CivicsandEconomicsMSLReviewGuide

Part1PrinciplesofAmericanDemocracy(Unit1)
Part1EssentialQuestion
Howdoesconflictleadtogovernmentchange?

Part1Concepts
Power
Government
Change
Conflict

Part1Vocabulary
1. TypesofGovernment&Enlightenment
Democracy(Direct/Representative)
Authoritarian(Monarchy,Dictatorship)
EnglishGovernment(RootsofUSDemocracy)
MagnaCarta
ConstitutionalMonarchy
Parliament
CommonLaw
EnglishBillofRights
Enlightenment
JohnLockeNaturalRights,purposeofgovernment
MontesquieuSeparationofPower(3Branches)
RousseauSocialContract
2. ColonialPeriod
Motivations
England=Wealth(cheaprawmaterials)
Colonists=FreedomReligious&Political,EconomicOpportunity
Colonies&Regions(Origin,Religion,Economy,Climate)
NewEngland
Middle
Southern
Mercantilism
SalutaryNeglect
HouseofBurgesses(RepresentativeDemocracy)
MayflowerCompact(DirectDemocracy)
3. RevolutionaryPeriod
French&IndianWarEndofSalutaryNeglect,longtermcauseofRevolution
TaxationExamplesoftaxespassedbyParliamentANDreactionsbycolonists
RestrictionofRightsExamplesoflawspassedbyParliament
1st&2ndContinentalCongress
ThomasPainesCommonSense
4. DeclarationofIndependence
ThomasJefferson
PurposeofGovernment(InfluencedbyJohnLocke)
Grievances
5. ArticlesofConfederation
1branchofGovernmentCongressVoting(1perstate)
WeakCentralGovernmentNopowertotax,enforcelaws,etc
StrongStateGovernments3Branches
Problems=Debt,France/England,ShaysRebellion
6. ConstitutionalConvention&RatificationoftheConstitution
GreatCompromise
VirginiaPlan(BigStates)
NewJerseyPlan(SmallStates)
3/5Compromise
ElectoralCollege
SlaveTrade&CommerceCompromise
BillofRights
FederalistsTheneedforastrongercentralgovernment.
AntiFederalistsFearstrongcentralgovernment,(BritishExperience),NeedforaBillofRights
7. ConstitutionalPrinciples
Flexibility
Amendments
Necessary&ProperClause
CourtDecisions(Loose&StrictInterpretation)**
PopularSovereignty
RuleofLaw
SeparationofPowers
Checks&Balances
Federalism
ExpressedPowers
ReservedPowers
ConcurrentPowers
SupremacyClause

Part1PracticeConstructedResponse(3PointQuestion)
TheUnitedStatesConstitutioncreatedagovernmentknownasFederalism.ExplainthesystemofFederalism
andexplainhowtheexperienceascoloniesunderBritishrule,andthe1stConstitutionTheArticlesof
ConfederationledtotheestablishmentofFederalism.

Part2Structure&FunctionofFederalism

Part2EssentialQuestion
Howdodemocraciesattempttobalancepower&authority?

Part2Concepts
Authority
Structure
Balance
Democracy

Part2Vocabulary
1. Federalism,SeparationofPower,Checks&Balances
Federalism
ExpressedPowers(define&examples)
ReservedPowers(define&examples)
ConcurrentPowers(define&examples)
SeparationofPower
LegislativeBranch(makethelaw)
ExecutiveBranch(enforcethelaw)
JudicialBranch(interpretthelaw)
Checks&Balances(define&examples)
2. FederalGovernment
3BranchesofGovernment(KnowforEach)
Purpose&Powers
Structure
Congress
Bicameral(2Houses),Representationineach
HowaBillBecomesaLaw
PowertoTax
Necessary&ProperClauseakaElasticClauseakaImpliedPowers
President
RolesofthePresident
Courts
SupremeCourtsize,qualifications
3LevelsofCourts
JudicialReviewMarburyv.Madison,InterprettheConstitution
SupremacyClause(SupremeLawoftheLand)
3. StateGovernment
3BranchesofGovernment(KnowforEach)
Purpose&Powers
Structure
GeneralAssembly
Bicameral(2Houses),RepresentationinEach
HowaBillBecomesaLaw
Governor
RolesoftheGovernor
SupremeCourt
4LevelsofCourt
InterprettheNCConstitution
4. LocalGovernment
CountyGovernment
2Branches(Commission,Council,&CountyManager)
MunicipalGovernment
2Branches(Mayor/CouncilPlan,Council/ManagerPlan)

Part2PracticeConstructedResponse(4PointQuestion)
TheUnitedStateshasbothanationalgovernmentand50stategovernments.Eachofthesegovernments
includesaseparationofpowerwithinthegovernment.Explainthisseparationofpower,andexplainthefunction
ofeachpart.

Part3PoliticalParties(Unit3)
Part3EssentialQuestion
Whyisresolvingconflictanimportantpartofgovernment?

Part3Concepts
Conflict
Resolution

Part3Vocabulary
1. PoliticalParties
PoliticalIdeologyLiberal,Conservative
PartySystems(OneParty,TwoParty,MultiParty)
Democrats
Republicans
3rdParties
2. PublicOpinion&MassMedia
MeasuresofPublicOpinionpolls
MediaPrint&Electronic
InterestGroups(PACs&Lobbyists)
3. Voting&Elections
SuffrageSuffrageAmendments
Register,PollingPlace,ExitPolls
PrimaryElectionPoliticalPartieschoosecandidates
GeneralElectionVotersdecidewhoholdsoffice
SpecialElectionsRecall,Initiatives,Proposition,Referendum
4. Campaigns&Financing
PACs
Advertising&PropagandaTechniques
5. Passing&EnforcingLaws
HowaBillBecomesaLaw
Sponsor
Committees
Voting
PresidentialVeto&ProcesstoOverrideVeto
Bureaucracy
ExecutiveAgenciesEnforcetheLaw
Examples&Purpose
ExecutiveDepartmentsCabinet

Part3PracticeConstructedResponse(3PointQuestion)
TheUnitedStatesisconsideredaTwoPartySystemeventhoughtherearemorethan2politicalparties.Why
istheUSconsideredaTwoPartySystem,andexplainthedifferencebetweenthetwopoliticalparties.

Part4Citizenship(Units2&3)
Part4EssentialQuestion
HowdoescivicinvolvementshapeAmericanDemocracy?

Part4Concepts
Identity
Duty
Responsibility

Part4Vocabulary
1. Citizenship
Civics,Citizen,Citizenship
Rights,Duties,Responsibilities
Epluribusunum
Immigrant/Alien
Naturalization
14thamendment
2. Amendments
BillofRightsIdentifyimportantaspectsineach.
1stAmendmentFreeExerciseClause,EstablishmentClause
SuffrageAmendmentsRighttoVote(15,19,23,24,26)
CivilWarAmendments(13,14,15)
RightsoftheAccused(3,4,5,6,8)
StudentRightscases
CivilRightscases
3. SupremeCourtCases(atleast)
Roe v. Wade (right to privacy), NJ v. TLO (right to privacy, due process), Brown v. Board of Education, Plessy v. Ferguson,
Miranda v. Arizona (due process), Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, University of California v. Bakke
(affirmative action), Marbury v Madison, Wallace v. Jaffree (Est. Clause), Abbington v. Schemp (est. clause), Engle v. Vitale
(est. clause), Tinker v. Des Moines, Mapp v. Ohio, In re Gault (equal protection), Furman v. Georgia (equal protection),
Gregg v. Georgia, Gideon v. Wainwright, Bethel School District v. Fraser, Texas v. Johnson (symbolic speech), Nazi v. Skokie
(symbolic speech), McCulloch v. Maryland (implied powers), Gibbons v. Ogden (Supremacy Clause), US v. Nixon (Rule of
law)

Part4PracticeConstructedResponse(3PointQuestion)
ExplainoneamendmentintheBillofRights.ExplainoneSupremeCourtCasethatdealtwiththatAmendment,
andhowitdefinedorchangedthefreedomguaranteedinthisAmendment.

Part5TheLaw&You(Unit7)
Part5EssentialQuestion
HowdolawsensurerightsandprotectionsforindividualsintheUnitedStates?

Part5Concepts
Rights
Protections

Part5Vocabulary
1. Sources&TypesofLaw
CriminalLawmisdemeanor,felony
CivilLawLawsuit
ConstitutionalLaw,AdministrativeLaw,StatutoryLaw,CommonLaw
TheAmericanLegalSystem
WritofHabeasCorpus,BillsofAttainder,ExPostFactoLaws
4thAmendmentSearchWarrant
5thAmendment5Protections
6thAmendment,7thAmendment
8thAmendmentCruel&UnusualPunishment,Bail
14thAmendmentEqualProtection
CivilCase
Plaintiff,Defendant
ProcessofaCivilCase
CriminalCase
Prosecution(Government),Defendant(accused)
ProcessofaCriminalCase

Part5PracticeConstructedResponse(4PointQuestion)
UnitedStatescitizensareprovidedcertainprotectionsfromgovernmentinterferenceintheirlives.Explain(2)
amendmentsthatprotectthepeoplefromthegovernment.Foreachamendment,explainonewayitspecifically
protectscitizensfromthegovernment.

Part6TheFreeMarket&TheRoleofGovernment(Units9&10)
Part6EssentialQuestion
Whyareindividualchoiceandcompetitionimportantinafreemarketeconomy?

Part6Concepts
Competition
Choices

Part6Vocabulary
1. BasicEconomics&EconomicSystems
Economics,scarcity
CircularFlowofEconomics
Productivity,divisionoflabor,specialization,education,technology
Tradeoff,opportunitycost
4BasicEconomicQuestions
4FactorsofProduction
EconomicSystems(Command,Market,Mixed,Traditional)
Capitalismvs.Communism
AdamSmithvs.KarlMarx
MixedMarketEconomyCharacteristicsofUSEconomicSystem
2. Supply&Demand
LawsofSupply&Demand
EquilibriumorMarketPrice
Shortage,Surplus
Pricefloor,Priceceilings,examplesofeach
FactorsthataffectorchangeSupply&Demand(STICandPET)
3. Business,Competition,&Labor
SoleProprietorship,Partnership,Corporation
2ReasonsCompetitionisImportant(LowPrices,BetterQuality)
TypesofCompetion
Monopoly
Market/Pure/MonopolisticCompetition
Oligopoly
Unskilled,semiskilled,skilled,&professionalworkers
LaborUnions
4waystohandlecollectivebargainingissues
4. BusinessCycle,MonetaryPolicy,&FiscalPolicy
Expansion,recession,peak,trough,depression
Economicindicators(GDP,unemployment,etc)
MonetaryPolicy(Loose&Tight)FederalReserve
3ToolsoftheFederalReserve
2EconomicProblems(Inflation,Recession)
FiscalPolicyTaxing&Spending
FederalBudget&NationalDebt
Surplus,Deficit,Debt
MajorFederalTaxes&Expenditures
MajorStateTaxes&Expenditures
MajorLocalTaxes&Expenditures

Part6PracticeConstructedResponse(4PointQuestion)
TheUnitedStatesGovernmentisincontroloffiscalpolicyandmonetarypolicy.Explainwhateachare,and
provideaspecificexampleofhowthesecaninfluencetheeconomy.

Part7Trade(Unit10)
Part7EssentialQuestion
Whyhasinterdependenceledtoglobalization?

Part7Concepts
Interdependence
Globalization

Part7Vocabulary
1. InternationalTrade
Import,export
FreetradeReasonstosupport,examples(NAFTA,WTO)
TradeRestrictionstariff,quota,embargo
Absoluteadvantagevcomparativeadvantage
2. Globalization&TheUnitedNations
DevelopedCountries(1stWorld)
DevelopingCountries(2ndWorld)
UnderdevelopedCountries(3rdWorld)
Issuesw/Globalizationenvironment,humanrights
UnitedNationsInternationalpolitical,economic,&socialissues

Part7PracticeConstructedResponse(3PointQuestion)
Manycountriesthroughouttheworldareworkingtogethertocreatefewerlimitationstotradingwithone
another.Thismovementknownasglobalizationhasbothpositiveandnegativeconsequences.Explainwhatit
meanstotrytoreducebarrierstotrade.Explainonepositiveandonenegativetofreetrade.

Part8PersonalFinancialLiteracy(Unit8)
Part8EssentialQuestion
Howissounddecisionmakingrelatedtofinancialresponsibilityandrisk?

Part8Concepts
DecisionMaking
Risk
Responsibility

Part8Vocabulary
1. PersonalFinancialPlanning&Goals
Education,income,career
Budget
IncomeGrossPay,NetPay/DisposableIncome
Expenses
Retirement
2. Saving&Investing
Accounts(Savings,Checking,CD,MoneyMarket)
Interest,CompoundInterest,APR
Stocks,Bonds,MutualFunds(TypeofInvestor&Investment)
3. Credit
Credit,CreditCard,CreditScore
Interest,CompoundInterest
4. ConsumerProtection
ConsumerProtectionLaws
GovernmentRegulation
Insurance(Medical,Life,Homeowners,etc.)

Part8PracticeConstructedResponse(4PointQuestion)
Intermsofpersonalfinance,interestcanbebothapositiveandnegative.Identifywheninterestisanegativeto
anindividual,andprovideaspecificexample.Identifywheninterestisapositivetoanindividual,andprovidea
specificexample.