
2. /ross2checkin" o5 "enea.o"ies and *os(20*ic .is(s 2 h((*://(anmoy.(ri*od.com
3. Medie&a. Ein"Cs $is(s 2 h((*://hindune(.or" 1h((*://www.hindune(.or"/hinduUhis(ory/medie&a./kin"sUchron.h(m.3
M. -ada&a 1*os(2Ershna3 enea.o"y 2 -ada&.com/yada&his(.h(m.
6. ="rawa. 1CMohan2kaC3 $inea"e 2 h((*://www.a"roha.com
N. %uddha "enea.o"y 2 h((*://www.(heosocie(y.or"/*asadena/dhamma/dham2h*.h(m and
h((*://sino2s&3.sino.uni2heide.ber".de/+@$$40R4/?A20N/hocbud.h(m and
h((*://serendib.or"/maha&amsa/"ene.h(m. 1$anka %uddhis( .inea"e3
S. C>is(ory o5 Ae.i"ionsC S*readshee( 2 C4he +oun(ainhead o5 Ae.i"ionC by an"a !rasad# and numerous caroas(rian websi(es.
6. C/om*arison o5 Ae.i"ionsC S*readshee( 2 4he 12 book series 5rom: h((*://www.hinduscri*(ures.or"# and
h((*://www.yrec.or"# +reeindia.or"# ,shwar.com# h((*://www.sa(hyasai.or"/re5s/&ahini".ossary/en(ries.h(m
10. C,ndian +es(i&a.sC S*readshee( 2 www.hindune(.or"# &edane(.com
11. enera. ,n5orma(ion 2 Eau(i.yaCs =r(hashas(ra F Ni(ishas(ra# books o5 Swami 'ayananda Saraswa(i#
books abou( Swami )i&ekananda# numerous 'harmic Scri*(ures 1)edas# !uranas# Srimad %ha"a&a(am3.
12. 4he /o..ec(i&e Lri(in"s o5 'haram*a.# C,n Search o5 (he /rad.e o5 /i&i.iPa(ionC 1+euers(ein# Eak# +raw.ey3
1. /om*i.e and brin" (o"e(her .is(s o5 !o"al %"nasties,
2. /rea(e a timeline associa(ed wi(h (hese dynas(ies#
3. Ae.a(e kin"Cs .is(s (o each o(her (o de(ermine 7IN5&D3 P=IN'S#
4. ,n(e"ra(e numerous &NCH=!S in(o (he (ime.ine.
4. Eey e&en(s in his(ory 2 h((*://www.kama(.com/ka.ran"a/(ime.ine/(ime.ine.h(m# h((*://www.scaru55i.com/*o.i(ics/indians.h(m. and
,(ihaas.com
=ther &ncient
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7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
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7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
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30eso)otamia4
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3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
14. .eanin"s on Socia. $i5e 5rom (he =&adanas# E=N Shas(ri
1M. >indu ,ndia 5rom Gri"ina. Sources# SE =iyan"ar
16. ="e o5 (he A" )eda# NN $aw
1N. 4he ,ndo reeks# =E Narain
1S. 4he )edic !eo*.e# A Eochar
16. 4he Ai(ua. Su(ras# ? onda
20. 4he !uranas# $ Aocher
21. >is(ory o5 )edic $i(era(ure: %rahmana and =ranyaka Lorks# S Shr
22. 4he 'ec.ine and +a.. o5 ,ndus /i&i.iPa(ion# N $ahiri
23. 4he =ryan My(h# $ !o.iako&
24. 4he Hues( 5or (he Gri"ins o5 )edic /u.(ure
2M. )edic $i(era(ure: Samhi(as and %rahmanas# ? onda# 16NM
26. ,ndia as Enown (o !anini# )S ="rawa.a
2N. = >is(ory o5 ,ndian %uddhism# SA oya.
2S. 4he 0ar.ies( /i&i.iPa(ion o5 Sou(h =sia# %% $a.
26. C0ar.y ,ndian >is(orica. 4radi(ion and =rchaeo.o"yC by .!. Sin"h
30. C=ncien( ,ndian >is(orio"ra*hy: Sources and ,n(er*re(a(ionsC by .!. Sin"h
31. C+ace(s o5 =ncien( ,ndian >is(ory and /u.(ureC by .!. Sin"h
32. C=ncien( ,ndian >is(oryC by Si(a Na(h !radhan
33. C4he Aise o5 ,s.am and (he %en"a. +ron(ierC by Aichard M. 0a(on
34. C4he %harad&ajas in =ncien( ,ndian >is(oryC by 4haneswar Sarmah
13. %ooks re.a(ed (o (he ?esus My(h: 4he +abrica(ion G5 4he /hris( My(h 116663 by >aro.d $eidner or 4he ?esus !uPP.e: 'id
/hris(iani(y %e"in Li(h = My(hica. /hris(B 116663# by 0ar. 'oher(y# or 4he ?esus Mys(eries: Las 4he KGri"ina. ?esusK = !a"an odB
by 4imo(hy +reke and !e(er andy 1166N3.
=ther &ncient
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7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
3D?P'
30isr4
IS!&37
3Yosrael# ;udea4
I!&N
30eso)otamia4
I!&N
3$ersiaP $arsi4
CHIN&
3Qinhua4
3M. )arious ,n(erne( sources as documen(ed in (he (ime.ine ce..s
See commen( here
Continued
JJJJJJJ
YEAR>
2 million B.C.E.
1 million B.C.E. Humans in IDIA
!""#""" B.C.E.
1""#""" B.C.E.
1"""" B.C.E.
(tart o, ,armin*
-""" B.C.E.
/""" B.C.E.
21"" B.C.E.
$re'Dynasti% Era
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
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Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Continuous
Human
Ha6itation
/a((.e 0&o.u(ion
1*re2domes(ica(ion3
200#000 %/0
(i#rations throu#h
India
Ti*er Ca+e (tone
A*e tools
on.y a (iny 5rac(ion o5 (he "enome.
1"#""" year
Ci+ili?ation
A$ $ottery
3Cho)animando4
WorldBs ,irst
,armers
$re'((C
Dharma
&nthro0olo#ical
%iscontinuities
$rehistori%
E+iden%e
Ka:hian ;o
Daro City
30irror &a%tory4
Initial Ri%e
&armin* in
India 3Gan*a
Re*ion4
$re'Hara))an
Ci+ ' Ri%e
&armin*
0EHRGARH
DETAK
TECHOKOGY
Potential Keralans
from Kyrgyzstan
$re'Hara))an
E+iden%e
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
1100 *2C232 Sva"am4huva Early &armin*
1050 *2C232 ="nidhra
1025 *2C232 Nabhi
1000 *2C232 !isa4ha
5:75 *2C232 *harata
5:50 *2C232 Suma(i
5:25 *2C232 4aijasa
5;50 *2C232 !ra(ihara
5;25 *2C232 !ra(ihar(ha
&irst Cou)le
0ytholo*y
$re'((C
Ci+ili?ation
Winter (olsti%e
mentioned in
5edas
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
5;00 *2C232 @nne(a
5775 *2C232 %hu&a
5750 *2C232 @d"i(ha
5725 *2C232 !ras(a&a
5700 *2C232 )ibhu
5175 *2C232 Prthu
5150 *2C232 Nak(a
5125 *2C232 aya
5100 *2C232 Nara
5575 *2C232 )ira(a
5525 *2C232 'himana
5500 *2C232 Mahan(a
5875 *2C232 Manasyu
5850 *2C232 4&as(a
5825 *2C232 4us(u
Austri% Theory
35ersus AIT4
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
5800 *2C232 )iraja
5375 *2C232 Aaja
5350 *2C232 Sha(aji(
5275 *2C232 &la.a0uri %hruva 6ttama ?a.sa
5225 *2C232 Shis(i
5125 *2C232 Ai*u
5100 *2C232 /hakshu
5075 *2C232 Sar&a(eja
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
5025 *2C232 @ru 1@.muka3 (rt"u
5000 *2C232 =n"a Suni(ha E*y)t oasis
8:75 *2C232 Bena
8:50 *2C232
8:25 *2C232
8;75 *2C232
8;50 *2C232 !race(a"ana
8;25 *2C232 B
8;00 *2C232 B
8775 *2C232 B
8725 *2C232 B
8700 *2C232 B
8175 *2C232 B
$re'Indus
Ci+ili?ation
Prithu Bain"a
)Prthavana,
=n(ardhana
1)i(ijas&a3
!racina&arhi
1%arhisa(3
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
8150 *2C232 =u(ammiB
8125 *2C232 B
8100 *2C232 B
8575 *2C232 B
8550 *2C232 B
8525 *2C232 Aai&a(aB
8500 *2C232 B
8875 *2C232 B
8850 *2C232 B
8825 *2C232 B
8800 *2C232 B
8375 *2C232 4amasaB
8350 *2C232 B
8325 *2C232 B
8300 *2C232 B
8275 *2C232 B
R5 starts at
C!"" BCE
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
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Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
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8250 *2C232 B &emale Rishis
8225 *2C232 )iji(as&aB
8175 *2C232 !raha.ada
8150 *2C232 B
8125 *2C232 B
8100 *2C232 B
8075 *2C232 B
8050 *2C232 %arhisha(B
Ra:hi*arhi
(ites>
Austro'Asiati%
$o)ulations
'N= 1/oas(a.
Mi"ra(ion3
Bhirrana C'1C
dates
Bhirrana
Ar%haeo 36an:s
o, (arasDati4
Yo*a
Chronolo*y
$a+ratti i+ritti
Cy%les o,
IndiaEs History
Co))er in
India
Re,eren%e to
$re'5edi%
$eriod>
Reasona6le
Re*nal $eriod
Estimation
R5 starts at
C!"" BCE
(a)ta'
(indha+ah
De,inition
(illets older
than heat,
rice
India is the
%radle o, all non'
A,ri%an )eo)les
Hara))an
Animals
3Horse et%4
Puranic
Denealo#"
OIT Geneti%
E+iden%e
Reasons Dhy
AITIA0T is
im)ossi6le
Bhirrana
3on (arasDati4
Timeline o,
India 6ased on
(%ri)ture
Hara))an
(eals 37 Early
Writin*4
Broad
Chronolo*y
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
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Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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8025 *2C232 !raja*a(i !race(asB
8000 *2C232 Marici
3:75 *2C232 Eashya* &diti
3:50 *2C232 =di(i /i&as&ana $IE Homeland
3:25 *2C232
Geneti%
FIndiannessG
$hases o,
History
1S. ,shwa3
Ar%haeo
E+iden%e o,
Ri*+edi% &lora 7
&auna
=I' 0receded
4" mi#ration/
%a.sa
Pracetasa
(ym6olism o, /
Rishis
R* 5eda Datin*
E+iden%e
Timeline
Readme
Dau*hters o,
Da:sa
Trade o+er
Kand and (ea
5ani1
35aniyaP Bania4
Climate %han*e
ro%:ed %radles
o, %i+ili?ation
$re'R*5edi%
Rishis
Sarasvati =
Heavenly River;
"Milky Way"
Demo%ra%y and
Ke+els o, Royalty
in 5edi% Times
)i&as&a(
1)i&as&an3
Founders of
Arya ivilization
Aryan Ra%e
doesnBt eHist
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
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Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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3:00 *2C232 E:asrn*a
3;75 *2C232 Horse Bones 6r4an !#Beda
3;50 *2C232 (udyumna I:s+a:u $ramsu (aryati
3;25 *2C232 Aratta <in*dom !urura&as =iks&akus !ramsa&as
3;00 *2C232 =yu
3775 *2C232 Nahusa
Ko%ation o,
Arya 5arta
1)edic
>ear(.and3
Incom0lete
5in#s> 7ists
!uranic no(e
abou( Manu
)i&as&a(a
History o,
5edi%
Astronomy
0anu
5ai+asanta
!# Beda
(andala 1
Com0osers
=ncien( conce*(
o5 )arna T
choice
%harad&=ja
%arhas*a(ya
Pururavas
)2 6rvasi,
Purhit
Ch"avana
*har#ava
Suho(ra
%harad&=ja
Aya+a and
Ama+asya
0i*rations
=iks&akus#
?anakas#
)aisa.as
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(anava
Sunaho(ra
%harad&=ja
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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Ris&is
3750 *2C232 Bhu1yu 7 Bhu1 ?a"ati
3725 *2C232 ?adu 'urvasu %ruh"u &nu Puru
3700 *2C232 (athava -ada&as 4ur&asus 'ruhyus =na&as !aura&as
3175 *2C232 @sinaras
3150 *2C232 Hara00anH!B Si&is# Eekayas *haratas
3125 *2C232 $a1ra Denial o, AIT -ada&as >aihayas Satvatas %hara(as
Nara
%harad&=ja
Samyu
%arhas*a(ya
Sindhu H 10I
o$ Sarasvati
ar"a
%harad&=ja
AjiS&an
%h=rad&=ja
!=yu
%harad&=ja
Madras#
Sau&iras
-audheyas#
=mbas(has
?ahna&as
1%rahmanas3
Continued
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'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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3100 *2C232 Baidhar4has 'ala+an#has =ndhakas )rsnis 5as"as
3575 *2C232 )aidharbhas D %hara(as 4r(sus
3550 *2C232 AIT Kimitations )i(iho(ras =&an(is Sarya(as %hojas 4undikeras D Somakas
3525 *2C232 D Somakas
3500 *2C232 Bharatas Cedi <in*s 0atsyas Barhadrathas
3875 *2C232
<a:si+ant
Ausi1a
3$a1riya
<a:si+an4
Svana"a
*hav"a
1Sindhu !rince3
/aidyas
1conOuered by
%hara(as3
!# Beda
(andala 3
Com0osers
)iS&=mi(ra
a(hina
$re'Hara))an
0ummy ,ound
in A.$.
ASabha
)aiS&=mi(ra
5aayu)uraL
Ra:hi*arhi@
otes on
Ra:hi*arhi
(aras+ati Ri+er
in $re' and
$ost'5edi%
Kiterature
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
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Ris&is
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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Ris&is
3850 *2C232 @(k,.a Ea(ya =&iksi(
3825 *2C232
3800 *2C232 =(hin EauSika
3375 *2C232 hora =n"iras 5in# Da"a A%athya 0amata
3350 *2C232 R5 $hases
3325 *2C232 )acya 5a.sivan Pa+ra
&!CH&3= SI'3S
IN N=!'H3!N
*&7=CHIS'&N
$urohit
(am+arta
Ea(a
)aiS&=mi(ra
&"o#ava 5in#
(arutta
&vi.shita
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Ri%hishama
Ein"
=mur(harayas
<irata
Auto%hthones
(andatar
F(andhataG
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0andhatar
!raja*a(i
)aiS&=mi(ra
Bharad+a1a
%hronolo*y
*lind !ishi
%ir#hatamas
)(amate"a,
otes on
Dir*hatamas
Br6u ' $ani
Chie,
3m0eror
*harata on
(aras+ati Ri+er
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
3300 *2C232 Kaksivan=s Sons Pa(ra=s Sons
3275 *2C232
3250 *2C232 (au:riti
3225 *2C232 Rantide+a
3200 *2C232
3175 *2C232 &+amidha
?amada"ni
%h=r"a&a
Geneti%
FIndiannessG
<a:shiDati
Ghasha :-&osa
Kaksivati;
Trasadasyu
and
ationalism
;am6ud+i)a
+ersus
Bharata+arsha
?6D&
C=NF6SI=N
Shetrun+i !uins
$ound
Continued
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'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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3150 *2C232 Ni.a
3125 *2C232 Susan(i
3100 *2C232 Sak(i )=siS4ha !urujanu
3075 *2C232 Eumara ="neya 5aruna Deity 4r(su
3050 *2C232 %hrmyas&a
3025 *2C232 Srn+a"a *rhadisu ?avinara 5rmilasva
!# Beda
(andala 7
Com0osers
)asiS4ha
Mai(r=&aruN,
Early Hara))an
%ities ,ound
3eH'Drshad+ati
Ri+er4
5i6hida:aI
5i6hita:a Tree
in R5
3102 *C3
Misunders(andin"
S1"2 BCE
0YTH
Indus 5alley
(%ri)t
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%harmic
In$luence on
Cestern
!eli#ion
="ricu.(ure
men(ioned in
-ajur&eda
R5 must 6e
)re'S""" BCE
Arrata
<in*dom
AntiMuity o,
Kahore
(ud#ala
)2 Indrasena,
Da:sha <hera
3Haryana4
otes
Continued
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'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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3000 *2C232 *rahmistha Badhr"asva Pras.to.a %H&!(&N Horse E+iden%e
2:75 *2C232 (aud#al"as Bhauma Atri ;amada*ni
2:50 *2C232 (itra"u Pi+avana
2:25 *2C232 Soma Sudas
2:00 *2C232 (aitre"as Sahadeva &vanti 'ala+an#ha *ho+a 'undi.era Bitahav"a
2;75 *2C232 Soma.a Sahadeva
>ara**an ci(y
buried in
>aryanaCs
Aoh(ak dis(ric(
Drtsamada
Shunahotra
&ntiKuit" o$
'em0les in
India
!# Beda
(andala 1
Com0osers
%ivodasa
&tithi#va
Note a4ot !shi
Drtsamada
Sunahotra and
5in# %ivodasa
5is+amitra#
A)a+a
5asistha
(harad+ant
Gautama
otion o, India
in R5
Madhucchandas
)aiS&=mi(ra
%asara+na 30ic
%atin#
%asara+n"a
Notes
%asas and
%as"us
!e$erence to
&ncestor
*harata
;iro,t
An%ient trade
R5 and A5
mention o,
Bharata
3nation4
Continued
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(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
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2;50 *2C232 P&NC&7&S --P Soma.as Srn+a"as *rhadisus ?avinaras 5rmilasvas &runa
2;25 *2C232
2;00 *2C232
2775 *2C232 Bahu Su0rati.a
2750 *2C232 (a*e A*astya (a*e Bho*ar (a*ara Baitahav"a
2725 *2C232
?e(=
Madhucchandas
'hirthan.aras
Chronolo#"-
%holavira
Stadium
Dhola+ira '
5astu
Conne%tion
Indus-Sarasvati
CiviliAation
Phases
Medh=(i(hi
E=N&a
%IC3, and the 8
Periods in
Indian Histor"
5edi% Chariot
otes
%ur+a"a
&mitra.arshaNa
5edi%
Demo%ra%y
Hara))ans
s)o:e (ans:rit
R5Bs Con%e)t
o, CHAGE
%evar&ta
BaiSv&mitra
1SunahSe*a =j,"ar(i3
&#ni &urva
)*har#ava
Priest,
!# Beda
(andala 2
Com0osers
Continued
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(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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2700 *2C232
2175 *2C232
2150 *2C232 EaN&a haura
2125 *2C232
2100 *2C232
2575 *2C232
>iraNyas(@*a
=n"iras
! An%ient
(outhern
Brahmana
Tri6es
D!tsamada
Sauna.a
1A(samada
Saunaho(ra3
The ADITYAs
3$re and $ost'
R*5eda4
R5 L older than
A5E(TA
Som=hu(i
%h=r"a&a
An%ient
0edi%ine
<imsu:a Tree
in the R5
!shi
*rihadu.tha
)Bamadev"a,
!raskaN&a
E=N&a
E@rma
ar(samada
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$an%hala
R5 India
&loraI&auna
E+iden%e
Des%endants o,
5ish+amitra
Indus (eal
otes
;am6ud+i)a
+ersus
Bharata+arsha
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
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Ris&is
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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2550 *2C232 Sa&ya =n"iras
2525 *2C232
2500 *2C232 <ritti:a $eriod
2875 *2C232
2850 *2C232
2825 *2C232
Reasons ,or
5edi% Kitera%y
17 Comen
!ishis
!# Beda
(andala 5
Com0osers
%ashara+n"aJ
!ama"ana
'ransition
5edi% Culture
)re'2C"" BCE
Nodh=s
au(ama
%udha# a&iS4hira
=(reya# Eum=ra#
)ASa ?=na =(reya
Indian EH)orts
to
0eso)otamia
)asuSru(a =(reya#
,Sa =(reya# aya
=(reya# Su(ambhara
=(reya
'haruNa =n"iras#
!@ru =(reya# '&i(a
=(reya# )a&ri =(reya
Ritu)arna
Ke*end
Timeline
Readme
!ar=Sara
s=k(ya
!rayas&an(a =(reya#
Sasa =(reya#
)iS&as=man =(reya
'yumna
)iS&acarSaN,
=(reya# %andhu#
Subandhu#
Sru(abandhu
<anmer
Hara))an
Ar%heo (ite
R*+eda I
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Chronolo*y
)i*rabandhu
1au*=yanas3#
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=(ri %hauma
)iS&a&=r= =(rey,#
auri&,(i Sak(ya#
%abhru =(reya#
=&asyu =(reya
Continued
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(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
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2800 *2C232
2375 *2C232
2350 *2C232 Eu(sa =n"iras Holi &esti+al
2325 *2C232 Playoga
2300 *2C232 EaSya*a M=r,ca Asan*a $layo*i
2275 *2C232 <in* 5rsa*ir Svanadrat&a
o(ama
A=h@"aNa
=(u =(reya#
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!r=j=*a(ya#
!rabh@&asu =n"iras
=&a(s=ra E=Sya*a#
&arious =(reyas#
Sad=*ANa =(reya
5edi%
Astronomy
Indian EH)orts
to E*y)t
!ra(ikSa(ra =(reya#
!ra(ira(ha =(reya#
!ra(ibh=nu =(reya#
!ra(i*rabha =(reya
S&as(i =(reya#
Sy=&=S&a =(reya#
Sru(a&ida =(reya#
=rcan=nas =(reya
!# Beda
(andala ;
Com0osers
Geneti%
FIndiannessG
A=(aha&ya =(reya#
-aja(a =(reya#
@rucakri =(reya#
%=hu&Ak(a =(reya
!aura =(reya#
Sa*(a&adhri =(.#
Sa(yaSra&as =(.#
0&ay=maru( =(.
!ra"=(ha E=N&a#
Medh=(i(hi E.#
Medhy=(i(hi E.#
!riyamedha =n"iras
R*+edi% Rishi
Kist
'e&=(i(hi E=N&a#
%rahm=(i(hi E=N&a#
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SaSakarNa E.#
!ar&a(a E=N&a#
N=rada E=N&a
!# Beda
(andala :
Com0osers
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,rimbi4ha E=N&a#
Sobhari E=N&a
)iS&amanas
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)aiS&=mi(ra#
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SunahSe*a =j,"ar(i
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%indu =N"iras
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N=bh=ka E=N&a#
=rcan=nas =(reya
)ir@*a =n"iras#
4riSoka E=N&a#
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=*(ya
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!rabh@&asu
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=n"iras
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@ca(hya =.#
=&a(s=ra E=Sya*a
Continued
JJJJJJJ
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(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
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Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
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2250 *2C232 <uru Dynasty
2225 *2C232 Pariks&it 4
2200 *2C232 ;anamee1aya I
2175 *2C232
2150 *2C232
2125 *2C232
Ajr=S&a
)=rS="ira
M !rinces: Ajras&a#
=mbarisa#
Sahade&a#
%hayamana and
Suradhas.
!raskaN&a E=N&a#
!uS4i"u E=N&a#
SruS4i"u E=N&a#
=yu E=N&a
Medhya E=N&a#
M=(ariS&an E.#
EASa E=N&a#
!ASadhra E=N&a
=mah,yu =n"iras#
?amada"ni
%h=r"a&a# Nidhru&i
E=Sya*a
EaSya*a M=r,ca#
Sa(a )aikh=nasa#
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=n"iras
)a(sa*r,
%h=.andana# AeNu
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ASabha ).
(aras+ati
Drou*ht
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%har"a !r="=(ha#
Ea.i !r="=(ha
Ma(sya S=mmada or
M=nya
Mai(r=&aruN,#
!uruhanman
=n"iras
>ariman(a =n"iras#
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'air"ha(amas
a&i %h=r"a&a# asu
%h=rad&=ja# !a&i(ra
=n"iras
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)ena %h=r"a&a# =(ri
%hauma
EakS,&=n
'air"ha(amas
Tura
<a+asheya
Sud,(i !urum,$ha#
>arya(a !r="=(ha#
o*a&ana =(reya#
Eurusu(i E=N&a
EA(nu %h=r"a&a#
0kadyu Naudh=sa#
us,din E=N&a#
@San= Ea&ya
A(samada
Saunaka# =kAS4a
M=S=# Sika(a
Ni&=&ar,
!ASni =ja# @San=
Ea&ya# )asiS4ha
Mai(r=&aruN,
Nodh=s au(ama#
EaN&a haura#
!raskaN&a E=N&a
!arucche*a
'ai&od=s,
%aima4ad
*ronAe Chariot
De%line o,
5edi%
Traditions
EASna =n".#
)iS&aka E=rSN,#
'yumn,ka )as.#
Nodh=s au(ama
NAmedha =N"iras#
!urumedha =.#
=*=.= =(rey,#
SukakSa =n"iras
!ra(ardana
'ai&od=s,#
,ndra*rama(i#
)=siS4ha#
)ASa"aNa ).
Manyu# @*amanyu
)=siS4ha#
)y="hra*=da
)=siS4ha# Sak(i ).
EarNaSru(
)=siS4ha# MA$,ka
)=siS4ha# )sukra
)=siS4ha
',r"ha(amas
=uca(hya
<ish:inda
History
&nu 5in#
&shva0ati
)indu =N"iras#
!@(adakSa =.#
4iraSc, =n"iras#
Aebha E=Sya*a
Nema %h=r"a&a#
?amada"ni %.#
!rayo"a %.# ="ni
%arhas*a(ya
!ar=Sara Sak(ya#
Eu(sa =n"iras#
=mbar,Sa )=rS="ira
AjiS&an =n"iras#
Aebh=s@nu
E=Sya*as# =ndh,"u
Sy=&=S&,
-ay=(, N=huSa#
NahuSa# Mana&a#
Manu Sam&araNa
="as(ya
Mai(r=&aruN,
Com)leHion o,
Rama
5anara 0yth
3Tri6al Theory4
Siradhva+a
9ana.a
0ittani
Emi*ration
!raj=*a(i#
)aiS&=mi(ra# '&i(a
=*(ya
!ar&a(a E=N&a#
N=rada E=N&a# ="ni
/akSuSa
/akSu M=na&a#
Manu =*sa&a#
Sa*(aASis
Continued
JJJJJJJ
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(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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2100 *2C232 (anta
2075 *2C232 !ama>s *rid#e
2050 *2C232
2025 *2C232
2000 *2C232
1:75 *2C232
Hanumant
Misunders(andin"
(ulo%hanaBs
B(atiB
(ita Banishment
and (ham6u:a
0urder 0yths
Ori*inal
Ramayana
aur,&,(i S=k(ya# @ru
=N"iras# AjiS&an
%h=rad&=ja
="ni 'h,SNya
=iS&araya# 4ryaruNa
4rai&ASNa
4rasadasyu
!auruku(sa#
=n=na(a
!arucche*i# SiSu
=n"iras
5anara
0is'
inter)retation
An%ientness o,
Ramayana
History o,
Hin*la1
Bho*a+ati
City@
!# Beda
(andala 10
Com0osers
Tri6al Totems
in Ramayana
Early
IronDor:in* in
Gan*a Re*ion
&ntiKuit" o$
'em0les in
India
4ri(a =*(ya# 4riSir=s
4&=S4ra#
Sindhud&,*a
=mbar,Sa
-ama )ai&as&a(a#
-am, )ai&as&a(,#
>a&irdh=na =n"i#
)i&as&=n =di(ya
S=(& is
30hedra
(inauli# A$
Hara))an 3R54
Ar%haeo (ite
arsin*di
Ar%haeo (ite
3Ben*al4
Sankha -=m=yana#
'amana -.#
'e&aSra&as -.
Sankusuka
-=m=yana# Ma(i(ha
-.# or %hA"u# or
/ya&ana
Tamil eolithi%
Tool
Cultural
(i*ni,i%an%e o,
the CoD
An%ient Indian
ToDn $lannin*
%h=r"a&a# )imada
=indra# )asukA(
)asukra# )asukra
=indra
Ea&aSa =i.@Sa#
$uSa 'h=naka#
=bhi(=*a Saurya
Hara))an toDn
eH%a+ated in
Gu1arat
Continued
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(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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1:50 *2C232
1:25 *2C232
1:00 *2C232 The 5edi% Rule
1;75 *2C232
1;50 *2C232
1;25 *2C232
&ncient &lchoholic
drin.s
Classi% Cities
o, the $un1a6
Re*ion
,ndra MuSka&=n#
hoS= E=kS,&a(,#
Suhas(ya hauSeya
EASNa =n"iras#
)a(sa*r,
%h=.andana#
Sa*(a"u =n"iras
Indus %ities
dried u) Dith
monsoon
,ndra )aikuN4ha#
="ni Saucika#
%Ahaduk(ha
)amade&ya
%andhu# Subandhu#
Sru(abandhu
5edi%
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*hr#uiAation
0rocess
)i*rabandhu
1au*=yanas3#
N=bh=nediS4ha
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aya !.=(a#
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=y=sya =n"iras
0atsya <in*
Dh+asan
D+aita+ana
Sumi(ra
)=dhryaS&a#
%Ahas*a(i =n"iras#
auri&,(i Sak(ya
SindhukSi(
!raiyamedha#
?ara(karNa Sar*a
=ir=&a(a
Purohit
5as"a0a
&ncient Indian
%emocrac"
Sy@maraSmi
%h=r"a&a# ="ni
Sauc,ka or Sa*(i
)ajambhara
)iS&akarm=
%hau&ana# Manyu
4a*asa# S@ry=
S=&i(r,
)is&akarma
%hau&ana
<ashmiri
Ra1a'Taran*ini
Timeline o,
India 6ased on
(%ri)ture
)AS=ka*i =indra#
,ndra# ,ndr=N,# !=yu
%h=rad&=ja
M@rdhan&=n
)amade&ya# AeNu
)aiS&=mi(ra#
N=r=yaNa
S(e*s (o
di55eren(ia(e
amon" )yasa
!arasharyas
Beda B"asa
Con$usion
Ori*in o,
Brahmi (%ri)t
Continued
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(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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1;00 *2C232 5ushri Beda B"asa
1775 *2C232 9aimini, Paila Baisham0a"ana
1750 *2C232 4tara ,(araa
1725 *2C232 ?a+naval.i
1700 *2C232 Tarathushtra I ?aa+naval.a
1175 *2C232 ?aa+naval.i
(:eletal
Ar%haeo &ind
=ruNa )ai(aha&ya#
S=ry=(a Mana&a#
4=n&a !ar(hya
=rbuda E=dra&eya
Sar*a# !ur@ra&as
=i$a# @r&aS,
Datin* o,
Tarathustra
5noled#e o$ India
in !ama"ana
versus
(aha4harata
%aru =N"iras#
Sar&ahari =indra#
%hiSa" =(har&aNa
'e&=*i =rS4iSeNa#
)amra )aikh=nasa#
'u&asyu )andana
Shu.a
*rahmaraata
Geneti%
FIndiannessG
Indian
mi*ration into
Anatolia
%udha Saumya#
Mud"a.a
%h=rmyaS&a#
=*ra(ira(ha =indra
=S4aka
)aiS&=mi(ra#
Sumi(ra Eau(sa#
'urmi(ra Eau(sa
Aryan In+asion
o, Anatolia
?a+naval.a
*rahmaraati O
Itaraa
0aheedaasa
Aitareya
India and
Chariots
%h@(=MSa
E=Sya*a# 'i&ya
=N"iras# 'akSiN=
!r=j=*a(ya
Saram=# !aNis#
?uh@ %rahmaj=y=#
A=ma ?amada"nya
5edi%
Anu:ramanis
3Indi%es4
?a+naval."a
Con$usion
Chronolo#"
3stimate
o *eneti%
e+iden%e ,or
A0T or AIT>
?amada"ni
%h=r"a&a#
=S4=daMS4ra
)air@*a#
Nabhah*rabhedana
).
Sa(a*rabhedana
)air@*a# Sadhri
)air@*a# @*as(u(a
)=rS4iha&ya
Histor" o$
&4raham
Yaa1na+al:yas
()e%iali?ation
="niyu(a S(haura#
%hikSu =n"iras#
@rukSaya =n"iras
$aba =indra#
%Ahaddi&a
=(har&aNa#
>iraNya"arbha
!r=j=*a(ya
Ba+in
)Ba+asani,
&lternate
=ri#in o$
&#raals
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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1150 *2C232 !a+a %hana0ala
1125 *2C232
1100 *2C232 Nemanatha
1575 *2C232 Brinda
1550 *2C232 Sutarna 4 !a+a Dur+ara
1525 *2C232 Ein" !u(ra !a+a Harihara
&ncient
Hara00an
inscri0tion $ound
in 'amil Nadu
Totemi%
Con,usion
/i(ramah=
)=siS4ha# )ena
%h=r"a&a# ="ni#
)aruNa# Soma
)=k =mbhAN,#
=Mhomuk
)amade&ya
Baa+asane"a
?aa+naval."a
Ar%haeo
E+iden%e o,
Ri*+edi% &lora 7
&auna
EuSika Saubhara#
A=(r, %h=rad&=j,
)iha&ya =n"iras#
!raj=*a(i
!arameS4hin
Shiva
%hana0ala
Shu.la
Baa+asane"a
?aa+naval."a
0itannis and
;eDs
%vara.a Shell
Industr"
-aj\a !r=j=*a(ya#
Suk,r(i E=kS,&a(a#
Saka*@(a Narmedha
Sud=s !aija&ana#
M=ndh=(=
-au&an=S&a#
Eum=ra -=m=yana
*rahmavaaha
?aa+naval."a
0itanni
3Arya> Indi%4
Dynasty
Mi(anni were
,ndic and no(
,ranian
?@(i# )=(aj@(i#
)i*raj@(i#
)AS=naka#
Earikra(a# 0(aSa
ASyaSAn"a
1)=(araSanas3#
Sa*(aASis# =N"a
=ura&a
Dan*ers o,
Aryan In+asion
Theory
*rahmavaahi
?aa+naval."a
)iS&a&=su
'e&a"andhar&a#
="ni# !a&aka#
4r*asa
S=rN"a# ?ari(A#
'roNa# S=risAk&a#
S(ambhami(ra
...o(her
-aajna&a.kyasB
%aratarna 4
:Paratarna;
&stronomical
%atin# o$ (*H
=(ri Sankhya#
@rdh&asadman
-=m=yana
,ndr=N,# 'e&amun,
=irammada#
Su&edas Sair,S,
Bedic and Post-
Bedic 7iterac"
Continued
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(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
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A Rgvedi!
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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Ris&is
1500 *2C232 Parasuksatra !u(raCs son 5in# 9anasruti Saint Raikva !a+a !an#a+i
1875 *2C232 /
1850 *2C232 Paratarna 44 <usara+a Sat"avati 5in# (ahindar
1825 *2C232 0aitreyi 5in# Balla4h+i
1800 *2C232 Su(arna ,, 0adri
1375 *2C232 )i(aha&ya
!A(hu )ainya# =rcan
>airaNyas(@*a#
MA$,ka )=siS4ha
Sraddh= E=m=yan,#
S=sa %h=rad&=ja
$re'Iron A*e
Burials 3Tamil4
(austatar
3(au:satra4
&car"a
Parasara
?anasru(iCs
dau"h(er
,ndram=(ara
'e&aj=maya#
Sirimbi4ha
%h=rad&=ja
Ee(u ="neya#
%hu&ana =*(ya#
S=dhana =*(ya
@*aricara
1w. =drika3
S0eci$ic %ate o$
(*H/
(*H Position
in Indian
Histor"
/akSu Saurya# Sac,
!au.om,# !@raNa
)aiS&=mi(ra
-akSman=Sana
!r=j=*a(ya#
AakSoh= %r=hma#
)i&Ah= E=Sya*a
R5 Anu:ramani
Corru)tions
Artadama
:Rtad&aman;
5eda 5yasa
=uote
!race(as =n"iras#
Ea*o(a NairA(a#
ASabha )air=ja
Sak&ara
)iS&=mi(ra#
?amada"ni# =ni.a
)=(=yana# Sabara
E=kS,&a(a
5edan*a
;yotisa
&amous
Warrior Tri6es
5rshna
%vai0a"ana
Parashar"a
)ibhr=( Saurya# ,4a
%h=r"a&a# SaM&ar(a
=n"iras
'hru&a =n"iras#
=bh,&ar(a =n"iras#
@rdh&a"r=&=
=rbuda
a*a <in*
<umuda
5in# &#rasena
)&#ranatha,
Badh6la
linea#e 15rom
bh=r"a&a
&amsha&a..i3
'ushratta
)%asaratha,
5ula0ati
Shauna.a
Sauti
1@"rashra&a
Sau(i3
S@nu =rbha&a#
!a(aN"a
!r=j=*a(ya#
=riS4anemi 4=rkSya
Sibi =uS,nara#
!ra(ardana
E=Sir=ja#
)asumanas
AauhidaS&a
BhimaP
Bhimasena
1; Sons o$ &#rasen
H 1; Dotras
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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1350 *2C232 Sa&e(asa
1325 *2C232 a*as in 0BH !rama(i
1300 *2C232 Ta:sha:a Addala:a Auru
1275 *2C232 Ta:shasila City Shunaho(ra
1250 *2C232 (a:atayana Shunaka
1225 *2C232 <uru'5amshas Dritsamada
Ma(iwaPPa
1Ma(i&aja3
0ore history o,
$haroah
A:henaten 37
Indi% relations4
5uru.shetra
3cli0se
?aya =indra# !ra(ha
)=siS4ha# Sa*ra(ha
%h=rad&=ja
harma Saurya#
4a*urm@rdhan
%arhas*a(ya#
!raj=&=n
!r=j=*a(ya
'he &marna
corres0ondence
7ater Histor" o$
&#raals
6sha )%au#hter
o$ 5in# *ana,
Com)leHion o,
<rsna
Ori*in o,
<rishna
0ountain 0yth
)iSNu !r=j=*a(ya#
Sa(yadhA(i )=ruNi#
@.a )=(=yana# )a(sa
="neya
Syena ="neya#
S=r*ar=j\,#
="hamarSaNa
Madhucchandas#
SaM&anana =n"iras
5in# %ru0ad>s
Palace at
5am0il"a !uins
Purohit
Somasusma
Ba+aratna"ana
0BH Datin*
Tools
Satani.a I
)Satra+ita,
Svetaketu#
$a!iketas
)a(navalkya#
Saunaka#
Ka&oda
Chronolo*y o,
the Aranya:as
!o"al 7inea#e
(isc2
Continued
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(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
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1200 *2C232 Eurma
1175 *2C232 $an%ha:anyas di&an(a
1150 *2C232 dai&an(y=yana
1125 *2C232 9aimini I
1100 *2C232 sh=.ank=yana
1075 *2C232 sa&arNa
Early Datin* o,
5edi%
(%ri)tures
Gree:s and
Dana+as
Anthro'
)omor)hi%
Con,usion
Ar%haeo
E+iden%e o,
Ri*+edi% &lora 7
&auna
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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1050 *2C232 sraSh4i
1025 *2C232 sharkaraksa
1000 *2C232 Muka
:75 *2C232 Mauna
:50 *2C232 9amini II
:25 *2C232 &=dhu.a
0aha6harataI
Buddhist
Transition
Astronomi%al
Corru)tion ,rom
5edi% to $ost'
5edi% $eriods
Geneti%
FIndiannessG
Cultural
(i*ni,i%an%e o,
Bindi
Human
settlements
near alanda
Gree: history
otes
$ar*iterBs
Di+isions o,
Indian History
Ayur+eda
otes
Continued
JJJJJJJ
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(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
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A Rgvedi!
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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:00 *2C232 ?as.a
;75 *2C232
;50 *2C232
;25 *2C232
;00 *2C232
775 *2C232
<untillet UA1rud
Ins%ri)tion
C Yu*as are
CREATED 6y
Keaders
$rede%essors
o, $anini
Timeline
Readme
An%ient Indian
(%ien%e
Ashta:a
Dhan+a CityP
NAtto%:N
In,luen%e o,
0ala
3$rayer Beads4
to others
Brhadaranya:a
A)anishad
Chronolo*y
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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750 *2C232
725 *2C232
700 *2C232
175 *2C232 Datin* o, Gita
150 *2C232 5atsa <urus (a*e <anad
125 *2C232 0ayasena S&is&uaga 4
Histori%al Date
,or $anini
?6D&
C=NF6SI=N
0athemati%s
Guru
$aram)ara
C"""
Grammati%al
Rules o, $anini
!ama#ram
3Ocavations
FKoDer CasteG
histori%al
in,luen%e
Indian Ideas o,
(el, Criti%ism
Panini mention
of M%H
&ncient
&ra4ia
Ar%haeo
E+iden%e o,
Ri*+edi% &lora 7
&auna
10 Dreat
Pre-*uddha
(en
A+anti
5itihotras
I:sh+a:us
3)er $urana4
Haryan:a
(haishuna:as
<ashi
(haishuna*as
Datin* o,
5almi:i
5a:y:ara
14anka/'anka or
%rahmanandin
=(reya3
Dei,i%ation o,
<rshna
0aha6harata
mentioned in
Sutra literature*
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
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100 *2C232 Sim&a&anu Kakavarna Tarathushtra II
575 *2C232 S&udd&odana Ks&emad&arma Dhosa and Til)i
550 *2C232 0ayasena
525 *2C232 )ijaya %im2isara Shari0utra Sona
500 *2C232 Palaka <dayana A(as&atru
875 *2C232 <in* Renu A(aka 9iduda2&a ,ars&aka (uta
An%ient Ethni%
Cleansin* o,
;eDs
Athar+a
;yotisha
Buddhist
re,eren%e to
0BH
Ma&endra8
varman
Con+ersation
6etDeen <in*
(uddhodana and
Brahmanas
5in# Simha4ala
)*en#al,
Siddhartha
)>*uddha>,
"%&attiya"
:Ks&atrau(as;
Buddha>
N<in* o, <in*sN
o, the World
*uddha tal.
ith Prince
&4ha"a
Buddha
mention o,
0BH
Ma&asena
Pradyota
Sa&asranika
:Sasaniya;
Ma&akos&ala
:=Ra&ula;
%ra&man
-ovinda
Prasena(it and
$anda
5ashmir in
&ncient India
Assa:a
<in*dom
=ri#in o$ ord
>Hindu>
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
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850 *2C232 Neith Sais 9is&ak&ayu'a Ks&emaka Sumitra <dayin S&as&id&va(a Brhad'De+ata (auti
825 *2C232 Solon Avantivard&ana ,eva'i Maru
800 *2C232 Sa'aula "KA148)<-A"
375 *2C232 Critias 5in# (ahindar Plato
350 *2C232 5in# Balla4h+i
325 *2C232 5in# &#rasen
$andivard&ana
S&is&unaga 44
Rama# Kalkin
:Kalki PuranaB;
otes on
A*raDals
Corru0tion o$
Balmi.i>s
!ama"ana
Critias the
3lder
Kalas&oka
Ma&a8$anda
G(her !o(en(ia.
>is(orica. 4ime5rame
5or Ein" ="rasen
1="rawa.3
4dea of 1ost
ontinent of
Atlantis
S&is&unaga#
Kakavarna
AleHanderBs
Brid*e
<in*
<rananda
(undara+arman#
<alyana+arman
3son4
0aha)adma'
anda
TsunamiBs
around RamaBs
Brid*e
5autil"a>s
.noled#e o$
&ncient Indian
30ics
Honest" o$
&ncient Indians
History o,
Indian (teel
Real 0aurya
Dynasty
/handrasena
!uranjaya
$andendu
&andragu'ta
$arallel
B0auryasB
3a%tually 6ran%h
andas4
An%ient Ben*al
Ar%haeolo*y
Continued
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'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
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300 *2C232 Badarayana $andasara
275 *2C232 As&oka
250 *2C232 Suyas&as
225 *2C232 'irumurai %asharatha %and&u'alita
200 *2C232 Dramida 0uni Sam0rati 4ndra'alita
175 *2C232 Harivansha.ara Shalishu.a
0aurya Tem)le
Constru%tion
Chandra*u)ta
Con,usion
Chandra#u0ta
Pramati
*hatti0rolu
*uddhist Stu0a
1; Sons o$ &#rasen
H 1; Dotras
%harmic
In$luence on
Cestern
!eli#ion
Hard evidence
$or datin# o$
&so.a
Buddhist
0issionaries
&oundin* o,
City o, $atan in
e)al
Em)eror Aso:a
3Chandrasho:a
$riyadarshin4
0auryan
Kiterature
= sea. wi(h
,ndus si"ns
5ound in )aisa.i
Em)eror Aso:a
Ar%haeolo*y
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:+m'eror Asoka=s
daug&ter; Ar!&aeo
+viden!e
&rthashastra
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Con+ersion o,
(ri Kan:a
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)4rother,
;esus L
A)oloneus
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mention o,
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Aso:aBs Ro%:
Edi%t
Geneti%
FIndiannessG
(ans:rit
literature L
1""H
Gree:ORoman
&dditional
Shatavahana
%"nastic Notes
Barna S"stem
circa 3rd
centur"
!"" YEAR
DOW&AKK O&
IDIA
An%ient 5ieD o,
BA*esB 3Yu*as4 '
Indian and Gree:
andramas
:Candrames;
*uddhist
Structures du#
u0 in *ami"an
'e&e.o*men( o5
Smri(is 1durin"
rei"n o5
!ushyami(ra3
SangataD
Somas&arman
0a*adhan <in*
$ramati
Sena0ati
Push"amitra
*aim4i.a
Continued
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'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
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A Rgvedi!
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150 *2C232 Bharata 0uni <in* <u6ira:a *rhadratha ,evavarman
125 *2C232 S&atad&anvan
100 *2C232
75 *2C232 !ar&asan"rahakara
50 *2C232
25 *2C232
Yo*a
Chronolo*y
Hindu Sense o$
Histor" )Ba"u
Purana,
%eities o$
&ncient
Palestine
Ch" Stud"
Histor"/
Guhade+a
3Guhas+amin4
0ahama1uri
teHt
Indo'Euro)ean
Trade
Timeline
Readme
;eDish
Christian
history
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
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0 /i(y o5 MuPiris
25 C232
50 C232
75 C232
100 C232
125 C232
Yeheshua 6en
Youse,
Ori*in o,
N;esus in
<ashmirN
0yth
0aryBs
Hus6ands
Roman laD
6ased on Indo
Euro)ean KaD
?ule =ri#ins,
7ore, 7e#ends,
and Customs
Ar%haeo
E+iden%e o,
Ri*+edi% &lora 7
&auna
Andhra'Roman
Trade
=ncien( ,ndian
=dminis(ra(ion
Pla"ri#ht
*hasa
5ushan
Inscri0tions o$
the term
B0ahara1aB
3arl"
%emocrac"J
!e0u4licanism
,ncri*(ions o5
o(ami*u(ra
Sa(akarni and
!u.umayi
Cari and
*atesar
mentioned 4"
Ptolem"
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
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A Rgvedi!
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150 C232
175 C232
200 C232
225 C232
250 C232 Is+ara <rsna Bhasa
275 C232
Girnar
Ins%ri)tion
HalaBs Gatha
(a)tasati
Ka:ulin
3Ka:ulisa4
;una*adh
Ins%ri)tion
Til)i
EH%a+ations
Ptolem">s
E%oun#aE
villa#e
History o,
Darshanas
0ytholo*y
surroundin*
Radha
E+olution o,
Radha
Kiterature
0emory o,
Em)eror Aso:a
BorroDin* ,rom
5edas to West
Histori%al
Christianity
+volution of
,eity -anes&
!ara Du0ta
Period &rti$act
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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Mis!. ,ynasties
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300 C232
325 C232 <a)ardi
350 C232
375 C232
800 C232 $an%atantra
825 C232 Parnadatta
AHum
3Ethio)ia4
E+olution o,
5ishnu
Christian
5e*etarianism
History o,
Ganesh
'ri4al =ri#ins
o$ Danesh
%eit"
Geneti%
FIndiannessG
?6D&
C=NF6SI=N
Iron )illar
ins%ri)tion
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
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850 C232 akra'alita *hatra.a
875 C232 Guhanandi *hartrhari
500 C232 Arya6hatta I 0um6ai Ca+es
525 C232 Toramana <in* Hastin
550 C232 0ihira:ula *rhat Samhita Al+ars
575 C232 Ea(u"kon 'harasena ,,
;una*adh Ro%:
Ins%ri)tion o,
(:anda*u)ta
=rabian Moon
'ei(y his(ory
S.anda Du0ta
Co00er-0late
Inscri0tion
Dinna
3IndiaBs
0i%helan*elo4
Ara6ian
$olytheism
(aitra.a
%"nast" o$
Surashtra
Chronolo*y o,
the $uranas
Roman reli%s
,ound near
Ele)hanta
Timeline
Readme
Dil#it
(anuscri0t
)San#ahata-
Sutra,
%ha(arka#
'harasena
A%harya
Hari*u)ta
(il: Road
We6site
<ali Yu*a
Ori*ins
Roman reli%s
,ound near
Ele)hanta
0ahara1a
(am:so6ha
/o**er*.a(e
,nscri*(ion
'ronasimha#
'hru&asena
History o,
A*raDal ;ains
Pand"a
%"nast"
'hara*a((a#
uhasena
=uraysh Tri6e
3Hashim Clan4
Pre-Islamic
im0ortance o$
5aa4a *lac.
Stone
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
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100 C232 <a6ah 6elie,s Go6ar Ganesh
125 C232
150 C232 <ha1uraho A))ar (am6andar Badami Addyota:ara
175 C232 Mara&arman I-'sin#
700 C232 Si.adi(ya )
725 C232 0andana 0isra Aajasimha , =ueen 5asata Anan*)al Si.adi(ya ),
(uhammad
histor"
Mara&arman
a&anisu.amani
E+olution o,
Ganesh
Sir0ur - *i##er
than Nalanda
A))earan%e o,
;eDish
)ro)hets@
Si.adi(ya ,#
Ehara"raha ,
Blue De)osit
3Ko%al
Historians4
Ra"d i4n 'ha4it
1com*i.ed
Huran3
?a(a&arman
se.iyan sendan
Em)eror
Harsha
3<ashmir
Historians4
$ra6ha:ara
0isra
<in*s
%ontem)orary
to Em)eror
Harsha
Harsha%harita
o, Bana6hatta
'harasena ,,,#
'hru&asena ,,
Indian Science
in China
=rikesari
*ara"kucan
'harasena ,)#
'hru&asena ,,,#
Ehara"raha ,,
<umarila
Bhatta
<umarila
Bhatta
0edie+al Wars
in (outh India
Datin* o,
(am6andar
0emory o,
D+ara:a &lood
Si.adi(ya ,,#
Si.adi(ya ,,,#
Si.adiya ,)
Bharu%i
3Bhaaru%hi4
Ba))a
o+erthroD o,
0oris 30oriyas4
Eocca(aiyan
rana(hiran
Histor" o$ the
'amil *ha.ti
(ovement
An%ient 5ishnu
idol ,ound in
Russia
E+olution o,
Delhi
Tomar Dynasty
3Delhi4
Fall o$ %e4al
)%evala"a,,
Sindh
Cha)as
Dynasty o,
Western India
Tomar Dynasti%
Kist
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
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750 C232 Hari6hadra (uri Antal 3Goda4 Tirumular )anaraja &00ar 5asude+ Si.adi(ya ),,
775 C232 Adyotana (uri *hatra.a
;00 C232 Aajasimha ,, -o"araja ;aide+
;25 C232 '&araka )ara"una , (ures+ara Ananda Giri 5ir)al
;50 C232 Esemaraja Adhereh ammal+ar
;75 C232 atha 0uni 5i1ay 0edatithi
!aran(aka
Ne(ujea(aiyan
5i?hin1am &ort
3<erala4
Sadya"si&acarya#
Sadasi&acarya
Gan*#
$rith+imal
$re'(han:aran
Commentators
?adava
%"nast" o$
South India
(am6andhar
;nana
0is% History o,
Delhi
San.aracar"a
%ate
5in#
%haram0al
)Hardar,
5a%as)ati
0isra
(hi+a*u)ta
3Indian
0issionary4
&4u 6mar
9ahiA
1%asra# ,raO3
Srimara
si&a..a*an# Maya
!andya
<in* Balade+a
3Indonesia4
5in#
(ahendra0ala
1S or 22
sucessors
Bahu6ali
statues
dis%o+ered
)ara"una ,,#
!aran(aka
)iranarayanan
Chera Dynasty
notes
Continued
JJJJJJJ
'(
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
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:00 C232 Is+ara 0uni Aajasimha ,, %huyada The Great Trio Ane:
:25 C232 )irasimha Ri:sh)al
:50 C232 0edhatithi )ira !andya Adayana Aajnadi(ya (u:h)al# Go)al
:75 C232 Eri% the Red Saman(asimha (ala:sh)al %harmadeva
1000 C232 Kei, Erri%son &l *iruni ;ai)al
1025 C232 0unasara teHt !amanu+a <unDar)al
&ncient 'em0le
6nearthed
Histori%al
Ori*in o, <al:i@
Tri6al Ori*in o,
many Hindu
Deities
=ri#in o$
Conce0t o$
Danesh ritin#
(*H
Histori%al
re,eren%es to
Rama
India
%oloni?in*
other nations
<ama:hya
:3ez'ur grant of
9anamala;
0ahendra)ala
II Ins%ri)tions
Ein" ?ai*a.
Shahiya
1=5"hanis(an3
Hindu 5in#s o$
&$#hanistan
9alala4ad
)Na#arhara,
Keadin* Tri6es
o, $un1a6
Shravan4el#ola
Inscri0tion
G(her !andya
kin"sB
Duido d>&reAAo
)Indian Sheet
(usic,
Islami?ation o,
Greater India
Chinese
0il#rims
Remains o,
;ain Tem)le
Additional
otes on
Ramanu1a
=nan(anarayana
'ikshi(a
Continued
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7inea#es
(isc2
7inea#es
(isc2
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1050 C232 %hi..ama ) Bhas:ara Anan*)al II
1075 C232 Gora:hnatha <uresa 0ita:sara 5i1ay)al
1100 C232 ?ai(u""i , 0ahi)al
1125 C232
1150 C232 Sim"hana Basa+a 4ai.ama A::a 0ahade+i ?ayade&a
1175 C232 ?ai(u""i , Gan*esa Audra Te1)al
G(her !andya
kin"sB
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sutradhara
teHts
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1AamanujaCs
ne*hew3
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1jayasimha3
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3litist (uslim
7an#ua#e
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Continued
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1375 C232 o(her kin"sB History o, GOA
1800 C232 Andhra E)i% o(her kin"sB
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1850 C232 5idya)ati
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1100 *2C232
1075 *2C232
1050 *2C232
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1000 *2C232
5:75 *2C232
5:50 *2C232
5:25 *2C232
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Continued
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Continued
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(andala 8
Com0osers
)=made&a
au(ama
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
2;50 *2C232
2;25 *2C232
2;00 *2C232
2775 *2C232
Pratardana 2750 *2C232
2725 *2C232
!urum,$ha
Sauho(ra
'hirthan.aras
Chronolo#"-
=jam,$ha
Sauho(ra
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
2700 *2C232
2175 *2C232
2150 *2C232
2125 *2C232
2100 *2C232
2575 *2C232
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
2550 *2C232
2525 *2C232
2500 *2C232
2875 *2C232
2850 *2C232
2825 *2C232
(ans:rit does
not eMual
De+ana*ari
(%ri)t
$urohit
5asistha
(atyaha+ya
5in# &t"arati
9anamta0i
1@((ara Euru3
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
2800 *2C232
2375 *2C232
2350 *2C232
2325 *2C232
2300 *2C232
2275 *2C232
,dhma&=ha
'=r$hacyu(a#
NAmedha =n"iras#
!riyamedha =.#
%indu =N"iras
=y=sya =n"iras#
Ea&i %h=r"a&a#
@ca(hya =.#
=&a(s=ra E=Sya*a
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
2250 *2C232
2225 *2C232
2200 *2C232 60aveshi
2175 *2C232 Bats"a
2150 *2C232 1o3!u.as(ya
2125 *2C232 )aisra&ana
)a(sa*r,
%h=.andana# AeNu
)aiS&=mi(ra#
ASabha ).
!raj=*a(i )acya#
)ena %h=r"a&a# =(ri
%hauma
'ura
5avashe"a
Nodh=s au(ama#
EaN&a haura#
!raskaN&a E=N&a
EarNaSru(
)=siS4ha# MA$,ka
)=siS4ha# )sukra
)=siS4ha
-ay=(, N=huSa#
NahuSa# Mana&a#
Manu Sam&araNa
/akSu M=na&a#
Manu =*sa&a#
Sa*(aASis
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
2100 *2C232 Na.akubara
2075 *2C232
2050 *2C232
2025 *2C232
2000 *2C232
1:75 *2C232
4rasadasyu
!auruku(sa#
=n=na(a
!arucche*i# SiSu
=n"iras
Transmission
o, 5edi%
Culture West
arsin*di
Ar%haeo (ite
3Ben*al4
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
1:50 *2C232
1:25 *2C232
1:00 *2C232
1;75 *2C232
1;50 *2C232
0aitri 1;25 *2C232
Rshi (umedhas
30anyaP
0andara4
0andarya
A+estan names
in KATE R5
$eriod
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
5a1ashra+as 1;00 *2C232
(handilya 1775 *2C232 60aveshi
1750 *2C232 Bats"a
1725 *2C232
?a+naval."a 1700 *2C232 Sha.al"a
San+ivi0utra 1175 *2C232
'ura
5avashe"a
!ama"anaJ
(aha4harata
'ransition
&r"an Invasion
as cause o$
&4rahamic
(i#ration/
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
'ittiris 1150 *2C232
1125 *2C232
1100 *2C232
1575 *2C232
?a(ukarna 1550 *2C232
1525 *2C232
)ida"dha
Shaaka.ya
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
1500 *2C232
1875 *2C232
1850 *2C232
1825 *2C232
Bodhayana 1800 *2C232 !ai.a Aishi
Addha+a 1375 *2C232
*rass Chariot
0art in %vara.a
Hara))an I
Brahmi (%ri)t
Continuity
&stronomical
%atin# o$ (*H
(e%ret (er+i%e
in An%ient India
(*H Position
in Indian
Histor"
Hittite .in#
Su00iluliumas
5yasa
35yasade+a4
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
1350 *2C232 9aimini I
1325 *2C232
1300 *2C232 Aomaharshana
1275 *2C232
1250 *2C232
1225 *2C232
(*H citation o$
Sarasvati !iver
dessication
Ma&a2&arata
3ri2es
Sumantu (uni
&n#ira
Ar%haeo
E+iden%e ,or
0BH
No(es re"ardin"
.is(
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
1200 *2C232
1175 *2C232
1150 *2C232
1125 *2C232
1100 *2C232
1075 *2C232
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
1050 *2C232
1025 *2C232
1000 *2C232
:75 *2C232
:50 *2C232
:25 *2C232
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
:00 *2C232
;75 *2C232
;50 *2C232
;25 *2C232
;00 *2C232
775 *2C232
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
750 *2C232
725 *2C232
700 *2C232
175 *2C232
150 *2C232
a*a Cities 125 *2C232
10 Dreat
Pre-*uddha
(en
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
100 *2C232
Im0erial Period - *uddhism and &sho.a Im0erial Period - *uddhism and &sho.a
575 *2C232 Sudharma
550 *2C232 ?ambu
525 *2C232 !rabha&a
500 *2C232 Sayyambha&a
Ne0alese 3ras- 875 *2C232 -ashobhadra
Shvetam4ara
9aina Ponti$$
7ist
S(ories 5rom
%uddha
Buddhist
re,eren%es to
0aha6harata>
Yudhishthira
re,eren%e in
early Buddhism
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
850 *2C232 Sambhu(a&ijaya
825 *2C232
800 *2C232
Maurya Frigins 375 *2C232
350 *2C232 %hadrabahu
325 *2C232 S(hu.abhadra
*an#ladesh
&rchaeo !uins
$otential Gita
Ori*ins
Pann s"stem o$
music
Notes on
Chandra#u0ta
(aur"a
Durdhara
3Diodara4
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Bindusara 300 *2C232 Maha"iri
275 *2C232 Suhas(i
250 *2C232 Sus(hi(a
225 *2C232 ,ndra
200 *2C232 'inna
175 *2C232 Sinha"iri
Em)eror
Aso:aBs $ala%e
Datin* o,
Em)eror Aso:a
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
150 *2C232 )ajra
125 *2C232 )ajrasena
100 *2C232
75 *2C232 /handra
50 *2C232 Saman(abhadra
25 *2C232 )riddhade&a
;aina A1aran*a
(utra
<in* De+ $al
De+ %onMuer
Kan:a
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
0 !radyo(ana
25 C232 Manade&a
50 C232 Mana(un"a
75 C232 )ira ,,
?u#a 7en#th 100 C232 ?ayade&a
125 C232
Ka%: o,
histori%ity o,
;esus
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
150 C232 'e&ananda
175 C232 )ikram
200 C232 Narasinha
225 C232
Bedic !enaisance Period - Du0tas and Pallavas Bedic !enaisance Period - Du0tas and Pallavas
250 C232 Samudra
275 C232 Manade&a
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
300 C232 )i&udha*rabha
325 C232 ?ayananda
9engi'ura 350 C232 Aa&i*rabha
375 C232 -asobhadra
800 C232 )ima.acandra
825 C232 'e&a
7iterar"
!e$erences to
!ama
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
850 C232 Nemichandra
875 C232 @dyo(ana
500 C232
525 C232 )ardhamana
550 C232
575 C232
0ahara1a
(ar+anatha
/o**er*.a(e
,nscri*(ion
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
100 C232 ?ines&ara
Ammul &adl 125 C232
150 C232
175 C232 ?inachandra
700 C232
725 C232
Annihilation o,
An%ient
Ara6ian
Reli*ions
(amoli
ins%ri)tion
Inter'Caste
0arria*es
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
750 C232 =bhayade&a
Adyotanasuri 775 C232
;00 C232
Nannuka ;25 C232 ?ina&a..abha
)ak*a(i ;50 C232
;75 C232
0itaDali (hi+a
Tem)le
*undel.hand
Chandella
%"nast"
?ayasak(i#
)ijayasak(i
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Aahi.a :00 C232
>arsha :25 C232
-aso&arman :50 C232
'han"a :75 C232
1000 C232
)ijaya*a.ade&a 1025 C232
anda#
)idyadharade&a
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
'e&a&armade&a 1050 C232
Eir(i&armade&a 1075 C232
1100 C232
1125 C232 ?inada((a
Islamic Period - Sultanates and (o#huls )E'he %ar. &#esE o$ Hinduism, Islamic Period - Sultanates and (o#huls )E'he %ar. &#esE o$ Hinduism,
!aramardide&a 1175 C232
Sa..aksana2
&arman
?aya&armade&a#
!ri(hi&i&arma2
de&a
Madana&arma2
de&a#
-aso&arman ,,
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
1200 C232 ?ina*a(i
1225 C232 ?ines&ara
1250 C232
1275 C232
1300 C232 ?ina*rabodha
1325 C232
Misc .a(er kin"s
(i.. 1310 /0
Misc .a(er kin"s
(i.. 1310 /0
Misc .a(er kin"s
(i.. 1310 /0
Misc .a(er kin"s
(i.. 1310 /0
Misc .a(er kin"s
(i.. 1310 /0
?ainchandra#
?ainkusa.a
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
1350 C232
Yaduraya 1375 C232 ?inachandra
1800 C232 ?inodaya
1825 C232 ?inodaya
1850 C232 ?inabhadra
Wodeyar
Dynasty
30ysore4
?ina*adma#
?ina.abdhi
Hiriya Bettada
Chamara1a
Wodeyar
Thimmara1a
Wodeyar
Hiriya
Chamara1a
Wodeyar
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
1500 C232
1525 C232 ?inasamudra
1550 C232 ?inahansa
1575 C232 ?inamanikya
1100 C232
Hiriya Bettada
Chamara1a
Wodeyar II
Thimmara1a
Wodeyar
Bola Chamara1a
Wodeyar# Bettada
Chamara1a
Wodeyar III
0ummadi
<rishnara1a
Wodeyar
Chamara1a
Wodeyar# Ra1a
Wodeyar II
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
1150 C232 ?inasinha
1175 C232 ?inaraja
1700 C232 ?inara(na
(odern Period - *ritish 3ra and Inde0endence (odern Period - *ritish 3ra and Inde0endence
1750 C232 ?inasaukh&a
1775 C232 ?inabhak(i
Ranadhira
<antira+a
arasara1a
Wodeyar# Dodda
De+ara1a Wodeyar
Chi::a
De+ara1a
Wodeyar
<antira+a
arasara1a
Wodeyar
Dodda <rishnara1a
Wodeyar#
Chamara1a
Wodeyar
<rishnara1a
Wodeyar II
Nanjaraja Lodeyar#
%e((ada /hamaraja
Lodeyar# Ehasa
/hamaraja Lodeyar
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
1;00 C232 ?ina.ubha
1;25 C232 ?inachandra
1;50 C232 ?inaharsha
1;75 C232
1:00 C232
1:25 C232 Chinmoy
$rin%e
<rishnara1a
Wodeyar III
<rishnara1a
Wodeyar I5
Dhonde
<esha+ <ar+e
Gan*anatha
;ha
Tri6al &reedom
&i*hters
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis! $otes 1:50 C232
1:75 C232
2000 C232
2025 C232
2050 C232
Bhimrao Ram1i
Am6ed:ar
(Dami
0u:tananda
;aya%hamara1a
Wodeyar
&nti-India
'errorism
Reli*ious
Demo*ra)hi%
War
?u#a &#es -
(odern &#es
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Continued
JJJJJJJ
(isc2
7inea#es
'(
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
Mis!. ,ynasties
A Rgvedi!
Ris&is
'he Histor" o$ Corld !eli#ions-
O+er+ieD ''J
?3&!-
1;88 C3
PPP
*ahai>ism
@@@
2
1517 C3
1870 C3
PPP
Si.hism
@@@
;25 C3 1
1;0 C3 Islam s0lits
130 C3 M Islam
850 C3
300 C3
250 C3 4 (anicheism
*i4le 'eOt
30 C3 3 Christianit"
100 *C3 Hol" 'rinit"
@@@ @@@
500 *C3 9eish 3Oile Con$ucianism M
5 Cestern
!eli#ions
2 Inte#rated
!eli#ions
5 3astern
!eli#ions
Protestant
!e$ormation
'ulsidas adds to
Hinduism ith
Hindi 7iterature
&dishan.ara
re$orms
Hinduism
*uddhist >Ren>
ta.en to China
!oman 3m0ire
4ecomes
Christian 3m0ire
!oman
!eli#ion
)(ithraism, P
3ssenes <
'hera0euts
*uddhist
(issionaries
525 *C3 Creation 'eOt 'aoism 4
550 *C3 2#3
;00 *C3 7ater Hinduism
:50 *C3 9es enter India
1800 *C3 9eish 3Oodus (aha4harat Car
1700 *C3 2
1710 *C3 &r"ans in *a4"lon
1;00 *C3 1 Rarathushtra
2100 *C3 !ama"ana 30ic
2200 *C3 Sa#e (anu
2:00 *C3 %ashara+n"a Car
3000 *C3
@@@
Priest S0lit
PPP
3200 *C3 3arl" Hinduism
3500 *C3 Bedas
8000 *C3 3arl" Bedas 1
Roroastrianism
in Persia
*uddhism,
9ainism
9udaism $ounded
4" &4raham )o$ 6r,
(eso0otamia,
Persian &r"ans
orshi0 >&hura> and
have >Hoama>
Ceremon"
Indian &r"ans
orshi0 >%evas> and
have >Soma>
Ceremon"
5000 to
10000 *C3
3arl" SSC
4elie$s
Pre-Histor"
)SSC H Sa0ta-Saindvah CiviliAation,
3arl" tri4al
4elie$s
C=(P&!IS=N =F %IFF3!3N' !37IDI=NSJ%H&!(&S-
S"stem
Po0ulation 'heistic Practice
%harma 1% 'own M00 /.0. None None
%harma 100M @* 4000 %./.0. )edas None None
Raroastrianism !eli#ion 1M 'own 1S00 %./.0. Mono(heis(ic None None
*uddhism %harma 1.M% $e&e. 600 %./.0. 'hamma*ada None None
9ainism %harma 20M 'own 6M0 %./.0. =karan"a Su(ra None None
9udaism !eli#ion 40M 'own 1600 %./.0. None ?erusa.em None
Christianit" !eli#ion 2% $e&e. 30 /.0. %ib.e ?erusa.em
Islam !eli#ion 2% @* 6M0 /.0. Huran Mecca# Medina ?erusa.em
Si.hism %harma 2MM @* 14M0 /.0. Mono(heis(ic =mri(sar None Eha.sa 2 =mri(sar
*ahai>ism !eli#ion 6MZ @* 1SM0 /.0. Mono(heis(ic Hi(ab , =Odas None >ai5a# ,srae. None
Con$ucianismZ [%harma 1% 'own MM0 %./.0. =(heis(ic /on5ucian /anon None None
'aoismZ [%harma 600M 'own 640 %./.0. =(heis(ic 4ao (e /hin" None None
OTE(>
V Te%hni%ally# Con,u%ianism and Taoism are not reli*ionsP 6ut listed here ,or in,ormational )ur)oses.
A *reat sour%e ,or in,ormation a6out these ma1or reli*ions is the De6site> DDD.ishDar.%om
An%ient Hinduism is listed se)arately ,rom 0odern Hinduism 6e%ause the reli*ions are nearly diametri%ally o))osed to ea%h other.
Pol"theism- 'he 4elie$ in man" #ods
&theism- 'he 4elie$ that Dod doesn>t eOist (odern de$inition o$ Hinduism )too com0leO,
!eli#ion or
%harma/
Droth
'rend
Chen
Founded/
Central Hol"
*oo.
3Oclusive Hol"
Cities
Shared Hol"
Cities
Central
&dministration
(odern
>Hindu-ism>
!o.y(heis(ic
1Monis( in rea.i(y3
None 1some use
%ha"a&ad i(a: in
5u(ure wi.. be
'>=AM= )0'=
Easi# =yodhya#
Ma(hura# e(c.
&ncient
Sanathana
%harma
Mono(heis(ic
1Monis( in rea.i(y3
Easi# =yodhya#
Madhu*ura
1Ma(hura3# Z
cend =&es(a
1a(has3
-aPd# !asar"ade#
!erse*o.is# Eernan#
4ehran
=(heis(ic
1Monis( in rea.i(y3
%odh aya# Aaj"ir#
Ea*i.a&as(u# Sarana(h
=(heis(ic
1Monis( in rea.i(y3
!a.i(ana#
Eashi/)aranasi#
!arasna(h#e(c.
Mono(heis(ic 1ori"ina..y
!o.y(heis(ic3
4anakh 14orah#
Ne&iim# Ee(u&im3
Mono(heis(ic
1a.mos( !o.y(heis(ic in
*rac(ice3
%e(h.ehem#
)a(ican /i(y
)a(ican /i(y
1/a(ho.icism3
Mono(heis(ic
1ori"ina..y !o.y(heis(ic3
None 1*re&: Ea.i*h
sys(em3
uru ran(h
Sahib
Nanjin" F Lu7i#
/hina
?inhua F
uan"don"# /hina
(onism- 'he 4elie$ that Eall is oneE
(onotheism- 'he 4elie$ in one Dod Correct de$inition o$ Sanathana %harma )Hinduism, - ver" sim0le
None +.e7ib.e NG NG -0S NG
None Aama# Erishna +.e7ib.e -0S NG NG NG
cara(hush(ra cara(hush(ra Ai"id -0S NG NG NG
+.e7ib.e -0S NG -0S NG
Maha&ira Maha&ira +.e7ib.e -0S NG -0S NG
=braham =braham# Moses ?erusa.em Ai"id NG -0S -0S -0S
-ahCshua 1?esus3 ?erusa.em Ai"id -0S NG NG Some(imes
Muhammad Mecca# Medina Ai"id -0S -0S -0S -0S
uru Nanak uru Nanak =mri(sar Ai"id -0S -0S NG NG
%ahaCu..ah >ai5a# ,srae. +.e7ib.e -0S NG NG NG
Eun" +u24Pe Eun" +u24Pe +.e7ib.e NG NG NG NG
$ao 4Pe $ao 4Pe +.e7ib.e NG NG NG NG
Founder o$
!eli#ion
Pro0hets J
Incarnations o$
Dod
Pil#rimma#e
Sites
!i#id or
FleOi4le/
Practice
Proscel"tiAation
S0ecial Clothin#
!eKuirements/
S0ecial %ietar"
!eKuirements/
(andate Denital
(utilation/
Aama# Erishna#
%uddha
Easi# =yodhya#
Ma(hura# e(c.
Easi# =yodhya#
Madhu*ura
1Ma(hura3# Z
-aPd# !asar"ade#
!erse*o.is
au(am
Siddhar(ha
au(am
Siddhar(ha
%odh aya# Aaj"ir#
Ea*i.a&as(u# Sarana(h
!a.i(ana#
Eashi/)aranasi#
!arasna(h#e(c.
-ahshua#
=braham
Muhammad#
-ahshua#
=braham
Many 5rom many
5ai(hs
Nanjin" F Lu7i#
/hina
?inhua F
uan"don"# /hina
=rientation/
!eli#ion
Ae.a(i&is( @ni(y -0S
4rium*han(is( @ni(y -0S
4rium*han(is( 'ua.i(y NG Raroastrianism
Ae.a(i&is( @ni(y -0S *uddhism
Ae.a(i&is( @ni(y -0S 9ainism
4rium*han(is( 'ua.i(y NG 9udaism
4rium*han(is( 'ua.i(y NG Christianit"
4rium*han(is( 'ua.i(y NG Islam
4rium*han(is( 'ua.i(y NG Si.hism
4rium*han(is( 'ua.i(y NG *ahai>ism
Ae.a(i&is( 'ua.i(y -0S Con$ucianismZ
Ae.a(i&is( 'ua.i(y -0S 'aoismZ
!elationshi0 o$
man to Dod-
*elie$ in
!eincarnation
(odern
Hinduism
&ncient
Sanathana
%harma
F3S'IB&7S =F IN%I&-
No2 %ate Festival !eli#ion
1 12?an New -earCs 'ay =$$
2 142?an Makar Sakran(i >induism
3 ?anuary Ae*ub.ic 'ay =$$
4 ?an 20Z !on"a. >induism
M 242?an Mauni =ma&asya >induism
6 ?an. 62+eb 21 5um4h (ela >induism
N ?an/+eb )asan( !anchami >induism
S +eb 2MZ >ajj ,s.am
6 +eb/March Maha Shi&aAa(ri >induism
10 March Holi >induism
11 March Maw.id an Nabi ,s.am
12 March/=*ri. Aam Na&ami >induism
13 =*ri. 0as(er /hris(iani(y
14 =*ri. %aisakhi
1M =*ri./May Maha&ir ?ayan(i ?ainism
16 ?une anesh /ha(ur(hi >induism
1N ?u.y/=u"us( uru !urnima >induism
1S 42=u" >induism
16 =u"us( Erishna ?anmash(ami >induism
20 1M2=u" Inde0endence %a" =$$
21 212=u" !arsi New -ear caroas(rianism
22 Se*(ember %uddha ?ayan(i %uddhism
23 Gc(ober Na&Aa(ri >induism
24 Gc(ober ,d2u.2+i(r ,s.am
2M Gc(ober >induism
26 Gc(ober >induism
Sikhism/
>induism
!a.hi
)!a.sha
*andan,
5arva-Chauth
)5araachauth,
%ushehra
)%assera,
2N Gc(/No& >induism
2S No&ember uru Nanak ?ayan(i Sikhism
26 'ec. 2M /hris(mas /hris(iani(y
30 'ec. 2NZ ,d2u.2=dha 1Muharram3 ,s.am
%iali
)%ee0a-Bali,
F3S'IB&7S =F IN%I&-
Si#ni$icance
,n(erna(iona. New -earCs 'ay.
+es(i&a. o5 ,ndia 1Na(iona. !ride 'ay3
Sma..er &ersion o5 Eumbh Me.a 1see be.ow3.
!i."rima"e Mus.ims (ake a( .eas( once in (heir .i5e (o Mecca# Saudia =rabia.
4his 5es(i&a.s coincides wi(h (he SunCs nor(hward journey 1@((arayan3 when i( en(ers (he si"n o5 Makar
1/a*ricorn3. 4his as(ro.o"ica. day has been considered as "ood .uck since (he ad&en( o5 (he =ryans in ,ndia.
'urin" (he Mahabhara( Lar# %hisma su**osed.y wai(ed un(i. (his day (o die. $e"end has i( (ha( anyone who
dies on (his day esca*es (he cyc.e o5 bir(h and dea(h. Many *eo*.e share sesame swee(s on (his day.
= 'ra&idian 5es(i&a. o5 S*rin" ce.ebra(ed in 4ami. Nadu a5(er (he win(er so.s(ice. 4his is a 3 day 5es(i&a. o5
*rayer wi(h (he 4(h day 5or ou(door ac(i&i(ies. !eo*.e ea( a s*ecia. C*uddin"C o5 boi.ed mi.k# rice# da.# nu(s and
sa55ron.
$ar"es( re.i"ious "a(herin" on 0ar(h 130 mi..ionZ *eo*.e3. 0&ery 12 years# >indus 5rom a.. o&er (he wor.d come
(o (he (own o5 =..ahabad 1!raya"3 a( (he con5.uence o5 (he an"a and -amuna Ai&ers 5or 42 days. 4he
*ur*ose o5 (his "rea( "a(herin" is (o share know.ed"e and (ake a *uri5yin" swim 1%a*(ism3 in (he wa(ers.
Eumbha Me.a 2 5es(i&a. o5 =Ouarius 1me.aT5es(i&a. and .um4haHsacred 0itcher hich is the Rodiacal
s"m4ol o$ the si#n &Kuarius3. 4his 5es(i&a. (akes *.ace e&ery (ime (he sun s(ands in =Ouarius 1e&ery 3 years
wi(h a major or Maha Eumbha Me.a e&ery 12 years3.
4his is a S*rin" +es(i&a. 1)asan( !anchami means M(h day o5 S*rin"3. Saraswa(i 1eOui&a.en( (o (he
reek/Aoman "od: Miner&a3 is worshi**ed and *eo*.e decora(e wi(h ye..ow co.ors since ye..ow 5.owers b.oom
in S*rin".
Lorshi* o5 Shi&a 2 *ar( o5 >o.y 4rini(y. ,( is be.ie&ed (ha( in (he *as(# on an e&enin" durin" (his (ime o5 year#
Shi&a showed himse.5 (o (he wor.d. !eo*.e 5as( durin" (he day and *ray (o od a( (his (ime (o re.ie&e
(hemse.&es o5 sins commi((ed in (he *as( 3 .i&es. 4he main *.ace (his 5es(i&a. occurs is a( one o5 (he 12
?yo(ir$in"as 2 in @jjain 1=&an(i3. d See No(es be.ow.
4he 5es(i&a. o5 S*rin" where e&eryone "oes ou( in(o (he s(ree(s and "e(s each o(her co.ored wi(h bri"h(.y
co.ored *owders 1"rains3. !eo*.e *.ay joy5u..y wi(h co.oured wa(er and e&erywhere one hears (he shou(s o5
K>o.i2hoe >o.i2hoeK !eo*.e s(and in (he s(ree(s and *um* co.oured wa(er o&er (he body and c.o(hes o5 any man
who *asses by# be he a rich man or an o55icer. 4here is no res(ric(ion on (his day. ,( is .ike (he =*ri. +oo. day o5
(he 0uro*eans. !eo*.e com*ose and sin" s*ecia. >o.i son"s.
Muhammad9s %ir(hday. o (o h((*://www.ho.iday5es(i&a..com/,s.am.h(m. (o see how (he Mus.im /a.endar
com*ares (o (he s(andard re"orian /a.endar.
Aesurrec(ion 1risin" 5rom (he dead back (o .i5e3 o5 ?esus.
%ir(h o5 5ounder o5 ?ainism f Maha&ir.
+es(i&a. ce.ebra(in" (he bir(h o5 !rince/$ord Erishna 1(his shou.d 5a.. abou( S days a5(er Aaksha %andan3.
,nde*endence o5 ,ndia 5rom %ri(ain on =u"us( 1M(h# 164N.
caroas(rian 1C!arsiC3 New -ear.
%ir(h o5 au(ama Siddhar(ha f 4he %uddha.
/e.ebra(ion o5 (he bir(h o5 Ein"/$ord Aama. 4he nob.es( .esson embodied in (he Aamayana is (he su*reme
im*or(ance o5 ri"h(eousness in (he .i5e o5 e&ery human bein". Ai"h(eousness is (he s*iri(ua. s*ark o5 .i5e.
/u.(i&a(ion o5 ri"h(eousness is (he *rocess o5 un5o.dmen( o5 (he .a(en( di&ini(y in man. 4he ".orious incarna(ion
o5 (he Su*reme %ein" in (he 5orm o5 $ord Aama has e7em*.i5ied (he *a(h o5 ri"h(eousness. $e( mankind 5o..ow
>is 5oo(s(e*s and *rac(ise (he idea.s cherished by >im# 5or i( is on.y (hus (ha( (here can be e&er.as(in" *eace#
*ros*eri(y and we.5are in (his wor.d.
,( was on (his day (ha( (he .as( uru obind Sin"h or"anised (he sikhs in(o Eha.sa or (he *ure ones. %y doin"
so# he e.imina(ed (he di55erences o5 hi"h and .ow and es(ab.ished (ha( a.. human bein"s were eOua.. +or
>indus# i( is (he s(ar( o5 (he new year# and is ce.ebra(ed wi(h reOuisi(e ba(hin"# *ar(yin"# and worshi**in".
>e is addressed as (he KAemo&er o5 Gbs(ac.esK 1K)i"nahar(aK3. >is de&o(ees be.ie&e (ha( no en(er*rise wi..
succeed un.ess he is in&oked. 4he *ic(ure o5 an*a(i is o5(en 5ound on (he doors o5 houses and *rin(ed on
weddin" cards. Gn (he occasion o5 (he an*a(i 5es(i&a. a .ar"e number o5 ima"es are made o5 a.. *ossib.e
siPes# and *eo*.e buy (hem (o kee* in (heir houses as a di&ine "ues( 5or one and a ha.5# 5i&e# se&en# or (en
days# a5(er which (he ima"e is (aken ou( ceremonious.y and (hrown in(o (he ri&er# sea or we.. 5or immersion or
K&isarjanK. Lhen he is immersed in (he wa(er# *eo*.e sin"# KC=N!=4, %=!!= MGA-=# =$0 %=A=S 4G
?=$', ==#K 1K5a(her an*a(i# ne7( year come a"ain.K3
Aemembrance o5 Sa"e )yasa 2 who edi(ed (he 4 )edas and wro(e 1S !uranas# (he Mahabhara( and (he
Srimad %ha"a&a(am.
4his 5es(i&a. 1A=E>, !@AN,M=3 which ori"ina(ed in )edic (imes ce.ebra(es (he bond be(ween bro(hers and
sis(ers. Sis(ers (ie a s(rin"/Aakhi around her bro(herCs wris( so (ha( he wi.. remember her. 4he am.e( is known
as a Aakshi 1Aaksha means K*ro(ec(ion K3 or Aakhi is (ied round (he wris( o5 bro(hers by (he sis(ers as a
*ro(ec(ion 5rom e&i. durin" (he ensuin" year. >e "i&es her a "i5( and she cooks him some(hin" swee(.
Lorshi* o5 oddess 'ur"a 5or 6 ni"h(s CNa&a Aa(riC 2 who (ook 6 a&a(ars 1incarna(ions3 and ki..ed 6 e&i. 5orces
1=suras3. 0ach day o5 Na&ra(ri is de&o(ed (o one a&a(ar. 4he 6 =&a(ars are described be.ow.
Marks (he end o5 5as(in" in (he mon(h o5 Aamadan and is ce.ebra(ed wi(h *ub.ic *rayers# 5eas(s and e7chan"e
o5 "i5(s.
Earawa /hau(h 14(h day o5 mon(h# Earawa3 2 women 5as( and *ray 5or (heir husbandCs .on" .i5e and (ha( (hey
may "e( (heir husbands a"ain in (he ne7( .i5e. 4hey break (he 5as( when (he see (he 5u.. moon.
'assera 1(he C10(hC day3 ce.ebra(es Ein" AamaCs de5ea( o5 (he e&i. Ein" o5 $anka# Aa&ana. !eo*.e burn .ar"e
e55i"ies o5 Aa&ana symbo.ica..y recrea(in" Ein" Aa&anaCs de5ea(.
uru Nanak9s %ir(h
,ndian New -ear: 'ee*a )a.i 1CAow o5 $am*sC3 is a ce.ebra(ion o5 Ein" AamaCs re(urn 5rom 14 years o5 e7i.e in
(he jun".es o5 ,ndia and Sri $anka back (o (he cand.e/.am*2.i( ci(y o5 =yodhya 2 (he ca*i(a. ci(y o5 his kin"dom.
4his is (he mos( im*or(an( ,ndian ho.iday in (he year.
/e.ebra(ion o5 bir(h o5 ?esus 1ac(ua..y a his(orica. combina(ion o5 (he ce.ebra(ion o5 ?esusCs bir(h wi(h (he
ancien( Aoman win(er eOuino7 5es(i&a.3.
= ce.ebra(ion a( (he end o5 (he 5as(in" mon(h o5 Aamadan (o commemora(e (he mar(yrdom o5 MuhammadCs
"randson# >ussein.

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