1

DEVELOPING MODULE

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introducing Matrices
In mathematics, a matrix (plural matrices) is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or
expressions, arranged in rows and columns. The general matrix with m rows and n columns can
be written as:

[

]

The individual items in a matrix are called its elements or entries. An example of a matrix with 2
rows and 3 columns is

[


]

1.2 Defining Dimensions
A matrix, with m rows and n columns is called an m by n or an m x n matrix. This
determines the dimensions of the matrix. For example, the dimensions of the matrix below is 3 X
2.

[



]

n columns
m rows
3 columns
2 rows
elements or entries
2 columns
3 rows
2

2.0 MAPPING
FORM
PRIOR
KNOWLEDGE
FORM 1 FORM 2 FORM 3 FORM 4 FORM 5
Linear Equation Addition,
subtraction,
Integers,
Directed
number

Matrices Addition and
subtraction of
matrices

3.0 TITLE: MATRICES
4.0 SUB TITLE:
Addition and subtraction on matrices
5.0 LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Perform addition and subtraction on matrices.
6.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES:
i. Determine whether addition or subtraction can be performed on two given matrices.
ii. Find the sum or the difference of two matrices.
iii. Solve matrix equations involving addition and subtraction.
(Limit to matrices with no more than three rows and three columns. Include finding values of
unknown elements.)

3

7.0 ACTIVITY:
7.1 STEPS
Step 1:
Begin with a new document and add a Calculator page. There are templates in the Maths
expression palette that can be used for matrices of order 2 x 2, 1 x 2, 2 x 1 and 3 x 3. The
Maths expression palette can be found by pressing .
Use the arrow on the mouse to select the 2x2 matrix.



Step 2:
Using the tab key, enter the numbers in the matrix as shown.



4

Step 3:
Then press the plus key .


Step 4:
Then add in another matric by using the arrow on the mouse to select the 2x2 matrix.


Step 5:
Press the enter key to get the answer.


5


Step 6:
Alternatively, matrices of any order can be entered by pressing:
Document Tools
Matrix & Vector
Create
Matrix




Step 7:
Fill the number for rows and columns. Hints

Then, press OK to start.
6




Step 8:
Repeat from Step 2 until Step 5 to get the answer. For subtraction, repeat the same step by
pressing the minus .














7

7.2 TABLE
Matrix addition and subtraction are fairly simple, and is done entry-wise.
Since matrices are added entry-wise, I have to add the 1 and the 4, the 2 and 5, the 0 and
the 7, and the 3 and the 8. But what do I add to the 6 and to the 9? There are no
corresponding entries in the first matrix that can be added to these entries in the second
matrix. So the answer is:
I can't add these matrices, because they're not the same size.
Since matrices are subtracted entry-wise, I have to subtract the 8 from the 5, the 5 from 6,
the 5 from the 4, and the 9 from the 9. But what do I subtract to the 7 and to the 2? There are
Add the following matrices:
Number Questions Solution
1
[


] + [


]

2
[


] + [


]

3
[



] + [



]

4
[


] + [


]

Subtract the following matrices:
1
[


] [


]

2
[


] [


]

3
[



] [



]

4
[


] [


]

8

no corresponding entries in the first matrix that can be subtracted to these entries in the
second matrix. So the answer is:
I can't subtract these matrices, because they're not the same size.

LETS TRY IT!
Given that matrix [


] [


] [



] [



] and
[


]
Question Yes, the answer is... No. Because...
A B
C + D
A + E
D E

7.3 CONCLUSION
i) [

] [

] [

]

ii) This is always the case: To be able to add or subtract two matrices, they must be of the
same size. If they are not the same size (if they do not have the same "dimensions"),
then the addition and subtraction is "not defined" (doesn't make mathematical sense).



9

8.0 EXERCISES
8.1 TAXONOMY BLOOM/ HIGHER ORDER THINKING
Question 1:
[


] [


]


LOTS
Question 2:
[



] [



]



LOTS
Question 3:
[


] [


]

LOTS
Question 4:
[

] [

]

LOTS
Question 5:
[


] [


]

LOTS
Question 6:
[


] [


]


LOTS
Question 7:
[


] [


] [


]. Find m and n.


Application
Question 8:
[


] [


] [


]. Find p and q.

Application
10

Question 9:
[


] [


]. Find matrix B.

Application
Question 10:
[



] [



]. Find matrix R.


Application
Question 11:
[


] [


] [


]. Find the possible value for a and b.


HOTS
Question 12:
a) Write two 2 x 4 matrices to represent the mean verbal and math SAT
scores.


b) Find the combined mean SAT scores for each year in the table.






HOTS


11

8.2 TESTING ON MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS (NOT USING TOOL)
Question 1:
[


] [


]


Answer:
[


] [


]
Question 2:
[



] [



]


Answer:
[



] [



]
Question 3:
[


] [


]
Answer:
[


] [


]

Question 4:
[

] [

]
Answer:
[



] [

]

Question 5:
[


] [


]
Answer:
[


] [


]
Question 6:
[


] [


]

Answer:
[


] [


]

12

Question 7:
[


] [


] [


].
Find m and n.

Answer:



so, m=2, n=3
Question 8:
[


] [


]
[


]. Find p and q.
Answer:



so, p=17 , q= 8

Question 9:
[


] [


].
Find matrix B.
Answer:
[


] [


]
[


]

Question 10:
[



] [



].
Find matrix R.

Answer:
[



] [



]
[



]

13

Question 11:
[


] [


] [


].
Find the possible value for a and b.
Answer:

0 1 8 10 13 4 20 2 20
9 8 1 1 4 5 11 11 29
Other possible value is accepted.
Question 12:
a) Write two 2 x 4 matrices to
represent the mean verbal and
math SAT scores.


b) Find the combined mean SAT
scores for each year in the table.

Answer:
a) mean verbal : [

]
math SAT scores : [

]

b)
[

]








14

9.0 REFERENCES
1. http://www.metalproject.co.uk/METAL/Resources/Teaching_learning/55854.pdf
2. http://www.purplemath.com/modules/matrices.htm
3. http://www.learner.org/courses/teachingmath/grades9_12/session_05/section_01_a.html
4. Integrated Curriculum for Secondary Schools, Curriculum Specifications, Mathematics
Form 5,Curriculum Development Centre Ministry of Education Malaysia 2003