A-B

aasamen - being deluded (as Agamemnon admitting his self-delusion when taking
Briseis from Achilles)
achos - remorse
agathoi, agathos - people of superior social status or noble station
aidos, aidomai, aidestheis - shame leading one to treat others with respect due to
their status in the social world; fear of condemnation and disapproval of
one's social group
ainarete - the dreaded expression of arete or heroic excellence, leading to negative
consequences which fail to serve the community
aisa - doom (as in regard to Achilles doomed to a short life)
akedees - uncaring; also means not giving due burial
akos - the remedy for a situation
anax andron - lord of men (said of Agamemnon)
androphonoio - manslaughtering
anthos - to flower and bloom (applied to young men)
apotino- paying the penalty, as for a breach of a treaty, or paying a compensation,
as for a murder, so that one can regain acceptance to one's community
arete - excellence, virtue (within one's social context); being the best you can be;
also used to indicate courage and military prowess, derived from Ares
see also http://www.wsu.edu:8080/%7edee/GLOSSARY/ARETE.HTM
aristeia - excellence, prowess as a warrior
aristos - to be the best; a man of excellence
atasthaliai - recklessness, as in too extreme an obsession with personal glory
atimus, atimazo - without honor, treating someone dishonorably
atuzomoi - terrified, as in taking flight (men at war, Astyanax)
basileus - king
bie - violence; forceful power
C-G
charis - gratitude, kindness
charme - delight, especially delight in battle
cholos - anger, wrath
damazo - to subjugate or dominate (a woman, a city or people)
dike - justice
dios - brilliant (Odysseus in cleverness, Achilles in battle)
eleaire, eleeson, eleairo, eleos - pity (not our current usage of the word pity
in English, but also related to the source of the word, piety); a combination
of compassionate feeling and feeling related to virtue or moral obligation
(also related to oiktos or oiktiro)
enees - amiable (Patroclus)
epios - gentle (said of Patroclus, and at times, Priam); in Homeric times, one
generally seeks to be gentle when warranted with one's people, but
harsh with the enemy
eris - strife, often referred to as soul-destroying
esthlos - brave, noble
eubolia - excellent counsel (Odysseus, Nestor, Phoinix)
eugenes - of noble birth
fatum - fate, see also moira
gera - gifts of honor

H-L
hamartia - "missing the mark"; error in judgment
helot - slave, has no rights
hemitheoi - demigods
heros - live in die in pursuit of honor and glory
hippodamoi - tamers of horses (Hector, the Trojans)
hire - sacred
hubris - excess pride or arrogance, usually leading to ruin (a serious flaw in
Greek heroes); excess of pride which shows disrespect for gods and man
hupermoiran - seemingly beyond one's portion, acting in a way as if to seem
to transcend fate
ise moira - an equal portion of moira or fate
kakos - coward, base
kalon - noble; following the aristocratic agasthos standard of virtuous behavior
karteros - mighty
kedistui - bonds of close association (but not as close as philoi)
kemai - lie dead
ker - one's destined path
klea andron - famous deeds of heroes
kleos esthlon - noble glory
kleos - glory, often implying fame and immortality (in the memory of others),
achieved as a result of one's time (acts of excellence meriting honor)
kolpos - riverbed; also a woman's nurturing bosom
kratos - possessing higher social status
kredemna - battlements, also a woman's veil, emblem of her chastity
NOTE: The term kredemnon luesthai means both to sack a city and
to breach female chastity.
kudos - triumphant power or success resulting in glory, prestige and high rank
leistos - spoils or booty, as of war
M-P
makares - blessed
mechos - a device, mechanism or means
menie, menis - overpowering vengeful wrath, often more than human
menos - energy, strength
metis - cunning (Odysseus)
minunthadios - short-lived (said of Achilles)
moira - fate, or one's allotment in terms of fate (often portrayed as negative
in the Iliad, and associated with doom or death; dissimilar to western
conceptions of destiny); derived from Moira, the impersonal goddess
of destiny, as of Hesiod, considered to be the Moirae, the three Fates
(Clotho, Atropo and Lachesis);
see also http://www.watson.org/rivendell/dramagreekgods.html#Moirai
post-Homeric: http://vanaheim.princeton.edu/Myth/moirae.html
also http://www.ibc.wustl.edu/moirai/ling_yellow/fates.html
neikos - shame-based public rebuke
nemesis - the indignation of the gods, often resulting from humans asserting
themselves beyond their station (after Nemesis, the avenging goddess,
who expressed righteous anger toward the proud and insolent)
nemesetos, nemesseton - eager to anger; expressing indignation
nepios - acting like fool
oikos - household
oiktiro, oiktos - pity; see eleeson
okumoros - fated to have a short life
oloos - accursedly desteructive, usually applied to destructive forces of nature,
but applied here to Agamemnon when he steals Briseis from Achilles, and
Achilles after Patroclus' death
phaidimos - shining (Hector, Achilles)
phertoros - one who is more powerful
philos, philotes - friendship, used particularly to indicate family and friendship
ties with those of the same group, involving affection and usually implying
explicit or implicit expectations of reciprocity
philophrosune - friendly cooperation
pothe - desire or longing (the Greeks desiring that Achilles will return to action)
ptoliporthos - sacker of cities (Achilles, Odysseus)
podus okos OR poas tachus - swiftfooted (Achilles)
poine - payment, as compensation for death
polis - a social community or city-state, as Troy
see also http://www.wsu.edu:8080/%7edee/GLOSSARY/POLIS.HTM
polumetis - resourceful (Odysseus)
psuche - soul, wind-breath, life-breath, what makes a person alive (and no
longer exists after death)
R-Z
rechthentos - harm, leading to negative consequences
rheia - living easily (the gods in contrast to men)
sebas - shame; also revulsion, as against the enemy, for mutiliating corpses
tarchuo - to treat as one of the gods
tarchusousi - to solemnly bury, originally meaning to make a hero of someone,
to treat him as a god
thanatoio - one's portion of death
thumos - one's heart
time - honor; also meaning value, attributed to a person (as Achilles' time);
public acknowledgement of one's value/glory through awarding prizes;
acclaim for achieving excellence (arete) in battle, sport or council;
is often competitive; as in the Iliad, personal time can conflict with
the time of one's community
xenie, xeinios, xeinia - hospitality, related to the tie between guest and hosts,
and involving obligation and giving of gifts