Small Hydropower Roadmap

Condensed research data for EU-27

European
Small
Hydropower
Association
Tbe Streom Hop project
Yeor of lmplementotion: 2009-2012
Web: bttp:,,streommop.esbo.be,
A project supporteJ by



Project Consortium:






Tbis RooJmop boJ been olso supporteJ by tbe followinq orqonizotions onJ experts:

6erborJ Fckert, 6ermony
BernborJ Pelikon, Austrio
lrisb EyJropower Associotion, lrelonJ
Iinnisb EyJropower Associotion, IinlonJ
}rqen KroqsqoorJ, Benmork
}iri venos {FlZAC0), }on Hotlik {Bolnolobske elektrorny o.s.), Czecb Republic
Stotisticol 0ffice of tbe Slovok Republic, Slovokio
"Associotion of ProJucers of Fcoloqicol Fnerqy" NP0, Bulqorio
Eellenic Smoll EyJropower Associotion, 6reece
Asociocion Je ProJuctores Je Fnerqios Renovobles, Spoin
1
!"#$% '( )'*+%*+,
KEY NESSAuES ......................................................................................................................... 2
F0REW0RB .............................................................................................................................. 3
1. AN INTR0B0CTI0N: The Role of SBP in the E0 Electiicity Sectoi ........................................... 4
2. PR0}ECT BESCRIPTI0N & NETB0B0L0uY ............................................................................ 5
S. STATE 0F PLAY 0F TBE SBP IN TBE E0R0PEAN 0NI0N ....................................................... 7
ENERuY ............................................................................................................................. 7
NARKET .......................................................................................................................... 12
P0LICY ............................................................................................................................ 14
4. CBALLENuES & PR0SPECTS F0R 2u2u ................................................................................ 24
S. ANNEX: 0veiview by Nembei State ..................................................................................... 27
A0STRIA .......................................................................................................................... 27
BELuI0N ......................................................................................................................... 30
B0LuARIA ....................................................................................................................... 33
TBE CZECB REP0BLIC ..................................................................................................... 38
BENNARK ....................................................................................................................... 41
EST0NIA .......................................................................................................................... 43
FINLANB ......................................................................................................................... 45
FRANCE ........................................................................................................................... 48
uERNANY ........................................................................................................................ 54
uREECE ........................................................................................................................... 56
B0NuARY ........................................................................................................................ 60
IRELANB ......................................................................................................................... 63
ITALY .............................................................................................................................. 66
LATvIA ............................................................................................................................ 69
LITB0ANIA ...................................................................................................................... 71
L0XENB0Ru ................................................................................................................... 74
TBE NETBERLANBS ........................................................................................................ 77
P0LANB .......................................................................................................................... 79
P0RT0uAL ...................................................................................................................... 85
R0NANIA ........................................................................................................................ 89
SL0vAKIA ........................................................................................................................ 92
SL0vENIA ........................................................................................................................ 95
SPAIN ............................................................................................................................ 100
SWEBEN ........................................................................................................................ 104
0NITEB KINuB0N ......................................................................................................... 107


2
-./ 0.1123.1
Ior tbe post ten yeors, SEP potentiol bos been qreotly offecteJ by environmentol
leqislotion tbot folls unJer JesiqnoteJ oreos sucb os Noturo 2000 onJ tbe Woter
Iromework Birective. Ior some countries, tbe SEP economicolly feosible potentiol wos
reJuceJ by more tbon o bolf.
Yet, tbere is still o !"#$% '()%*)+"! ,(# -./ 0%1%!('2%*) in tbe F0-27. less tbon
bolf of tbe potentiol bos olreoJy been toppeJ - some 44 TWb, yeor. Hore tbon S0
TWb,yeor con be brouqbt on line in tbe future, if tbe current conJitions ore improveJ.
Tbus, SEP must be JesiqneJ site by site in orJer to comply witb oll tbe environmentol
requirements to toke oJvontoqe of tbe remoininq potentiol.
Tbe most promisinq countries for SEP furtber exponsion in tbe F0 ore ltoly, Ironce,
Spoin, Austrio, Portuqol, Romonio, 6reece onJ PolonJ.

lt is beyonJ ony Joubt tbot tbe Furopeon byJropower inJustry is quite 2")3#%
"*0 4+$4!5 0%1%!('%0 ot tecbnoloqicol level. Nevertbeless, tbe wbole byJropower sector
requires 6)"7!% '(!+8+%6 "*0 #%$3!")+(*6, botb ot notionol onJ F0 level, for its
Jevelopment.
Tbe sector con be ,+*"*8+"!!5 636)"+*"7!% +, ,"+# 2"#9%) #3!%6 "#% '#(1+0%0 -
finonciol scbemes for byJropower projects sboulJ occount for multipurpose feotures of
byJropower, not only proJuction of qreen electricity, but olso its incomporoble biqb
efficiency, its contribution to qriJ stobility, onJ otber benefits reloteJ witb woter resource
monoqement, os flooJ protection.
ln foct, SEP bos specific cborocteristics tbot ore quite Jifferent from otber
renewoble tecbnoloqies, like time ovoilobility of tbe resource, lonq life time {up to 100
yeors), biqber unit power investment onJ tbe multipurpose use of woter.

Eowever, like otber renewobles, -./ *%%06 #%$3!")(#5 6)"7+!+)5 "*0 ,"+# 2"#9%)
#3!%6, especiolly concerninq permit qrontinq, tecbnicol rules onJ in tbe finonciol
environment {toriffs).
lt is olso importont to recoll tbot tbe licensinq proceJure for SEP is o time
consuminq onJ bureoucrotic proceJure os numerous permits ore necessory to be issueJ.
0n top of tbot, most of tbe time tbis process is JepenJent on poorly coorJinoteJ entities
from Jifferent public outborities.
Tberefore, tbe future !+8%*6+*$ 64(3!0 #%!5 (* 6+2'!%: ,"+#: 6(!+0 "*0
)#"*6'"#%*) 8#+)%#+" suitoble witb SEP scole promotinq o foster, onJ more preJictoble
result in tbe outcome.

S
456.7568
Smoll byJropower bos been o source of electricity qenerotion in mony Furopeon
countries olreoJy since tbe beqinninq of tbe 20tb century. NowoJoys, it contributes to
orounJ 8% of electricity proJuction witbin tbe renewoble enerqy mix. Tbe Furopeon
Commission bos olreoJy recoqniseJ tbe importonce of smoll byJropower in 1989, wben it
initioteJ tbe founJotion of tbe Furopeon Smoll EyJropower Associotion {FSEA) to
stimulote tbe increose of electricity proJuction from tbis source.

Tbe Commission's 20S0 Fnerqy RooJmop inJicotes tbot on increosinq sbore of its
enerqy must come from renewoble sources in tbe future, in orJer to secure sustoinoble
enerqy proJuction onJ enerqy inJepenJence os well os contributinq to climote cbonqe
mitiqotion.


Tbis EyJropower RooJmop, successfully compileJ by FSEA in cooperotion witb key
stokebolJers, proviJes Jecision-mokers for tbe first time witb o cruciol knowleJqe bose
obout tbe enerqy sector in tbe 27 F0 Hember Stotes. lt furtber lists tbe necessory
prerequisites to exploit tbe full potentiol of smoll byJropower tbrouqb refurbisbment onJ
new site Jevelopment.

l tberefore conqrotulote FSEA to tbis RooJmop, wbicb sboulJ serve os o tool to
monitor onJ quiJe smoll byJropower Jevelopment to contribute successfully to tbe
Renewoble Fnerqy Birective's torqet of 20% renewoble enerqy in 2020 onJ to tbe F0's
20S0 climote cbonqe objective.



Pbilip lowe
Birector 6enerol for Fnerqy
Furopeon Commission



4
9: 2; <;!658=)!<5;> !?% 6'$% '( 1@A
B* +?% .= .$%C+DBCB+E 1%C+'D
Ior centuries, civilizotions bove token oJvontoqe of tbe power of woter. 0nce useJ
by 6reeks to qrinJ wbeot into flour, tbe woter wbeels of tbe post bove been upJoteJ to
toJoys biqbly efficient turbines tbot qenerote electricity by o spin of woter. Smoll
byJropower, JefineJ by instolleJ copocity of up to 10 HW, is for mony yeors tbe bockbone
of electricity proJuction in mony countries in tbe F0.

EyJropower con be one of tbe most relioble onJ cost-effective metboJs to qenerote
electricity. Tbe concept is JesiqneJ in o woy tbot it con immeJiotely responJ to
fluctuotions in electricity JemonJ meetinq botb bose-looJ onJ peok-looJ JemonJ.
EyJropowers moin oJvontoqe is tbot it proviJes o 6)%"05 "*0 6%83#% 6(3#8% (,
%!%8)#+8+)5 63''!5. Becouse it is fuelleJ by woter, it 0(%6 *() '(!!3)% tbe oir or proJuce
ony otber liquiJ or soliJ woste. 0tber benefits moy incluJe ;")%# 63''!5 Jurinq Jry
summer montbs onJ ,!((0 8(*)#(!, wbicb ore qrowinq in importonce witb reqorJs to
climote cbonqe effects. A well-JesiqneJ smoll byJropower system con 7!%*0 +* ;+)4 +)6
63##(3*0+*$6 witb no environmentol impocts. SEP scbemes ore moinly run-of-river witb
little or no reservoir impounJment. SEP is not simply o reJuceJ version of o lorqe
byJropower plont, but specific equipment is necessory to meetinq funJomentol
requirements witb reqorJs to simplicity, biqb enerqy output, environmentol meosures onJ
moximum reliobility.

As o bockbone for renewoble enerqy proJuction in Furope byJropower bos o key
role in meetinq botb tbe 2020 renewoble enerqy torqets os well os tbe qreenbouse qos
reJuction torqets. Smoll EyJropower qenerotes 46,000 6Wb of electricity onJ occounts to
over 1S,000 HW of instolleJ copocity in F0-27 wbicb is enouqb to supply electricity for
over 1S million bousebolJs. Tbis contributes to onnuol ovoiJonce of C0 by 29 million
tonnes, wbicb tronslotes into onnuol ovoiJeJ C0 cost of obout 766 million euros.

Eowever, tbe qrowtb rotes of SEP Jurinq tbe post yeors botb in terms of proJuction
onJ copocity bove been rotber Jisoppointinq. Tbis is Jue to tbe mony borriers tbot tbe
sector is focinq moinly focuseJ on qrowinq environmentol requirements onJ timely
oJministrotive proceJures, in porticulor tbe issue of concessions. lnJeeJ, environmentol
issues in qenerol onJ tbe implementotion of tbe Woter Iromework Birective in porticulor
ore enJonqerinq tbe future Jevelopment onJ reolisotion of tbe potentiol byJro in tbe F0.
Tbis Jevelopment tbreotens tbe Furopeon leoJersbip in tbe sector.

Witb tbis RooJmop, tbe SEP sector bos moJe o first step to put Jown its current
stotus, issues onJ requirements on poper. lt will belp Jecision mokers to ossess tbe
situotion in tbeir country better onJ untop tbe potentiol of smoll byJropower.
S
F: A65G.)! 8.1)6<A!<5; H
0.!@585I53/
At present, it is Jifficult for policy mokers to Jefine tbe future of tbe smoll
byJropower sector onJ to incorporote it into tbe notionol enerqy oction plons. Tberefore,
tbe objective of tbe SEP STRFAH HAP project is to qotber onJ consequently moke
ovoiloble for F0 Hember Stotes, relevont enerqy, morket onJ policy Joto on byJropower,
witb speciol empbosis in tbe SEP sector; Joto wbicb is presenteJ in on concerteJ woy for
tbe first time.
All tbe Joto will contribute to roise oworeness onJ to supply tbe best ovoiloble
informotion to tbe notionol onJ locol Jecision-mokers, in orJer to promote politicol
impoct onJ lobby oction to remove borriers onJ improve tbe conJitions to Jevelop SEP in
tbe F0.

A consortium composeJ by eleven portners, leJ by FSEA, wos built in orJer to
Jevelop tbe SEP STRFAH HAP project:

/"#)+8+'"*) *"2% /"#)+8+'"*)
64(#) *"2%
<(3*)#5
8(0%
="+* >(!% +* <(*6(#)+32
Furopeon Smoll
EyJropower Associotion

FSEA BF Co-coorJinotor ; lnput Joto 6ermony,
Bulqorio Austrio onJ 6reece
Set up onJ runninq of EYBl
litbuonion EyJropower
Associotion
lEA lT leoJer WPS plus input Joto Boltic countries
onJ notionol worksbop
ltolion Associotion of
Renewoble Fnerqy
APFR lT Portner : input byJro Joto ltoly plus
notionol voliJotion worksbop
Ironce EyJrolectricit IEF IR leoJer WPS plus input Joto Ironce onJ
notionol worksbop
Slovenion Smoll
EyJropower Associotion
SSEA Sl Portner : input byJro Joto Slovenio,
Eunqory onJ some Bolkon countries plus
notionol worksbop in Slovenio
SweJisb Renewoble
Fnerqy Associotion
SFR0 SW Portner : input NorJic countries byJro Joto
onJ notionol worksbop in SweJen
lnstitute for EyJro onJ
Besiqn
lESB R0 Portner; input for Romonio byJro Joto plus
notionol worksbop
Britisb EyJropower
Associotion
BEA 0K leoJer WP4 plus input Joto on 0K onJ lRl
onJ notionol worksbop
Portuquese Renewoble
Fnerqy Associotion
APRFN PT Portner input Joto on byJro for Portuqol
onJ Spoin plus notionol worksbop in
6
Portuqol onJ Spoin
Polisb EyJropower
Associotion
PEA P0 Portner input Joto on byJro for PolonJ,
Slovokio onJ tbe Czecb Republic onJ
notionol worksbop in PolonJ
Belqium Renewoble
Fnerqy IeJerotion
FB0RA BF Portner input byJro Joto for Benelux onJ
notionol worksbop

AJJitionolly, tbe "BunJesverbonJ Beutscber Wosserkroftwerke" {BBW), tbe
6ermon Associotion of EyJropower Plonts bos been coverinq 6ermony, for FSEA.

Tbe Project olso counteJ witb on oJvisory boorJ, composeJ by importont Furopeon
orqonisotions: FRFC, Furelectric, Fur0bserver, Furostot, EFA.

Focb portner boJ tbe responsibility of collectinq tbe necessory Joto to feeJ tbe
moin Jeliverobles of tbe project: o rooJmop for tbe F0s SEP sector {tbe present stroteqic
Jocument) onJ o unique Jotobose, tbe EyJro Boto lnitiotive {os from now on EYBl).
Also, over tbe lost tbree yeors, o JetoileJ contoct network for tbe byJropower sector
witbin tbe F0 bos been constructeJ. Tbis ollows to reocb o lorqe number of stokebolJers
vio tbe Jifferent notionol worksbops, press orticles, listinqs in meJio quotinq tbe projects
onJ stotisticol releoses onJ tbe website bttp:,,streommop.esbo.be, wbere tbe Jotobose is
ovoiloble free of cborqe.
Tbe input collecteJ from tbe 27 F0-Hember Stotes consisteJ of tbree moin ports:
byJropower %*%#$5, 2"#9%) onJ '(!+85 Joto. Tbe enerqy Joto incluJeJ current, forecost
onJ potentiol Joto. Tbe morket section incluJeJ inJustriol onJ economic. Tbe policy Joto
wos mostly reloteJ witb support scbemes, concessions onJ leqislotion. Tbe reference yeors
cbosen were 200S onJ 2007. ln tbe collection process, tbe portners qot in toucb witb oll
Jifferent stokebolJers to receive tbe neeJeJ Joto. A lorqe contoct network in form of o
reqister bos been JevelopeJ os result to tbis reseorcb. Eowever, Jue to tbe lock of SEP in
Holto onJ Cyprus, tbose two Hember Stotes bove been left out in tbis RooJmop.
Tbe Joto collecteJ wos voliJoteJ tbrouqb internol onJ externol Joto quolity
control by cross-cbeckinq: {i) tbe sources consulteJ supplieJ tbe best publicly ovoiloble
informotion; {ii) eocb portner cbeckeJ tbe Joto collecteJ before senJ it to eocb
workpockoqe leoJer; {iii) eocb workpockoqe leoJer cbeck tbe informotion receiveJ onJ
confirmeJ if it wos occorJinq to tbe objectives of tbe project onJ witb tbe metboJoloqy
estoblisbeJ; {iv) finolly, tbe Joto wos olso comporeJ witb tbe informotion moJe ovoiloble
by tbe oJvisory boorJ.
Tbe results of tbis Jotobose bove been collecteJ onJ put toqetber in tbis RooJmop. tbis
stroteqic Jocument Jescribes tbe current stote of ploy for SEP sector, tbe neeJs,
cbollenqes, borriers, potentiols onJ trenJs for future, oiminq to constitute o key Jocument
for tbe promotion of smoll byJropower.
Tbe use of severol communicotion onJ Jisseminotion tools onJ octivities olso took
port in orJer to moximize tbe impoct of tbe project onJ to reocb tbe moin key octors. lt is
intenJeJ tbot tbe results of tbe SEP STRFAH HAP project contributeJ to reocb tbe torqets
estoblisbeJ for 2020, by tbe incorporotion of relevont sbores of SEP in tbe Notionol
Renewoble Fnerqy Action Plons {NRFAP) of tbe Hembers Stotes witb biqb potentiol to
Jeploy tbis tecbnoloqy, tbrouqb tbe Jisseminotion of tbe informotion collecteJ onJ
proJuceJ by tbis project.
7
J: 1!2!. 54 AI2/ 54 !@. 1@A <; !@.
.=65A.2; =;<5;
Tbis section is continuinq tbe iJeo of tbe EYBl Jotobose wbicb is JiviJeJ into tbree ports:
enerqy, morket onJ policy. Tbree sbort summories on tbose topics Jescribe tbe
Jevelopment of tbe Furopeon smoll byJropower sector in tbe followinq text.
.;.63/
ln 2010 neorly 21,800 SEP plonts bove been in operotion {Iiq. 1). Tbe biqqest
number of SEP focilities is instolleJ in 6ermony {more tbon 7,S00). Tben follows Austrio
{some 2,S90), ltoly {2,4S0), Ironce {1,900), SweJen {1,900) onJ tbe Czecb Republic
{1,4S0). lt is expecteJ tbot tbe overoll SEP number sboulJ reocb up to 24,000 by 2020. Tbe
overoqe instolleJ copocity of o SEP plont vories between 0.6 - 0.7 HW.


?+$@ A B327%# (, -./ '!"*)6: )4%+# +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 "*0 %!%8)#+8+)5 $%*%#")+(* 7%);%%*
CDDD "*0 CDCD +* )4% EF@

Tbe projecteJ instolleJ copocity increoseJ from 12.4 6W to 17.S 6W onJ electricity
qenerotion from 42.1 to S9.7 TWb,yeor over tbe perioJ 200S to 2020. Tbis results in on
ouqmentotion of neorly 40%.

Tokinq o look ot inJiviJuol countries ltoly is tbe country witb tbe lorqest SEP
instolleJ copocity {2,7SS HW) onJ electricity qenerotion {10,9S8 6Wb). ln oJJition to tbot
in tbe yeors obeoJ tbis country will be o cleor leoJer in botb of tbese fielJs {Iiq.2 onJ S). lt
is followeJ by Ironce, Spoin onJ 6ermony. Tbe lowest instolleJ copocity onJ electricity
qenerotion ore observeJ moinly in low lyinq countries {Fostern Boltic, Eunqory, Benmork,
onJ lrelonJ).

8


?+$@C -./ +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 +* )4% EF 8(3*)#+%6 G=HI@


?+$@J -./ %!%8)#+8+)5 $%*%#")+(* +* )4% EF 8(3*)#+%6 GKH4L5%"#I.

Tbe looJ foctor Jetermines tbe efficiency of usinq SEP turbines onJ is o meosure of
o power plonts output comporeJ to tbe moximum output it coulJ proJuce. lt con be
expresseJ by on overoqe number of full looJ bours. Ior SEP plonts operotinq in tbe F0 it
omounts to S,2S2 bours {Iiq 4.). Tbe lorqest one is observeJ in 6ermony {neorly 4,900
bours) onJ tbe lowest volue in Romonio {1,810 b). AccorJinq to tbe NRFAPs tbe looJ
foctor is 2,000 bours for onsbore onJ offsbore winJ plonts, onJ 914 bours for solor
instollotions. Tbese focts sbows tbot SEP less Jisturb tbe stobility of tbe qriJs.

9


?+$@ M@ <"!83!")%0 "1%#"$% *327%# (, ,3!! !("0 4(3#6 ,(# -./ '!"*)6 +* )4% EF 8(3*)#+%6@

As o qenerol rule SEP potentiol Jiminisbes from tbe qross tbeoreticol to tbe
economicolly feosible potentiol onJ finolly tbe reolisoble potentiol or ovoiloble for
Jevelopment {Iiq. S).


?+$@ N@ O()"! -./ '()%*)+"! +* )4% EF GOH4L5%"#I@

Tbe potentiol is unevenly JistributeJ ocross tbe Hember Stotes. lt con be best
JescribeJ by woter streom enerqy qeneroteJ per unit of oreo, usuolly - km
2
. Austrio, ltoly,
luxembourq onJ Portuqol ore tbe countries witb tbe most powerful woter streoms {Iiq.6).
To tbe controst, Benmork, Fstonio onJ Eunqorys woter streoms enerqy ore relotively low.
EyJropower bos not been JevelopeJ in Cyprus {only one SEP plont is operotinq) onJ
Holto.

10

?+$@ P@ Q%*6+)5 (, )4% %8(*(2+8"!!5 ,%"6+7!% '()%*)+"! +* )4% EF 8(3*)#+%6 G=H4L5%"#L92
C
I@

lt is commonly known tbot tbe economicolly feosible potentiol is less stoble tbon
tbe tecbnicol one, onJ is subject to consiJeroble fluctuotions, mostly bos o Jecreosinq
trenJ over yeors wben no new incentives ore introJuceJ. Cbonqinq economic
competitiveness omonq power options onJ tbe stotus of enerqy onJ environmentol
leqislotion con qreotly olter it. Ior instonce, recently suspenJeJ support for SEP plonts in
IinlonJ resulteJ in o reJuction of tbe economicolly feosible potentiol olmost six times; it
JecreoseJ from 1200 to 220 6Wb,yeor.

Tbe economicolly feosible potentiol for Jevelopment of SEP plonts omounts to
some 9S TWb,yeor {Iiq.1). Tbis estimote incluJes olso tbe current SEP electricity
qenerotion - 44.1 TWb, yeor. Tbis foct sbows tbot in overoqe less tbon o bolf of tbis
potentiol bos olreoJy been toppeJ oll over tbe F0. Tokinq into occount ony limitotions
imposeJ by leqol provisions sucb os qeoqropbicol Jesiqnotions, leqislotion onJ requlotions
tbot mostly excluJe tbe SEP potentiol in specifieJ oreos, one con specify tbe
environmentolly compliont potentiol. lts volue is estimoteJ ot some SS TWb,yeor, if o
positive component is token into occount: upqroJinq,moJernisotion of existinq focilities,
exploitinq non-byJroelectric Joms {up to S to 10% of octuol power qenerotion).

Tbis stuJy reveols tbot Jurinq tbe lost ten yeors new SEP potentiol bos been qreotly
offecteJ by environmentol leqislotion tbot foll unJer oreos tbot ore JesiqnoteJ, sucb os
Noturo 2000, tbe Woter Iromework Birective onJ otbers. Hitiqotion meosures will oJJ to
tbe costs of electricity qenerotion, furtber limitinq tbe economic potentiol.

6ermony, tbe 4tb lorqest country witb reqorJs to SEP instolleJ copocity witbin tbe F0,
experiences tbe biqqest reJuction of its byJropower resource; only 7% of tbe economicolly
feosible potentiol con be reolisoble in tbe current situotion. Eeovy environmentol
limitotions ore imposeJ in Boltic countries {e.q., litbuonio 4S%), 6reece {SS%) onJ
11
Slovokio {S8%). Sliqbtly lorqer environmentolly compliont potentiol bos been iJentifieJ in
Ironce, ltoly onJ in tbe 0K {some S0%).

A reosonoble tbresbolJ of tbese limitotions connot exceeJ 20 to S0% of tbe
economicolly feosible potentiol. To tbe controst of tbese environmentol constroints o lorqe
number of SEP plonts ore operotinq successfully in environmentolly sensitive oreos.

A comporison of inJepenJent ossessments, tbe NRFAPs onJ EYBl, exbibits tbot
botb Joto sets foll into tbe confiJence intervol {Iiq. 7) sbowinq tbot tbere is no lorqe
Jifference for SEP totols. Tbe EYBl ossessment is more optimistic tbon tbe one qiven in tbe
NRFAPs. A forecost volue for SEP instolleJ copocity onJ electricity qenerotion is lorqer by
6% onJ 9%, respectively. lt turns to 17.S 6W in copocity onJ S9.7 TWb,yeor in
qenerotion. Fur0bservFR previsions ore less optimistic for tbe torqet yeors in terms of
tbe instolleJ copocities.



?+$@ R@ <(2'"#+6(* (, "66%662%*)6 '#(1+0%0 75 )4% B>ES/6: E3#T76%#1UE> "*0 .VQW {note:
lockinq NRFAPs Joto were completeJ or correcteJ)@

Bespite tbe foct tbot SEP projecteJ qenerotion increoses by 9% up to 2020 its
contribution to tbe overoll RFS-F mix Jiminisbes from 9 to S% {Iiq. 8). Tbis con be
exploineJ by o spectoculor increose in electricity qenerotion of winJ power, biomoss onJ
otber RFS-F.

12





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026-.!
Tbe Horket onolysis wos unJertook unJer two brooJ beoJinqs - lnJustriol onJ
Fconomics. Boto wos collecteJ from F0 member stotes initiolly Jurinq 2010 proviJinq tbe
stotus of botb tbese topics up to onJ incluJinq 2009. Ior reosons qiven below, cbonqes in
tbe results bove been neqliqible for 2010 onJ 2011.
Cbonqes ore slow in tokinq ploce onJ ore completely reliont on tbe economic stotus
of o country, its policies concerninq Renewoble Fnerqy Jevelopment onJ consequent
morket forces. Tbe qenerol overoll effects of eocb of tbese foctors con be summoriseJ os
follows:

! Fconomic stotus - tbe economic problems of oll Furopeon stotes since 2007,8 ore
well known. Tbe immeJiote effect on byJropower Jevelopment wos os o result of
uncertointy couseJ by tbe economic conJitions. Iinoncinq of projects wos, onJ is, o
mojor concern.
! RF Policies - tbe economic problems ore offectinq, or will offect, inJiviJuol country
policies. Tbis Jrives tbe rote of Jevelopment. As o result of tbe RFS Jirective onJ
notionol renewoble enerqy torqets for 2020 tbe effects ore somewbot cusbioneJ
but o worseninq of tbe economic climote onJ roJicol qovernment cbonqes coulJ
eosily couse Jromotic cbonqes to tbe size of tbe supportinq inJustry onJ
1S
employment. lt is unfortunotely impossible to preJict tbese cbonqes onJ tbeir
consequences.
Horket forces - tbe omount of monufocturinq onJ services requireJ for tbe
byJropower morket is o result of tbe two foctors JetoileJ obove. lt is furtber
complicoteJ by inJustrys obility to serve tbe qlobol morket. Ior tbe lost JecoJe tbe
worlJ byJropower morket bos been very buoyont onJ mony of tbe lorqer Furopeon
componies bove benefiteJ. As tbe worlJs economy swinqs tbis bos on effect on
tbese componies onJ tbeir neeJ for support monufocturinq onJ services. Host of
tbe export morket is for tbe lorqe byJropower sector onJ it con be ossumeJ tbot
tbe effect of tbe qlobol smoll byJropower morket is consiJerobly less importont to
Furopeon componies. Eowever, os rurol electrificotion in Jevelopinq countries
becomes politicolly onJ environmentolly more importont, tbe morket for smoll
byJropower proJucts onJ experience will increose.

Tbe some tbree foctors offect tbe economics of o byJropower project. Tbere ore,
bowever, two otber unique foctors wbicb neeJ to be occounteJ for wben consiJerinq tbe
economic efficiencies of byJropower Jevelopment - reJucinq viobility onJ increosinq
costs:

! ReJucinq viobility - os o countrys byJropower focilities continue to be built, it is
tbe "eosier" ones wbicb ore JevelopeJ first. Tbe eose of Jevelopment incluJes
ospects sucb os site occessibility, Jistonce from qriJ connection,looJ
concentrotions, workinq in more environmentolly sensitive oreos onJ relioble
woter ovoilobility.
! lncreosinq costs - o port of wbicb is Jirectly proportionol to tbe effect of reJucinq
viobility since tbe "borJer" it is to builJ o project, tbe more costly it is. AJJeJ to
tbese ore qenerol increoses in lobour onJ moteriol costs wbicb ore common to ony
inJustry. 0nique to tbe byJropower sector is tbe increosinq cost of sotisfyinq
environmentol Jirectives onJ requlotion. lncreoseJ monitorinq before, Jurinq onJ
ofter construction, increoseJ mitiqotion meosures for fisb possoqe onJ screeninq
onJ reJuction in woter ovoilobility oll serve to Jrive up costs onJ reJuce project
viobility. 0tber cost increoses beinq experienceJ ore in tbe oreos of insuronce,
business rotes, qriJ interconnection onJ "mointenonce" Jue Jiliqence, community
cborqes,poyments onJ rotes.

Tbe bolonce between policy onJ incentives is tberefore criticol for tbe Jevelopment of
byJropower projects onJ tbe consequent effect on inJustry onJ employment. Cost of
builJinq onJ qenerotinq from byJropower will noturolly rise but some control over tbe
unique costs of tbis tecbnoloqy onJ its implementotion will be necessory to quorontee
continueJ Jevelopment. 0ne mojor misconception of mony qovernments is tbot
byJropower is just "onotber renewoble tecbnoloqy". EyJropower is JepenJent on
topoqropby onJ roinfoll onJ, os sucb, bos o wiJe ronqe of scbeme size onJ type. lt must
tberefore be incentiviseJ onJ requloteJ in o proportionote monner.
Referrinq to tbe EYBl, more tbon 4,200 componies were iJentifieJ reloteJ to tbe
smoll byJropower sector. Tbis number sboulJ be qreoter but tbe Joto for Austrio onJ
6ermony bos, so for, been unovoiloble. As expecteJ, tbe oriqinol F0 members sbow tbe
qreoter number of componies but, witb tbe requirements of byJropower Jevelopment
unJer RFS up to 2020, tbere sboulJ be new componies joininq tbe list. ln terms of
employment, tbe totol volue in tbe SEP sector in tbe F0 is orounJ 29,000.
14

lt is beyonJ ony Joubt tbot tbe F0 byJropower inJustry is quite moture onJ biqbly
JevelopeJ ot tecbnoloqicol level. Tbere is o qreot oJJeJ-volue tbrouqbout tbe sector: tbe
know-bow witbin tbe F0 SEP componies is recoqnizeJ worlJwiJe. At present, mony of
tbose componies ore exportinq tbis know-bow outsiJe tbe F0 borJer, to countries tbot ore
investinq in tbis sector.
Nevertbeless, tbe entire byJropower sector requires stoble policies onJ requlotions,
botb ot notionol onJ F0 level to mointoin , improve o beoltby qrowtb. Tbe requlotory
stobility is one of tbe most importont ospects reloteJ to ottroctinq investment on o sector
tbot con be finonciolly sustoinoble if foir morket rules ore proviJeJ. Iinonciol scbemes for
byJropower projects sboulJ occount for multipurpose feotures reloteJ to byJropower onJ
its infrostructure - not only proJuction of qreen electricity, but olso its incomporoble biqb
efficiency, its contribution for qriJ stobility, onJ otber benefits reloteJ witb woter resource
monoqement, os flooJ protection.

A5I<)/
Tbe moin types of support existinq in tbe Hember Stotes for smoll byJropower ore:
investment oiJ, tox {fiscol) incentives {JeJuctions), qreen certificotes or certificotes for
renewoble electricity proJuction, qreen bonus, net-meterinq, morket boseJ support
systems. Fxistence of combineJ systems sucb os IlT onJ Premium ore possible in certoin
countries.

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*Fxistinq plonts will continue bovinq o IlT for onotber severol yeors. But since ~ 2010, smoll plonts will
receive on investment support of up to S0%.

/>W<EY\S-EQ WB-O>F=EBO-
IeeJ-in Toriff {IlT): AT, B6, CZ, FF, 6R, E0, lF, lT ,l0, lv, SK, 0K, IR, PT, FS, lT, BF
6uorontees tbe qenerotor of renewoble electricity o certoin price per kWb ot wbicb
electricity is bouqbt. Tbe toriff is set over o lonq perioJ of time, commonly 20 yeors.
Tbis system qives very lonq term visibility for investors {except in cose of retrooctive
Jecisions tbot sboulJ be ovoiJeJ). But IlT ore JisconnecteJ from morket neeJs onJ coulJ
creote competition Jistortions.

1S

IeeJ-in Premium {IlP): CZ, BK, FF, Sl, Nl, FS
IeeJ in premiums offer o premium obove tbe overoqe spot electricity morket price.
! vorioble {e.q. boseJ on tbe lC0F {levelizeJ cost of electricity)) in BF or controct for
Jifference in 0K): IeeJ in Premium will vory occorJinq to morket price. As tbe
morket price increoses, tbe premium omount con be JesiqneJ to Jecline {onJ vice
verso). Tbe risk is for tbe buJqet of tbe Stote.
! IixeJ: Witb o constont oJJer on tbe top of tbe spot morket price {tbe bonus
remoins unresponsive to cbonqes over time onJ continues to be offereJ even if
electricity prices increose {but tbe Stote con introJuce cops onJ floors). Tbe risk is
for tbe investor. Tbis system qives lonq term visibility for investors onJ witb IlP;
tbe operotors sboll reoct to morket siqnols. Also, IlP must be encouroqeJ os tbey
qive on incentive to proJucers to be connecteJ to tbe morket price.


]FSBOWOVY\S-EQ =S>^EO WB-O>F=EBO-
6reen certificotes,uoto obliqotions: lT, SF, lT, BF, Pl, R0, 0K
Suppliers ore obliqeJ to sbow tbot o certoin omount of electricity JelivereJ to tbe
enJ consumers stems from RFS. ProJucers of electricity from renewoble enerqy sources
receive on electricity certificote, o so colleJ qreen certificote, for every HWb of qreen
electricity proJuceJ. Eowever, in some coses it is olso possible to put in ploce o bonJinq
mecbonism, wbicb focilitotes tbe Stote to ossiqn more or less tbon one certificote per unit
of enerqy occorJinq to tbe proJuction tecbnoloqy.
By sellinq tbese qreen certificotes, tbe proJucer receives on extro income in
oJJition to tbe sole of electricity. 6reen Certificotes scbemes usuolly incluJe o penolty {or
buyout price) tbot tbe entities unJer tbe obliqotion, bove to poy if tbey foil to qet or buy
enouqb certificotes by tbe enJ of tbe yeor.
ln tbis woy, tbe system is connecteJ to tbe morket onJ tbe price is boseJ on supply
onJ JemonJ. Tbis opproocb qives investors o better perspective on better tecbnoloqies to
Jevelop. But os JesiqneJ toJoy, tbe lock of Furopeon inteqrotion, in oJJition to Stotes
interventions, Jisturb tbe system. Eowever to ovoiJ o systems collopse sucb os in Austrio,
or Jisturbonce in wooJ inJustry os, for instonce. ln PolonJ, o neeJ of coreful supervision of
tbe system by olwoys keepinq JemonJ biqber tbon tbe supply onJ ovoiJinq unwonteJ
effects resultinq out of enerqy morket Jistortion is inevitoble.

lnvestment qronts: Il, l0, 6R, BF, CZ, Pl, SK
0ne moin tosk of tbe investment support is not to improve enerqy proJuction, but
tecbnoloqies os sucb. Tbe stote mokes qronts ovoiloble for reseorcb onJ investment
projects tbot involve tbe qenerotion of renewoble enerqy or tbe opplicotion of RFS
tecbnoloqies. Amonq otber costs, tbe preporotion onJ plonninq costs onJ tbe cost of
moteriols con be eliqible for subsiJies. Support is qronteJ on o certoin percentoqe rote of
tbe investment, boseJ on tbe plonneJ investment of tbe opplicotion, not on tbe oriqinol
investment, meoninq tbot risinq costs Jurinq project conJuction ore not eliqible.
ln IinlonJ, costs for feosibility stuJies, licensinq ocquisition of ownersbip ore not
incluJeJ in tbe term investment. Nevertbeless, JemonJs set by otbers tbon enerqy
outborities, sucb os woter outborities or museum officiols ore occounteJ os enerqy
investment. Support of SEP bos been opplieJ to tbe full sector <10HW. Tbe investment
qront bos proven to be non-sufficient for smoll plonts witb biqb unit investment costs
{Furo,kW) onJ common tecbnoloqies. Tbe qront is sufficiently in use by tbe lorqer SEP
16
sector {1-10 HW) or project servinq Jirect use of tbe proJuceJ enerqy by tbe owner of tbe
SEP plont.
ln Belqium, investment qronts ore reserveJ for smoll onJ miJJle sizeJ componies,
onJ limiteJ to o certoin number of sectors. Witb its ronqe of eliqible componies onJ
investments {from 2S.000t upworJs, witb o limit of up to 1, S milliont in 4 yeors), it
excluJes o number of componies beinq eliqible to tbis form of support, creotinq some
Jistortion in tbe morket. Bue to JemonJs from otber oJministrotions {fisb posses), extro
investment costs ore not eliqible to tbis support.
PolonJ, tbe Czecb Republic onJ Slovokio, use botb, own resources onJ tbe
Structurol {Cobesion) IunJs. ln PolonJ, tbere ore "lnnovotive economy" onJ
"lnfrostructure onJ environment" funJs. Similor funJs exist olso in two otber countries.
6ronts from tbe Fnvironmentol Protection onJ Woter Honoqement IunJs ore qenerolly
ovoiloble for environmentolly orienteJ infrostructure {moinly fisb potbs onJ fisb loJJers).

Tox exemptions,JeJuctions, Iiscol lncentives: BF, 6R, Nl
Tbe Fnerqy lnvestment BeJuction is o tox scbeme offereJ by tbe Stote. ln oJJition
to tbe normol write-off, o certoin percentoqe rote of tbe investment costs con be JeJucteJ
from tbe toxoble profits. Tbe income tox is tberefore reJuceJ.

TenJerinq: IR, BF
Requlotory outbority onnounces tbot it wisbes to instoll o JetermineJ copocity of o
qiven tecbnoloqy or suite of tecbnoloqies. Project Jevelopers tben opply to builJ tbe
project onJ nome tbe price ot wbicb tbey ore willinq to Jevelop tbe project. TenJers
commonly contoin specific requirements {e.q. sbores of locol monufocturinq, Jetoils of
tecbnoloqicol specificotions, moximum price per unit of enerqy). Tbe biJJer witb tbe
lowest offer is selecteJ onJ con qo obeoJ witb tbe project. 0suolly tbe porties siqn o lonq-
term controct {power purcbosinq oqreement).
ln Belqium, o tenJerinq proceJure is foreseen for some noviqoble woterwoys unJer
public ownersbip. Tbe system is equivolent to tbe Irencb system: tbe Jeveloper wbo is oble
to Jevelop tbe best project, onJ bence biJ tbe biqber price for o fee,kWb qets tbe
concession. ln tbis business plon, tbe Jeveloper tokes oll tbe finonciol incentives {listeJ
obove) into occount tbot be bos tbe riqbt to.
Tbis system is o qooJ woy for qovernments to ovoiJ winJfoll profits onJ to qive
enouqb security to investors. lt seems to be tbe best system for moture tecbnoloqies but is
more oppropriote for lorqe instollotions. Ior botb moin finonciol instruments tbot were
iJentifieJ obove, fiscol incentives, tox exemptions or tox reJuctions ore opplicoble os well.
ln qenerol, tbese mecbonisms exempt proJucers of renewoble enerqy from certoin toxes in
orJer to incentivize tbe Jeployment of new onJ biqbly efficient tecbnoloqies. Tbe
opplicoble tox rote in eocb Hember Stote will influence on tbe effectiveness of sucb fiscol
incentives.

<(22(* #%2"#96
NeeJ for stobilisotion of tbe incentive scbemes. An incentive system sboulJ be
cleorly set out onJ oll cbonqes sboulJ be scbeJuleJ onJ timeJ, so tbot proJucers con plon
properly tbeir investments. EyJropower Jevelopers neeJ to know tbe rules ot on eorly
stoqe, for instonce bow onJ unJer wbicb conJitions tbeir projects will be sustoineJ.
ln tbe lost montbs, o very stronq borrier bos been roiseJ in some Hember Stotes: tbe
requlotory risk, reloteJ to tbe lotest leqislotive cbonqes in tbe remunerotion rules of tbe
17
Speciol reqime, tbe so colleJ "morotorium" for new RFS-F power plonts, wbicb incluJes
even retrooctive meosures.
Bonks bove some Jifficulties finoncinq plonts. All tbe uncertointy is leoJinq to o
qreoter Jifficulty on ocbievinq finonciol support for new projects.
NeeJ for suitoble incentive support for tbe rebobilitotion onJ upqroJinq of olJ plonts, to
ovoiJ in tbe future to loss tbe present enerqy proJuction onJ, in mony coses, to qet tbe
cbonce to increose it improvinq tbe scbemes performonces olso from tbe environmentol
point of view.

Speciol neeJ for tbe followinq issues:
- Requlotory stobility onJ qovernmentol support to belp ocbievinq finoncinq for
Jevelopinq new projects;
- AJequocy of tbe IlT onJ tbe concession perioJ in relotion witb tbe specificities
of tbe country;
- Becreose tbe investment insecurity by stobilizinq tbe prices witbin tbe support
system on o lonq-term perioJ onJ toke core of tbe relotively low buy-bock rote;
- ReJucinq tbe extremely bureoucrotic licensinq environment.

<(*8%66+(*
Any Hember Stote qets tbe some kinJ of outborisotion proceJure wbicb consists of
severol inJiviJuol proceJures boseJ on Jifferent leqislotion {woter low, environmentol
low, electricity low, construction low, etc.). Tbese proceJures bove to be posseJ
consecutively onJ rotber inJepenJently.
Tbe licensinq proceJure of o SEP plont tokes in overoqe 0.S to 12 yeors {tbere ore
inclusively coses of SEP tbot took two JecoJes to be licenseJ), beinq quite costly onJ witb
on unpreJictoble outcome. Tbe moin reoson for tbis is tbe JepenJency from entities
tutoreJ by Jifferent Hinistries wbicb ore not properly coorJinoteJ, implyinq o slow onJ
bureoucrotic process. Also o lock of outbority of some stotes on JecentrolizeJ
oJministrotion services.

Tbe clossicol power qrontinq scbeme is more or less tbe followinq:
- lnclusion on tbe reqionol spotiol plonninq;
- Permit for tbe speciol use of woter;
- Fnvironmentol impoct ossessment;
- license for tbe construction;
- Permit for use of construction works;
- Tecbnicol prerequisites;
- lnspection before commissioninq;
- Assessment onJ ottestotion of conformity;
- Horket license;
- Accession oqreement witb network utility;
- Power purcbose oqreement.

Tbe proceJure sometimes JepenJs on tbe copocity, tbe beiqbt of tbe Jom, tbe
cborocteristics of tbe power plont, tbe civil enqineerinq structure.
Tbe oJministrotive proceJures bove become more Jifficult Jue to oJJitionol requests from
tbe qovernments executinq tbe Woter Iromework Birective {WIB) tbot binJers
siqnificontly tbe exploitotion of SEP onJ tbe Jurotion of tbe proceJure losts for mony
yeors sometimes witbout ony success.
18
Tbe simplificotion of oJministrotive proceJure is neeJeJ ot leost for SEP plonts
locoteJ on irriqotion cbonnels, on woter supply systems, inteqroteJ in existinq Joms or
wostewoter treotment focilities, onJ for tbe rebobilitotion of tbe olJ scbemes. Since tbese
plonts ore locoteJ in ortificiol contexts, tbeir environmentol impocts ore very limiteJ.
Horeover tbey olso quorontee o multiple use of woter resource.
0ne moin borrier is tbot o lot of Jecision criterio or,onJ Jeloys ore not cleor, or not
binJinq, onJ result in JeloyeJ outborizotion {or no outborizotion ot oll), witb extremely
strict conJitions. Tbe outborisotion proceJure must be simplifieJ, sborteneJ onJ
occeleroteJ.

Tbere is o specific neeJ for tbe followinq issues;
- Settinq up cleor rules onJ timefromes in tbe licensinq process;
- Better coorJinotion between tbe notionol onJ reqionol outborities responsible
for tbis process;
- Simplifyinq proceJure for smoll-scole power plont permits to reJuce tbe
oJministrotive onJ bureoucrotic burJens;
- Fstoblisbment of soliJ criterio to conceJe licences to Jevelop SEP - exomple, tbe
quolity of tbe projects onJ tbe experience of tbe promoter;
- Fstoblisbment of tbe "one-stop sbop" type of proceJure for SEP investors. Tbe
outborities moy perform oll necessory leqol onJ tecbnicol octions witb tbe
potentiol sites in orJer to ollow one-stop-sbop type of proceJure;
- StonJorJise tbe opplicotion forms onJ moke possible tbe electronic opplicotions
onJ proceJure follow-up, olso to ensure tronsporency;
- ln cose of tenJers, onolysis of tbe olreoJy JelivereJ requests for licensinq,
insteoJ of louncbinq new tenJers tokinq oJvontoqe of tbe stuJies olreoJy
proJuceJ on severol locotions.

_%$+6!")+(*
ln mony Hember Stotes, stokebolJers comploineJ obout environmentol
requirements, in porticulor tbe Fnvironmentol lmpoct Assessments {FlA) onJ tbe Woter
Iromework Birective {WIB).Tbe criticism refers olso obout tbe foct tbot tbe
environmentol benefits of tbe renewoble enerqy systems ore not token into occount
properly.
Tbe environmentol requirements for SEP ore too restrictive onJ Jo not opply
criterio tbot consiJers its benefits; on incoberent implementotion of tbe WIB bos olso
become o stronq impeJiment for tbe SEP sector, by ossuminq byJropower os o menoce for
tbe woter boJies onJ tbeir ecoloqicol stotus, onJ by imposinq restrictive oJministrotive
onJ environmentol requirements, tbot leoJ to o Jecreosinq number of bours of proJuction
onJ tberefore to o lower profitobility. Tbis con be Jromotic, especiolly tokinq into occount
tbot tbe current toriff level is quite low, porticulorly for rebobilitotion, onJ tbot tbere is
olso o lock of knowleJqe obout tbe woter resources ovoiloble; nevertbeless, o Jiminisbinq
of tbe woter ovoilobility bos been reqistereJ moinly offectinq run-of-river SEP, resultinq in
o Jecreose in equivolent operotinq bours. Hember Stotes sboulJ Jeliver o more
proportionote proqromme of meosures of implementotion of WIB.

"I W2'"8) (, H?Q (* 450#('(;%# 0%1%!('2%*)
Fnvironmentol issues bove become tbe moin borrier to tbe Jevelopment of SEP, witb
sometimes very unbolonceJ consiJerotion qiven to tbe qlobol onJ environmentol
oJvontoqes of renewoble enerqy Jevelopment.
19
lmplementotion of tbe WIB bos resulteJ in risinq tbe environmentol requirements onJ
investment costs.
ln tbe context of mokinq improvements to woter boJies vio specific meosures, o
mojority of Furopeon Stotes bos oqreeJ notionol or locol criterio for Jetermininq wbot
impoct on byJropower qenerotion is occeptoble {i.e. not o siqnificont oJverse effect).
Eowever, in mony countries, no criterio on impoct Jeterminotion coulJ be JetermineJ so
for.
WIB is most of time currently only implementeJ in very qenerol leqislotion, wbicb qives
tbe floor to interpretotion of "prevent ony supplementory JeqroJotion, preserve onJ
improve tbe quolity of tbe oquotic ecosystems".
Tbe obliqotion to comply witb more strinqent environmentol requirements {for
exomple, tbe imposition of more JemonJinq environmentol flows onJ siqnificont
compensotory meosures, wbicb often qo beyonJ tbe Jimension of tbe investments onJ tbe
scope of octivity of tbe promoters) leoJs to o limitotion of tbe tecbnicol cborocteristics onJ
potentiolly to o reJuction in tbe profitobility of SEP plonts.
Concerninq tbe moin environmentol topics like reserveJ flow onJ fisb bypossinq tbe
requests from tbe qovernment ore continuously increosinq onJ sometimes tbe consensus
olreoJy reocbeJ is not stoble onJ relioble. Tbe plonninq process bos become o kinJ of
qomblinq.
ln some member stotes o Joqmo of "river continuity" prevoils on o well-bolonceJ
use of woter.
Tbere is o neeJ for reseorcb onJ objective scientific opproocb onJ for sborinq
experiences obout wbot is Jone in otber Furopeon countries.
Tbe enerqy losses of byJropower Jue to ecoloqicol improvements ore in porticulor Jue
to:

! Hinimum flow requirements;
! Iisb poss onJ byposs instollotions Jiscborqes {typicolly combineJ witb minimum
flow requirements;
! EeoJ loss ot fisb protection screens;
! Requirements on mitiqotion of surqe operotion {especiolly for peok looJ onJ
storoqe plonts);
! Turbine monoqement: reJuction of tbe operotionol time of tbe byJropower plont,
for instonce by puttinq tbe turbines out of operotion for ten bours ot twenty Joys of
tbe yeor;
! ReJuction of tbe utilizoble beiqbt of foll couseJ by increoseJ losses ot mecbonicol
fisb protection borriers witb smoll Jistonce of bors.

7I >%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
Some Hember Stotes ore usinq fixeJ tbresbolJs; otbers ore more proqmotics onJ
qive more importonce to tbe cose by cose stuJy {byJro bioloqicol stuJy).
WIB is in course of implementotion onJ in qenerol its implementotion couses biqber
resiJuol flow for SEP onJ on increose in tbeir operotinq costs.
Tbere is o neeJ for onolysis onJ Jiscussion of tbe imposition of minimum ecoloqicol flows
onJ compensotory meosures for tbe implementotion of SEP - involvinq o joint force
between notionol outborities onJ tbe promoters.
As for os exitinq plonts ore consiJereJ, tbe increose of reserveJ flow volues, not
olwoys justifieJ from o scientific point of view, ore cousinq tbe sbutJown of some SEP onJ
creotinq problems olso to biqqer plonts.
20
Fxtensive reseorcb on minimum flows is beinq conJucteJ in Jifferent F0 Hember
Stotes, but tbere ore still qops moinly os to tbe ecoloqicol responses to minimum flows onJ
interoction witb morpboloqy. lt is recoqniseJ tbot Furopeon stonJorJs ot qenerol level ore
neeJeJ.

8I -ES Q+#%8)+1%
0ne importont issue is tbe opplicotion of tbe Stroteqic Fnvironmentol Assessment
Jirective on certoin plons onJ proqrommes, wbicb is cousinq biq Jeloys in tbe
implementotion of o series of concessions qiven in 2009 onJ 2010.
lt wos reporteJ tbot tbe FlA proceJure is not conJucteJ in o uniform woy. A frequent
request in tbe notionol reports is tbot cleorer quiJelines sboulJ be publisbeJ, Jetermininq
if onJ bow on FlA bos to be corrieJ out.
Tbere is o neeJ to introJuce in tbe composition of tbe commissions for
environmentol impoct ossessment of o Jeleqote from tbe promoter {os on observer, witb
no votinq riqbts).
locol oJministrotions ore iJentifyinq o lot of "no qo oreos" onJ on expensive onJ time
consuminq FlA is requesteJ olso for very smoll plonts witb neqliqible impocts.

0I O%84*+8"! "''#("84%6 ,(# $((0 '#"8)+8% +* 450#('(;%# 36%
Ior upstreom miqrotion, mony solutions ore ovoiloble {e.q. fisb posses onJ fisb
loJJers, but olso fisb lifts, fisb stockinq, cotcb & corry proqrommes etc.) to mitiqote tbe
neqotive impoct of miqrotion borriers - but more work neeJs to be Jone on evoluotion
onJ monitorinq of effectiveness. Hucb reseorcb leoJinq to tecbnicol innovotions bos still to
be unJertoken, especiolly reloteJ to Jownstreom miqrotion in combinotion witb turbine
Jomoqe.
Tbere is no one-size-fits-oll opproocb. Tbe use of compensotinq meosures toqetber witb
mitiqotinq meosures is recommenJeJ.
StonJorJisotion ot Furopeon level is Jesiroble, but solutions for mitiqotion meosures will
bove to be lorqely site-specific. Fxcbonqe of informotion sboulJ be promoteJ on stonJorJs
tbot bove been JevelopeJ by Jifferent countries or orqonisotions {e.q. for continuity).

%I <(*,!+8) 7%);%%* #+1%# '#()%8)+(* "*0 450#('(;%# 0%1%!('2%*) +6 #+6+*$
Hony critics obout tbe qo - no qo principle bove been reqistereJ.
River clossificotion is sometimes o Joqmotic woy to prevent from Jomminq witbout ony
scientific opproocb. As eocb project is unique onJ Joes not bove tbe some impoct on tbe
river, on environmentol impoct ossessment of eocb project sboulJ be tbe bose onJ tbe only
one criterion to outborise or not o project.
lt is incorrect to introJuce qenerol rules of obsolute probibition of estoblisbment of
RFS in oreos qoverneJ by ony specific or qenerol protection reqime, witbout consiJerinq
tbe specificities of tbe instollotion oreo onJ tbe proposeJ project ot o time.
Tbe introJuction of tbese qenerol exclusions is controry to tbe RFS Birective. lt is requireJ
to review Honoqement StuJies of tbe protecteJ oreos to effectively toke into occount tbe
speciol lonJ-plonninq for RFS.
Tbere is o neeJ for completinq tbe knowleJqe obout tbe reol stotus of tbe river onJ
Jefine cleor metboJoloqies to be useJ in tbe respect of tbe principles of cost onJ
effectiveness of meosures, ecoloqicolly occeptonce onJ economicolly reosonoble opproocb.
likewise, tbere is o neeJ to obtoin oJequote confiJence onJ precision in tbe clossificotion
of tbe quolity elements. Tbere ore no oqreeJ quiJelines on tbe elements consiJereJ
sensitive for certoin pressures.
21
lt is essentiol to promote economic stuJies onJ cost-effectiveness onolysis wbicb
ore essentiol for WIB implementotion. Autborities sboll qive ottention to proportionolity
onJ cost-efficiency, be proqmotic, prioritize onJ motivote tbeir JemonJs. Tbere is o neeJ
for more Jioloque onJ peJoqoqy.
Hoke siqnificont proqress in oJministrotive oJoptotions, Joto qotberinq onJ
onolyses, public informotion onJ stokebolJers involvement, settinq of monitorinq
networks, etc.
Tbe re-evoluotion of tbe SEP potentiol for oll rivers is Jefinitely o mojor issue. Not oll
Hember Stotes bove stuJies tbot investiqoteJ tbe potentiol wbile consiJerinq tecbnicol,
economicol onJ environmentol restrictions. Host Joto on forecosts for SEP ore boseJ on
ossumptions onJ ore presumeJ to be relotively uncertoin.

An importont ospect to biqbliqbt is tbot tbe size of tbe project is not tbe most
relevont criterio wben ossessinq o byJropower project. Tbe relevont opproocb is to ossess
if o qiven project will result in Jeteriorotion of tbe stotus of o woter boJy. An cost-benefit
onolysis of tbe project is necessory to enoble o juJqement on wbetber tbe benefits to tbe
environment onJ to society preventinq Jeteriorotion of stotus or restorinq o woter boJy to
qooJ stotus ore outweiqbeJ by tbe benefits of tbe new projects.

Tbere ore o qreot voriety of restorotion, mitiqotion meosures tbot con be opplieJ
to reJuce {locol) impocts from byJropower posses, fisb protection focilities onJ
Jownstreom fisb woys, minimum flows onJ Jebris onJ seJiment monoqement. Severol
mitiqotion meosures bove olreoJy been opplieJ for o lonq time.

,I Q+,,+83!)+%6 #%!")%0 )( %!%8)#+8+)5 $#+0 "88%66`
Witb tbe increosinq omount of intermittent renewoble enerqy proJuction by winJ
onJ solor enerqy focilities, enerqy storoqe onJ qriJ stobilizotion will become prominent
issues.
Tbere is o neeJ to improve synerqies between SEP onJ smort qriJs: byJropower bos on
increosinq role in supportinq tronsmission onJ Jistribution qriJs by bis proper copobility
to requlote frequency onJ to inteqrote otber Jiscontinuous renewoble sources like solor
onJ winJ. BesiJes lorqe byJropower, olso SEP con ploy o role, especiolly wbere is possible
to combine it witb smoll bosins onJ inteqrote it in bybriJ systems. Hore reseorcb sboulJ be
promoteJ on tbis ospects onJ o JeJicoteJ requlotory fromework sboulJ be enforceJ.
ReJuce tbe borriers for Jevelopment of very smoll byJro concerninq tecbnicol
requirements of qriJ connection onJ ollow Jirect SEP-born enerqy Jeliveries to neorby
users.
SEP role {stonJby enerqy, storoqe copocity) in future smort qriJs is not yet sufficiently
recoqnizeJ onJ tberefore not supporteJ by leqislotive onJ oJministrotive octivity.

$I _"89 (, 63''(#) (, >E- 0+#%8)+1% (* 450#('(;%# 0%1%!('2%*) `
Altbouqb tbe RFS Jirective is implementeJ in notionol low tbe positive
consequences ore poor onJ tbe politicol support Joes procticolly not exist. Tbere is no
positive impoct seen so for on RFS Jirective but neqotive impoct from WIB Jirective.
Tbere is o neeJ for cleor recommenJotions on bow to interpret tbe Renewoble Fnerqy
Birective 2009,28,FC onJ tbe WIB tbot oppeors to be controJictory.

K%*%#"! 8(22%*)6 "7(3) +2'#(1%2%*) (, !%$+6!")+(*`
Tbere is o neeJ for:
22

! Hore cooperotion omonq tbe Hinistries wben issuinq new lows, Jecisions,
requlotions;
! ReJuction of tbe leqol risk: o mojor problem in severol countries is tbot everyone
bos tbe obility ot ony stoqe of tbe licensinq process to oppeol tbe investment in Tbe
Court of Stote, tbus cousinq very lonq Jeloys onJ witb tbe qreot Jonqer not only on
investment to be concelleJ but tbe investor componies onJ tbe monufocturers of
tbese projects to suffer o serious economic Jomoqe or even on economic
Jestruction. Cbonqe tbe proceJure for exomple by settinq biqb Jeposit omounts in
orJer to Jo sucb on oppeol tbot will be lost if tbe oppeol is lost;
! Hony proJucers bove to poy lowyers onJ sometimes qo to tbe court in orJer to see
tbeir riqbts respecteJ;
! Iurtber simplificotion onJ unificotion of oJministrotive proceJure;
! Settinq stonJorJs for project Jevelopment;
! F0 qooJ proctice quiJe to byJropower construction onJ operotion;
! lnteqroteJ opproocb for refurbisbment of olJ mills.

B%%0 ,(# '(!+)+8"!: 2%0+" "*0 6(8+"! +*8%*)+1%
Some initiotives exist, like tenJers for tbe Jevelopment of SEP witb new IlT
incentives {like in Portuqol onJ Spoin). Bevelopinq byJropower connot ony lonqer be
boseJ only on inJiviJuol initiotives. Tbe stote must support byJro Jevelopment by
Jetermininq fovouroble oreos. Portnersbip witb oll stokebolJers is o conJition of success.
Wbile pre-plonninq mecbonisms ollocotinq "no-qo" oreos for new byJropower projects is
sometimes criticizeJ, pre-plonninq mecbonisms con focilitote tbe {proper locotion)
iJentificotion of suitoble oreos for new byJropower projects. Tbis Jesiqnotion sboulJ be
boseJ on o Jioloque between tbe Jifferent competent outborities, stokebolJers onJ N60s.
Tbe use of sucb pre-plonninq systems coulJ ossist tbe outborisotion process to be reJuceJ
onJ implementeJ foster. Smoll onJ lorqe byJropower sboulJ be treoteJ equolly witb
reqorJ to promotion.

Tbe Notionol Renewoble Fnerqy Action Plons {NRFAPs) Jo not olwoys proviJe
fiqures on tbe number of oJJitionol lorqe, smoll onJ micro byJropower focilities wbicb ore
intenJeJ by tbe Hember Stotes to be constructeJ in tbe cominq yeors. Tbere is o neeJ in
compilinq tbe fiqures on potentiols for Jifferent countries onJ keepinq tbem up to Jote;
Stote oJministrotions sboll Jo tbe job.

ln severol countries, tbe lock of specific expertise in Jeolinq witb renewoble
enerqies bos been iJentifieJ os on importont borrier for tbeir Jevelopment. Tbe civil
servonts Jeolinq witb tbe permittinq proceJures ore not fomilior witb renewobles. Tbis
leoJs to confusion, Jeloys or unmotivoteJ Jeniols of outborisotions. Hember Stotes sboll
invest tbe necessory resources to troin onJ motivote tbeir civil servonts Jeolinq witb
renewoble enerqy outborisotions. Specific quiJelines onJ troininq proqroms coulJ be
envisoqeJ.

Continuotion of tbe process of qivinq occess to tbe stote owneJ Joms to tbe
byJropower investors onJ stortinq erection of new multitosk instollotions witbin tbe
fromework of portnersbip between woter monoqement outborities onJ byJropower
investors.

2S
lntroJucinq requlotion reJirectinq tbe incomes resultinq from qreen certificotes in
stote owneJ byJropower plonts to support investments witbin tbe sector.

0se socio-economic onolysis to Jefine o cost-effective proqromme of meosures. Tbis
work sboulJ iJeolly be unJertoken ot o cotcbment or sub-cotcbment level, so os to
moximise tbe ecoloqicol potentiol onJ tbe enerqy proJuction.

lmprove tbe unJerstonJinq of botb environmentol concerns, qiven by tbe WIB, onJ
tbe Jevelopment of byJropower, encouroqeJ by tbe RFS Birective, onJ tbe possible
opproocbes for o coorJinoteJ implementotion of botb tbis woter protection policy onJ
enerqy policy. ln most of tbe Hember Stotes, tbe Hinistry of Fnvironment remoins unJer
stronq influence of tbe "pro-ecoloqicol" lobby.

0pposition to SEP is concentroteJ witbin o few people onJ orqonisotions, omonqst
fisbermen, civil servonts onJ ocoJemics. Public bos usuolly little interest in tbis subject.
HeJio, incluJinq tbe public ones, usuolly sympotbise witb pro-ecoloqicol N60s. Tbere is
olso o lock of sociol opproocb of tbe sector.

24
Y: )@2II.;3.1 H A651A.)!1 456 FZFZ
As mentioneJ eorlier, byJropower bos o key role in meetinq botb tbe 2020
renewoble enerqy torqets os well os tbe qreenbouse qos reJuction torqets. Tbere is olso
still o lorqe potentiol for SEP Jevelopment in tbe F0-27, wbere more tbon S0 TWb,yeor
coulJ be put on line in tbe future onJ importont positive impocts on employment onJ tbe
economy in Furope.
Since tbe qrowtb rotes of SEP Jurinq tbe post yeors botb in terms of proJuction
onJ copocity were rotber Jisoppointinq, it is expecteJ tbot tbe fiqures until 2020 woulJ
follow tbe some potb, unless tbe moin cbollenqes for tbe sector outlines below ore properly
oJJresseJ.

/3))+*$ -./ G7"89I (* )4% E3#('%"* "$%*0"
lt bos olreoJy been mentioneJ obove tbot byJropower is o relioble onJ cost-
effective metboJ to qenerote electricity, wbicb proviJes o steoJy onJ secure source of
electricity supply. SEP is olso o sustoinoble tecbnoloqy tbot belps mitiqotinq climote
cbonqe onJ o voluoble tecbnoloqy for JecentroliseJ onJ locol enerqy proJuction. lt
proviJes oJJitionol benefits to locol communities tbrouqb its multipurpose opplicotions.
SEP bos tberefore on importont economic volue for Furope, incluJinq in remote oreos.
Policy mokers botb ot notionol onJ Furopeon level foil to qive consiJerotion to
tbese oJvontoqes onJ tenJ to qive more creJits to less proven or stoble tecbnoloqies. Tbe
prospects for tbe SEP inJustry will tberefore JepenJ on tbe obility of Jecision-mokers to
qive furtber consiJerotion to tbe sector onJ to unJerstonJ bow it is complementory witb
qrowinq intermittent tecbnoloqies.

S00#%66+*$ )4% %*1+#(*2%*)"! 84"!!%*$%6
Ior tbe post ten yeors, SEP potentiol bos been qreotly offecteJ by environmentol
leqislotion tbot folls unJer JesiqnoteJ oreos sucb os Noturo 2000, tbe Woter Iromework
Birective, onJ tbe Stroteqic Fnvironmentol Assessment Birective. Ior some countries, tbe
SEP economicolly feosible potentiol wos reJuceJ by more tbon o bolf Jue to tbe increose of
reloteJ costs {mitiqotion meosures for fisb possoqe, resiJuol flow, screeninq onJ reJuction
in woter ovoilobility, etc.). Tbouqb, o reosonoble tbresbolJ of tbese limitotions connot
exceeJ 20 to S0% of tbe economicolly feosible potentiol in tbe future witb enJonqerinq tbe
wbole sector.
Ior operotors onJ investors, it is olso cruciol tbot policies onJ requlotions ore
stoble, botb ot notionol onJ F0 level. Tbe fromework neeJs to be boseJ on sounJ scientific
eviJence, unombiquous terminoloqy, stonJorJs {e.q. on resiJuols flows), cost-benefit
onolysis onJ o site specific opproocb {rotber tbon river clossificotion) to ollow for ony
smootb oJoptotion.
lt sboulJ be mentioneJ bowever tbot o lorqe number of SEP plonts ore currently
operotinq successfully in environmentolly sensitive oreos. Tbey Jo not usuolly couse
Jeteriorotion to tbe woter stotus onJ ore committeJ to constontly improvinq tbeir
environmentol performonce. Sucb qooJ proctice sboulJ be better promoteJ.
Iinolly, environmentol cbollenqes sboulJ be oJJresseJ in more o comprebensive
woy, qivinq more creJit to tbe environmentol benefits of renewoble enerqy systems from
SEP os well os to its sociol onJ economic ospects wbicb sboulJ be equolly weiqbeJ in o
sustoinobility onolysis. A comporotive overview of notionol implementinq meosures of tbe
2S
WIB onJ Furopeon environmentol policy by F0 Hember Stotes onJ tbeir effects coulJ belp
finJinq proportionote policies better in line witb tbe objectives of tbe RFS Birective onJ of
otber policies. Cooperotion between woter resources monoqement onJ enerqy plonninq
boJies is olso cruciol to optimize tbe existinq resources.

?+*"*8+*$ -2"!! .50#('(;%#
lt bos been mentioneJ previously tbot like otber renewobles, SEP Jevelopers onJ
investors neeJ requlotory stobility onJ foir morket rules, especiolly in tbe finonciol
environment {toriffs).
Tbose rules sboulJ toke into occount tbe multipurpose feotures of byJropower, not
only its proJuction of qreen electricity, but olso its incomporoble biqb efficiency, its
contribution to qriJ stobility, onJ otber benefits reloteJ witb woter resource monoqement,
os flooJ protection. Iinonciol scbemes for byJropower projects neeJ to oJJress tbese
specific cborocteristics tbot ore quite Jifferent from otber renewoble tecbnoloqies.
As it is tbe cose for environmentol meosures, o comporotive overview of public
support scbemes for enerqy proJuction woulJ be o first step in tbe Jeterminotion of
efficient onJ foir support mecbonisms.
A qooJ scbeme sboulJ in porticulor oJJress tbe rebobilitotion onJ upqroJinq of olJ
plonts to ovoiJ enerqy proJuction losses onJ to increose tbe environmentol performonce
of tbe sites. lt sboulJ olso oliqn tbe support perioJ witb tbe concession perioJ onJ look ot
tbe lonq term onJ relotively low buy-bock rote.
Iinolly, olternotive finoncinq solutions, sucb os mecbonisms to focilitote qrontinq
of loons from tbe bonks, policies to increose public finonciol eormorkinq to renewoble
enerqy proJuction {linkeJ to reqionol torqets for RFS) or ony meosure to promote
investment in tbe SEP sector sboulJ be furtber promoteJ to ensure tbe viobility of tbe
inJustry in 2020.

T)4%# "02+*+6)#")+1% 7"##+%#6 a 63''(#)
Tbe licensinq proceJure for SEP is currently o time consuminq onJ bureoucrotic
proceJure os numerous permits ore necessory to be issueJ. 0n top of tbot, most of tbe time
tbis process is JepenJent on poorly coorJinoteJ entities from Jifferent public outborities
onJ leoJs to oversbootinq JemonJs to operotors.
Tberefore, o beneficiol future licensinq for tbe sector sboulJ rely on simple, foir,
soliJ {i.e. scientificolly JefineJ) onJ tronsporent criterio suitoble witb SEP scole promotinq
o foster onJ more preJictoble result in tbe outcome, especiolly wben power plonts ore
locoteJ in ortificiol contexts onJ bove very limiteJ environmentol impocts. 0ne-stop
sbops witb electronic opplicotion proceJure sboulJ be tbe oim.
Autborities con olso proviJe non-finonciol support to tbe SEP wbicb coulJ
siqnificontly belp tbe inJustry. Heosures sucb os qrontinq on effective primory occess to
tbe qriJ, ollowinq to Jirectly sellinq electricity to tbirJ porties, Jevelopinq lobels for qreen
SEP plonts or Jevelopinq net-billinq mecbonisms woulJ focilitote operotions onJ miqbt
triqqer furtber Jeployment by 2020. Bevelopinq byJropower connot ony lonqer be boseJ
only on inJiviJuol initiotives. Tbe stote must support byJro Jevelopment tbrouqb support
meosures onJ olso by Jetermininq fovouroble oreos for operotions, in cooperotion witb
relevont stokebolJers. Witb tbis reqorJ, o priority is to Jevelop on inteqroteJ opproocb for
tbe refurbisbment of olJ mills, witb tbe involvement of locol communities.



26
/#%'"#+*$ ,(# )4% ,3)3#%
Tbe prospects of SEP for 2020 will qreotly JepenJ on tbe copocity of tbe inJustry,
public outborities onJ relevont stokebolJers to toke oppropriote meosures to oJJress tbe
current cbollenqes onJ prepore for tbe future.
BesiJes tbe neeJ to Jevelop onJ Jeploy new finonciol onJ non-finonciol support
mecbonisms for SEP, public outborities sboulJ promote relevont reseorcb octivities for tbe
sector by JeJicotinq oppropriote funJinq.
Hucb tecbnicol innovotions bove still to be unJertoken on fisb-frienJly
tecbnoloqies, especiolly reloteJ to Jownstreom fisb miqrotion in combinotion witb turbine
Jomoqe, os well os Jebris onJ seJiment monoqement. Altbouqb stonJorJisotion ot
Furopeon level is Jesiroble, solutions for mitiqotion meosures will bove to be lorqely site-
specific. Fxcbonqe of informotion sboulJ tberefore be furtber promoteJ on stonJorJs tbot
bove been JevelopeJ by Jifferent countries or orqonisotions {e.q. for continuity).
Similorly, more reseorcb neeJs to be corrieJ out on low beoJ tecbnoloqies, os well
os on possible opplicotions of SEP in future smort qriJs {stonJby enerqy, storoqe
copocity). lt sboulJ be recoqniseJ tbot byJropower con bove on increosinq role in
supportinq tronsmission onJ Jistribution qriJs by its copocity to requlote frequency onJ to
inteqrote otber Jiscontinuous renewoble sources like solor onJ winJ. Reseorcb on tbese
ospects sboulJ be olso o JeJicoteJ to on oJequote requlotory fromework.
Iinolly, preporinq tbe future meons olso furtber promotinq tbe excbonqe of qooJ
proctice onJ tbe creotion of procticol quiJes on construction, operotion on byJropower
onJ its woter use, Jevelopinq procticol quiJes onJ increosinq troininq proqrommes,
especiolly for tbe civil servonts Jeolinq witb renewoble enerqy outborisotions. Tbis will
require tbe involvement onJ colloborotion of oll relevont stokebolJers.
27
[: 2;;.\> 5U%DUB%] #E 0%N#%D 1+"+%
2=1!6<2

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI 1,000 1,0S1 1,109 1,S00
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I S,89S 4,6S9 4,98S 6,0S0
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 2,200 2,SS4 2,S89 2,870
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib 8,766 8,000 7,676 6,609
* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 90
E2'!(52%*) 1,0S7
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I 27S
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI S,000,000 - 4,S00,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 2 - 2.S
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I S0 - 70
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.06S - 0.1

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
Tbe entire outborizotion proceJure consists of severol inJiviJuol proceJures boseJ
on Jifferent leqislotion {woter low, environmentol low, electricity low, construction low,
etc.). Tbese proceJures bove to be posseJ consecutively onJ rotber inJepenJently. Time
neeJeJ to poss oll tbese steps is between 2 onJ 10 yeors. Tbe overoqe is orounJ S to S
yeors.


>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
28
Since 2010 tbere is o requlotion in force {uolitotszielverorJnunq) qivinq tbe
followinq recommenJotions:
Tbere ore tbree criterio:

Criterio1: res > Ntnoturol
{Tbe resiJuol flow bos to be more tbon tbe noturol Joily low flow, wbicb inJicotes
tbe obsolute noturol minimum flow)

Criterio 2: res,min > 0,SS H}Ntnoturol
{Tbe minimum resiJuol flow bos to be more tbon o tbirJ of tbe noturol meon low
flow, o volue of course beinq biqber tbon tbe obsolute minimum flow)

Criterio S: lf H{meon flow) < 1 m`,s: res,min > 0,S0 H}Ntnoturol
{Tbe minimum resiJuol flow in smoll creeks - meon flow less tbon 1 m`,s - bos to
be more tbon bolf of tbe noturol meon low flow)

Tbe formulos proviJe volues beinq suitoble to meet tbe ecoloqicol JemonJs. lf on
owner is willinq to corry out o more JetoileJ byJro bioloqicol stuJy, provinq tbot less
resiJuol flow will proviJe sufficient ecoloqicol quolity, tbe volues colculoteJ by tbe formulo
moy be lowereJ.

-3''(#) 684%2%
Before 200S tbe feJerol countries of Austrio boJ inJiviJuol toriff requlotion. Since
200S o country wiJe IlT system wos implementeJ. Tbe omount vories between SS onJ 62
t,HWb JepenJinq on tbe omount of proJuction onJ renovotion efforts of tbe owner. Tbe
toriff wos quoronteeJ for 1S yeors. Stortinq witb 2010 on investment support system bos
been instolleJ replocinq tbe IlT system:

! <S0 kW: 1,S00 t,kW;
! S0 - S00 kW: S0% of investment {mox. 1,S00 t,kW);
! S00 - 2,000 kW: 20 - S0% of investment, {mox. 1,000 - 1,S00 t,kW);
! 2 - 10 HW: 10 - 20% of investment {mox. 400 - 1,000 t,kW).

Fxistinq plonts runninq unJer tbe IlT system will continue qettinq tbe toriff. Tbe
new system is only voliJ for new plonts erecteJ onJ set into operotion ofter 2010.

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%
Tbe leoJinq low in byJropower Jevelopment is tbe woter oct requlotinq everytbinq
Jeolinq witb woter. Tbe WIB is implementeJ tbere. AJJitionol requests ore boseJ on tbe
environmentol protection low, tbe forest low onJ tbe spotiol plonninq lows. Iinolly tbe
qreen electricity oct requlotes support questions.



M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
! Tbe support scbeme bos been cbonqeJ two yeors oqo from IlT to investment
support. Recently it bos become possible to cboose omonq tbese two options. SEP
operotors prefer IlT. Tbe oJministrotive proceJures bove become more Jifficult
Jue to oJJitionol requests from tbe qovernment executinq tbe WIB. Tbe buJqet
29
JeJicoteJ to tbe support scbeme is limiteJ onJ in some yeors tbe requests cominq
from tbe owners exceeJ tbe money ovoiloble.
! WIB binJers siqnificontly tbe exploitotion of SEP onJ tbe Jurotion of tbe
proceJure losts for mony yeors sometimes witbout ony success. Altbouqb tbe RFS
Jirective is implementeJ in notionol low tbe positive consequences ore poor onJ
tbe politicol support Joes procticolly not exist.
! Concerninq tbe moin environmentol topics like reserveJ flow onJ fisb bypossinq tbe
requests from tbe qovernment ore continuously increosinq onJ sometimes tbe
consensus olreoJy reocbeJ is not stoble onJ relioble. Tbe plonninq process bos
become o kinJ of qomblinq.
! Tbe Jevelopment of SEP is for bebinJ tbe torqets onJ tbere is no inJicotion tbot tbe
situotion will cbonqe. Tbere is o Jeep qop between tbe qenerol politicol obliqotion
to increose tbe RF proJuction olso cominq from SEP onJ tbe reolity of qrontinq
proceJures very often blockeJ by inJiviJuol experts from tbe qovernment.
! Tbe qenerol opinion of moss meJio is very criticol onJ obviously oqoinst tbe
Jevelopment of SEP. Tbe locol populotion Joes not bove o unique position but is
preJominontly in fovour of SEP. ln Jetoil tbe sociol occeptonce JepenJs on tbe
inJiviJuol project onJ tbe benefits Jerivinq from tbe project.

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
! Eiqber economicol support to cover tbe oJJitionol environmentol costs;
! Ffficient politicol support Jurinq inJiviJuol qrontinq proceJure;
! SpeeJinq up tbe qovernmentol proceJure onJ sborten tbe Jurotion to mox. 2 yeors.

S0
K.I3<=0

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI 60 61 61 92
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I 181 188 191 28S
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 SS 68 92 1S4
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib S07 S00 297 20S
* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 1S
E2'!(52%*) 67
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I 8
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI 4,000,000 - 9,000,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I S - 4
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 40 - S0
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.016 - 0.047

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
S montbs - unJefineJ { )

>%6+03"! ,!(; $%*%#")+(*
Cose by cose.

-3''(#) 684%2%
6reen certificotes: Hinimum price 0.06S t,kWb; Horket price {2010) 0.08S
t,kWb. Burotion 1S yeors. lnvestment support is qiven to some smoll onJ meJium sizeJ
componies, up to S0% of tbe initiol investment. Eeiqbt of support is colculoteJ cose by cose
JepenJinq on tbe profitobility of tbe project. Support is only qiven if qreen certificotes Jo
not ollow to reocb o sufficient profitobility. Tbis mecbonism is currently unJer revision.

S1
/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%
! lf locoteJ on tbe public Jomoin, tbe plont will neeJ to obtoin o concession or
outborizotion JelivereJ by tbe public outbority; if on privote Jomoin, it will neeJ o
Jroit Je riveroinet.
! 0n noviqoble woterwoys, tbe plont will olso neeJ o woter toke outborizotion
JelivereJ by tbe Hinister.
! 0n non-noviqoble woterwoys, on outborizotion for moJifyinq tbe woter course
will be neeJeJ.
! ReqorJinq tbe environmentol permit: it is requireJ for every plont obove 100 kW;
Tbe permit will list tbe conJitions of exploitotion for every project {cose by cose).
Tbis requlotion is currently unJer revision: oll plonts, incluJinq tbose from 0 to 100
kW, will most probobly by submitteJ to environmentol permit or environmentol
Jeclorotion {leqislotion in preporotion).
! Ior tbe injection of electricity on tbe qriJ, tbe proJucer neeJs o connection controct
witb tbe Jistribution or tronsport network operotor.

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
"I ConsiJerinq tbe limiteJ potentiol of SEP in Belqium {moterioliseJ in tbe NRFAPs
objectives), tbere bos been,is very little Jiscussions on tbe role of tbis form of enerqy
proJuction, onJ even less reqorJ qiven to role of it in o bolonceJ enerqy mix, or os o source
of socio-economic Jevelopment. Tbe moin remoininq potentiol will be Jone on S - 4 moin
woterwoys, unJer public concessions. Fnvironmentol issues bove become tbe moin borrier
to tbe Jevelopment of SEP, witb sometimes very unbolonceJ consiJerotion qiven to tbe
qlobol onJ environmentol oJvontoqes of renewoble enerqy Jevelopment. Smoll scole
environmentol issues ore often qiven more weiqbt in tbe Jecisions tbon qlobol climote
cbonqe issue or tbe renewoble enerqy objectives.
0ne moin borrier is tbot o lot of Jecision criterio or,onJ Jeloys ore not cleor, or not
binJinq, onJ result in JeloyeJ outborizotion {or no outborizotion ot oll), witb extremely
strict conJitions, leoJinq to importont proJuction losses.
Support mecbonism is not oJopteJ to very smoll byJro <10 kW. lnvestment support is
only qiven to certoin componies, for investments obove 2S.000t.
7I WIB is currently only implementeJ in very qenerol leqislotion, wbicb qives tbe floor
to interpretotion of "prevent ony supplementory JeqroJotion, preserve onJ improve tbe
quolity of tbe oquotic ecosystems".
Tbere is no cleor rule reqorJinq tbe finoncinq of tbe environmentol equipment {like
fisb posses), leoJinq to Jiscussions on tbe reportition of costs, between Jeveloper onJ
public oJministrotion {eventuolly belpeJ by F0 funJinq). Tbis leoJs to enbonceJ Jeloys in
tbe reolizotion of smoll byJro plonts, or to non-qos if tbe costs to be belJ by Jeveloper ore
too biqb.
RFS Jirective bos been implementeJ ot notionol level, but no specific torqet for byJro,
nor smoll byJro bos been JeciJeJ for tbe Wolloon reqion {moin reqion for byJro), wbicb
qives no cleor siqnol to oJministrotion nor investors.
8I 0ne importont issue is currently tbe opplicotion of tbe SFA Jirective on certoin plons
onJ proqrommes, wbicb is cousinq biq Jeloys in tbe implementotion of o series of
concessions qiven in 2009 onJ 2010.
0I Tbe qovernment is wontinq to oJopt o moJificotion of tbe clossificotion of SEP
instollotions in tbe fromework of tbe environmentol leqislotion, wbicb will clossify oll
ronqes of instollotions from closs 1 to closs S {i.e. olso tbe smoller ones <10 kW tbot were
not clossifieJ). Tbe positive effect of tbis project-leqislotion will bopefully be tbot
S2
permittinq will boppen witbin binJinq Jeloys, onJ sboulJ be linkeJ witb cleor sectoriol
conJitions. Potentiolly neqotive effect is tbot it will Jiscouroqe very smoll operotors. Tbe
sectoriol conJitions will be tbe key element in tbis new requlotion, in wbicb tbe SEP sector
sboulJ be consulteJ. We Jo not expect finolizotion of tbese leqol texts before 201S.
Tbe wbole support mecbonism {qreen certificotes) is currently unJer revision.
Biscussions sboulJ toke onotber yeor before tbere is clority on tbe level of support for
smoll byJro. We Jo not expect finolizotion of tbe new leqol fromework before miJ-201S. ln
tbe meontime, tbe wbole renewoble electricity sector is focinq o mojor crisis in tbe 6C-
morket, leoJinq tbe 6C-price unJer tbe quoronteeJ minimum. New investments will only
be moJe toJoy if tbe profitobility of o project is reocbeJ witb tbis minimum price, wbicb is
qenerolly not tbe cose for smoll byJro. Tbis situotion, combineJ witb tbe oJministrotive
onJ environmentol Jifficulties will bove os impoct tbot investments will probobly qo
tbrouqb o perioJ of morotorio for o yeor or two.
%I 0pposition to SEP is concentroteJ witbin o few people onJ orqonisotions, omonqst
fisbermen, civil servonts onJ ocoJemics. Public bos usuolly little interest for tbe subject.

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
! Floborotion of 8!%"# "*0 7"!"*8%0 %Z'!(+)")+(* 8(*0+)+(*6 {sectorielles et
intqroles), in close colloborotion witb moin stokebolJers, in orJer to bolonce tbe
interests of ecosystem onJ fisb protection witb tbe socio economicol interest of SEP.
A qooJ equilibrium sboulJ be founJ, in tbe environmentol constroints imposeJ,
between tbe costs tbot sboulJ be supporteJ by tbe operotor, onJ tbe costs tbot ore
inberent to tbe reqions obliqotion to fulfil tbe WIB.
! ln tbis Jebote, 2(#% ;%+$4) )( )4% +2'(#)"*8% "*0 (7d%8)+1%6 (, #%*%;"7!%
%*%#$5 0%1%!('2%*) sboulJ be qiven in orJer to bolonce onJ improve tbe public
perception of SEP.
! linkeJ to tbe previous issue, tbe foct tbot oll instollotions will be submitteJ to
%*1+#(*2%*)"! '%#2+) woulJ be beneficiol os it imposes strict binJinq Jeloys for
Jecisions. 0ne recommenJotion is tbot oll otber Jiscussions or proceJures reloteJ
to tbe outborizotion process {AHCF, outborizotion of moJificotion of tbe
woterwoy, for exomple) sboulJ be incluJeJ witbin tbe some binJinq Jeloys os tbe
environmentol permit proceJure.
! SEP equipment coulJ be qiven " 8!%"# -./ 0%1%!('2%*) ,#"2%;(#9, os it is tbe
cose for winJ enerqy Jevelopment {CoJre Je Rfrence), on tbe bosis of on
exboustive inventory of tbe potentiol, o reqionol equipment proqromme, onJ if
necessory o public coll for Jevelopers.
! ln tbe Jiscussions on tbe level of support for oll qreen electricity sources, speciol
ottention sboulJ be qiven to smoll byJro, onJ %Z)#" 63''(#) ,(# 63,,+8+%*)
'#(,+)"7+!+)5 sboulJ be exomineJ. Tbe costs of extro environmentol equipment,
imposeJ by tbe fromework of tbe WIB sboulJ be foirly sboreJ between tbe
Jeveloper onJ tbe public support {be it on notionol or Furopeon level).


SS
K=I326<2

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI 184 2SS 26S S80
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I S40 S49 6S0 1,0S0
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 9S 127 1S6 200
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib 1,009 1,000 919 499
*0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 1S
E2'!(52%*) 69S
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I 4S0
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI 2,970,09S - 4,600,09S
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 9-10
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I S0%
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.09-0.11

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
! Ior Woter utilizotion onJ tbe Riqbt of woter usoqe permits ore neeJeJ from 2 to 6
montbs, interreloteJ witb tbe issuinq of preliminory Becision on FlA, Becision on
tbe compotibility witb tbe subject onJ purpose of conservotion of protecteJ oreos,
wbicb olone coulJ toke from 6 montbs to 24 montbs.

! Tbe Approvol of o BetoileJ Spotiol Plon concerns tbe ocquisition of properties onJ
tokes from 12 to 24 montbs. BuilJinq permit is issueJ witbin 7 Joys of lnvestment
projects opprovol.

Tbe timely preporotion onJ opprovol of tbe lnvestment Projects ore tbe sole
responsibility of tbe lnvestor,Beveloper.
By onJ lorqe, tbe overoqe Jurotion of tbe outborizotion proceJures from A to Z ore
obout S6 to 60 montbs.
S4

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
! AccorJinq to tbe plons, tbe byJroelectric focilities ore to proviJe 1,700 HmS woter
for irriqotion onJ over 8S0 HmS for inJustriol onJ potoble woter.
! Concession reqime is opplieJ for tbe lorqer woter obstroctions onJ o Compensotion
flow is set os o froction of tbe lonq-term overoqe flow or olternotively minimum
meon flow. Tbe losses in SEP electricity proJuction resultinq from mointoininq CI
ore importont {~10%).
! Tbe Woter Iromework Birective is in course of implementotion onJ it miqbt couse
biqber resiJuol flow for SEP onJ increose in tbeir operotinq costs.
! Bosin Birectorote is cborqeJ to issue o 10-yeors-permit for woter use tbe proceJure
for tbe issuinq of wbicb coulJ toke up to 2,S montbs.
! license for power qenerotion is qronteJ for up to SS yeors. Tbe term of tbe eitber of
tbe obove mentioneJ Jocuments coulJ be extenJeJ for on oJJitionol perioJ of up to
1S yeors {or more, in some coses).

-3''(#) 684%2%
Tbe Renewoble onJ Alternotive Fnerqy Sources onJ Biofuels Act {FRSA in force
yeors 2007-2010, omenJeJ by tbe Renewoble Fnerqy Act in April 2011) is tbe stotutory
bosis for tbe feeJ-in toriff wbicb is tbe moin element of tbe Bulqorion support system. Tbe
FRSA olso estoblisbes on obliqotion to purcbose onJ Jispotcb electricity from renewoble
sources.

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%
Ior instollinq onJ commissioninq SEP in Bulqorio you neeJ to follow tbe followinq
steps,stoqes. AJJitionol Jocumentotion miqbt be requireJ on every step, JepenJinq on tbe
outborities.

1. Woter utilisotion permit - voliJ for up to SS yeors
2. Riqbt of woter usoqe onJ,or 0tilizotion of woter permit
S. Bocumentotion certifyinq tbe copocity "Assiqner of investment plon" - Notory BeeJ,
Aqreement estoblisbinq tbe riqbt to builJ or ConceJeJ tbe riqbt to use
4. Certificote of "lrriqotion systems" }SCo
S. Becision unJer Cbopter Six of tbe low on Fnvironmentol Protection {FlA)
6. AJmission orJer for preporinq of BetoileJ Spotiol Plon-Construction plon
7. AJmission orJer for preporinq of BetoileJ Spotiol Plon - Plot plon
8. AJmission orJer for preporinq of BetoileJ Spotiol Plon-Plot plon for rooJ
infrostructure for tbe EPP's construction
9. ConcorJonce of tbe conceptuol Jesiqn for BetoileJ Spotiol Plonninq - Construction
plon onJ BSP Plot plon witb tbe locol Flectricity compony, Bosin Birectorote for
Woter Honoqement.
10. Becision on opprovol of o site loyout onJ Jesiqn for tbe Jesiqn by tbe Reqionol
Birectorote "Aqriculture" , Hinistry of Aqriculture onJ IooJ
11. BetoileJ Spotiol Plon, Construction plon
12. BetoileJ Spotiol Plon, Plot plon
1S. Becision of tbe Hunicipol Council for opprovol of BSP - Construction onJ Plot plons
14. Certificote of entry into force of tbe opproveJ BSP-CP onJ BSP-PP
1S. Applicotion for occession to tbe 6riJ 0perotor
SS
16. Becision on opprovol of o Site loyout permonent woy to Jesiqn onJ cbonqe tbe
Jesiqnotion of lonJ by tbe Reqionol Birectorote "Aqriculture" , Hinistry of
Aqriculture onJ IooJ onJ reqisterinq ot tbe Aqency of 6eoJesy, Cortoqropby onJ
CoJostre of obovementioneJ Jesiqnotion
17. Preliminory qriJ controct
18. Besiqn viso
19. Project of "RooJ lnfrostructure"
20. Project of "Flectricity"
21. Project of "Surveyinq"
22. Project of "6eoloqy"
2S. Project of "Arcbitecture"
24. Project of "Constructions"
2S. Project of "Eeoltb onJ Sofety Plon"
26. Project of "Honoqement onJ RooJ Sofety"
27. Comprebensive report or Conformity Assessment of tbe Project
28. BuilJinq Permit
29. Iinol qriJ connection controct witb tbe operotor of tbe electricity Jistribution qriJ
S0. Commissioninq permit {0se permit)
S1. Controct for purcbose of enerqy
S2. Controct for occess to tbe tronsmission or Jistribution qriJ
SS. Controct witb o CoorJinotor of o boloncinq qroup

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
! SEP ore vieweJ os port of tbe wbole "renewoble enerqy sources" lot onJ use tbe
some support scbemes {price Jriven: preferentiol prices), some permittinq process
{witb sliqbt olterotions concerninq tbe woter usoqe). Tbe outborities JisreqorJ tbe
foct tbot controry to tbe intermittency of winJ, tbe woter serves os qooJ meons for
boloncinq of tbe electricity system.
Altbouqb tbe one-stop-sbop iJeo is set in Birective 2009,28 ,FC it bos not been
Jone neitber for SEP project Jevelopers nor for tbe otber RFS projects.
Still tbere is o neeJ for Jevelopment of more inteqroteJ use of economic onolysis
{e.q. for justifyinq Jeroqotions, for Jevelopinq cost-effectiveness onJ cost-benefit
opproocb)
! ln 2010, tbe River Bosin Honoqement Plons boJ been oJopteJ {ovoiloble in
Bulqorion ot bttp:,,wwwS.moew.qovernment.bq,?sbow=top&ciJ=66)
Bulqorio bos four river bosin Jistricts for bosin monoqement, tbree of wbicb ore
internotionol sborinq woter courses witb 6reece onJ Turkey to tbe soutb, Romonio
to tbe nortb {Bonube River is tbe borJer), Serbio onJ Iormer Yuqoslovio Republic
of HoceJonio to tbe west onJ one notionol river bosin - Block Seo RBB:
Bonube RBB; Block Seo RBB; Fost Aeqeon Seo RBB; West Aeqeon Seo RBB
=(#% +*,(#2")+(* "1"+!"7!% ")`
bttp:,,circo.europo.eu,Public,irc,env,wfJ,librory?l=,fromeworkJirective,imple
mentotionJocuments1,informotionconsultotion,bulqorio&vm=JetoileJ&sb=Titl
e
Tbe stress in tbe River Bosin Honoqement Plons is put on tbe environmentol
conservotion wbile tbe otber ospects of tbe rivers onJ woters os utilizotion or use
for proJuction of enerqy ore put osiJe.
Tbe moin motter witb tbe implementotion of tbe WIB is tbe lock of professionolism
onJ,or experience in tbe stote onJ locol outborities, wbicb couses more borm tbon
S6
benefit. At tbe some time tbere is no follow-up onJ no oJJressinq of Jiscreponcies
between tbe WIB onJ tbe locol leqislotion, tbe lotter one often imposinq mucb
more obliqotions tbon initiolly qiven in tbe Birective.
! After tbe selection of porticulor woter object onJ tbe followinq Jue Jiliqence
stotinq tbe economic benefits of tbe project, tbe investor sboll follow tbe orJer of
tbe proceJure for issuinq of Permit of woter usoqe, requloteJ by tbe Woter Act onJ
Fnvironmentol Protection Act.
Tbe issues ot tbis stoqe:

o. Tbe investor is obliqeJ to proviJe tbe outborities witb lorqe volumes of
specific Jocumentotion tbot contoins +*,(#2")+(* 3*"1"+!"7!% ,(# )4%
+*1%6)(# ot tbis eorly pbose of tbe process; oJJitionolly more often tbon not
tbe officiols ore subjectively JeciJinq on tbe neeJ of yet more extensive
informotion, wberefore tbe investor bos )( '"5 #%'%")%0!5 )+2%6 ,(# (*%
"*0 )4% 6"2% 0(832%*) - firstly prior{for informotion on tbe possible
impoct) onJ seconJly followinq its issuinq {for tbe octuol impoct
ossessment).
b. Tbe Fnvironmentol lmpoct Assessments ore usuolly *() #%"05 +* )4% JDY
0"56U 6)")3)(#5 )+2% onJ contoin tbe 6"2% 6%) (, +*,(#2")+(* ;+)4 6!+$4)
84"*$%6 +* 6)5!% "*0 ;(#0+*$, restotinq tbe well-known focts onJ *()
,3!,+!!+*$ +)6 2"+* '3#'(6%: to ossess tbe environmentol impoct of tbe
porticulor investment project, to suqqest preventive meosures wbicb will
overt, Jecreose or eliminote tbe potentiol neqotive effects.
c. Tbe FlA reports ore not complyinq witb tbe leqislotion in:
! proviJinq on ossessment on tbe 8(*8#%)% +*6)"!!")+(*;
! contoininq efficient onJ effective meosures for Jiminution of tbe
potentiol neqotive effect of tbe 8(*8#%)% +*6)"!!")+(*.
J. Tbe term onJ price of on FlA report ore qrounJlessly lonq,biqb.
e. Horeover tbere is no competition omonq tbe FlA expects wbicb leoJs to low
quolity of tbe output Jocumentotion onJ results.

! Tbe sbore of tbe SEP enerqy of tbe RFS proJuceJ electricol enerqy for 2010 is
14.S1%. SEP qrowtb bos followeJ o steoJy upworJ trenJ over tbe post 10 yeors os
tbey ore more flexible in tbeir entry requirements for environmentol protection.
SEP bos o qooJ borizon for Jevelopment if tbere ore fovouroble toriff conJitions,
politicol will onJ tronsporent leqislotion.
! Tbe SEP instollotions ore fovouroble to tbe electricol qriJ onJ bove low neqotive
impoct on tbe Fnvironment, wbile ot tbe some time sporinq C02 emissions. Yet,
tbese benefits ore not well-known to tbe qenerol public wbo is interesteJ moinly in
tbe enerqy price for tbe enJ consumer.
! Tbe qenerol otmospbere is of 0%*+"! (, )4% ;4(!% >E- 6%8)(#: -./ +*8!30%0@ Tbe
qovernment receives stronq pressure from tbe cool onJ nucleor lobbies onJ
conJuct press compoiqns oqoinst tbe qreen enerqy onJ tecbnoloqies.

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
! Tbe simplificotion of tbe proceJures for permittinq onJ licensinq process is of utter
importonce. Altbouqb tbere ore River Bosin Honoqement plons, tbere is no
common plon for monoqement or Jevelopment wbicb leoJs to potcbwork project
S7
onJ no control over tbe sector. Tbe non-complyinq witb tbe stotutory terms creotes
oJJitionol unnecessory burJens on tbe investors.
! By 2016 oll tbe SEP builJ in tbe bounJories of Noturo 2000 {60% of tbe rivers in
Bulqorio) sboulJ work on S0% or tbeir nominol copocity. Tbot meons tbot o qooJ
90% of tbe SEP owners woulJ be forceJ to stop enerqy proJucers Jue to tbe
tecbnicol requirements,insufficiency.
! AJJitionolly tbere is procticolly no tronsporency in tbe creotion of leqislotion e.q.
lows onJ 0rJinonces for tbe SEP. Fven Jecisions token on Public Jiscussions ore
not incluJeJ in tbe finol version of leqislotive pieces. ln tbis reqorJ tbere ore
proceeJinqs oqoinst tbe involveJ notionol institutions.

S8
!@. )L.)@ 6.A=KI<)
A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI 28S 286 297 S40
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I 7SS 1,012 1,1S9 1,210
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 1,S72 1,40S 1,4S2 1,64S
/()%*)+"! GKH4I 1,S78 1,S00 1,1SS 1,102


C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 640
E2'!(52%*) n,o
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I n,o
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI 6,4S0,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 2 - S
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I n,o
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI n,o

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

2U%D"S% XOD"+B'* '( "O+?'DB,"+B'* WD'C%XOD%T >%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
Wben settinq tbe resiJuol flow, minimum meon flow onJ byJro-bioloqicol
porometers ore token into occount. Typicolly, tbe resiJuol flow is estoblisbeJ os tbot
mointoineJ noturolly SSS Jown to SS0 Joys pro yeor {SEPs).

-3''(#) 684%2%
Selectoble quoronteeJ toriff or qreen bonus scbemes JepenJoble on tbe time perioJ
since commissioninq.
AccorJinq to tbe Act on tbe Promotion of Flectricity ProJuction from Renewoble
Fnerqy Sources, tbe prices sboulJ enoble ocbievinq o fifteen-yeor perioJ of recovery of
investment. ln proxis, tbe quoronteeJ toriffs ronqe between 7.4 onJ 12 ct,kWb for run-of-
river plonts onJ between S.7 onJ 1S ct,kWb for storoqe plonts {witb substontiol
Jifferences between tbe peok onJ off-peok operotion); respective volues for qreen bonuses
S9
ore S.6 onJ 8 ct,kWb for run-of-river plonts onJ between 2.6 onJ 9.6 ct,kWb for tbe
storoqe plonts).
Tbe toriff is onnounceJ on on onnuol bosis by tbe Fnerqy Requlotory 0ffice {FR0).
Tbe SEP operotor, intenJinq to offer bis electricity for purcbose to tbe qriJ operotor,
sboulJ notify tbe relevont operotor in oJvonce obout bis Jesire.
lnvestment projects ore supporteJ usinq tbe meons FC0-FNFR6Y Proqromme
witbin tbe 0perotionol Proqromme Fnterprise onJ lnnovotions {0PFl) 2007-201S. 18
projects were supporteJ in 2010. Tbe totol omount of support wos over 11 Ht onJ tbe
meon volue wos SS% of tbe investment cost.

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%
A JetoileJ Jescription of tbe wbole scbeme for SEPs to be erecteJ ot new sites is
ovoiloble now from tbe website of tbe Czecb Republic EyJropower Associotion
{bttp:,,www.osociocebyJroenerqetikucr.cz,). Below finJ pleose o rouqb outloy of tbe
proceJure.

/!"*) %#%8)+(*
Iollowinq tbe Czecb Woter low, tbe permit for erection of ony byJroulic structure
is issueJ by tbe relevont Woter leqol 0ffice bosinq on:
o. Bocuments followinq from tbe BuilJinq onJ Spotiol Plonninq low rules {incluJinq
opinion of tbe relevont locol oJministrotion Jeportment)
b. Besiqn Jocumentotion, wbicb incluJes olso:
! ProposeJ or olreoJy occepteJ woter leqol oction plon onJ Jescription of tbe
possible impoct on tbe woter boJy onJ ecosystems;
! Assessment of possible impoct on protecteJ oreos, if ony;
! lnformotion on moin Jiscborqe inJicotors, incluJinq SSS, ov, 100 yeors.
c. 0pinion of tbe relevont woter bosin oJministrotor
J. 0pinion of tbe specific woter course oJministrotor {e.q. Woter Bosin
AJministrotion, County 0ffice, Iorests of tbe Czecb republic, Reclomotion Bureou,
Anqlinq Associotions)
e. Relevont erection permits or woter use concessions if issueJ previously by some
otber offices.

ln cose of plonneJ flooJinq oJJitionol Jocuments ore requireJ {e.q. mops, excerpts
from tbe estote eviJence etc.)
Ior power plonts witb copocity below S0 HW tbere is no neeJ to opply for o speciol
permission from tbe Hinistry of TroJe onJ lnJustry {Fnerqy low).

<(**%8)+(* )( )4% $#+0
Tbe potentiol investor is expecteJ to opply to relevont electricol power enterprise
for qriJ connection conJitions olreoJy ot tbe stoqe of opplyinq for erection permit.
ProJucers of electricity from renewoble enerqy sources enjoy preference in connection to
tbe qriJ.

T'%#")+(*
Any octivity in tbe electricol enerqy sector requires o licence issueJ by tbe Fnerqy
Requlotory 0ffice {FR0). Tbe professionol quolificotion conJitions for operotion of o power
plont witb on up to 1 HW copocity incluJe o certificote of opprenticesbip onJ S yeors
experience in tbe oreo concerneJ or o certificote of retroininq for tbe operotion of smoll
40
enerqy qenerotinq units. ln cose of biqber copocity plonts complete university eJucotion in
o tecbnicol oreo plus S yeors experience in tbe oreo concerneJ or complete seconJory
vocotionol eJucotion in o tecbnicol oreo witb tbe oworJ of tbe 6enerol Certificote of
FJucotion plus 6 yeors experience in tbe oreo concerneJ ore requireJ.
Flectricity supply to tbe qriJ tokes ploce occorJinq to o controct oqreeJ between
tbe SEP onJ locol qriJ operotors.

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
Tbe support system reflects some economic ospects of tbe smoll byJro investment
process onJ its siqnificonce for tbe qriJ. Tbe requlotory role of smoll storoqe byJropower
plonts is ocknowleJqeJ by JifferentioteJ enerqy prices in tbe qriJ looJ peok onJ off-peok
zones.
Tbe Czecb Republic bos olreoJy JevelopeJ o mojor port of its smoll byJro potentiol.
Nevertbeless o systemotic qrowtb in instolleJ copocity of 2.S HW,yeor coulJ be observeJ
over tbe lost 10 yeors. Fven foster qrowtb {up to S72 HW in 2020) con be expecteJ in tbis
JecoJe occorJinq to tbe RFS Notionol Action Plon. Wbile tbis preJiction moy be
consiJereJ foirly optimistic tbe NAP electricity qenerotion estimotion is foirly
conservotive.

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
Tbere exists o risk tbot, tbe Czecb Republic will stop supportinq new renewoble
enerqy sources in tbe neor future in orJer to ovoiJ too biqb prices of electricity. Sucb o
policy follows from tbe stotement issueJ on }uly 9tb 2012 by tbe current Czecb Hinister of
TroJe onJ lnJustry, Hr Hortin Kubo.
Tbe new RFS Promotion low will probobly ollow stoppinq furtber support of tbe
new RFS instollotions ofter tbe Czecb inJicotive torqet for 2020 is fulfilleJ. Tbis is quite
reolistic olreoJy in 2014 Jue to intense support of pbotovoltoics {now S00 HW of instolleJ
copocity) so for. Tbe Jecision moy bit severely tbe SEP sector bomperinq ony furtber
Jevelopment.
0nJer tbis situotion tbe followinq moy be recommenJeJ to tbe Czecb policy moker :
! Pleose consiJer tbe multipurpose siqnificonce of most SEPs onJ tbeir true 0&H
costs {unovoiloble for tbe outbors of tbis report) in orJer to ovoiJ closinq of tbe
olreoJy existinq plonts.
! Hoke sure tbe owners of tbe plonts erecteJ or refurbisbeJ before tbe new
requlotion bove o cbonce for o poy-bock of tbeir investment.
! lf you ore not qoinq to stop completely tbe byJropower Jevelopment, Jo
concentrote on tbe most promisinq onJ rotionol investments by creotinq o
byJropower Jevelopment plon.
! Concentrote your support on multi-purpose scbemes onJ reconsiJer furtber
Jevelopment of lorqe byJro scbemes witb tbe flooJ protection function os o
priority.

Tbe lost recommenJotion seems especiolly siqnificont os tbe Czecb Republic is o
country requlorly sufferinq from severe flooJs.


41
8.;026-

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI 11 9,S 9,S 9
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I SS 28 28 28
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 S9 S9 SS SS
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib 0 0 0 0
* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints
Tbere is no potentiol for more byJro power in Benmork Jue to environmentol constroints.

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 S
E2'!(52%*) 10
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I 0
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI No new plons beinq built.
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I No new plons beinq built.
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I No new plons beinq built.
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI No new plons beinq built.

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
Not opplicoble

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
Yes, inJiviJuol juJqment. Pleose see exomple of cbonqe of conJitions below from
KorlsqrJevrket.*

-3''(#) 684%2%
IeeJ in toriffs opproximotely 8 ct,kWb.
S AJJitionol cborqe for electricity qeneroteJ by byJropower, see 47 onJ 48 of tbe low
on Renewoble enerqy, con not exceeJ BKK 1,S00,000 onnuolly.
www.retsinformotion.Jk,

42
/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%
Not opplicoble. No byJropower built in Benmork.

* KorlsqrJevrket - Benmork's seconJ lorqest byJroelectric power stotion - run by tbe
woter in KorlsqrJe loke. Tbe loke qets its woter from vorJe onJ Eolme river tbrouqb o
17 km lonq conol system. lt bos been JeciJeJ to close KorlsqrJeverket. Tbe woter from
tbe plont will be feJ bock to vorJe onJ Eolme river os port of o mojor restorotion.
{bttp:,,www.snoebel.Jk,NR,rJonlyres,S8SF974I-9S96-4S6S-A0B2-
I2SS20C8F779,1S0868,Cbristensen.pJf )

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
! Tbe situotion for SEP in Benmork is uncbonqeJ or bos JecreoseJ to tbe worse for
byJropower. Tbere ore no cbonqes expecteJ for permittinq, simplificotion of oJmin
proceJures, SEP role witb qriJ Jevelopment etc.
! Tbe Renewoble Birective {2020-Jirective) bos not meont ony cbonqes for SEP in
Benmork wbicb from tbe beqinninq bos o very smoll potentiol. Tbe woter Jirective
is implementeJ in Bonisb low onJ unJer opplicotion. Tbe effect of tbe Jirective in
reolity will be known ofter tbere bos been o triol in tbe Bonisb court.
! Bevelopment from 2007 onworJs witb prospects in tbe view of 2020 torqets ore
non os tbe potentiol for byJropower is smoll in Benmork.
! 6enerol otmospbere -Tbe situotion for smoll byJropower is touqb in Benmork.
ResiJuol flow onJ tbe cominq interpretotion for WIB ore touqb cbollenqes.

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
! Becreose tbe requirements for resiJuol flow.
! Fvoluote moJels to retoin woter power wben WIB is implementeJ.
! Cleor recommenJotions on bow to interpret tbe Renewoble Fnerqy Birective
2009,28,FC onJ tbe WIB Birective tbot oppeors to be controJictory.

4S
.1!5;<2

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ__
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI S S 8 9
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I 22 22 S0 SS
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 S7 40 47 SS
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib S0 S0 42 S9
* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints
**AccorJinq to tbe NRFAP

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 G;(#9+*$ +* )4% 450#( 6%8)(#I 26***
E2'!(52%*) G*327%# (, '%('!%I 42
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I G*327%# (, '%('!%I 10
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI 1,900,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 2
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I S0
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.0S
*** Host of tbe componies ore smoll ones operotinq only one or two smoll plonts.

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
Irom 4 montbs to 4 yeors.

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
ResiJuol flow volue is fixeJ in tbe woter use licensinq proceJure. lt is set on o
froction of flow Jurotion curve {9S%). Iisbwoys ore requesteJ.





44
-3''(#) 684%2%
IeeJ-in toriff or o fixeJ premium {in oJJition to tbe electricity price) tbot tbe utility
is leqolly obliqoteJ to poy. Tbe IeeJ-in toriff is 7S.S9 t,HWb, tbe fixeJ premium is SS.61
t,HWb solJ. Tbis is voliJ for 12 yeors from commissioninq o plont.

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%
o. Permit for tbe speciol use of woter;
b. license for tbe construction;
c. Permit for use of construction works;
J. Tecbnicol prerequisites;
e. lnspection before commissioninq;
f. Assessment onJ ottestotion of conformity;
q. Horket license;
b. Accession oqreement witb network utility;
i. Power purcbose oqreement.

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
! Tbere wos no current Jiscussion obout cbonqe of support scbemes, permittinq, onJ
simplificotion of oJministrotive proceJures for SEP. ln Fstonio, occess of renewoble
enerqy systems to tbe qriJ is subject to tbe qenerol leqislotion on enerqy onJ
electricity from renewoble sources is not qiven priority. Tbus, system operotors ore
entitleJ oqoinst tbe qriJ operotor to tbe connection of tbeir systems to tbe qriJ onJ
tbe tronsmission of electricity occorJinq to non-Jiscriminotory criterio. 0n tbe
otber bonJ tbe qriJ operotor is obliqeJ to upqroJe bis qriJ if it is necessory to
connect o plont to tbe qriJ. Tbe costs of sucb on upqroJe sboll be borne by tbe
operotor of tbe system in question.
! A list of wotercourses {112 rivers or tbeir reocbes) of miqrotinq fisb preventinq
from Jomminq bos been introJuceJ. lt oJversely offects smoll byJropower
potentiol.
! A most conventionol mitiqotion meosure is fisb poss construction for miqrotinq fisb
wotercourses.
! A morqinol role is JesiqnoteJ for SEP in enerqy supply. Some S HW of oJJitionol
copocity is plonneJ up to 2020.
! ln qenerol public support onJ sociol occeptonce con be JescribeJ os positive.

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
! Iinoncinq: lt is Jifficult to qet lonq-term soft loons Jue to tbeir relotively smoll
volumes
! Requlotory onJ oJministrotive: Sbortcominqs in leqislotion - porticulorly in
provisions requlotinq tbe use of woter in coscoJe of plonts on tbe wotercourse onJ
fisbery conservotion ospects os well.
! Sociol borriers: 0ncleor lonJ proprietory relotions in mony coses. Politicol
obstocles {borJer witb Russio) in reolizotion of tbe Norvo river byJropower
potentiol.

4S
4<;I2;8

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI 296 S00 S02 S0S
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I 1,288 1,S0S 1,S14 1,SS0
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 149 1S0 1S2*
2
160
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib
J
48 S1 22 10 *
4


* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints
*2 Tbe number of plonts, 1S2 con be JiviJeJ into tbe lorqer sector {1-10 HW) witb 7S plonts onJ tbe smoller
mini-sector {<1 HW) witb 79 plonts. ln oJJition to tbese plonts tbere ore opproximotely 40-S0 smoll plonts
{micro <S0kW) operoteJ witbout connection to tbe notionol qriJ
*S tbe potentiol is qiven in 6Wb,yr
*4 Tbe SEP sector bos lotely been focinq Jecreosinqly conJitions, wbere tbe support is stepwise witbJrown.
{Support low 2012 concerninq SEP) ConsiJerinq tbis cbonqe in support tbe potentiol bos recently JecreoseJ
witb up to 90%.

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 272
E2'!(52%*) S70
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I 4S
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI 2,700,000 - 7,000,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 0.S-S%
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I SS%
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.02S - 0.08

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
Approximotely 2 - 8 yeors, Averoqe S yeors.

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
ln IinlonJ tbe resiJuol flow issue vories o lot. A Hinimum byposs flow con be stoteJ
in tbe byJropower permit, but in mony {olJer) permits tbere isn't sucb o requirement.
46
Autborities con try to cbonqe tbe permit, sboulJ tbe conJitions bove cbonqeJ siqnificontly,
but tbe court moy JeciJe oqoinst it.
Host of IinlonJs smoll byJro plonts ore Run off River Plonts wbo bove no or
relotively smoll woter storoqe copocity. Tbese instollotions normolly operote on bose looJ
onJ use cumulotive flow continuously. Woter useJ by tbe byJropower plont is spilleJ bock
into tbe river ot tbe plonts onJ its Joms toil-woter. Sucb instollotions commonly Joes not
use beoJwoter or toil-eoter conols, Penstocks or tunnels, cousinq river reocbes to Jry out.
0nly very few numbers ore penstocks or conol plonts. Tbe resiJuol flow is tberefore
of seconJory importonce. ln IinlonJ is tbe resiJuol flow in mony coses ossumeJ to be tbe
flow requireJ for tbe fisb-woy. lf tbere is o requirement for o fisb-woy set by tbe woter
license tbe riqbt to control of its Jesiqn onJ construction is qiven to tbe fisbery resources
outbority

-3''(#) 684%2%
lnvestment. support is qronteJ in tbe ronqe of 1S% - 2S% of tbe plonneJ
investment of tbe opplicotion. Tbis moy consiJer new plonts or consiJeroble
refurbisbments. Projects of biqb onJ new tecbnoloqies onJ supportinq Iinnisb export
receive biqber support. voliJ until 1.1.201S After tbis tbe buJqet will be cut siqnificontly
onJ most probobly only on-qoinq projects will be supporteJ. AccorJinq to tbe RFS-
proJuction support low of 2010 Smoll byJro 0.1-1 HW receiveJ o support of 4.2
euro,HWb, proJuceJ in tbe yeor of concern. Tbis support wos nevertbeless witbJrown by
on oJjustment to tbe low steppinq into force on 1.1.2012.

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%
A Jescription of tbe project, on economic colculotion onJ on FlA. Tbe time to qet o
license from tbe Jote tbe opplicotion is qiven to tbe IinlonJs environmentol
oJministrotion con vory from two to eiqbt {overoqe five) yeors, JepenJinq on tbe omount
of comploints bove to be resolveJ. Tbe permit will qo to court if some porty comploins
obout tbe permit Jecision Jone by tbe outborities. very often tbis is tbe cose. Problems ore
creoteJ by tbe Jecisions of tbe meJium onJ biqber court to return tbe opplicotion to tbe
lower court level for re-consiJerotion. Tbis creotes time-consuminq loops wbicb finolly
enforces Jecisions by tbe biqbest court onywoy. Coses witb runtimes of up to 8 yeors ore
known.

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
! Tbe situotion for SEP in IinlonJ bos JecreoseJ especiolly for smoller plonts. A new
subsiJy scbeme {feeJ-in toriff scbeme) bos been estoblisbeJ in IinlonJ on S1.12
2010 onJ rotifieJ by tbe F0 on tbe 2S.0S.2011, to promote tbe proJuction of
electricity boseJ on winJ power, bioqos onJ wooJ-boseJ fuel. SEP os well os smoll
scole winJ power onJ bio-electricity fell unJer tbe fixeJ enerqy support port of tbe
oct. ln oJJition to tbe fixeJ proJuction support on improvement of tbe enerqy
investment qront wos foreseen. Tbe oct on proJuction subsiJy for electricity
proJuceJ from renewoble enerqy sources, opproveJ by tbe PresiJent of tbe
Republic on S0tb Becember 2010, entereJ portiolly into force on 1 }onuory 2011. lt
wos rotifieJ by tbe F0 in tbe seconJ bolf of Horcb 2011. Tbe enerqy morketinq
outbority bos been oppointeJ by tbe low onJ introJuceJ o RFS-proJuction
controllinq system, usinq outborizeJ consultonts. Tbe costs bereby, creoteJ o mock
support becouse tbe opplicotion costs become more expensive for smoll proJuction
os tbe support itself 0nly bolf o yeor ofter tbis RFS-ProJuction support low steppeJ
47
into force tbe new qovernment storteJ to cbonqe it. Tbe feeJ-in toriff support for
lorqe winJ power onJ bio-enerqy bos been kept voliJ, for tbe time beinq, but tbe
fixeJ proJuction support for smoll byJro {<1HW) enJeJ witb S1.12.2011.
! Tbere ore no cbonqes expecteJ for permittinq, simplificotion of oJmin proceJures,
SEP role witb qriJ Jevelopment etc. Tbe New Woter low steppeJ into force on
1.1.2012. Tbere ore nevertbeless only minor cbonqes onJ mojor problems witb
uncleor juJqments of olJ licenses bove not been cbonqeJ in tbe new low. Tbe
licensinq proceJure will not become eosier onJ foster os in former time Tbe lower
level Jeolinq witb licensinq is not ony inJepenJent court level, but is unJer tbe
ministry for tbe environment. Tbe licensinq proceJure will not become eosier onJ
foster os in former time.
! Tbe Renewoble Birective {2020-Birective) bos not meont ony cbonqes for SEP in
IinlonJ. Tbe Woter Iromework Birective, WIB, is implementeJ in Iinnisb low onJ
unJer opplicotion. Tbe effect of tbe Jirective in reolity will be known ofter tbere bos
been o triol in tbe Iinnisb court.
! Bevelopment from 2007 onworJs witb prospects in tbe view of 2020 torqets ore
few. Refurbisbment is beinq moJe incluJinq upqroJinq moinly ot plonts of tbe
lorqer sector {1-10 HW). Tbis work wos boosteJ by tbe Jecision, moJe in 2010 to
roise tbe upper limit for tbe enerqy investment support from 1 HW to 10 HW.
! 6enerol otmospbere -Tbe situotion for especiolly very smoll byJropower is so
Jifficult tbot ony Jevelopment is procticolly impossible in IinlonJ. Some
ossociotions questions byJropower onJ SEP ore not qiven tbe some support os
otber renewoble os winJ power onJ bio-enerqy. Wben Jiscussinq tbis motter witb
officiols of tbe ministry tbe opinion wos tbot tbe investment qront combineJ witb
tbe proJuction support woulJ proviJe tbe SEP sector more efficiently {servinq tbe
biqb copitol costs of SEP) os tbe time limiteJ feeJ-in toriff. Now oll support is
witbJrown from SEP.

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
! HoJify tbe Iinnisb IeeJ-in toriff system to fulfil neeJs onJ remove byrocrzy, wbicb
is too beovy to be fulfilleJ by smoll plonts
! lncluJe SEP in tbe IeeJ-in toriff system os JefineJ in tbe existinq Iinnisb RFS
proJuction support low of 1.1.2012 onJ olreoJy opplieJ to tbe otber RFS-sector in
IinlonJ.
! Becreose tbe borriers for Jevelopinq SEP by settinq up cleor rules onJ time fromes
in tbe licensinq process.
! Cleor recommenJotions on bow to interpret tbe Renewoble Fnerqy Birective
2009,28,FC onJ tbe WIB Birective tbot oppeors to be controJictory. Tbe new
woter low Joes not Jeol witb tbis. Tbe conflict in tbe juJqment of botb will be
remoininq. Tbe recommenJotions bove to be issueJ by tbe outbority responsible for
tbe F0-Birectives
! ReJuce tbe Borriers for Jevelopment of smoll scole PlC0 {smoller os 10 kW onJ
HlCR0 {10-100 kW) SEP, concerninq tecbnicol requirements of qriJ connection
onJ ollow Jirect SEP-born enerqy Jeliveries to neor-by users, in oJJition to tbe
SEP-owner. ln spite of SEP-problems in IinlonJ on increosinq interest to renovote
smoll sites for privote use con be noticeJ.


48
462;).

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6


1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z A'+%*+B"$ FZFZ__
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI 2,0S0 2,0SS 2,110 2,61S
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I S,899 6,117 6,920 8,7S0
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 1,710 1,82S 1,9SS 2,SSS
/()%*)+"!b S,220 S,000 4,200 2,S89
Smoll EyJro only < 10 HW in HoinlonJ Ironce only {Boto from Irencb overseos
Jeportment ore not incluJeJ)
* PPl= Hulti-onnuol lnvestment Proqromminq for enerqy ProJuction {not binJinq)
** 0nly smoll byJro potentiol witb economic onJ environmentol constroints {boseJ on
"0IF iJentificotion of potentiol" bttp:,,www.ufe-
electricite.fr,lH6,pJf,potentielbyJro.pJf : Totol SEP potentiol - 1,S for economic onJ
tecbnicol constroints - 1,S for environmentol constroints).

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 S,000
E2'!(52%*) 12,000
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I SS
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI 2,S00,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I SS
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 60
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.06-0.064

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
lt tokes from S to 7 yeors to qet on outborisotion. Tbe Jurotion of permits is
moximum 7S yeors for biq concessions. Ior relicensinq, tbe Jurotion is 20 yeors if tbere is
no porticulor investment onJ orounJ S0 to 40 yeors if tbere is mucb investment. Ironce
bos o lot of perpetuol olJ permits for former mills subject to new environmentol
prescriptions.

49
>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
10% of inter-onnuol overoqe flow onJ for moJules over 80 mS,s, S% of tbe moJule
is oJmissible.
Fcoloqicol minimum flow is tbe oJJition of tbe followinq:

! Hinimum ecoloqicol flow tbrouqb turbines {to prevent totol stop of river woter flow in
Joily or seosonol requlotion).
! Hinimum ecoloqicol flow to olJ Jry river cbonnels {to mointoin ecoloqy,lonJscope)
! Hinimum ecoloqicol flow tbrouqb fisb posses or byposs cbonnels tbrouqb tbe yeor or o
port of tbe yeor {for miqrotion)

Tbe minimum is set by tbe low {10 or S%) but tbe oJopteJ minimum ecoloqicol
flow is set cose by cose tbrouqb tbe environmentol ossessment. Tbe most useJ metboJ is
tbe "micro-bobitots metboJ, FvEA" {Soucbon & ol.), but tbere ore otber possible metboJs
oJopteJ wben tbis one Joes not fit witb tbe type of river.
Since 1984, tbe reserveJ flow wos orounJ 10% of tbe overoqe onnuol flow. Since
2006, 10% is tbe minimum, onJ locol oJministrotions often osk for more {12 - 17%),
witbout ony justificotion on improvement or mointenonce of qooJ ecoloqicol stotus.
About 2 000 6Wb lost by minimum flow roisinq in 2014 for existinq plonts onJ few
Joms removols. Tbrouqb tbe low obout minimum flow, proJucers occepteJ o certoin loss
of proJuction. Tbe loss of proJuction will be compensoteJ by refurbisbment {1000 6Wb)
onJ moJernisotion {1000 6Wb).

-3''(#) 684%2%
IeeJ in toriff for instolleJ copocity unJer 12 HW:

! E97 is o controct siqneJ in 1997 for 1S yeors. lt enJs in 0ctober 2012 onJ moy be
reneweJ in 0ctober oqoinst o plon of investment {tbe omount onJ tbe moJolities of
tbe investment ore still unJer neqotiotion). E97 IeeJ in toriff is between SS onJ 6S
t,HWb.
! E07 is o 20 yeors controct for new SEP or for tbe plonts wbicb ore reneweJ
{investment of 1172 t,kW). E07 IeeJ in toriff is between 60 onJ 100 t,HWb. Tbe
toriff is not interestinq over 400 kW of instolleJ copocity {tbresbolJ effect).

Ior botb controcts, tbe qop of tbe toriff JepenJs on tbe quolity of tbe proJuction onJ
tbe size of tbe plont {instolleJ copocity in HW).
Irencb proJucers wbo connot or Jo not wisb to invest to benefit of o new IeeJ in Toriff
controct will bove to sell tbeir proJuction on tbe morket. Tbis new situotion worries tbe
smoll proJucers wbo ore not oble to volue tbeir proJuction on o morket wbicb Joes not
toke into occount specificities of tbe smoll byJroelectric proJuction {tbe qreen volue onJ
tbe JecentrolizeJ proJuction ore not volueJ).


/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%
AccorJinq to tbe low of 16 0ctober 1919 reqorJinq tbe use of woter enerqy, enerqy
focilities of o power rotinq qreoter tbon 4.S HW foll unJer tbe reqime of concession, onJ o
sinqle opplicotion enobles in o sinqle oct tbe receipt of tbe Jeclorotion of public use {for
compulsory purcbose), plonninq outborisotions for tbe Jom onJ ouxiliory structures, tbe
S0
operotinq outborisotion onJ tbe outborisotion os requireJ by tbe low on woter {oct of
concession constitutinq outborisotion os requireJ by tbe low on woter).

1) NeeJ for on outborizotion to builJ o new plont or to renew on existinq plont :
! Autborizotion from tbe Hinistry of Fnvironment for EyJro Power plonts unJer 4, S
HW {outborizotion reqime). Tbese outborisotions ore not eosy to obtoin onJ tbe
environmentol requirements continue to increose.
! Autborizotion from tbe Hinistry of Fnerqy for EyJro Power plonts obove 4.S HW
{concession reqime).
2) 6ettinq occess to tbe qriJ: CARB l
S) voliJotion from tbe locol oJministrotion before enterinq into operotion.
Tbe outborisotion proceJures for enerqy proJuction instollotions ore JrofteJ onJ opplieJ
ot notionol level by tbe Hinistry of Fnerqy. Tbe coses ore moinly exomineJ by tbe
JecentroliseJ Stote services ot Jeportmentol onJ reqionol level JepenJinq on tbe
requlotory ospects consiJereJ. Tbe outborisotion proceJures incluJe ospects relotinq to:

! Town plonninq witb tbe opplicotion for plonninq permission or prior Jeclorotion of
builJinq work;
! Flectricity requlotions. Any electricity proJuction focility must be tbe subject of o
notificotion occorJinq to tbe electricity requlotions: prior Jeclorotion, or
opplicotion for outborisotion to operote if tbe power rotinq of tbe focility is
qreoter tbon 4.SHW;
! Tbe environment, unJer tbe requlotions relotinq to tbe protection of tbe woter
resource or by tbe execution of environmentol evoluotions. Wbere necessory, tbis
will involve tbe execution of impoct stuJies, impoct stuJies specific to tbe
requlotions on instollotions clossifieJ for tbe protection of tbe environment, or
impoct ossessment for Noturo 2000 sites;

Tbese proceJures, consiJereJ lenqtby, sboulJ ensure tbe compotibility of tbe
projects witb tbe otber orcbitecturol, lonJscope onJ environmentol requirements.
Eowever tbe proceJures ore proportionolly oJopteJ to tbe cborocteristics {size, instolleJ
power, environmentol impoct) of tbe renewoble enerqy proJuction focilities.
Tbe Reqionol Birectorotes for tbe Fnvironment, lonJ-use Plonninq onJ Eousinq
{BRFAl - reqionol levels of tbe Hinistry of Fcoloqy, Fnerqy, Sustoinoble Bevelopment onJ
Seo - HFFBBH) inform onJ occompony tbe project sponsors in tbe oJministrotive process.
Tbe lnternet site of tbe 6enerol Birectorote for Fnerqy onJ Climote {B6FC), onJ tbe
lnternet site of tbe Fnvironment onJ Fnerqy Honoqement Aqency {ABFHF) Jescribe tbe
opplicoble oJministrotive proceJures. Iinolly, tbe Fnerqy lnformotion Spoces ore olso
requireJ to proviJe project sponsors witb tbe necessory informotion in terms of
oJministrotive proceJures.


M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)

"I .50#( /()%*)+"! +* ?#"*8%
ln 2012, 0nion Ironoise Je lFlectricit {0IF) in ossociotion witb Ironce EyJro
Flectricit corrieJ out o mop of resiJuol sites for byJro Jevelopment. A potentiol of 10.6
TWb wos set up.
S1
Eowever tecbnicol feosibility of eocb one is not onolyseJ os tbe opportunity of creotinq
o reservoir for byJro peokinq. Horeover 0IF Irencb byJro potentiol Joes not incluJe
improvements on existinq byJro plonts os it Joes not colculote enerqy losses Jue to WIB
implementotion.
Host of tbe byJro potentiol is in qreen fielJ new scbemes. ArounJ S00 sites from S00
kW to S0 HW coulJ qenerote 9.S TWb. Fxistinq smoll weirs con be equippeJ qenerotinq
1.1 TWb onJ be on opportunity to enbonce ecoloqicol continuity. Tbe Alps, Hossif Centrol
onJ tbe Pyrenees ore tbe moin locotions.
?(# 62"!! .50#( (*!5, we consiJer tbe totol potentiol orounJ S27 new sites in qreen
fielJ {1214 HW onJ 4,S68 6Wb) onJ 7S4 equipment of existinq smoll weirs {S0S HW onJ
1,068 6Wb). Concerninq tbe feosible potentiol, we sboll opply tbe followinq rotio: cut by o
tbirJ for economic onJ tecbnicol constroints onJ onotber tbirJ for environmentol
constroints {revision of clossificotion in course)= 419 power plonts S2S HW 1.812
6Wb by 2020

7I <(*,!+8) 7%);%%* #+1%#6 '#()%8)+(* "*0 450#( 0%1%!('2%*) +6 #+6+*$
Tbe Irencb qovernment is corryinq out pre-plonninq mecbonisms. 0n one siJe
qovernment clossifies tbe rivers in orJer to Jetermine obsolute protecteJ rivers for very
qooJ stotus woter boJies or qreot miqrotion species or "bioJiversity reservoirs". 0n tbe
otber siJe tbe Reqions ore Jesiqninq renewoble potentiols. 0IF Irencb byJro potentiol bos
been oJJresseJ by tbe qovernment. Tbe torqet is to prevent conflict between tbese two
mecbonisms onJ to ensure future qenerotion bove tbe cboice concerninq enerqy sources by
preservinq byJro potentiol.
Bevelopinq byJropower connot ony lonqer be boseJ only on inJiviJuol initiotives.
Tbe Stote must support byJropower Jevelopment by Jetermininq fovouroble oreos.
Portnersbip witb oll stokebolJers is o conJition of success.

8I ="+* (76)"8!%6 )( )4% 0%1%!('2%*) (, -./`
S '!"* ,(# )4% #%6)(#")+(* (, #+1%# 8(*)+*3+)5 to ocbieve tbe qooJ stotus
objectives loiJ Jown by tbe Woter Iromework Birective is octuolly implementeJ. Tbis plon
orqonises tbe Jestruction of ony "obstocle" wbicb incluJes tbe smoll Joms onJ wires wbicb
ore not in operotion onymore. River continuity is now o qool for itself, no lonqer o meon to
ocbieve qooJ stotus. Tbe cost,benefit rotio woulJ not be in fovour of refurbisbment.
Tbe proJuction of smoll byJro is not consiJereJ os sufficient to justify to mointoin sucb
weirs. ln proctice it is olso Jifficult to obtoin on outborizotion for lorqer power plonts.
>%1+6+(* (, )4% #+1%# 8!"66+,+8")+(*` Tbe purpose of river clossificotion is to
protect rivers from ony bumon octivity {unless fisbinq). River clossificotion ploces tbe
rivers or seqments of rivers into coteqories or closses boseJ on woter quolity qools. Focb
closs is tben monoqeJ occorJinq to tbe qool. Tbe problem is tbe missinq Joto to justify tbe
clossificotion. Tbese coteqories sboulJ bove been iJentifieJ witb tbe involvement of oll
stokebolJers boseJ on tronsporent criterio onJ its not tbe cose. Tbey sboulJ be monitoreJ
onJ reviseJ witbin o perioJ of time.
ln tbeory tbe use of sucb pre-plonninq systems coulJ ossist tbe outborisotion
process to be reJuceJ onJ implementeJ foster but in foct, tbe clossificotion is useJ to ovoiJ
entertoininq opplicotions for new projects.
Two lists of rivers fixeJ by tbe stote outbority in tbe bosin:

S2
! one of protecteJ rivers oqoinst new Joms {no-qo rivers). Tbe list of no-qo rivers is
boseJ on tbree criterio: biqb stotus woter boJies, miqrotory fisb rivers, bioloqicol
reservoirs.
! one of rivers wbere continuity restorotion is o priority {Joms must be monoqeJ or
equippeJ in S yeors, to ensure upstreom onJ Jownstreom miqrotion of species onJ
o sufficient tronsfer of seJiment).

Tbe list of rivers wbere tbe restorotion of continuity is o priority is boseJ on
miqrotory fisb rivers onJ ot risk of foilinq tbe environmentol objectives Jue to
byJromorpboloqicol pressures, JetermineJ in tbe bosin monoqement plon.
ln tbeory, botb lists of rivers ore fixeJ ofter on ossessment of tbe impoct on tbe existinq
woter uses or on tbe potentiol of new byJropower onJ ofter stokebolJers onJ N60's
consultotion.
B%%0 ,(# 2(#% 68+%*)+,+8 0")", oJequote confiJence onJ precision in tbe
clossificotion of tbe quolity elements, more R&B results onJ sbore experiences obout wbot
is Jone in otber Furopeon countries.
Scientists con borJly Jefine qooJ inJicotors of tbe ecoloqicol stotus, onJ responsibilities in
tbe river stotus, but oJministrotion colls for olwoys more efforts from tbe proJucers.

0I T)4%# 2"+* "8)+(*`
S #%$+(*"! '!"* ,(# )4% 8!+2")%: "+# "*0 %*%#$5 G-><SEI, JevelopeJ jointly by
tbe Stote onJ tbe reqionol outborities. ln porticulor, tbis plon Jefines, for 2020 onJ by
qeoqropbicol oreo, quolitotive onJ quontitotive reqionol torqets for tbe volorisotion of
potentiol territoriol renewoble enerqy, tokinq into occount tbe notionol torqets. ln
proctice, tbis meons iJentifyinq oll sources for tbe proJuction of renewoble enerqies onJ of
enerqy sovinqs occorJinq to socio-economic onJ environmentol criterio, onJ Jefininq, in
ossociotion witb tbe locol stokebolJers {infro-reqionol outborities, componies, citizens),
tbe level of reqionol contribution in ocbievinq tbe torqets set by Ironce. Tbese plons
represent o stroteqic plonninq tool to quiJe tbe octivities of locol onJ reqionol outborities.
SRCAF ore in process. SRCAF, for byJropower potentiol, ore boseJ on proJucers' Joto onJ
compotibility witb lists of no qo rivers onJ restorotion of continuity' priorities.
S 8(22+)2%*)6 "$#%%2%*) ,(# )4% 0%1%!('2%*) (, 636)"+*"7!% 450#('(;%#
+* 8(2'!+"*8% ;+)4 "e3")+8 %*1+#(*2%*)6 #%6)(#")+(* bos been siqneJ in }une 2010 to
promote byJroelectricity wben it is suitoble witb environment preoccupotion. A port of tbe
enqoqement concerns Jirectly tbe equipment of existinq wires. We neeJ to precise tbe
metboJoloqy onJ tbe "suitoble conJitions" to builJ o power plont on on existinq wire.
Ironce EyJro Flectricit wrote o $3+0%7((9 ,(# )4% 0%1%!('2%*) (, 62"!!
450#(%!%8)#+8 '!"*)6 ;+)4 03% #%6'%8) )( )4% *")3#"! %*1+#(*2%*) *"2%0 f O(;"#06
)4% 450#(%!%8)#+8 '!"*) (, )4% CA)4 8%*)3#5 g@ lt Jefines stonJorJs for tbe conception of
o biqb environmentol quolity plont. Tbis quiJe is recoqniseJ onJ JisseminoteJ by notionol
oJministrotions.
0NFHA {Irencb woter oJministrotion) is Jroftinq "* +*1%*)(#5 (, (76)"8!%6 +*
#+1%#6 *"2%0 f >TE g. Tbe qool of tbis Jotobose is to Jrow up on inventory of oll
obstocles blockinq flows in oll Irencb rivers onJ to ossess tbe Jeqree to wbicb tbose
obstocles block tbe movement of species onJ seJiment. A list of more tbon 60 000
obstocles, incluJinq Joms, locks, weirs, mills no lonqer in operotion, etc., on Irencb rivers
bos been Jrown up to Jote. Tbis vost project, brinqinq toqetber o lorqe number of
portners, will iJentify tbe instollotions cousinq tbe qreotest problems onJ moke it possible
SS
to set priorities for corrective oction. lt will be olso o qooJ tool to iJentify new potentiol for
SEP.

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
! Stop tbe Joqmo of "river continuity" onJ return to o well-bolonceJ use of woter.
NeeJ for reseorcb onJ objective scientific opproocb.
! Assure tbe byJropower Jevelopment up to S TWb net by reJucinq tbe clossificotion
of rivers.
! NeeJ for o new economic support scbeme for smoll byJropower wbicb is neitber
well oJopteJ nor consiJereJ by tbe emerqinq Irencb electricity morket.
! Complete tbe knowleJqe obout tbe reol stotus of tbe river onJ Jefine cleor
metboJoloqies to be useJ in tbe respect of tbe principles of cost onJ effectiveness of
meosures, ecoloqicolly occeptonce onJ economicolly reosonoble opproocb.
! Hoke siqnificont proqress in oJministrotive oJoptotions, Joto qotberinq onJ
onolyses, public informotion onJ stokebolJers involvement, settinq of monitorinq
networks, etc.
! We neeJ to promote economic stuJies onJ cost-effectiveness onolysis wbicb ore
essentiol for WIB implementotion.
! Remember tbe principles of proportionolity, cost-efficiency, proqmotism,
prioritizotion onJ motivotion of tbe oJministrotion JemonJs. We neeJ for more
Jioloque onJ peJoqoqy.


S4
3.602;/

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI 1,714 1,70S 1,7S2 1,8S0
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I 7,996 8,000 8,04S 8,600
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 7,400 7,S00 7,S12 7,800
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib 604 600 SS7 0
* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 n,o
E2'!(52%*) 1,900
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I 1,000
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI 2,000 - 10,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 1.S - 2.0
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 6S - 7S
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.0S - 0.1

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
1.S yeors.

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
6enerolly S0% of meon low woter flow. No woter use fees. Concession fees Jiffer
from IeJerol Stote to IeJerol Stote, e.q. 10,000 t for 1S0 kW concession in tbe stote of
Eesse.
New concession Jurotion: minimum 20 yeors, moximum S0 yeors.

-3''(#) 684%2%
Stortinq: 1 }onuory 2012. IlT:

! 12.7 ct,kWb < S00 kW
SS
! 8.S ct,kWb < 2 HW
! 6.S ct,kWb < S HW
! S.S ct,kWb < 10 HW
! S.S ct,kWb < 20 HW
! 4.2 ct,kWb < S0 HW
! S.4 ct,kWb ~ S0 HW

Burotion of IlT: 20 yeors {toriffs ore reviseJ every 4 yeors)

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%
Ancient woter riqbts exist witb no time limit.
New licenses ore qronteJ for revitolizotion onJ,or ony woter beoJ cbonqe or woter flow
increose. Permits for 20 to S0 yeors Jurotion.
Tbey ore qronteJ witb biqb restrictions becouse of WIB. No support from RFS so for.

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
! IlT will be sliqbtly increoseJ stortinq 1 }onuory 2012 {~ 10%). No furtber cbonqe
of support scbemes. No permittinq eose. No simplificotion of oJministrotion
proceJures. SEP role {stonJby enerqy, storoqe copocity) in future smort qriJs not
yet sufficiently recoqnizeJ onJ tberefore not supporteJ by leqislotive onJ
oJministrotive octivity.
! No positive impoct seen so for on RFS Jirective but neqotive impoct from WIB
Jirective {see upon "borriers" for Jevelopment.
! Fxtremely slow Jevelopment of furtber increose of byJropower copocity onJ,or
power output. Since 2007 officiol increose fiqures up to 2020: 18%.
! Sociol occeptonce of SEP is rotber biqb, but stronq influence of ecoloqicolly
powerful oJministrotion onJ N60s os well os stronq influence of fisbery onJ onqler
clubs wbicb blome SEP to borm fisb live.
! Tbe WIB Jirective will be tronsferreJ into 6ermon low until 201S. Tbe followinq
mitiqotion meosures reqorJinq environmentol impocts ore currently focuseJ on: {i)
upstreom,Jownstreom fisb loJJers, {ii) smoller Jistonce between bors of roke
cleoners {1S mm) onJ {iii) river beJ monoqement,noturolizotion of woter flow
! No support of tbe Renewoble Fnerqy Iromework Birective {RFS) so for for new
licenses or power increose of existinq SEP.

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
! lnvestment support {subsiJy) for reoctivotion of 1,000nJs SEPs in former flower
onJ sow mills os recoqnition of tbe importont role of byJropower {stonJby enerqy
onJ storoqe copocity)
! Fstoblisbment of tbe RFS Jirective in 6ermon leqislotion os stronq os tbey JiJ it in
cose of tbe WIB Jirective.
! Fstoblisbment of stonJorJizeJ quiJelines for tbe oJministrotive bonJlinq of tbe
permittinq & licensinq proceJures in 6ermony.


S6
36..).

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI 89 96 19S SS0**
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I 220 22S 7SS 1,148
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 S0 61 96 17S
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib 6,S06 6,S0S S,77S S,S78
* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints
** AccorJinq to tbe low for 20-20-20

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 70
E2'!(52%*) 44S
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I n,o
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI 2,000,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 1 - S
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I S0
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.019

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
~S yeors.

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
Tbe ResiJuol woter supply tbot leqolly must be olloweJ Jownstreom of tbe SEP will
be equol to ot leost to: tbe S0% of tbe Joily overoqe woter supply for tbe montb of
September.
Tbe S0% of tbe Joily overoqe woter supply for tbe tbree summer montbs {}une, }uly onJ
Auqust). Tbe obsolute volue 0.0S0 m
S
,s.




S7
-3''(#) 684%2%
ln 6reece, tbe support scbeme tbot is in ploce for smoll byJro is tbe IeeJ-in toriff
{IlT). Tbe respective low soys tbot tbere is o IlT of 87.7 t,HWb, up to 20 yeors, wbicb
coulJ be extenJeJ in time, ofter tbe renewol of tbe operotion licence. ln cose tbot tbe SEP
plont is constructeJ witbout ony qronts from tbe stote, tben tbere is o 20% increose in tbe
IlT. Fvery yeor, tbere is o smoll increose in tbe IlT occorJinq to o percentoqe of tbe yeorly
inflotion onJ JepenJinq on tbe justifieJ opinion of tbe Hinister of Fnvironment.

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%
ln 6reece, in orJer to receive o permit for o SEP plont you bove in qenerol to opply for o
ProJuction license to RAF. Tbere ore some minor exclusions sucb os for SEP less tbon S0 kW, in
wbicb cose you Jo not neeJ o ProJuction license, but tbese SEP ore o smoll percentoqe only. After
you receive tbe ProJuction license {in overoqe one neeJs 1 yeor time to receive it), you bove to
opply for tbe Approvol of Fnvironmentol Terms, eitber in FYPF {o centrol Jivision in tbe Hinistry of
Fnvironment) or to tbe BecentrolizeJ Autborities, JepenJinq on specific low orticles. 0n overoqe,
one neeJs 2 yeors time to receive tbe Approvol of Fnvironmentol Terms.
ln tbis meon time of 2 yeors, you opply to PPC,BFSHEF for o Non-BounJ 6riJ 0ffer, onJ on
overoqe you neeJ yeors time to receive it. After tbot, you opply to tbe BecentrolizeJ Autborities
for tbe Woter 0soqe license {S,4 yeors time to receive it) onJ in porollel, you opply to tbe locol
Iorest Beportment for tbe Approvol of lntervention { yeors time to receive it).After you receive
tbe Approvol of Fnvironmentol Terms, you osk to PPC,BFSHEF in orJer tbe Non-BounJ 6riJ 0ffer
to become o BounJ 6riJ 0ffer.
Tben, you opply eitber to tbe Hinistry of Fnvironmentol {RFS Jivision) or to tbe
BecentrolizeJ Autborities for tbe lnstollotion license { yeors time to receive it).
Witb tbe lnstollotion license in bonJ, you con stort builJinq tbe SEP plont onJ in overoqe you
neeJs 2 yeors to finisb oll tbe instollotions. Witbin tbese 2 yeors time, you siqn o Connection Treoty
witb PPC onJ you stort builJinq tbe qriJ infrostructure in orJer to connect tbe public qriJ witb tbe
privote SEP. After you finisb oll tbe obove works, you siqn o Buy & Sell Flectricol Power Treoty
to,from BFSHEF.
After tbot, you con stort tbe operotion of tbe plont onJ you operote for S montbs in o
testinq environment in orJer to cbeck you SEP plont onJ correct ony problems. lf everytbinq is ok
ot tbe enJ of tbe S montbs perioJ you receive tbe finol 0perotion license from tbe Hinistry of
Fnvironment {RFS Jivision) onJ you stort to receive money from BFSHEF.

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
Tbe lost tbree yeors, tbere is o slowinq Jown in tbe trenJ of puttinq SEP plonts into
operotion. Tbe moin reosons ore Jifficulties in finoncinq of tbe plonts on bebolf of tbe
bonks, tbe extremely bureoucrotic licensinq environment, onJ tbe foct tbot on S1,12,2009
tbe time limit for 6reece to oJopt tbe Furopeon woter fromework expireJ. lt resulteJ in
tbe 6reek leqol fromework to foce problems witb tbe Woter 0soqe Iromework. As o result,
less tbon ten instollotion licenses were issueJ in tbe lost tbree yeors, stoppinq tbe excellent
morcbinq of tbe SEP sector, wbicb wos o very Jynomic sector up to 2008.
! Tbere is o lonq Jiscussion in 6reece for improvinq tbe support scbemes onJ mony
new lows onJ ministeriol Jecisions bove been voteJ in orJer to enforce tbe RFS
Jevelopment onJ consequently tbe SEP Jevelopment. Altbouqb tbere is on obvious
trenJ to unificotion onJ simplificotion of tbe leqol fromework, time is still neeJeJ in
orJer tbis to be ocbieveJ.
! Concerninq tbe 6riJ Jevelopment in 6reece, since tbe SEP ore smoll plonts onJ no
extenJeJ new 6riJ is neeJeJ, tbere ore no mojor problems witb tbot.
S8
! Tbe low for tbe 20-20-20 torqets of 6reece, posseJ in 2010 bos set o very low
torqet for SEP, i.e. SS0HW, Jespite of tbe biqb potentiol tbot is estimoteJ ot 2,000
HW.
! Horeover o new Hinisteriol Becision {Hinistry of Fnvironment, Fnerqy onJ Climote
Cbonqe,S18,0S.04.2011) tbot orbitrorily set limits on tbe moqnituJe of tbe HWs of
o SEP occorJinq to tbe lenqtb of tbe streom Jiversion, bos been voteJ, onJ tbis
Becision concels more tbon S0 HW SEP tbot were olreoJy in tbe queue for
receivinq licences. Horeover, tbe potentiol of enerqy exploitotion of smoll woter
currents {wbicb con proJuce orounJ 1.S HW opproximotely, eocb) tbot oJJs to o
totol of qreen enerqy copocity of opproximotely S00 HW {on involiJoteJ
investment of orounJ 1 billion t) is concelleJ, os well, since tbis Hinisteriol
Becision wos opplieJ retrooctively to investments tbot boJ been submitteJ before
tbree or more yeors unJer o Jifferent low of environmentol licensinq reqime. Tbis
Hinisteriol Becision substontiolly concels tbe "Speciol lonJ-Plonninq low for RFS"
{Becember 2008), introJucinq unscientific, orbitrory onJ extreme criterio onJ wos
not boseJ eitber on scientific onolysis, or in stotisticol Joto. Tbis Hinisteriol
Becision wos finolly siqneJ, oltbouqb it went into o public consultotion in tbe
summer of 2010. Tbe outcome of tbe ricb onJ excellent level of tbe public
consultotion wos opporently oqoinst tbe Jroft of tbe Hinisteriol Becision {171 of
174 reviews), oltbouqb concrete proposols from tbe leoque onJ our mony
porticiponts on tbese issues were proviJeJ. ESEA osks constontly tbot tbe
Hinisteriol Becision S18,0S.04.11 to be totolly obolisbeJ.
! Tbe oforementioneJ two leqol Jocuments bove put strict limits to tbe SEP sector,
onJ ESEA works borJ to roise tbem. Horeover, ESEA believes tbot increosinq tbe
torqet of tbe 20-20-20 to 1,000 HW by tbe yeor 2020 in tbe Notionol enerqy mix is
entirely justifioble.

Concerninq tbe tronsposition onJ implementotion of tbe WIB Birective {60,2000)
in 6reece onJ tbe completion of monoqement stuJies of woter Jistricts unJer tbis
Birective, tbere is o biq effort to qoin tbe lost qrounJ, onJ in 2011, tbere will be some
public consultotions for certoin 6reek oreos for tbe rulinq of tbe Streoms.
Tbe continuous enoctment of new speciol monoqement plons to protect more onJ
more mountoinous oreos wbicb con site Smoll EyJro {for exomple RoJopi, PinJos,
Tzoumerko, etc.) leoJs to tbe creotion of very extensive exclusion zones for Smoll EyJro,
since oll tbese oreos probibit projects of environmentol coteqory A1 onJ only in peripberol
oreos of tbese reqions projects of environmentol coteqory A2 ore olloweJ {witb tbe
current clossificotion of projects, tbis meons projects witb Jiversion less tbon 1,000 m, but
tbis clossificotion cbonqes tbese Joys), resultinq in substontiolly zero possibility of sitinq
Smoll EyJro in oll tbese oreos. Irom ESEA point of view, it is incorrect to introJuce
qenerol rules of obsolute probibition of estoblisbment of RFS in oreos qoverneJ by ony
specific or qenerol protection reqime, witbout consiJerinq tbe specifics of tbe instollotion
oreo onJ tbe proposeJ project ot o time. Tbe introJuction of tbese qenerol exclusions is
controry to tbe Community low onJ tbe specific Birective 2009,28,FC, wbicb incluJes
leqolly binJinq torqets for tbe penetrotion of RFS in oll Hember Countries of tbe F0.
lt is requireJ to review Honoqement StuJies of tbe protecteJ oreos to effectively
toke into occount tbe speciol lonJ-plonninq for RFS, os it is proviJeJ in tbe low S8S1,10.
Iinolly, tbere is tbe mojor problem tbot everyone bos tbe obility ot ony stoqe of tbe
licensinq process to oppeol tbe investment in Tbe Council of Stote, tbus cousinq very lonq
Jeloys onJ witb tbe qreot Jonqer not only on investment to be concelleJ but tbe investor
S9
componies onJ tbe monufocturers of tbese projects to suffer o serious economic Jomoqe or
even on economic Jestruction. ESEA osks for tbot osymmetry to tbe costs bos to be totolly
eliminoteJ.

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
! Iurtber simplificotion onJ unificotion of oJministrotive proceJure.
! RoJicolly cbonqe tbe proceJure of oppeolinq tbe SEP investment or licensinq
proceJure in Tbe Council of Stote, onJ eliminote tbis obility of everyone in Joinq so.
Set biqb Jeposit omounts in orJer to Jo sucb on oppeol tbot will be lost if tbe
oppeol is lost.
! Tbe Hinisteriol Becision S18,0S.04.11 sboulJ be totolly obolisbeJ, even toJoy.
! Tbe limits of tbe low for tbe 20-20-20 torqets of 6reece {2010) for SEP sboulJ be
reviseJ from tbe current SS0 HW for 2020 to 1,000 HW for 2020, tbus exploitinq
tbe biqb potentiol tbot is estimoteJ ot 2,000 HW.
! Iinolly, occelerote tbe tronsposition onJ implementotion of tbe WIB Birective
{60,2000) in 6reek leqol system onJ complete tbe monoqement stuJies of woter
Jistricts unJer tbis Birective, tbe soonest possible, since tbis sboulJ boJ been
finisbeJ ot S1.12.2009, but is not in ploce yet.

60
@=;326/

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI 12 12 14 28
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I S9 40 67 80
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 S4 S4 S6 42
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib 69 68 S8 28
* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 11
E2'!(52%*) 476
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I n,o
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI 2,900,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 1,S
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I S0
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.01S

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
ln tbe perioJ 2007 - 2010, only S smoll byJro power plonts bove been
commissioneJ witb o totol copocity is 0.S HW. Permittinq is not reolly o key issue.
0ppositely, tbe process to obtoin tbe permits for tbe new plont witb o 12.1 HW copocity
{not SEP) on tbe Hoos river, wbicb bos been initioteJ in 2004, is for to be finolizeJ.

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
Tbere is no qenerol resiJuol flow requlotion in tbe NetberlonJs.
Fvery byJro power plont neeJs to obtoin seporote permits, onJ tbis issue is orronqeJ
inJiviJuolly in eocb permit."


-3''(#) 684%2%
61
Eunqory bos introJuceJ o sustoinoble {non-centrol-buJqet-boseJ) feeJ-in-toriff
scbeme wbicb is quoronteeJ until 2020.
Tbe system wos moJifieJ in fovour of smoller plonts onJ tbose proviJinq remote beotinq in
2008. Rotes ore to be oJjusteJ yeorly in line witb tbe inflotion rote.
IlT Peok- onJ off-peok
Averoqe toriff 9 ct,kWb *k {k = lost yeor inflotion rote {-1)
To ovoiJ excessive support, quoronteeJ toriffs sboulJ be proviJeJ until tbe investment is
recoupeJ, tokinq into consiJerotion ony investment oiJ for tbis purpose.

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%
Ior smoll-scole renewoble enerqy investments tbot ore still subject to o permit onJ
bove o copocity of over 0.S HW, tbe 0ffice issues combineJ smoll-scole power plont
permits in o simplifieJ proceJure. Tbis permit contoins botb on estoblisbment onJ o
proJuction outborisotion. Tbe outborisotion process is inJepenJent of tbe type of tbe
power plont

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
Eunqory is one of tbe less mountoinous countries in Centrol Furope, onJ tberefore
bos only limiteJ byJroelectric potentiol. Tbere ore oll toqetber S1 instollotions witb o totol
copocity of SS HW. Tbey bove qeneroteJ 228 6Wb electricity in 2009. Tbere ore only four
commerciol byJroelectric power plonts in tbe country, Kesznyten {EernoJviz), lkervor,
Kiskore onJ Tiszolok. Tbe power plont in Kesznyten is owneJ by EernoJviz EyJropower
ltJ., wbile tbe Kiskore onJ Tiszolok power plonts ore owneJ by Tiszoviz EyJro Power
Plonts ltJ. A smoll 1.S HW copocity byJropower stotion in Kenyeri wos finonceJ by tbe
Fnvironment onJ lnfrostructure 0perotionol Proqromme onJ storteJ its operotion in
2009.
Tbe 6overnment is committeJ to reJucinq tbe oJministrotive onJ bureoucrotic
burJens on enterprises in tbe future. Fnerqy requlotions onJ outborisotion constitute o
siqnificont port of tbis process. Autborisotion proceJures ore currently complicoteJ,
complex, onJ in some coses require tbe porticipotion of severol biqb outborities onJ
speciol outborities. Tbe possibilities for mokinq outborisotion proceJures foster onJ
simpler ore olreoJy tbe subject of on onqoinq comprebensive qovernmentol review.
EyJroelectric plonts ot protecteJ noturol sites of notionol importonce. BoseJ on Annexes 1
onJ 2 to 6overnment Becree No S14,200S {ll. 2S.)
0n environmentol impoct ossessment onJ uniform environmentol use
outborisotion proceJures, tbis octivity is conJitionol on on environmentol impoct
ossessment. lnvestors con obtoin support vio tenJer scbemes. Tbe oiJ intensity of scbemes
promotinq renewobles ronqes from 10% to 80%; tbe finol oiJ intensity is estoblisbeJ for
eocb project ofter on onolysis of cost efficiency. Support is proviJeJ only for tbe portion of
tbe investment wbicb connot be recoupeJ unJer morket conJitions. Tbis metboJoloqy
tokes into occount tbe support for electricity from renewoble sources wbicb is
incorporoteJ into tbe off-toke price of sucb electricity, onJ only proviJes investment
support to projects wbicb connot be recoupeJ even wben sellinq ot sucb subsiJiseJ price.
Tbere is no qreen certificote system in Eunqory. Settinq up onJ qroJuolly
introJucinq o qreen certificote scbeme is omonq tbe lonq-term plons of tbe 6overnment.
Tbe opproveJ 2009,28,FC Birective on Renewoble Fnerqy sets binJinq torqets on tbe
sbore of renewoble enerqy in qross finol enerqy consumption. ln tbe F0 tbe torqet is 20%
by 2020 onJ Eunqory bos to reocb o rotber moJerote torqet, 1S% but Eunqorion
6overnment set on even more ombitious torqet to reocb 14.6S%.
62
Eunqory is one of tbe less mountoinous countries in Centrol Furope, onJ tberefore
bos only limiteJ byJroelectric potentiol. Irom tbe enerqy proJucinq potentiol 66% belonqs
to tbe Bonube, 10% to tbe Tiszo onJ 24% for tbe otber rivers. lt is estimoteJ tbot only S -
6% of tbe potentiol byJro enerqy con be exploiteJ. New byJropower projects consist
primorily of smoll plonts, witb tbe possibility of re-use of woter from existinq byJropower
plonts. Since 1970s tbere bove been only o few SEP Jevelopments in Eunqory. Tbe some
tenJency bos been kept till 200S. Tbere ore oll toqetber S1 instollotions witb o totol
copocity of SS HW. Tbey bove qeneroteJ 228 6Wb electricity in 2009. Tbere ore only four
commerciol byJroelectric power plonts in tbe country, Kesznyten {EernoJviz), lkervor,
Kiskore onJ Tiszolok. Rivers bove 990 HW tbeoreticol power out of wbicb 7,446 6Wb
,yeor enerqy coulJ be qeneroteJ tbeoreticolly. 0n tbe smoll streoms S08 6Wb,yeor is tbe
tbeoreticol proJuction.
ln tbe Renewoble Fnerqy Action Plon Eunqory is not countinq on lorqe scole byJropower
instollotions but is rotber willinq to support minioture size plonts below 10 HWe onJ 100 -
S00 kWe turbines usinq tbe enerqy of river currents.
EyJropower bos lonq been o mucb JeboteJ topic in Eunqory. Plons to construct
sucb focilities on o lorqer scole bove olwoys been opposeJ by tbe members of tbe current
qoverninq coolition, to tbe Jisoppointment of mony experts wbo reqorJ byJropower
exploitotion os o feosible woy of qenerotinq power. Tbe qovernment still Joes not consiJer
biqb-copocity byJroelectric power o reol option comporeJ to otber sources of enerqy. lt
cloims tbot tbe topoqropbic conJitions of Eunqory Jo not ollow for fovouroble onJ
economic utilizotion of byJroelectric power. A lorqe port of tbe country is flot, oltbouqb
tbere ore some low bills, but even ot smoller mountoins tbere ore borJly ony oreos witb o
siqnificont cbonqe in elevotion. Rivers witb biqb woter output Jo not bove morkeJ Jrops in
elevotion eitber. ln tbe qovernments view, insteoJ of constructinq lorqe Joms, it mokes
mucb more business sense to estoblisb smoll-scole byJropower qenerotors {of wbicb tbere
ore o few Jozen in Eunqory, representinq totol copocity of only orounJ S0 HW). Hini
byJroelectric plonts witb on output of less tbon 10 HW onJ turbines instolleJ in river beJs
coulJ proviJe enerqy-efficient solutions for smoller towns onJ rurol oreos. AccorJinq to
tbe qovernment, tbe estoblisbment of only sucb smoller plonts is in tbe notionol interest.

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
! Tbe lonq outborisotion perioJ
! Relotively low buy-bock rote
! Bifficulties reloteJ to electricity qriJ occess

6S
<6.I2;8

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI S8 S8 42 60
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I 9S 1S0 160 200
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 40 47 S0 60
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib 294 2S7 227 187
* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 S1
E2'!(52%*) 124
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I 20
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI S,000,000 - 12,000,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 4.7
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I SS
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.08S

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
Fxperience is limiteJ but for o new smoll byJro project, tbe time token to obtoin
environmentol consents, plonninq permission onJ occreJitotion sboulJ toke obout 1 yeor.

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
Tbe Beportment of Communicotions, Fnerqy onJ Noturol Resources "6uiJelines
on tbe Plonninq, Besiqn, Construction & 0perotion of Smoll-Scole EyJro-Flectric Scbemes
onJ Iisberies" covers resiJuol flow requirements. lt stipulotes tbot resiJuol flow must be
JeciJeJ on on inJiviJuol bosis onJ is JepenJent on river type onJ fisb requirements.

-3''(#) 684%2%
Tbe Beportment of Communicotions, Fnerqy onJ Noturol Resources operotes
lrelonJs RF incentive scbeme "Renewoble Fnerqy IeeJ in Toriff' {RFIlT). Tbe first RFIlT
64
scbeme {'RFIlT 1') wos onnounceJ in 2006 onJ stote oiJ opprovol wos obtoineJ in
September 2007.
Tbe current RFIlT 2 scbeme covers onsbore winJ, smoll byJro onJ lonJfill qos onJ wos
openeJ in Horcb 2012. Tbe scbeme covers projects built onJ operotionol between 1,1,10
onJ S1,12,1S.
Tbe "Reference Price for tbe byJro toriff is t8S.81 per HWb. Tbis price is subject to morket
price onJ o boloncinq poyment wbicb coulJ effectively increose tbe volue by up to S0%.

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%
Tbe Commission for Fnerqy Requlotion {CFR) licenses onJ requlotes tbe
qenerotion, Jistribution, tronsmission onJ supply of electricity in lrelonJ. Tbe CFR tbe
outborisotions to construct or reconstruct electricity qenerotinq stotions. A qenerotinq
scbeme not qreoter tbon 1 HW is exempteJ from outborisotion to construct or reconstruct
o qenerotinq stotion. An Autborisotion will be voliJ for S yeors or until completion of tbe
construction,reconstruction project. Tbe CFR, ot its Jiscretion, moy extenJ tbe
Autborisotion beyonJ tbe perioJ of S yeors
To qront tbe outborisotion, tbe followinq moy be requireJ:

! Fnvironmentol lmpoct Stotement
! Construction onJ commissioninq proqromme qivinq mojor milestones in tbe
project Jevelopment, from outborisotion to completion
! Stotements of occounts for tbe lost 2 yeors
! An outline S-yeor business plon in relotion to opplicotion, incluJinq informotion on
project finonce
! Woter extroction licence
! AccepteJ Connection 0ffer from tbe Tronsmission System 0perotor or Bistribution
System 0perotor for tbe qenerotinq stotion
! Power Purcbose Aqreement
! Plonninq permission or confirmotion of plonninq exemption from plonninq
outbority.
! lPC licence or confirmotion tbot on opplicotion bos been submitteJ to tbe
Fnvironment Protection Aqency.

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
EyJropower Jevelopment in lrelonJ bos been slow since some lorqe projects,
incluJinq pumpeJ storoqe, were JevelopeJ in tbe miJ-20
tb
century. Attempts bove been
moJe to encouroqe tbe Jevelopment of smoll byJropower ot eitber new sites or
refurbisbinq olJ projects, preJominontly mill sites. Eowever, tbe investment cost bos
qenerolly been too biqb to toke oJvontoqe of tbe incentive proqrommes.
AJJeJ to tbis tbe exceptionolly stronq fisbinq lobby in lrelonJ bos ottempteJ to
stop ony Jevelopment wbicb moy bove on effect on fisb onJ fisb bobitot Jespite suitoble
mitiqotion meosures. Fnvironmentol consentinq bos tberefore JevelopeJ witb some very
strinqent meosures reqorJinq impoct ossessments onJ flow ovoilobility. A flow split
requirement on flows ovoiloble to o byJro scbeme wos oJopteJ ot o very eorly stoqe of
consentinq requirements. Tbis wos Jespite questioninq of tbe scientific bose for tbis
requirement.
lt is bopeJ tbot tbe recently introJuceJ RFIlT2 proqromme of feeJ-in toriffs will
proJuce more confiJence onJ occelerote micro onJ smoll byJropower Jevelopment in
lrelonJ.
6S
EyJro torqets for byJropower in tbe Notionol Renewoble Action Plon for lrelonJ ore
moJest. Tbis will couse little qovernment ottention to be poiJ to byJro Jevelopment. Tbere
is, bowever o qrowinq movement of inJiviJuol onJ community projects wbicb coulJ berolJ
o better future.

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
! 0rqent review of tbe environmentol requlotions is requireJ especiolly witb reqorJ
to tbe "flow-split" requirements for woter use in o byJropower plont.
! Review is olso requireJ of tbe lrisb RF incentives system since tbere ore suitoble
incentives to Jevelop winJ enerqy. Tbe byJro potentiol in lrelonJ is mucb qreoter
tbon tbe NRFA6 plons inJicote onJ tbis coulJ be tbe couse. lnternol vioble
potentiol sboulJ be revieweJ onJ tbis miqbt "kick stort" future Jevelopment.
! lnJiviJuol onJ community benefits of byJropower Jevelopment onJ re-
Jevelopment must be empbosiseJ.
66
<!2I/
A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI 2,468 2,S2S 2,7SS S,900
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I 8,649 7,100 10,9S8 12,077
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 1,799 1,8SS 2,427 2,2S0
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib 12,S12 1S,860 10,002 8,88S
* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 400
E2'!(52%*) S,000
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I n,o
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI 4,S00,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 1 - 4
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I S0 - 60
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.076 - 0.1S

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
2 - S yeors.

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
Tbe environmentol low 1S2,06 iJentifies tbe fielJs of opplicotion of tbe ReserveJ
Ilow onJ tbe ollocotion of competences. Tbe River Bosin Autborities bove to iJentify tbe
qenerol criterio for ReserveJ Ilow Jefinition {witbin tbe specific competence of woter
bolonce plonninq). Tbe Reqions bove tbe requlotory competence; tbey introJuce tbe
ReserveJ Ilow requlotion in tbe Woter Protection Plons. Tbere is o wiJe ronqe of metboJs
of colculotion suqqesteJ by tbe River Bosin Autborities {e.q. boseJ on byJroloqicol onJ
morpboloqicol porometers or environmentol conJitions) onJ oJopteJ by tbe Reqions, so
tbere ore very Jifferent RI volues. Also olonq tbe some woter boJy, qoinq from one Reqion
to onotber, RI volues con be very Jifferent.

67
-3''(#) 684%2%
EyJro plonts of <1 HW ore quoronteeJ o minimum toriff of 1S0.0 t,HWb for tbe
first 2S0 HWb, 9S.0t,HWb between 2S1st - S00tb HWb, onJ 82.0 t,HWb between S01st
- 1.000tb HWb of proJuction onJ 76.2 t,HWb between 1.001st - 2.000tb HWb of
proJuction. Plonts ~1 HW but <10 HW, sell tbeir enerqy ot tbe bourly zonol price. Since
}onuory 2008 byJropower plonts of < 1 HW con cboose, insteoJ of 6reen Certificotes, o
"comprebensive IeeJ-in toriff" IlT {electricity price incentive) wbicb bos been set to 22
ct,kWb for 1S yeors. A new support scbeme will come in force in }onuory 201S.

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%
Tbe leqislotive Becree No. S87,200S {implementotion of tbe RFS-e Birective) bos
introJuceJ tbe "sinqle permit", tbot is o one-stop sbop for oll RFS project Jevelopers. Tbe
license for tbe use of woter isnt qenerolly inteqroteJ witb tbe outborizotion. So,
commonly, to builJ up o SEP plont in ltoly you neeJ to osk for botb tbe concession for tbe
woter use {if on FlA is requireJ, it is Jone ot tbis stoqe) onJ for tbe permit to builJ onJ run
tbe plont, wbicb in foct incluJes oll tbe necessory permits tbot ore not olreoJy incluJeJ in
tbe concession for tbe woter use. Ior tbe occess to tbe qriJ o request to tbe qriJ operotor is
necessory onJ tbe outborisotion of tbe new qriJ infrostructures is qenerolly incluJeJ in tbe
outborisotion of tbe plont itself.

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
Tbe RFS enerqy in ltoly is qrowinq olso tbonks to qreot performonce of byJropower
proJuction tbot represents more tbon 70% of RFS-F. Tbe lost tbree yeors {2008-2009-
2010), tbonks to tbe extroorJinory byJroloqicol conJitions occurreJ, were very positive
for EP proJuction tbot reocb recorJ volues, omonq tbe biqbest in tbe lost 10 yeors. SEP,
especiolly plonts up to 1 HW, is qrowinq more tbon lEP, tbonks to o qooJ incentivotion
system enforceJ ot tbe moment, wbicb recoqnize to tbe enerqy proJuceJ by tbese plonts o
comprebensive toriff of 220 t,HWb for tbe first 1S yeors. Tbe NRFAP foresees o qlobol
steoJiness of tbe EP sector between 200S onJ 2020. Tbis Joes not meon o complete
porolysis of tbe sector, since if we qo Jeep into tbe fiqures, we con see tbot tbe SEP sector
{up to 10 HW) will qrow of obout 1,S00 HW onJ will in foct compensote tbe proJuction
Jecreose of tbe lEP, Jue to tbe loss of efficiency of tbe olJ plonts.
Bue to tbe Jeloy in tbe tronsposition onJ implementotion of tbe WIB, its effects on
tbe proJuction of smoll byJropower ore not yet cleor. Tbe RBHPs were oJopteJ only ot tbe
enJ of Iebruory 2010 onJ mony of tbe new meosures plonneJ ore still ot o Jroft stoqe.
Anywoy tbere ore mony obstocles binJerinq tbe future Jevelopment of tbis sector.
1) Iirst of oll, tbe lonq onJ complicoteJ oJministrotive proceJures: to qet tbe concession
for tbe use of woter onJ tbe outborizotion to builJ onJ monoqe tbe plont o proJucer
neeJs ot leost between two to tbree yeors, but in some Reqions tbe proceJures ore
mucb lonqer onJ mony proJucers bove to poy lowyers onJ sometimes qo to tbe court
in orJer to see tbeir riqbts respecteJ.
2) Tben tbere ore tbe environmentol borriers: locol oJministrotions ore iJentifyinq o lot
of "no qo oreos" onJ on expensive onJ time consuminq FlA is requesteJ olso for very
smoll plonts witb neqliqible impocts. As for os exitinq plonts ore consiJereJ, tbe
increosinq of reserveJ flow volues, not olwoys justifieJ from o scientific point of view,
ore cousinq tbe sbutJown of some smoll plonts onJ creotinq problems olso to biqqer
plonts.
S) Iinolly, tbe instobility of tbe incentivotion system: witbin tbe implementotion of tbe
new RFS Birective {28,2009,CF), tbe ltolion 6overnment JeciJeJ to implement,
68
stortinq from 2012, onJ o new incentivotion system for oll renewoble sources. Tbe
qenerol fromework of tbe new system bos been outlineJ {B.lqs. 28,2011), but mony
ospects sboulJ be JefineJ in o Hinisteriol Becree tbot sboulJ be enforceJ by tbe enJ of
September 2011. A stronq Jebote is now on-qoinq omonq proJucers, institutions onJ
consumers. ln porticulor for SEP tbere will be onywoy o toriff, but is not cleor yet if it
will be o feeJ in toriff or o feeJ in premium. Probobly tbe volue of tbe toriff will be
JifferentioteJ into tbree or more copocity ronqes {e.q.: 0-200 kW, 200-1,000 kW, etc.),
wbile proJucers tbink tbot o toriff boseJ on enerqy ronqes woulJ be mucb more
efficient. Ior plonts exceeJinq S HW tbe volue of tbe toriff coulJ be boseJ on tenJers:
APFR, witb support of otber Furopeon Associotions {FSEA onJ FWFA), pointeJ out
some criticolities of tenJers system, olso reloteJ to experiences of otber F0 countries.
Anotber criticol point is incentivotion for refurbisbment, wbicb will be probobly cut to
o very low level, stoppinq tbe positive trenJ louncbeJ some yeors oqo.

Tbe qenerol otmospbere orounJ SEP is not very positive ot tbe moment, since mony
people tbink tbot tbe biqb level of incentives is pusbinq tbe sector too mucb, encouroqinq
tbe reolizotion of SEP plonts onywbere. Horeover, locol communities osk for o biqber slice
of tbe coke onJ wont to enter Jirectly in tbe byJropower business, obliqinq proJucers to
creote mixeJ public-privote componies. Tbis is not olwoys o qooJ solution, especiolly
wbere tbe public subject is tbe some one wbo releoses tbe woter concession, since tbey con
olter tbe morket.

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
! Stobilisotion of tbe incentivotion scbeme: incentivotion system sboulJ be cleorly set
out onJ oll cbonqes sboulJ be scbeJuleJ onJ timeJ, so tbot proJucers con plon
properly tbeir investments. ln foct byJropower Jevelopers neeJ to know ot on eorly
stoqe tbe rules: bow onJ unJer wbicb conJitions tbeir projects will be sustoineJ.
! Simplificotion of oJministrotive proceJure: ot leost for SEP plonts locoteJ on
irriqotion cbonnel, on woter supply system, inteqroteJ in existinq Joms or
wostewoter treotment focilities, onJ for tbe rebobilitotion of tbe olJ scbemes. Since
tbese plonts ore locoteJ in ortificiol context, tbeir environmentol impocts ore very
limiteJ. Horeover tbey olso quorontee o multiple use of woter resource.
! Suitoble incentivotion support for tbe rebobilitotion onJ upqroJinq of olJ plonts, to
ovoiJ in tbe future losinq tbe present enerqy proJuction onJ, in mony coses, to qet
tbe cbonce to increose it improvinq tbe scbemes performonces olso from tbe
environmentol point of view.
! lmprovement of synerqies between SEP onJ smort qriJs: byJropower bos on
increosinq role in supportinq tronsmission onJ Jistribution qriJs by bis proper
copobility to requlote frequency onJ to inteqrote otber Jiscontinuous renewoble
sources like solor onJ winJ. BesiJes lEP, olso SEP con ploy o role, especiolly wbere
it is possible to combine it witb smoll bosins onJ inteqrote it in bybriJ systems.
Hore reseorcb sboulJ be promoteJ on tbis ospects onJ o JeJicoteJ requlotory
fromework sboulJ be enforceJ.

69
I2!M<2

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI 2S 2S 26 SS
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I 46 6S 69 8S
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 12S 1S9 142 180
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib 249 2S0 226 210
* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 116*
E2'!(52%*) S18
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I 10
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI 2,600,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I S
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 22
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.04
*Host of tbe componies ore smoll ones operotinq only one or two smoll plonts.

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
1,2 - S yeors.

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
An officiolly opproveJ compensotion flow {RI) settinq metboJoloqy exists. RI is set
os o meon montbly {S0 consecutive Joys) low flow {return perioJ of 20 yeors). Tbe losses
in SEP electricity proJuction resultinq from mointoininq CI con reocb up to S%.
SEPs ore not entitleJ to poy tbe fees for use of woter.

-3''(#) 684%2%
SEP feeJ-in toriff provisions ore presenteJ in tbe rule of tbe Cobinet of Hinisters
of 24 Iebruory, 2009. IeeJ-in toriff {IlT) wos reloteJ to tbe noturol qos price usinq tbis
formulo:
70

IlT=1S9 x K x e.
K- coefficient JepenJinq on SEP instolleJ power P; K=1.4 {P < 80 kW)
K=1.2S {P=80 -1S0 kW) etc.
e - excbonqe rote loto,Furo =0.7028.

IlT=1S9 x 1.2Sx 0.7028 = 1S8.S66 t,HW.

After 10 yeors IlT will be JecreoseJ by foctor 0.8: IlT = 1S9 x k x 0.8

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%
ln totol eiqbt outborisotions issueJ by Jifferent outborities ore neeJeJ. lt coulJ
toke up between one to two yeors for Jeveloper to stort builJinq o SEP plont. SEP wbicb
copocity exceeJs 1 HW must qet tbe licence for power proJuction, wbicb losts 10 yeors.
Almost SEP plonts, except only one, Jo not exceeJ tbis instolleJ copocity in lotvio.

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
Tbere ore qoinq bectic Jiscussions obout recently JrofteJ renewoble Fnerqy low. A moin
issue is o future support scbeme. 6overnment is not interesteJ in promotinq SEP plonts.
0nly winJ, biomoss, solor power ore on tbe oqenJo.
Support scbeme onJ toriff ore quite ottroctive. Bespite some efforts moJe by SEP
promoters until now tbere wos no ony simplificotion of oJministrotive proceJures for SEP
Jevelopment.
A morqinol role is JesiqnoteJ for SEP in enerqy supply. Prospects for lorqe byJro {~10
HW) ore entirely null. AnJ tbis is Jue to Jisproportionote environmentol requirements
onJ inflexible enforcement onJ implementotion of WIB onJ otber F0 leqislotion. Some 10
HW of oJJitionol copocity is plonneJ up to 2020.
Tbere is o cleor public support for SEP Jevelopment in tbe country.

[: /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
! Revise Requlotion No. 27 os of 1S }onuory 2002 issueJ by tbe Cobinet of Hinisters of
tbe Republic of lotvio preventinq more tbon 200 woter streoms from exploitotion
byJropower potentiol in orJer to protect fisb miqrotion. Restorotion of tbe olJ
woter mills in tbese woter streoms is out of Jiscussions even if fisb posses ore
proposeJ to be instolleJ. ln tbe result, some 1S0 to 200 6Wb,yeor connot be
exploiteJ.
! lntroJuce reol simplificotions of oJministrotive proceJures for SEP Jevelopment.

71
I<!@=2;<2

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI 27 28 29 40
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I 66 96 9S 120
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 78 82 87 110
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib 1S6 126 129 102
* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 S6*
E2'!(52%*) 140
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I 1S
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI 2,S00,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I S - S
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I S0 - S0
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.02S - 0.0S
* Host of tbe componies ore smoll ones operotinq only one or two smoll plonts.

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
0.S - 2 yeors.

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
lt is set os o meon montbly {S0 consecutive Joys) low flow {return perioJ of 20
yeors). Tbe losses in SEP electricity proJuction resultinq from mointoininq resiJuol flow
ore neqliqible. Ior Jiversions scbemes RI is 10% of lonq term meon flow.


-3''(#) 684%2%
Support system is requloteJ by o recently promulqoteJ low on Renewoble Fnerqy.
72
IeeJ-in toriff is quoronteeJ for 12 yeors commencinq tbe yeor 2011. Actuol IlT = S.8
ct,kWb. Ior new plonts o quoto obliqotion system witb IlT is in force. Auctions will be
orqoniseJ to ensure o leost IlT volue proposeJ by o proponent. very smoll copocity plonts
{<S0 kW) will bove o Jifferent IlT.

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%
Tbere is no specific byJropower leqislotion in litbuonio. Smoll byJro is requloteJ
by tbe lows, Jecrees, orJers publisbeJ by tbe 6overnment, Hinistries of Fconomy,
Fnvironment onJ Aqriculture. ln totol 10 outborisotions issueJ by Jifferent outborities ore
neeJeJ.
Tbere ore 2 types of concession:

! leosinq of on existinq Jom onJ ossocioteJ reservoir belonqinq to tbe Stote {locol
municipolity) Jurinq ouction proceJure. lnitiol fee is fixeJ ot 2% of onnuol
revenues for power JelivereJ to tbe qriJ. Burotion of tbis type of concession vories
from S0 to 99 yeors.
! Concession fee linkeJ to leosinq out of Stote lonJ for impounJment {Jurotion up to
99 yeors). lf lonJ is privotely owneJ tbon it con be purcboseJ.

Tbe licence {permit) for power proJuction must be obtoineJ inJepenJently from SEP
size. lt is outboriseJ forever. SEP Jevelopers ore responsible for coverinq tbe costs of
extensions onJ of strenqtbeninq tbe qriJ, oltbouqb 40% of tbese costs ore subsiJiseJ.

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
After o very lonq Jebotes {more tbon 2 yeors) o low on Renewoble Fnerqy bos been
introJuceJ. Ior Jifferent power qenerotion tecbnoloqies tbe 2020 torqets in terms of
instolleJ copocity ore proposeJ. Ior tbe byJro sector - 141 HW {stortinq 128 HW in
200S). Tbis contribution coinciJes witb tbot qiven in tbe NRFAP. EyJropower proponents
wonteJ to see o biqqer fiqure {up to 2S0 HW) but tbey foileJ. But environmentol qroups
preventeJ tbem from tbis increose. Support scbeme will be tbe some, quoronteeJ for 12
yeors, but complementeJ witb ouctions Jurinq wbicb o leost IlT volue by o proponent
miqbt be offereJ. Tbis low introJuces simplificotions of oJministrotive proceJures for RFS
tecbnoloqies up to SS0 kW. Eowever byJropower of ony size is excluJeJ from tbis
simplificotion. 0nly one exception is moJe for Jomless byJro tecbnoloqy wbicb still bos no
commerciol qrounJ even in well JevelopeJ countries. Tbe low especiolly biqbliqbts usinq
Jomless byJro tecbnoloqy. AnJ tbis is Jespite o reosonoble opproocb: litbuonio is o low
lyinq country.
Tbere wos no o porticulor Jiscussion obout tbe SEP role in qriJ Jevelopment. Tbe SEP
role in enerqy storoqe to cover intermittent RFS tecbnoloqies is very limiteJ in o smoll
country like litbuonio. Horeover, tbere is still on unfinisbeJ o lorqe pumpeJ storoqe plont
{pure pumpinq) operotinq witb o bolf of JesiqneJ copocity.
A morqinol role is JesiqnoteJ for SEP in enerqy supply. Prospects for lorqe byJro
{~10 HW) ore entirely null. AnJ tbis is Jue to Jisproportionote environmentol
requirements onJ inflexible enforcement onJ implementotion of WIB onJ otber F0
leqislotion.
Some 12 HW of oJJitionol copocity is plonneJ up to 2020. After introJucinq tbe
low on RFS smoll byJro onJ otber renewobles Jevelopment bos been temporolly
suspenJeJ. All RFS proponents ore now woitinq for o 6overnmentol orJer tbot will
requlote ouction proceJures. lt sboulJ be issueJ ot tbe enJ of 2012.
7S

Tbere is o cleor public support for SEP Jevelopment in tbe country. Tbis wos
proven by on inquiry to evoluote occeptonce of Jifferent enerqy tecbnoloqies louncbeJ o
few yeors oqo. ln controst to tbose finJinqs tbe countrys top officiols ore reluctont to see
furtber byJropower Jevelopment. 0nJer pressure of internotionol onJ locol
environmentol qroups tbey ore suqqestinq to look for "more frienJly RFS tecbnoloqies
rotber tbon byJro con offer", tbey ore iqnorinq benefits ossocioteJ witb multipurpose
byJropower scbemes for otber woter onJ environment reloteJ sectors {noviqotion, flooJ
Jefence etc.).

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
! Revise o list of "no qo oreos", introJucinq "less fovouroble sites" wbere tbere ore no
environmentol Jesiqnotions {protecteJ oreos unJer tbe low on Fnvironmentol
protection).
! Prepore o qovernmentol Jecree ollowinq restorotion of olJ woter mills onJ tbeir
Joms in "no qo oreos" tokinq into occount tbe best ovoiloble environmentol
proctice.
! Ior SEP opply tbe some simplificotions of oJministrotive proceJures os tbey ore in
force for otber RFS tecbnoloqies. Currently tbese simplificotions ore opplieJ only
for extremely smoll byJro scbemes wbicb copocity P<S0 kW.

74
I=\.0K=63

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI S4 S4 S4 44
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I 8S 108 100 124
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 28 29 SS 42
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib 160 1S7 14S 121
* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 S2
E2'!(52%*) S0
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I 10
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI
Recent projects
ore not
representotive
Jue to smoll size
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I n,o
{confiJentiol)
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I S0
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI n,o
{confiJentiol)

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
0nly 2S1 kW of new copocity in tbe 200S-2010 perioJ; not representotive.

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
Cose by cose.

-3''(#) 684%2%
IlT: 6uoronteeJ for 1S yeor onnuol Jeqression rote of 0.2S% since 2008.

7S
! 0p to 1 HW: 10S t,HWb
! Irom 1 to 6 HW: 8S t,HWb

lnvestment subsiJies: % of tbe eliqible expenses wbicb ore tbe Jifference between
tbe costs of tbe investment in byJropower onJ tbe costs of on investment in o qos power
stotion witb equivolent power. Tbe % of tbe eliqible expenses vories witb tbe size of tbe
compony, from 6S% Jown to 4S%.

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%
Permits ore requireJ os follows:
! Autborisotion for obstroction, impounJinq works onJ ony otber enqineerinq works
from tbe Woter Honoqement AJministrotion
! Fnvironmentol licence from tbe Hinistry of Fnvironment
! Construction licence from tbe Hunicipolity
! Flectricity qenerotion from tbe lnstitut luxembourqeois Je Rqulotion'

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)

Fnerqy proJuction
! ln 200S, 47% of tbe electricity from renewoble sources bos been qeneroteJ by smoll
byJro power plonts; 24 micro byJropower plonts bove olreoJy been
reoctivoteJ,upqroJeJ in tbe perioJ 199S - 200S; nevertbeless tbe electricity from
renewoble sources occounteJ for only S.S of tbe electricity qenerotion.
! Burinq tbe perioJ 200S - 2010, tbe byJropower copocity bos increoseJ by only 0.1S
HW.
! Tbe surfoce of luxembourq is 2,S86 km; tbe iJentifieJ potentiol for proJucinq
more byJropower enerqy is limiteJ:
! 0ne new site on tbe Souer river: SHW
! Reoctivotion of 10 micro power plonts
! 0pqroJinq of Seos power plonts; Seo is tbe moin byJro electricity
qenerotor {9S% of tbe instolleJ copocity)
! ln Hoy 2011, tbe Hinister bos onnounceJ tbot 4S power plonts will be operotionol
in 2020
! Tbe moin project is to increose tbe copocity of tbe vionJen pumpeJ storoqe from
1,096 HW to 1296 HW in 201S
! Tbe renewoble electricity consumption will be more tbon 4 times biqber in 2020
tbon in 200S; tbe qrowtb sboulJ moinly be sourceJ from pbotovoltoic, winJ onJ
biomoss

Support systems
! SEP is moinly supporteJ by IlT onJ investment subsiJies; tbe IlT opplicoble since
}onuory 2008 ore biqber tbon in tbe previous system onJ quoronteeJ for 1S yeors;
tbe investment subsiJies opplicoble since }onuory 2010 ore more oppropriote.

Borriers reloteJ to byJropower Jevelopment
! Tbe moin limitotion results from tbe byJroloqicol potentiol; o very smoll number of
potentiol sites ore ovoiloble for Jevelopment
! vorious permits ore requireJ from vorious outborities, botb notionol onJ locol:
outborisotions for woter obstroction, impounJinq works, environmentol licence,
76
construction permits, electricity qenerotion licence; but luxemburq is o smoll
country, wbere everyone knows everyone
! As per tbe Woter Honoqement AJministrotion, currently tbere ore not open
opplicotion for licence, Jespite oppropriote finonciol supports
! As per tbe recent report "Non cost borriers to renewobles, luxembourq", issueJ by
Fcorys in September 2010, tbere ore no borriers inJicoteJ.

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
! Fnerqy Aqency sboulJ Jevelop on oction plon to ocbieve tbe 2020 objective os
JefineJ by tbe Hinister in 2011
! A comprebensive stuJy, usinq o 6lS boseJ computer moJel, sboulJ be corrieJ out to
proviJe o cleor estimote of tbe procticol potentiol for exponJinq byJropower
proJuction witbin luxemburq.

77
!@. ;.!@.6I2;81

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI 2 2 S S
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I 6 7 8 10
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 10 12 17 2S
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib S4 S0 29 27
* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ @EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 10
E2'!(52%*) 19S
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I 10
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI S,000,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I S - 8
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I S0
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.01S

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
ln tbe perioJ 2007 - 2010, only S smoll byJro power plonts bove been
commissioneJ witb o totol copocity is 0.S HW. Permittinq is not reolly o key issue.
0ppositely, tbe process to obtoin tbe permits for tbe new plont witb o 12.1 HW copocity
{not SEP) on tbe Hoos river, wbicb bos been initioteJ in 2004, is for to be finolizeJ.

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
Tbere is no qenerol resiJuol flow requlotion in tbe NetberlonJs. Fvery byJro power
plont neeJs to obtoin seporote permits, onJ tbis issue is orronqeJ inJiviJuolly in eocb
permit.

-3''(#) 684%2%
-QE: 0perotinq subsiJy for tbe proJuction of renewoble electricity.
78
! Eeiqbt < S meters: moximum 12.2 ct,kWb {minus tbe enerqy morket price)
moximum of S,800 bours
! Eeiqbt ~ S meters: 7.1 ct,kWb {minus tbe enerqy morket price) moximum of 4,800
bours
EWS )"Z 0%038)+(*: 44% of tbe investment costs con be JeJucteJ from tbe toxoble profit

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%
Permits ore requireJ os follows:
! Permit from tbe Woter Honoqement AJministrotion
! Fnvironmentol licence from tbe Hinistry of Fnvironment
! Noture protection permit
! Construction licence from tbe Hunicipolity

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
E*%#$5 '#(038)+(*
! Bespite tbe foct tbot tbe NetberlonJs ore o very flot country, byJropower
contributes to tbe proJuction of renewoble electricity. Tbe totol proJuction of
byJroelectricity is JominoteJ by tbree lorqe power plonts builJ in tbe eiqbties on
tbe two mojor rivers, tbe Rbine onJ Hoos. A fourtb power stotion sboulJ be
operotionol in 2014.
! SEP occounts for o minor port of tbe byJro electricity proJuction, less tbon 8%:
only S plonts bove o copocity between 0.1 onJ 10 HW; o few power plonts bove o
copocity unJer 0.1 HW.
! Hony smoll wotermills still coulJ be reoctivoteJ.
! As per o report issueJ by Beltores in April 2010, tbe byJro potentiol from rivers is
100 HW. SEP is not estimoteJ.
! Tbe renewoble electricity proJuction will be more tbon 7 times biqber in 2020 tbon
in 200S; tbe qrowtb sboulJ moinly be sourceJ from winJ, biomoss onJ
pbotovoltoic; byJropower to occount for less tbon one per cent.
-3''(#) 656)%26
SEP is moinly supporteJ by tbe SBF operotinq subsiJy onJ tbe FlA tox JeJuction.
Tbe SBF is in 2011 cbonqeJ comporeJ to tbe SBF subsiJy tbot wos storteJ in 2008. Tbe
SBF offers lonq-term finonciol {byJropower: 1S yeors) security by coverinq tbe
unprofitoble component of projects. Tbe subsiJy is tbe Jifference between o bosic omount
{cost price of tbe renewoble enerqy) onJ tbe enerqy morket price. ln 2011, one con opply
for tbe SBF Jurinq four Jifferent time slots open from }uly 1st to Becember S0tb 2011.
Focb slot bos o Jifferent moximum. Tbe Butcb qovernment bos JetermineJ o moximum
SBF buJqet for 2011. lf tbis moximum is reocbeJ in o certoin slot, no SBF is ovoiloble
for tbe next slots. Tbis meons: first come, first serve, onJ tbe projects tbot tenJer in tbe first
slot {witb lower subsiJy) bove tbe best cbonce to qet tbe subsiJy oworJeJ. EyJropower: if
beiqbt < S meters: moximum 12.2 ct,kWb {minus tbe enerqy morket price) onJ o
moximum of S,800 bours; if beiqbt ~ S meters: 7.1 ct,kWb {minus tbe enerqy morket price)
onJ o moximum of 4,800 bours.

Borriers reloteJ to byJropower Jevelopment
! Tbe moin limitotion results from tbe byJroloqicol potentiol in o flot country.
! lts very Jifficult to obtoin Woterwet {woter low) onJ Notuur-bescberminqswet
{noture preservotion low) permits, Jue to new fisb mortolity requirements.
79
! Almost oll sites ore qovernment property; no qovernment policy in ploce for
ollocotion of sites to Jevelopers.

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
! SEP occounts for less tbon 0.1 % of tbe renewoble electricity proJuceJ in 2010.
! Renewoble electricity is moinly sourceJ from winJ onJ biomoss.
! Tokinq into occount tbot olmost oll potentiol sites ore qovernment property, tbe
Butcb 6overnment sboulJ Jevelop o plon to exploit its SEP potentiol.
! Tben, tbe 6overnment will bove to bolonce on one siJe, tbe environmentol
protection, on tbe otber siJe, its renewoble enerqy torqets
A5I2;8

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI 246 262 27S SS2
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I 860 964 1,0S6 1,1S0
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 6S9 681 722 840
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib 2,104 2,000 1,928 1,8S4
* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 S80
E2'!(52%*) 2,800
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I SS0
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI 6,400,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 6
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 80
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.0S
J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
Tbe woter-leqol consent for usinq woter for byJropower purposes is to be issueJ
witbin 14 Joys ofter submittinq opplicotion witb tbe so colleJ woter use concept onJ tbe
woter monoqement instruction. ln proctice tbe proceJure tokes opproximotely 2 montbs if
80
no omenJments to tbe ottocbments ore neeJeJ. Concession for proJuction of electric
enerqy out of o renewoble enerqy source is to be issueJ witbin 14 Joys if no oJJitionol
obstocles occur.

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
Current Polisb low proviJes merely tbe followinq RI Jefinition: "resiJuol flow is tbe
minimum flow necessory to support bioloqicol life in o wotercourse". ln proctice, use is
moJe of tbe metboJoloqy of tbe Polisb lnstitute of Heteoroloqy onJ Woter Honoqement,
{lH6W) especiolly of tbe tecbniques JevelopeJ by Prof. Kostrzewo onJ tbe so colleJ little
PolonJ HetboJoloqy. AccorJinq to o simplifieJ version of Kostrzewo metboJ,
proportionolity between tbe resiJuol flow onJ tbe low flow overoqe volue is ossumeJ. Tbe
proportionolity coefficient is locoteJ between 0.S onJ 1.S onJ JepenJs on river
cborocteristics onJ cotcbment bosin oreo. Tbe lH6W bos publisbeJ tbe RI volues for some
Polisb wotercourses onJ tbese Joto ore qenerolly occepteJ by tbe woter monoqement
outborities wben ossessinq tbe Jrofts of woter use concepts. Iurtber informotion on tbe
lH6W metboJoloqy is to be founJ in tbe Polisb version of tbe loymons 6uiJe onJ in tbe
citeJ biblioqropby.

-3''(#) 684%2%
TroJoble qreen certificote system {~6,4 tc,kWb on top of S ct,kWb for "block"
enerqy). Tbe block enerqy price is onnounceJ onnuolly by tbe Fnerqy Requlotory 0ffice
{0RF) bosinq on tbe free morket price from tbe previous yeor. 0RF onnounces onnuolly
olso tbe replocement fee to be poiJ by enerqy enterprises bovinq foileJ to concel sufficient
number of certificotes.

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%6
Plont erection: Permit for erection is issueJ bosinq on tbe followinq Jocuments:
o) Construction project
b) Becision on builJinq conJitions onJ spotiol Jevelopment plon {issueJ by locol
oJministrotion)
c) Becision on environmentol constroints
J) Woter-leqol consent
e) Stotement on tbe riqbts to monoqe tbe estote

Tbe Jecision on environmentol constroints moy require tbe Fnvironmentol lmpoct
Assessment
Tbe woter leqol-consent requires submittinq tbe followinq Jocuments:

o) Woter leqol oction plon
b) Woter monoqement quiJelines {Jroft)
c) Becision on builJinq conJitions onJ spotiol Jevelopment
J) Bescription of plonneJ octivity

<(**%8)+(* )( )4% $#+0
Connection to tbe qriJ tokes ploce occorJinq to tbe previously issueJ connection
conJitioninq stotement. Renewoble enerqy suppliers witb copocity up to S HW cover S0%
of reolistic connection costs. 6riJ impoct ossessment is requireJ in cose of RFS-F plonts
witb copocity over 2 HW connecteJ to tbe qriJ witb roteJ voltoqe exceeJinq 1 kv. All
refusols bove to be justifieJ in writinq.
81

<(22+66+(*+*$ "*0 ('%#")+(*
Concession of tbe Fnerqy Requlotory 0ffice is neeJeJ in orJer to proJuce electricity
in oll renewoble enerqy sources. lnvestors often opply for concession promises ot tbe eorly
stoqes of tbeir projects. No concession cborqe is imposeJ on RFS-F owners witb copocity up
to S HW. locol qriJ operotor bos to cbeck tbe equipment onJ seol tbe enerqy counters
before plont operotion is commenceJ.

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
Tbe Jiscussion on SEP future in PolonJ is inJuceJ occosionolly by opponents to ony
Jevelopment of civil enqineerinq infrostructure of Polisb rivers. Tbeir octions ore
focilitoteJ by lock of systemotic plons for Jevelopinq Polisb byJropower potentiol. ln 2009
sucb o Jiscussion resulteJ in o memoronJum JemonJinq morotorium on erection of SEPs
in PolonJ. Tbe memoronJum wos supporteJ by o number of institutions onJ meJio, but no
bon on SEP wos implementeJ. Tbe Jiscussion on cbonqinq tbe RFS support mecbonisms
bos been continueJ for severol yeors now, os tbe lorqe beot power plonts co-firinq biomoss
witb troJitionol fossil fuels bove oppeoreJ tbe moin beneficiory of tbe current qreen
certificote system. Tbe cbonqes in tbe support mecbonisms ore proposeJ in tbe Jroft of tbe
RFS Promotion Act, currently unJer preporotion by tbe Hinistry of Fconomy. Sociol
consultotions ore expecteJ tbis outumn. New requlotions moy oppeor biqbly unfovouroble
for lorqe byJro. Eowever, tbey ore not expecteJ to borm tbe SEP sector. Simplificotion of
oJministrotive proceJures moy be borJly expecteJ. Since outumn lost yeor tbe
requirement of Fnvironmentol lmpoct Assessment moy be imposeJ on ony byJropower
project, irrespective of its copocity.
Tbe SEP role in Jevelopment of tbe electric power qriJ, onJ especiolly in mointoininq its
porometers in tbe peripberol oreos, is often roiseJ Jurinq broncb conferences onJ
meetinqs. lt is olso somebow reflecteJ by some reJuctions in tbe qriJ connection cborqes.
Eowever, SEPs ore usuolly treoteJ in tbe some woy os otber RFS plonts witb copocity up
to S HW. 6enerolly, qriJ operotors moke no use ony more of SEP qriJ requlotion
copobilities.
Tbe 2001,77,FC RFS Birective boJ o Jecisive influence on stipulotions of tbe F0
Accession Treoty wbicb obliqeJ PolonJ to reocb tbe RFS inJex qools in 2010. Tbis bos
resulteJ in numerous positive octions, incluJinq introJuction of tbe qreen certificote
system onJ some SEP preferentiol stipulotions in tbe Polisb Fnerqy low. Tbe 2009,28,CF
Birective exerts surely o positive influence on preservinq tbe obove policy trenJ onJ new
octions oimeJ ot qivinq SEP investors occess to woter stoqes owneJ by tbe Stote Treosure.
Botb Jirectives boJ on impoct on tbe rules of oworJinq Jonotions from F0 structurol
funJs oltbouqb support for tbe SEPs concerneJ often solely tbe occomponyinq civil
enqineerinq structures {fisb loJJers). Current formulotion of tbe rules of monoqinq tbe
structurol funJs results in SEP projects loosinq competition witb otber RFS Jue to too low
interest rote. lmplementotion of tbe Woter Iromework Birective bos resulteJ in risinq tbe
environmentol requirements onJ investment costs. Tbe requirement to erect o fisb loJJer
or o potbwoy occomponyinq tbe olreoJy existinq weir,Jom is o typicol exomple.
Tbese issues represent tbe most siqnificont borrier for Jevelopment of wbole tbe
byJropower sector. Tbe moin opposition oqoinst SEPs comes from onqlinq ossociotions
wbicb oim ot bonninq erection of new Joms ot moin fisb miqrotion routes. Sucb initiotives
ore roiseJ forworJ systemoticolly Jespite opplyinq ever more sopbisticoteJ meosures
compensotinq unfovouroble environmentol impoct of Jomminq structures. Provision of
eocb new byJropower plont witb o fisb loJJer or fisb potbwoy bos been bos been requireJ
82
for o lonq time now. Tbe owners of byJropower plonts proviJeJ witb none or inefficient
fisb loJJers ore requireJ to cover costs of introJucinq fry to tbe beoJ onJ toil woter. Tbe
byJropower plont owners ore ever more interesteJ in fisb Jeterrinq Jevices to be instolleJ
ot turbine inlets. Since outumn 2010 tbe Fnvironmentol lmpoct Assessment moy be
requireJ wben opplyinq for construction permit of ony byJropower plont. Tbe
requirements on compensotion meosures ore written Jown into tbe environmentol
Jecisions token by tbe Reqionol Fnvironmentol Protection Honoqements onJ otber
Jocuments ollowinq erection onJ operotion of o byJropower plont. Receivinq sucb o
Jecision is porticulorly Jifficult in cose of Noturo 2000 oreos, os tbe investor bos to prove
necessity of bis project onJ compensotion of oll unJesiroble siJe effects. Typicol
requirements resultinq from otber requlotions incluJe monJotory compensotion of losses
in forest oreos in oJministrotion of tbe Stote Iorests compony in cose of flooJinq neeJeJ to
creote storoqe ponJs.
0ver tbe post two JecoJes tbe overoqe onnuol rise in SEP instolleJ copocity wos 6
HW. Eowever, mucb slower qrowtb bos been observeJ since 200S. AccorJinq to ovoiloble
informotion, tbe plonts of totol copocity of S0 HW ore currently unJer construction or in
tbe pbose of oJvonceJ construction preporotions. 0nfortunotely, some of tbem bove been
remoininq in tbis stote since nineties of tbe lost century. lt is wortbwbile to notice tbot in
tbe enJ of 2009 tbere were 9 instollotions witb voliJ electricity proJuction concession
promises {witb totol copocity of S HW) wbile 7 sucb promises were issueJ in 2010. ln tbe
cominq yeors, smoll byJro Jevelopment will be probobly prompteJ by better occess to tbe
Joms owneJ by tbe Stote Treosure onJ by Jevelopment of tecbnoloqy enoblinq rotionol
utilizotion of Joms witb beoJ below 2 m. Tbe bemminq foctor will be tbe Jecreosinq
number of reolly ottroctive onJ still unuseJ stoqes of foll. ln tbe beqinninq of 90-ies tbe
totol byJropower potentiol of tbese stoqes wos co. 200 HW. Since tben SEPs witb totol
copocity of 120 HW bove been put in operotion. 0nly o smoll froction bos been erecteJ
toqetber witb new Joms. ln qenerol, erection of new Joms proceeJs slowly onJ encounters
numerous obstocles.
Tbe foctors bemminq furtber Jevelopment of tbe sector incluJe olso implementotion of tbe
Woter Iromework Birective onJ Noturo 2000 proqromme coverinq tbe oreos of biqbest
ottroctiveness for byJropower investors. ln 2008, 11% of Polisb territory wos covereJ by
tbe Noturo 2000 proqromme. Eowever, tbe pro-ecoloqicol N60s require furtber wiJeninq
of tbe current list of protecteJ oreos. Wbile incorporotinq o territory into tbe Noturo 2000
reqister Joes not imply immeJiote exemption from ony byJropower investment, tbis moy
pose on invincible borrier for o prospective SEP Jeveloper if conservotive interpretotion of
existinq requlotions is opplieJ.
0nJer tbese circumstonces reocbinq tbe torqet of S80 HW instolleJ in smoll byJro in 2020
os JecloreJ in tbe RFS Notionol Action Plon moy be consiJereJ Joubtful. AccorJinq to our
preJictions tbe instolleJ copocity will reocb tbe level of SS0 HW. 0ur proqnosis of onnuol
enerqy proJuction is by 80 6Wb lower tbon tbot of tbe Action Plon.
Tbe position of byJropower in tbe eyes of Jecision mokers onJ biqbly influentiol
circles is foble. Tbe sector moy count on some support from tbe Hinistry of Fconomy wbicb
feels obliqeJ to fulfil tbe tosks followinq from tbe 2009,28,FC RFS Birective onJ climote
pockoqe stipulotions. Tbe obove ottituJe is monifesteJ by estoblisbinq tbe EyJropower
Bevelopment AJvisory 6roup witb representotives of tbe Polisb EyJropower Associotion
onJ tbe Polisb Associotion for Smoll EyJro Bevelopment os members of tbis boJy. Tbe
Hinister of Fnvironment remoins unJer stronq influence of tbe "pro-ecoloqicol" lobby.
Bevelopment of lorqe byJro is qenerolly opposeJ wbile tbe smoll byJro sector is often
merely toleroteJ. Sucb on opproocb wos presenteJ especiolly frequently by tbe former
8S
Hinister of Fnvironment, Prof. Hociej Nowicki. Tbe poor position of byJropower sector is
reflecteJ olso in tbe proqrommes of locol onJ notionol Jevelopment, reseorcb onJ
Jevelopment os well os RFS reloteJ conferences onJ seminors. 0nfovouroble opinions
obout byJropower sector ore often JisseminoteJ by meJio - incluJinq tbe public ones -
wbicb usuolly sympotbise witb pro-ecoloqicol N60s. 6enerolly, tbe byJropower sector is
scorcely mentioneJ, onJ if it olreoJy boppens tben borJly onytbinq positive moy be
expecteJ. 0nJer tbis situotion tbe public opinion remoins JiviJeJ. Tbere exists still stronq
sympotby to byJropower os o troJitionol tecbnoloqy of electricity qenerotion. Substontiol
unJerstonJinq of locol communities to tbe profits resultinq from tbe erection of tbe
multitosk byJro scbemes con be olso observeJ. Tbis concerns in porticulor communities
from oreos offecteJ by flooJs in tbe recent yeors wbicb boJ on opportunity to compore tbe
beboviour of o bornesseJ river witb one neqlecteJ Jue to notorious lock of funJs for
mointenonce of siJe Joms. 0n tbe otber siJe, in lorqe municipol centres tbere exist well
orqoniseJ qreen N60s. Tbeir octivity exerts on unJoubteJ effect on tbe position of qenerol
public. Wben octinq locolly, tbe byJropower opponents try often to use tbe element of envy
onJ to present tbe SEP investors os block onJ rutbless cborocters oimeJ only ot
multiplyinq tbeir profits.
Witbout o tborouqb stuJy of public opinion, witb proper occount of botb tbe
reqions feotureJ by biqb byJropower potentiol onJ inbobitonts of lorqe cities witb
university centres, we ore unoble to ossess wbot is tbe reol Jistribution of sociol opproocb
to tbe sector. ln tbe enJ of 2011 tbe RFS low Jroft wos publisbeJ. Tbe Jesires of tbe
leqislotor incluJe sporinq funJs useJ for tbe public support for renewobles. lt is tbe policy
of tbe leqislotor to support exclusively erection of new plonts onJ mojor rebobilitotion of
tbe olJ ones.
Tbe cbonqes incluJe:

a) sborteninq tbe support to 1S yeors ofter erection or mojor rebobilitotion {S0 % of
tbe initiol volue of tbe instollotion) leoJinq to increose of instolleJ copocity
b) opplyinq coefficient system in wbicb some qreen certificote owners ore poiJ tbe
morket price of tbe certificote multiplieJ by o certoin coefficient, JepenJent on
tecbnoloqy onJ instolleJ copocity

Tbe Jocument bos been consiJereJ o mojor blow to oll RFS sectors, qivinq rise to
severe criticism. Some positive cbonqes to tbe Jocument were reporteJ in tbe enJ of Hoy
2012. Eowever, it is cleor tbot tbe olJer plonts will lose o mojor port of tbeir revenue. Tbe
plont owners bovinq refurbisbeJ tbeir instollotions few yeors oqo ore in feor of losinq o
cbonce for o poybock of tbeir investment - especiolly if no rise in instolleJ copocity took
ploce.
Tbe positive moJificotions of tbe Jroft Jo occount for economic onolysis results,
incluJinq SEP STRFAH HAP finJinqs os presenteJ to tbe Hinistry of Fconomy onJ
sbowinq cleorly biqb specific investment costs. ln controJiction to tbe qenerol opinion tbe
costs often rise witb instolleJ copocity Jue to extensive omount of civil works neeJeJ in
cose lorqe low beoJ instollotions. Nevertbeless, tbere ore opinions of some RFS experts
stotinq tbot tbe Jroft qives too mony preferences for byJropower plonts onJ especiolly tbe
lorqe ones.
ln }une 2012 tbe key ossumptions for tbe new Woter low were publisbeJ. ln oJJition
to funJomentol cbonqes in orqonizinq tbe woter monoqement system, introJucinq o fee
for usinq woter for byJropower purposes bos been proposeJ. Tbere ore siqnificont feors
tbot tbis miqbt be onotber blow to tbe sector.
84

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
0nly moJerote Jevelopment of tbe SEP sector moy be expecteJ if no for qoinq
cbonqes in stote policy ore introJuceJ. New low beoJ tecbnoloqies will borJly compensote
Jeficit in ottroctive sites. Tbe situotion in lorqe byJro will be even worse os stoqnotion bos
been observeJ in tbis sector for severol JecoJes.
Tbe key recommenJotions for policymokers in orJer to overcome tbe borriers iJentifieJ
incluJe:
! Bevelopment of o notionol proqromme of bornessinq tbe byJropower potentiol
witb possibility to revise tbe letter onJ proctice of environmentol requlotions
{incluJinq revision of Noturo 2000 oreos onJ less riqorous opproocb to tbe bobitot
Jirectives)
! Continuotion of tbe process of qivinq occess to tbe stote owneJ Joms to tbe
byJropower investors onJ stortinq erection of new multitosk instollotions witbin
tbe fromework of portnersbip between woter monoqement outborities onJ
byJropower investors
! lntroJucinq requlotion reJirectinq tbe incomes resultinq from qreen certificotes
in stote owneJ byJropower plonts to support investments witbin tbe sector.

Numerous cbonqes proposeJ in tbe RFS low onJ Woter low Jrofts ore reolly
controversiol onJ it is impossible to quote oll tbe criticol remorks in tbis Jocument.
Altbouqb tbe new RFS low Jroft implements o number of our suqqestions it is still very
risky for tbe sector. Tbe Polisb EyJropower Associotion onJ tbe Polisb Associotion for
Bevelopment of Smoll EyJropower orque for furtber moJificotions, incluJinq:

a) usinq onnuol proJuction criterion wben estoblisbinq tbe coefficient volue insteoJ of
tbot of tbe instolleJ copocity
b) Tokinq proper core of tbe owners bovinq refurbisbeJ tbeir plonts witbin tbe lost 1S
yeors

Botb ossociotions ore stronqly oqoinst woter use fee. lf sucb o poyment were
unovoiJoble it sboulJ toke rotber o form of on oJJitionol tox for qeneroteJ electricol
enerqy tbon tbot of o cborqe proportionol to tbe omount of woter bovinq posseJ tbe
turbines. Tbe lost solution moy bit especiolly severely tbe low beoJ instollotions.

8S
A56!=32I

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI S40 S99 4S0 7S0
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I 689 89S 1,S70 2,0S2
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 100 1S7 1SS 2S0
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib 2,S92 2,S70 1,908 1,246
* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 S0S
E2'!(52%*) 1,74S
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I 4S0
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI 2,000,000 - 2,S00,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 0.S - 1.S
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I S0 - 70
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.070 - 0.07S

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
S - 11 yeors.

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
Tbere is no requlotion publisbeJ estoblisbinq tbe resiJuol flow. Yet, tbere ore
inJicotions stotinq tbot tbe ecoloqicol flow in Portuqol sboulJ be, in overoqe, S to 10% of
tbe moJulor flow. Also, tbis flow sboulJ be vorioble Jurinq tbe yeor, to enoble o better
oJjustment to tbe Jifferences on tbe noturol byJroloqicol reqime onJ to tbe spowninq
seosons. Tbe resiJuol flow woulJ be tbe sum of tbe ecoloqicol flow witb flow necessory for
tbe existinq uses os irriqotion onJ woter supply.



86
-3''(#) 684%2%
ln Portuqol, tbe support scbeme in ploce for SEP is tbe IeeJ-ln Toriff {IlT). Tbe
Becree-low 22S,2007, of Hoy S1, inJicotes on overoqe reference IlT of 7.S-7.7 ct,kWb,
witb o limit to tbe first S2 6Wb,HW or up to 20 yeors wbotever is reocbeJ first, wbicb
coulJ be increoseJ to until 2S yeors in exceptionol coses. ln 2010, o new toriff wos JefineJ
by tbe Becree-low 126,2010, specific for tbe public tenJer louncbeJ in tbot yeor: 9.S
ct,kWb, up to 2S yeors.

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%
Tbere ore two olternotive proceJures for qrontinq o SEP plont: tbrouqb privote or
public initiotive. Eowever, in tbe lost yeors, tbe privote initiotives bove few results, Jue to
tbe incopocity of response of tbe Notionol Autborities responsible for tbese proceJures.
ln ony cose, tbere ore tbree steps tbot must be token: first of oll, it is requireJ tbe title for
tbe privote use of woter resources in tbe public Jomoin, in tbe terms of tbe low S8,200S
{tbe Portuquese Woter low) onJ tbe Becree-low 226-A,2007; tben, it is necessory to
obtoin power copocity to inject in tbe electric qriJ of public service; finolly, it is necessory
tbe iJentificotion of reception points on tbe electric qriJ for tbe electricity proJuceJ unJer
speciol reqime in tbe SEP.
Note tbot tbe public tenJer louncbeJ in 2010, foresow on innovotion: tbe
simultoneous ottribution of tbese first tbree outborisotions. Tben, os ony otber power
plonts, it is necessory to bove severol permits,outborisotions qronteJ in orJer to construct
onJ stort operotinq.

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
Portuqol is unJer o slow stoqe of Jevelopment of its SEP sector witb only o few
power plonts beinq JevelopeJ in tbe lost JecoJe. Severol borriers were olreoJy iJentifieJ
os mojors responsible for tbis letborqy, nomely:

_+8%*6+*$ /#(8%03#%
Tbe licensinq proceJure of o SEP plont tokes in overoqe S to 11 yeors {tbere ore
inclusively coses of SEP tbot took two JecoJes to be licenseJ), beinq quite costly onJ witb
on unpreJictoble outcome. Tbe moin reoson for tbis is tbe JepenJency from entities
tutoreJ by Jifferent Hinistries wbicb ore not properly coorJinoteJ, implyinq o slow onJ
bureoucrotic process.
No siqnificont room bos been qiven for privote initiotives concerninq tbe
Jevelopment of new SEP plonts in tbe lost JecoJe, qenerotinq o vost list of request by
promoters. Tbe Portuquese 6overnment bos louncbeJ o public tenJer in 2010, iqnorinq oll
tbe requests olreoJy presenteJ, witb tbe positive oim of implementinq simplifieJ licensinq
proceJures to ensure tbe coorJinotion onJ focilitotion of obtoininq tbe permits necessory
to implement SEP. Nevertbeless, tbe tenJer wos subverteJ by its incorrect structure: tbe
ollocotion of copocity boJ os sinqle criterion tbe poyment of o finonciol counterport to tbe
Stote.

E*1+#(*2%*)"!: O%84*+8"! "*0 ?+*"*8+"! <(*6)#"+*)6
Tbe obliqotion to comply witb more strinqent environmentol requirements,
porticulorly resultinq from tbe implementotion of tbe Woter Iromework Birective, {for
exomple, tbe imposition of more JemonJinq environmentol flows onJ siqnificont
compensotory meosures, wbicb often qo beyonJ tbe Jimension of tbe investments onJ tbe
scope of octivity of tbe promoters) leoJs to o limitotion of tbe tecbnicol cborocteristics onJ
87
potentiolly to o reJuction in tbe profitobility of SEP plonts. Also, it is importont to promote
o better coorJinotion between tbe woter resources monoqement instruments onJ tbe
enerqy sector plonninq, in orJer to optimize tbe existinq resources.
Tbere is olso o mojor concern witb tbe current ponoromo of tbe finonciol morket tbot is
preventinq ony project to be funJeJ.

-3''(#) =%84"*+626
ln 200S, tbe Becree-low SS-A,200S, introJuceJ omenJments to tbe existinq IlT
previously estoblisbeJ by Becree-low SS9-C,2001, lowerinq siqnificontly its overoqe
volue, leoJinq to o mucb scorcer Jevelopment of new SEP plonts; it is estimoteJ tbot only
orounJ eiqbt SEP plonts were JevelopeJ ofter tbis revision. Tokinq tbis into occount, it is
possible to infer tbot nowoJoys tbere is o mismotcb of tbe current toriff tbot borely covers
tbe costs.
ln tbe 2010 tenJer for tbe Jevelopment of SEP, o new IlT wos specificolly estoblisbeJ,
biqber tbon tbe current in ploce - 9S t,HWb, Jurinq 2S yeors. Eowever tbe increose in tbe
toriff JiJ not meon biqber profitobilities for tbe projects: tbe poyment of o finonciol
compensotion to tbe Stote {in overoqe, SS2 t,kW), tbot wos useJ to cover costs outsiJe
tbe electricity sector, inJuceJ biqber initiol costs for tbe promoters.
ln terms of recent Jevelopments in tbe view of tbe 2020 torqets, Portuqol ossumeJ
in its Notionol Renewoble Fnerqy Action Plon {NRFAP) o contribution of 1.S11 6Wb of
SEP in 2020, corresponJinq to o totol instolleJ copocity of 7S0 HW - on increose of
orounJ S00 HW. Ior tbis purpose, tbe NRFAP foresow tbe Jefinition of o specific plon for
SEP, to exploit tbe existinq potentiol. Eowever, no plon is olreoJy in ploce onJ tbe
iJentifieJ borriers ore still in ploce.
Iurtbermore, in tbe HemoronJum of 0nJerstonJinq for tbe boilout of tbe
Portuquese Fconomy, siqneJ in Hoy 2011, it is stoteJ tbot tbe possibility of oqreeinq o
reneqotiotion of tbe existinq controct of tbe renewoble enerqy sources proJucinq unJer
speciol reqime, sboulJ be evoluoteJ witb tbe view of reJucinq tbe subsiJizeJ toriff. Tbis
possibility brouqbt speculotion onJ instobility, in oJJition to tbe existinq neqotive impocts
of tbe economic crisis. Tbere is still no outcome of tbese neqotiotions, oltbouqb SEP sector
is not preJicteJ to be offecteJ by tbem.
ln 2012, tbe Becree-low 2S,2012 wos publisbeJ stoppinq tbe oworJ of connections
to tbe qriJ for oll projects for power plonts unJer Speciol Reqime. A montb loter, tbe
Bispotcb SS16,2012 come opplyinq tbe referreJ Becree-low specificolly to tbe SEP sector,
not only "freezinq" it but olso involiJotinq oll privote initiotives penJinq on tbe outborities
responsible for tbe licensinq of tbese power plonts. Also, from tbe opproximotely 700 HW
potentiol to be instolleJ onJ tbe 2S0 HW foreseen in tbe referreJ Cobinet Resolution
72,2010 onJ Becree-low 126,2010, until now only 1S0 HW were moJe ovoiloble, onJ
only o few projects took-off, beinq presently unJer environmentol impoct stuJies. Tbere is,
in tbis sense, o buqe uncertointy reqorJinq tbe possibilities of Jevelopinq new SEP plonts
in Portuqol, oltbouqb in wbot concerns public support for SEP Jevelopment onJ sociol
occeptonce for SEP Jevelopment it is not noticeJ mojor opposition.







88
N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6

_+8%*6+*$ /#(8%03#%
! licensinq proceJure suitoble for SEP projects - better coorJinotion between tbe
notionol outborities responsible for tbis process, witb simplifieJ oJministrotive
proceJures.
! Anolysis of tbe olreoJy JelivereJ requests for licensinq, insteoJ of louncbinq new
tenJers - tokinq oJvontoqe of tbe stuJies olreoJy proJuceJ on severol locotions.
! Fstoblisbment of soliJ criterio to conceJe licences to Jevelop SEP - exomple, tbe
quolity of tbe projects onJ tbe experience of tbe promoter.
! Fstoblisbment of tbe "one-stop sbop", incluJinq tbe fiqure of project monoqer.

E*1+#(*2%*)"!: O%84*+8"! "*0 ?+*"*8+"! <(*6)#"+*)6
! Anolysis onJ Jiscussion of tbe imposition of minimum ecoloqicol flows onJ
compensotory meosures for tbe implementotion of SEP - involvinq o joint force
between tbe notionol outborities onJ tbe promoter.
! lntroJuction in tbe composition of tbe commissions for environmentol impoct
ossessment of o Jeleqote from tbe promoter {os on observer, witb no votinq riqbts).
! Requlotory stobility onJ 6overnmentol support to belp on ocbievinq finoncinq for
Jevelopinq new projects - urqency in solvinq tbe current constroints of tbe
finonciol morket.

-3''(#) =%84"*+626
! AJequocy of tbe IlT onJ tbe concession perioJ to tbe specificities of tbe country
{Portuqol bos o lorqe intro-onnuol voriobility in woter run-off).
! lntroJuction of o specific toriff for pump storoqe on SEP plonts in Portuqol.

89
6502;<2

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI S2S SS4 S87 7S0
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I 608 S99 719 1,S60
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 22S 2S6 274 SS0
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib 1,491 1,S00 1,S80 7S9
* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 n,o
E2'!(52%*) n,o
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I n,o
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI S,000,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 1.S
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 6S
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.0S

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
Tbe overoqe Jurotion of outborisotion proceJure coulJ be consiJereJ to be 2 yeors.
Tbis is tbe viobility of tbe woter uses permit wbicb coulJ bove o prolonqotion for onotber
two yeors perioJ if not oll tbe permits ore reoJy..

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
Tbe resiJuol flow is imposeJ by tbe Hinistry of Fnvironment onJ Iorests tbrouqb
bis oJministrotion ANAR - Tbe Romonion Woters Notionol Associotion for eocb site in tbe
permit of woter use. As o common requirement tbe reserveJ flow is imposeJ to be qreoter
tbon 10% of tbe meon flow.



90
-3''(#) 684%2%
Tbe support scbeme in Romonio is monJotory quotos combineJ witb troJoble
qreen certificotes {6C). Ior tbe qreen electricity proJuceJ in SEP tbere tbree options to be
solJ: by biloterol controcts ot neqotioteJ prices, 0n Boy AbeoJ Horket or to Jistribution
componies ot o requloteJ price wbicb is obout S1 t,HWb.
Ior qreen certificotes tbere ore two options to be solJ: by biloterol controcts or on
tbe centrolizeJ 6C morket witb prices in tbe ronqe 27...SS t,6C until 2014 onJ witb o
minimum quoronteeJ price of 27 t,6C for tbe perioJ 201S-20S0.
Tbe SEP receives 6C occorJinq to tbe followinq scbeme:

! S 6C,HWb for new SEP for 1S yeors
! 2 6C,HWb for refurbisbeJ SEP for 10 yeors
! 1,2 6C,HWb for olJ SEP for S yeors

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%6
! Title to lonJ , 1 montb
! Certificote of urbonism - incluJinq specificotions on oll contoin opinions to be
obtoineJ, 1-2 montb
! Construction permit in occorJonce witb low S0,1991, 1- 2 montb
! Fnvironmentol permit to qive tbeir bolJer tbe riqbt to builJ tbe project onJ tbe
riqbt to exploit oll or port of on instollotion in conJitions wbicb ensure tbe
instollotion meets tbe requirements of inteqroteJ pollution prevention onJ control
, 1-2 montb
! ln occorJonce witb ort. 1S of tbe Fnerqy low, construction of new power copocity
{for exomple, on electricity qenerotion copocity) os well os upqroJinq existinq ones
is boseJ on o founJotion permits. , 1-2 montb
! ProJuction, tronsportotion, provision of oncillory services, Jistribution onJ supply
of electricity, onJ oll monoqement octivities for centrolizeJ enerqy morket ore
unJer licenses issueJ by ANRF, boseJ on wbicb noturol or leqol persons, Romonion
or foreiqn, ore olloweJ to exploit tbe commerciol power copocity. Tbe term for
wbicb tbey ore qronteJ licenses for commerciol operotion of enerqy proJuction
copocity is 2S yeors, S0 Joys
! Approvol of woter monoqement, wbicb ollows stortinq o new project construction
or equipment , focilities reloteJ to woter, incluJinq construction of new
byJroelectric plonts , 1-2 montb
! Controct of sole witb tbe compony Jeolinq witb Jistribution onJ supply of
electricity , 1S-S0 Joys
! Priority proJuction quolificotion for electricity proJuction copocity , 1S-S0 Joys
! Subscriptions 0PFF {SC 0PC0H SA) - to sell F-RFS in tbe morket for tbe next Joy
{BAH) , 1S-S0 Joys
! Subscriptions TS0 {Tronselectrico SA) - to obtoin qreen certificotes {vC) , 1S-S0
Joys
! Subscriptions 0PCv {SC 0PC0H SA) - to porticipote in tbe centrolizeJ morket Cv ,
1-2 montb





91
M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
! Tbere were no Jiscussions reqorJinq tbe cbonqe of support scbeme {monJotory
quotos combineJ witb troJoble qreen certificotes). Since tbe beqinninq of yeor
2011 tbere were only cbonqes in tbe number of 6C for 1 HWb of proJuceJ enerqy
{see point S).
! Tbe RFS Birective pusb forworJ tbe SEP Jevelopment. Tbe WIB impose tbe
environmentol flow - wbicb coulJ be seen os o loss in enerqy proJuceJ, Jefine woter
boJy stotuses onJ protecteJ oreos, wbicb completely block tbe SEP Jevelopment.
Tbe bormonizotion of tbe two Birectives remoins one of most importont qools of
our qovernment.
! Ior new projects, tbe Jeveloper must bove on FlA in orJer to obtoin tbe
environmentol permit wbere ore stipuloteJ oll tbe JemonJs to be fulfilleJ by tbe
SEP Jeveloper in orJer tbot tbe plont respects tbe environment.
! Tbere were importont Jevelopments ofter tbe put into force of tbe RFS Birective
onJ tbe prospect is tbot in 2020 tbe number of SEP will Jouble. Tbe prevision is
tbot Romonio will fulfil tbe torqet.
! 0nfortunotely meJio is presentinq SEPs os bovinq o neqotive impoct on tbe
environment onJ os people ore very sensitive on meJio tbe public support onJ
sociol occeptonce for SEP Jevelopment is very low.

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
! Cooperotion omonq tbe Hinistry of Fnvironment onJ Hinistry of Fconomy,
Commerce onJ Business Fnvironment, respectively Romonion Woter Notionol
AJministrotion onJ EiJroelectrico, wben issuinq new lows, Becisions, requlotions
onJ for tbe re-evoluotion of tbe SEP potentiol for oll rivers.
! Ior every new low or 6B very cleor requlotions of opplicotion onJ immeJiotely
ofter tbe low or 6B is issueJ.
! Creotion of o "0ne stop sbop" for SEP investors.

92
1I5M2-<2

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI 67 70 80 140
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I 2S0 267 S0S 44S
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 201 20S 279 S80
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib S97 S80 S44 204
* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 1SS
E2'!(52%*) n,o
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I n,o
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI S,S00,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I n,o
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I n,o
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI n,o

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
Not ovoiloble informotion.

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
0suolly tbe SSS volue is opplieJ. Eowever, in tbe lost sections of tbe wotercourses it moy
be os low os 1,2 Qmin montb or even 1,2 S64.


-3''(#) 684%2%
Tbe byJropower plont owners enjoy oJJitionol poyment for supplieJ electricity
witbin tbe perioJ of 1S yeors from puttinq tbe focility into operotion or from tbe yeor of
reconstruction or upqroJe of o tecbnoloqicol port of tbe focility. Tbe enerqy price resultinq
9S
from oJJitionol poyment is colculoteJ os o percentoqe of tbe bose price onnounceJ by tbe
Requlotory 0ffice of Network lnJustries {0RS0). Tbe typicol volue of tbe bose price is 6 to
11 ct,kWb JepenJinq on plont copocity. 0RS0 estoblisbes tbe price inJiviJuolly for eocb
focility bosinq on tbe submitteJ proposol onJ tokinq into occount vorious foctors,
incluJinq time bovinq posseJ since {re) commissioninq onJ investment ossistonce bovinq
been qronteJ. Tbe pricinq Jecisions ore publisbeJ ot tbe 0RS0 website. Tbe support is
qronteJ in full volue in cose of power plonts witb copocity up to 10 HW. ln cose of power
plonts witb biqber copocities tbe oJJitionol poyment is qronteJ for electricity proJuction
from tbe 10 HW. Tbe moximum omount of enerqy eliqible for oJJitionol poyment is
estoblisbeJ in tbe obove mentioneJ pricinq Jecision. Flectricity proJucer entitleJ to tbe
support is obliqeJ to:

o. Submit to tbe reqionol Jistribution system operotor o certificote of oriqin of
electricity proJuceJ;
b. Notify tbe locol system operotor of tbe expecteJ supply cborocteristics tbe totol
instolleJ copocity of tbe focility exceeJs 1 HW.
c. Notify tbe 0RS0 onJ tbe reqionol Jistribution system operotor of cloiminq tbe
support os well os of tbe expecteJ omount of supplieJ electricity in tbe followinq
yeor.

Till tbe enJ of 2008 investment support wos ovoiloble from tbe 0perotionol Proqromme
"Competitiveness onJ Fconomic 6rowtb". No informotion of support bovinq been qronteJ
since tben coulJ be founJ ot tbe relevont websites.

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%6

/!"*) %#%8)+(*
Tbe permit for erection is issueJ by tbe woter monoqement outbority. Fssentiolly,
tbere ore two kinJs of plonninq Jocuments neeJeJ:

! Bocuments requireJ for tbe spotiol plonninq Jecision
! Besiqn Jocumentotion requireJ for tbe erection permit

Tbe spotiol plonninq Jecision is issueJ by tbe locol oJministrotion. SEP projects witb
copocity over S HW, Joms witb levellinq beiqbt of over S m os well os reservoirs of
sufficiently biqb volume copocity or free surfoce oreo moy be subject of FlA or oscertoininq
proceJure. ln cose of erectinq of on SEP witbout cbonqes in tbe civil enqineerinq
structures o woter outbority consent is sufficient. ln cose of instolleJ copocity exceeJinq 1
HW o Jeclorotion of project compotibility witb tbe lonq term enerqy policy concept is
requireJ.

<(**%8)+(* )( )4% $#+0
Tbe qriJ operotor is obliqeJ to connect on SEP to tbe qriJ on o priority conJitions
bosinq on tbe plont owner opplicotion. Tbe plont owner poys ~ 40% costs of tbe
connection.

/!"*) ('%#")+(*
Tbe Slovok Fnerqy low consiJers electricity proJuction on economic octivity in tbe
electricol power inJustry only in cose tbe electricity is supplieJ to tbe notionol qriJ. ln cose
94
of instolleJ copocity below 1 HW no permit for sucb on octivity is requireJ. Eowever, in
tbe lotter cose tbe plont operotor is requireJ to Jeclore commencinq bis octivity witbin o
S0 Joys perioJ. Tbe 0RS0 confirms fulfilment of tbis Juty witb o Jocument voliJ os on
operotion permit. Tbe Slovok low specifies tbe tecbnicol quolificotion certificotes onJ
otber Jocuments requireJ wben opplyinq for on operotion permit. 0fficiol commissioninq
is neeJeJ in orJer to put tbe plont into operotion.

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
Tbe SEP sector in tbis country is relotively weok os comporeJ witb tbot of tbe lorqe
byJro - JominoteJ by tbe Slovenske Flektrorne, tbe moin electricity supplier, controlleJ by
tbe FNFl 6roup. Tbere is olso no representotion of tbe SEP sector in Slovokio oltbouqb
some efforts to estoblisb o notionol ossociotion bove been reporteJ by tbe EyJropower
Associotion of tbe Czecb Republic. So for, tbere bos been olso no sufficient support from tbe
stote os o mojor effort {S0% of RFS support) wos JirecteJ on solor power plonts, wbicb
bos resulteJ in on unpreceJenteJ boom of tbis tecbnoloqy {480 HW in pbotovoltoic plonts)
onJ o noticeoble rise of tbe electricity prices. Tbis wiJely criticiseJ policy bos been olreoJy
obonJoneJ by tbe new qovernment onJ better times for smoll byJro ore quite reolistic.
Tbe stroteqy for biqber use of renewoble enerqy sources in tbe Slovok Republic,
Hinistry of Fconomy of tbe Slovok Republic, April 4tb, 2007. Tbe stroteqy of enerqy
security of tbe Slovok Republic {Resolution No. 7S2,2008 of tbe 6overnment of Slovok
Republic). Act of 19 }une 2009 on tbe Promotion of Renewoble Fnerqy Sources onJ Eiqb-
efficiency Coqenerotion onJ on omenJments to certoin octs, Coll. Acts of low, S09,2009.
Notionol Action Plon on Renewoble Fnerqy Sources {tbe Slovok Republic), {Resolution No.
677,2010 of tbe 6overnment of Slovok Republic ). Tbe concept of utilisinq tbe byJropower
potentiol of woter courses of tbe Slovok Republic till 20S0. {Resolution No. 178,2011 of
tbe 6overnment of Slovok Republic). Tbe siqnificonce of tbe lost Jocument is to be
empbosiseJ os it represents o JetoileJ inventory of oll existinq onJ plonneJ plonts witb
tbeir moin porometers onJ ossessment of environmentol constroints incluJeJ.
Tbe Slovok 6overnment is stronqly committeJ to reocb tbe 2020 torqet usinq tbe
byJropower sector os o siqnificont component of tbe renewoble enerqy mix. Tbis
commitment con be cleorly seen in tbe byJropower Jevelopment moster plon - o biqbly
competent onJ comprebensive Jocument JevelopeJ by tbe Reseorcb lnstitute of Woter
Honoqement onJ recently oJopteJ by tbe Slovok 6overnment {Resolution No. 178,2011)
os o notionol policy stroteqic oct. lt con be seen from tbis onJ otber officiol Jocuments tbot
tbe plons for furtber lorqe byJro Jevelopment on Bonube onJ vob ore consequently
supporteJ onJ smoll byJro is ever more welcome. ln tbis context it is wortbwbile to notice
tbot tbe qovernment plons qo for beyonJ tbe list of projects currently consiJereJ
environmentolly feosible.
Tbere bos been risinq opposition oqoinst furtber Jevelopment of coscoJes ot some
rivers to be observeJ over post yeors. Eowever, ofter recoqnisinq biqb costs of solor plonts
onJ limiteJ winJ power potentiol, Slovokio bos not too mony olternotives ovoiloble.


N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
Tbere ore cleor cbonces for furtber Jevelopment of byJropower in Slovokio.
Eowever, tbe investment support qronteJ so for to SEPs for con be borJly consiJereJ
sotisfoctory.
Fosinq environmentol proceJures onJ resiqninq of tbe woter use fee moy be
recommenJeJ.
9S
1I5M.;<2

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI 10S 111 117 192
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I S8S 462 46S 7S8
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 44S 4S6 SSS S68
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib SS0 4S0 447 1S4
* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 27
E2'!(52%*) 2,S2S
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I 2S
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI 1,800,000 - 2,S00,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 1.S - S
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 60
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.08 - 0.1S

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
S - 10 yeors.

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
6overnments Becree {No. 97,2009, S0.11.2009. Tbe res is colculoteJ by formulo:

res = f * HN, wbere f is tbe foctor, JefineJ by tbe ecoloqicol type of tbe wotercourse:
! Reversible use or not
! lenqtb of tbe stretcb from tbe intoke to outlet
! Amount of woter token
! 6roup of ecoloqicol type of tbe wotercourses
! Rotio between tbe H onJ HN

96
HN is tbe onnuol meon low flow, H is tbe onnuol meon flow. Tbe volues, colculoteJ
by tbe formulo moy be cbonqeJ Jue to tbe fisbery,onqlers requlotions or JemonJs. Tbe
res must be monitoreJ {ossureJ tbot its not useJ wben noturol flow is lower tbon res)
onJ reporteJ.
Ioctor "f" vories from 0.7 - 1.9, JepenJinq on tbe obove criterio.

-3''(#) 684%2%
6overnments Becree {No. S7,2009, 18.S.2009). Tbe scbeme is o IlT witb premium.
Tbe metboJoloqy for price colculotion is boseJ on totol onnuol operotionol proJuction
costs. Tbot incluJes tbe investment, operotionol onJ mointenonce costs.

Porometers:
! Bepreciotion perioJ: 1S yeors
! Biscount rote: 12%

Tbe SEPs ore JiviJeJ in S coteqories qiven tbeir instolleJ copocity: Pi < S0 kW, Pi <
1,000 kW onJ Pi < 10,000 kW.

Tbe quoronteeJ purcbose prices ore {in t,HWb):
! 10S {< S0 kW)
! 9S {< 1,000 kW)
! 82 {< 10,000 kW)

Tbe premium wos in 2009 JetermineJ by tbe reference morket price 6S t,HWb, os:
! SS.9 {< S0 kW)
! SS.9 {< 1,000 kW)
! S8.S {< 10,000 kW)

Tbe premium is olreoJy compriseJ witbin tbe quoronteeJ purcbose price. 0nly tbe
SEP, younqer tbon 1S yeors ore eliqible for tbe support.

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%
?+#6) 6)%'6 +* 0%8+0+*$ (* )4% 8(*6)#38)+(*
o. Plonninq informotion {lokocijsko informocijo)
b. lnformotion on tbe qriJ connection possibility {priJobitev mnenjo o monosti
vkljuitve v omreje)
c. Anolysis of tbe suitobility of tbe locotion {onolizo primernosti lokocije)
J. Conceptuol Jesiqn, preliminory Jesiqn onJ feosibility stuJy {iJejno zosnovo, iJejni
projekt in tuJijo izveJljivosti)
e. Becision to builJ {oJloitev o qroJnji)

T7)"+*+*$ '%#2+)6
o. Fnerqy permission; only for SEP ~ 1 HW {enerqetsko Jovoljenje zo noprove noJ 1
HW)
b. Specific permissions {specifino Jovoljenjo)
! Woter concession for tbe electricity proJuction {koncesijo zo enerqetsko izrobo
voJotoko zo robo voJe zo proizvoJnjo elektrine enerqije - le zo
biJroelektrorno, ki bo prikljueno no jovno elektroJistribucijsko omreje)
97
! Woter permit - for EPP wbicb is not Jirectly connecteJ to public electricity qriJ
{voJno Jovoljenje - zo biJroelektrorno, ki ne bo neposreJno prikljueno no
jovno elektrino omreje)
! Woter consent {voJno soqlosje)
! Fnvironmentol impoct ossessment {presojo vplivov no okolje)
! Fnvironmentol consent {okoljevorstveno soqlosje)
! Concession controct {koncesijsko poqoJbo)
c. 0btoininq project,Jesiqn conJitions {priJobivonje projektnib poqojev)
J. Consent to connect tbe EPP to tbe electricity qriJ {soqlosje zo prikljuitev
proizvoJne noprove no elektroJistribucijsko omreje)
e. Permit for tbe construction Jesiqn {projekt zo qroJbeno Jovoljenje)
f. Construction permit {qroJbeno Jovoljenje)
q. Proof of tbe lonJ riqbts {Jokozilo o rozpoloqonju z zemljiem)

<(*6)#38)+(* /#(8%66 G'(6)('%9 +h$#"0*d% '#(+h1(0*% *"'#"1%I
o. Bocuments for tenJerinq onJ selection of controctors {Jokumentocijo zo rozpis in
izbiro izvojolco)
b. Professionol troininq for tbe operotion of enerqy focilities {strokovno usposobljonje
zo uprovljonje enerqetskib noprov)
c. 6riJ connection controct {sklenitev poqoJbe o prikljuitvi no omreje)
J. lmplementotion Jesiqn {projekt zo izveJbo)
e. Construction of power plont {qroJnjo elektrorne)
f. Construction of tbe qriJ connection {izqroJnjo prikljuko)
q. Besiqn of implementeJ works onJ 0perotion instructions {projekt izveJbenib Jel in
obrotovolno novoJilo)
b. Controct for tbe electricity purcbose onJ sole {poqoJbo o nokupu in proJoji
elektrine enerqije)
i. Applicotion onJ review tbe terms for qriJ connection {vloqo in preqleJ izpolnitve
poqojev zo prikljuitev)
j. Controct on occess to tbe electricity qriJ {sklenitev poqoJbe o Jostopu Jo
elektroenerqetskeqo omrejo)
k. Tecbnicol inspection {tebnini preqleJ)
l. 0perotinq Permit {uporobno Jovoljenje)
m. Connection to tbe electricity qriJ {prikljuitev no elektroenerqetskeqo omrejo)

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
After 2008-2009 wben tbe new support scbeme wos introJuceJ tbere wos no sucb
Jiscussion. Tbe complete lock of officiol onJ relioble Joto prevents ony serious onolysis of
tbe remoininq potentiol. Tbe only reference to tbe Jevelopment of tbe RFS sector onJ tbus
to tbe removol of borriers is written in tbe RFS Action Plon {2010). 0p to 2012 tbere were
no cbonqes in tbe support scbeme leqislotion, oport from tbe onnuol Jeclorotion of tbe
expecteJ morket price for tbe next yeor wbicb is o bosis for tbe colculotion of tbe
premiums.
Tbe RFS Birective is olreoJy fully implementeJ in Slovenion enerqy leqislotion witb tbe
new Fnerqy Act {S0.9.1999), its seconJory leqislotion onJ tbe RFS Action Plon {}uly 2010).
Witb its binJinq torqets bos o positive impoct on tbe RFS Jevelopment. Tbe WIB is only
portiolly implementeJ witb tbe requlotion on tbe EHWB still missinq. Eowever, in cose of
SEP, it is obviously unJerstooJ os o protective leqislotion wbicb meons tbot tbe
outborisotion proceJures, especiolly for tbe concession, ore blockeJ. Tbe lock of tbe
98
6overnments cleor policy onJ bormonisotion efforts to brinq tbe two seeminqly opposite
interests closer toqetber is tbe core couse for yeors-lostinq blockoqe of tbe SEP
Jevelopment.
Tbe Slovenion RFS torqet for 2020 is 2S%. Tbere is o qenerol unJerstonJinq of tbe
neeJ of RFS, onJ tbot oll tbe potentiol neeJs to be useJ in orJer to reocb tbe torqets by
Jomestic enerqy proJuction. Eowever, ot tbe some time o biq cool-fireJ TPP project is
unJerwoy onJ most probobly tbe new nucleor power plont will be built os well. Tbe lorqe
byJropower projects ore Jevelopinq steoJily, witb lorqe opposition from tbe locol
environmentol N60s. lt is to be expecteJ tbot oll tbose projects will be JevelopeJ, oltbouqb
not witbin tbe projecteJ time-plon. Tbe NRFAP {}uly 2010) incluJes tbe followinq
informotion:

! Tbe Hinistry of tbe environment onJ spotiol plonninq will ensure tbe solvinq of tbe
blockeJ SEP concession opplicotions,
! Tbe Hinistry of tbe economy will proviJe tbe stuJy of tbe costs onJ benefits of tbe
existinq SEP tbot will serve os o bosis for tbe sustoinoble criterio, consiJerinq
environmentol, sociol onJ economic effects. Tbe Action Plon's estimotion of tbe SEP
contribution sbows very low increose of instolleJ copocity onJ onnuol qenerotion
from 200S to 2020 - 22% onJ SS% respectively.

**lssues reqorJinq environmentol impoct onJ mitiqotion meosures

Tbe 6overnment Becree of RBHP for Bonube onJ AJriotic see {29.7.2011, 0fficiol
}ournol 61,2011) probibits tbe use of woter for electricity proJuction if tbe HN ot tbe
intoke is less tbon 0,02 mS,s onJ H is less tbon 0,8 mS,s. At tbe some time, tbe cotcbment
oreo bos to be biqqer tbon 10 km2. Sucb restriction is blockinq not only tbe new SEP, but
olso tbe ones unJer refurbisbment - nomely, tbey neeJ to qet tbe new permits in orJer to
connect to tbe qriJ onJ sell electricity oqoin.
Tbe qenerol otmospbere is quite tense reqorJinq oll renewoble investments tbot
ore potentiolly cousinq ony environmentol impoct. Tbere is o public support toworJs tbe
RFS onJ lowerinq tbe 6E6 emissions, but wben it comes to tbe porticulor projects tbe locol
community stonJs oqoinst it, even by principle onJ witbout woitinq for onJ onolysinq tbe
stuJies, ossessments etc. Tberefore, we coulJ orque tbot tbe sociol occeptonce is rotber low
wbicb is Jue to tbe complicoteJ oJministrotive proceJures, lock of knowleJqe onJ
comprebensive informotion, os well os missinq responsibilities of tbe investments
opponents.













99
N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
A)
! Tbe outborisotion proceJure must be simplifieJ, sborteneJ onJ occeleroteJ.
! Some of tbe outborisotion proceJures coulJ be tronsferreJ to tbe locol outborities
{e.q. for micro SEP unJer 100 kW).
! Tbe outborities sboulJ Jo tbe preliminory work witb iJentifyinq potentiol locotions
onJ perform oll necessory leqol onJ tecbnicol octions witb tbese sites in orJer to
ollow one-stop-sbop type of proceJure.
! StonJorJise tbe opplicotion forms onJ moke possible tbe electronic opplicotions
onJ proceJure follow-up, olso to ensure tronsporency.
! StonJorJise tbe qriJ occess.

B)
! Compore tbe environmentol JemonJs witb tbe positive impocts {enerqy, socio-
Jemoqropbic, locol, employment, economy, environment...) of SEP. Tben set tbe rule
of usinq moximum of tbe ovoiloble enerqy potentiol, limiteJ by tbe minimum
environmentol requirements.
! No "qo-no qo" principle sboulJ be introJuceJ in tbe plonninq opproocb ot tbe
ministry or qovernment level.
! Eormonize tbe implementotion of tbe WIB on tbe HS level witb tbe RFS-Birective
Jeclorotions onJ Action Plons. No blockoqe Jue to tbe missinq leqislotion sboulJ be
olloweJ.
C)
! Becreose tbe investment insecurity by stobilizinq tbe prices witbin tbe support
system on o lonq-term, limit tbe Jurotion of tbe oJministrotive proceJure
! Fmploy tbe finonciol responsibility for tbe opponents of tbe investments wbo ore
opposinq tbem witbout soliJ qrounJs {like in tbe construction leqislotion).
! lncreose tbe bonkinq support onJ increose tbe trust omonq tbe bonks onJ
investors.
! lntroJuce tbe temporory excuse on toxes onJ otber Juties.

100
1A2<;

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI 1,788 1,8S7 1,926 2,18S
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I 4,6S4 2,809 4,719 6,280
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 900 9S7 1,047 1,100
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib S,21S S,040 4,7S7 1,S69
* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 S84
E2'!(52%*) 1,48S
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I S71
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI 1,2S0,000 - 2,200,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 1.8 - 4
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I S0-70
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.07S - 0.11

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

2U%D"S% XOD"+B'* '( "O+?'DB,"+B'* WD'C%XOD%
6 - 10 yeors.

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
Tbere is no requlotion publisbeJ concerninq tbe resiJuol flow. A recommenJotion
coulJ be moJe in tbe sense tbot tbis flow sboulJ be vorioble Jurinq tbe yeor, to enoble o
better oJjustment to tbe Jifferences on tbe noturol byJroloqicol reqime onJ to tbe
spowninq seosons.





101
-3''(#) 684%2%
Tbere ore two Jifferent support options {followinq tbe current promotion scbeme
os estoblisbeJ tbrouqb tbe Royol Becree 661,2007): o) feeJ-in toriff {IiT), b) morket
premium witb o cop onJ o floor, on tbe sum of morket price premium.
Ior SEP witb P<10 HW tbe IlT for tbe yeor 2012 is 8.6S6Sct,kWb for tbe first 2S yeors of
operotion onJ 7.7909 ct,kWb tbereofter. Ior tbe premium option in 2012 tbe reference
premium is 2.779S ct,kWb for tbe first 2S yeors, onJ 1.4920ct,kWb tbereofter. ln 2012
tbe cop for tbe premium - inJepenJent from tbe plonts operotionol lifetime - is 9.4SS7
ct,kWb onJ tbe floor is 7.2S60 ct,kWb.
Ior SEP witb 10 HW < P < S0 HW {wbicb ore still occounteJ os SEP in notionol stotistics)
tbe IiT in 2012 for tbe first 2S yeors is colculoteJ by tbe formulo 6.61.2 x {S0-P),40 x
1.12S ct,kWb, wbere P is tbe instolleJ copocity. Ior tbe followinq yeors tbe toriff is qiven
by S.941.080 x {S0-P),40 x 1.12S ct,kWb. Ior tbe premium option in 2012 tbe
reference premium is 2.22SS ct,kWb for tbe first 2S yeors, onJ 1.4920ct,kWb tbereofter.
Tbe cop in 2012 for tbese kinJ of power plonts - inJepenJent from tbe plonts operotionol
lifetime - is 8.878S ct,kWb onJ tbe floor is 6.7921 ct,kWb.
Ior oll existinq onJ newly instolleJ SEP, tbe toriffs, premiums onJ furtber complements
ore octuolizeJ onnuolly followinq tbe inflotion inJex lPC minus 0.2S% until 2012
{inclusive) respectively -0.S0% from 201S onworJs.
0n tbe 27tb of }onuory 2012, tbe Sponisb Council of Hinisters opproveJ o Royol Becree-
low "tempororily" suspenJinq tbe IiT pre-ollocotion proceJures onJ removinq economic
incentives for new power qenerotion copocity involvinq coqenerotion onJ renewoble
enerqy sources {RFS-F).

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%6
New RFS-F power plonts must first inscribe tbeir projects witbin tbe pre-ollocotion
reqister {PAR) onJ to Jo so it is necessory to bove {i) permits for qriJ occess onJ
connection for tbe totol copocity to be instolleJ, {ii) tbe oJministrotive outborizotion for
tbe RFS-F plont {not necessory for power plonts up to 100 kW of copocity), {iii) tbe
builJinq license to be issueJ by tbe corresponJinq locol oJministrotion, {iv) o purcbose
oqreement between tbe Jeveloper of tbe focility onJ tbe monufocturer or supplier of
equipment for on omount equivolent to ot leost S0% of tbe equipment costs onJ {v) o
proof of Jisposinq of own economic resources or sufficient funJinq to unJertoke ot leost
S0% of tbe investment of tbe focility, incluJinq tbe evocuotion line onJ connection to tbe
tronsmission or Jistribution qriJ.

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
ln 1981, o first Royol Becree wos opproveJ estoblisbinq fixeJ toriffs for SEP onJ
tbereby povinq tbe woy for tbe Speciol reqime for electricity proJuction boseJ on
renewoble enerqies, introJuceJ in tbe miJ-1990s in Spoin. BesiJes, tbe Jevelopment of SEP
loiJ tbe qrounJ for tbe involvement of tbe bonkinq sector reqorJinq finoncinq renewobles
in Spoin.
Tbe instolleJ copocity on SEP by tbe enJ of 2010 reocbeJ 1,926 HW. Eowever, its
overoqe qrowtb over tbe lost 10 yeors borely reocbeJ 2.1% onnuolly, wbicb tronslotes into
o copocity increose of S6 HW per yeor, in overoqe, Jue to o series of borriers tbot bos been
virtuolly porolyzeJ tbe sector. Tbus it is not surprisinq tbot tbe qool of tbe previous
Renewoble Fnerqies Plon {PFR) 200S-2010 for SEP plonts unJer 10 HW of 2,199 HW of
totol instolleJ copocity in 2010 bos cleorly foileJ.
102
ln Spoin it is requireJ six yeors in overoqe to obtoin tbe permits for construction
onJ operotion, onJ tbere ore numerous requests for byJropower concessions penJinq for
lonqer time, even reocbinq 20 yeors, resultinq moinly from tbe lock of coorJinotion
between tbe Jifferent outborities responsible for tbe permit proceJures. Iurtbermore,
tbere ore on increosinq number of oJministrotive onJ economic borriers for SEP tbrouqb
new preconJitions for porticipotinq in tbe electricity morket, sucb os tbe monoqement of
Jeviotions, rules reqorJinq tbe riJe tbrouqb of voltoqe Jips onJ new flow meosurement
systems. Also, tbere is on increose of existinq toxes, os builJinq permits to introJuce tbe
electromecbonicol elements of tbe SEP, os well os new toxes onJ fees for tbe existence of
reservoirs onJ loter o quolifieJ {reol) property tox {lBl), royolties, lonJ volue toxes.
likewise tbere is o qrowinq Jifficulty to obtoin tbe necessory construction sites os tbe lonJ
owners ore JemonJinq biqber compensotions to moke tbem ovoiloble. lt is importont to
olso stote tbe Jifficulty felt to obtoin qriJ connection for offorJoble prices onJ tbot tbere
bove been problems witb tbe expirotion of concessions of existinq plonts witb no solution
on tbe borizon.
0tber importont oJministrotive onJ economic burJle is tbe pre-ollocotion reqister,
wbere oll renewoble electricity proJuction units must be incluJeJ before beinq olloweJ to
join tbe Speciol reqime onJ tbot estoblisbeJ o vost number of preconJitions os JescribeJ
obove {cf. Power qrontinq scbemes).
ln tbe lost montbs, o very stronq borrier bos been roisinq - tbe requlotory risk,
reloteJ to tbe lotest leqislotive cbonqes in tbe remunerotion rules of tbe Speciol reqime,
wbicb incluJes even retrooctive meosures. All tbe uncertointy is leoJinq to o qreoter
Jifficulty on ocbievinq finonciol support for new projects. Altbouqb tbe so colleJ
"morotorium" for new RFS-F power plonts oJopteJ ot tbe enJ of }onuory 2012 Joes not
offect focilities olreoJy in operotion, or tbose olreoJy incluJeJ in tbe pre-ollocotion
reqisters, in tbe cose of SEP, tbere bove been severol projects witb investments olreoJy
moJe to enter tbe IiT pre-ollocotion reqisters onJ wbicb now see tbeir investments moJe
bove lost tbeir volue from one Joy to tbe otber.
lt olso importont to stote tbot in mony coses, tbe environmentol requirements for SEP ore
too restrictive onJ Jo not opply criterio tbot consiJers its benefits; on incoberent
implementotion of tbe Woter Iromework Birective {WIB) bos olso become o stronq
impeJiment for tbe SEP sector, by ossuminq byJropower os o menoce for tbe woter boJies
onJ tbeir ecoloqicol stotus, onJ by imposinq restrictive oJministrotive onJ environmentol
requirements, tbot leoJ to o Jecreosinq number of bours of proJuction onJ tberefore to o
lower profitobility. Tbis con be Jromotic, especiolly tokinq into occount tbot tbe current
toriff level is quite low, porticulorly for rebobilitotion, onJ tbot tbere is olso o lock of
knowleJqe obout tbe woter resources ovoiloble; nevertbeless, o Jiminisbinq of tbe woter
ovoilobility bos been reqistereJ moinly offectinq run-of-river SEP, resultinq in o Jecreose
in equivolent operotinq bours.

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
Witb tbe new morotorium in ploce, especiolly if it become effective for o lonqer
perioJ onJ bovinq in minJ tbe lonq leoJ times of new SEP focilities in Spoin it is more tbon
likely tbot tbe new notionol SEP torqet for 2020 {botb in tbe Sponisb NRFAP os in tbe new
PFR 2011-2020) of 2.18S HW by 2020 wont be fulfilleJ. Tbe new SEP torqet will leoJ in
foct to o Jecreose concerninq tbe sbore of instolleJ SEP copocity in tbe RFS power mix
from 4.9% in 2010 to S.4% by 2020 respectively from S.S% in 2010 to 4.S% in 2020
reqorJinq RFS electricity qenerotion.
10S
ln ony cose, even to fulfil tbese {very) moJest SEP torqets for 2020, besiJes mointoininq o
stoble onJ foreseeoble support scbeme for SEP witbin tbe Speciol reqime, it will be
necessory to estoblisb meosures os tbe followinq:

B%; #3!%6 ,(# "02+*+6)#")+1% '#(8%03#%6 "*0 8(*8%66+(*6
Streomlininq of current proceJures for woter plonninq in tbe river sections wbere
byJropower plonts con be implementeJ unJer certoin conJitions, sucb os resiJuol flows.
- Fstoblisb o new unifieJ oJministrotive proceJure for woter concessions, or
moJificotion of tbe existinq ones, opplicoble for byJropower plonts up to S0 HW.
Promotion of tenJers in existinq public infrostructures, witb new rules for tbe
renovotion of concessions onJ tbe possibility of moJificotion of concessions olreoJy
qronteJ.
Fstoblisbment of tbe possibility of moJificotion of woter concessions qronteJ for
electricity qenerotion by tbe responsible outbority, witbout bovinq to beqin tbe process of
competition in tbose coses wbere tbe moJificotion Joes not couse on increose or Jecreose
of tbe moximum flow nor of tbe copocity instolleJ qreoter tbon S0% of tbe oriqinolly
omounts qronteJ onJ consistent witb tbe River Bosin Honoqement Plon in force.

B%; ,#"2%;(#96L+*8%*)+1%6 ,(# *%; )5'%6 (, '!"*)6 "*0 ,(# #%4"7+!+)")+(*:
2(0%#*+h")+(* "*0 #%'!"8%2%*) (, ,"8+!+)+%6
Bevelop o requlotory fromework to promote tbe Jevelopment of new reversible
byJropower plonts or exponJinq existinq ones, tokinq oJvontoqe of existinq
infrostructure, consistent witb current woter plonninq onJ preservinq tbe environmentol
volues.
lncentivize tbe rebobilitotion, moJernizotion onJ,or replocement of existinq SEP.

B%; ,%"6+7+!+)5 6)30+%6
Promote tbe rise of tbe ovoiloble byJropower potentiol in tbe territory of tbe
EyJroqropbic ConfeJerotions by conJuctinq specific stuJies to onolyse tbe tecbnicol,
economic onJ environmentol feosibility of up to 41 stote-owneJ Joms to be useJ os
byJropower plonts onJ Jroftinq of tbe specificotions tbot will serve os o bosis to prepore
tenJers for tbose wbo finolly will be clossifieJ os vioble.


104
17.8.;

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6


1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI 1,07S 1,09S 1,194 1,2S0
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I 4,464 4,S47 4,S71 S,S00
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 1,860 1,882 1,901 1,960
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib 2,S40 2,4S0 2,4S0 1,S00

* 0nly economic potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 S80
E2'!(52%*) S20
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I 120
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI S,120,000 - S,S00,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I S%
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I S0%
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.02S - 0.08

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
2 - 7 yeors, witb on overoqe of obout S yeors.

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
Not requloteJ in low in qenerol. But for existinq plonts o triol moy be moJe wbicb
mostly leoJ to JemonJs on resiJuol flow S - 20 % witbout ony compensotion to tbe owner.

-3''(#) 684%2%
Tbe electricity certificote is o morket-boseJ support system for renewoble
electricity proJuction. Tbe system come into force on tbe 1
st
of Hoy 200S onJ is intenJeJ to
increose tbe proJuction of renewoble electricity onJ olso to moke tbe proJuction more
cost-efficient. Tbe objective of tbe SweJisb electricity certificote system is to increose tbe
10S
proJuction of renewoble electricity witb 2S TWb by tbe yeor 2020 comporeJ to tbe yeor
2002.
Irom }onuory 1
st
2012, SweJen onJ Norwoy bove o common electricity certificote
morket. 0ver tbe perioJ until 2020, tbe two countries oim to increose tbeir proJuction of
electricity from renewoble enerqy sources by 26.4 TWb. Tbe joint morket will permit
troJinq in botb SweJisb onJ Norweqion certificotes, onJ receive certificotes for renewoble
electricity proJuction in eitber country.

ProJucers entitleJ to certificotes ore in qenerol new renewoble onJ in Jetoil for byJro
power:

! "smoll-scole byJro power wbicb, ot tbe enJ of April 200S, boJ o moximum instolleJ
copocity of 1S00 kW per proJuction unit, {o mojority of tbe SEP in tbis qroup will
be token out from tbe system by tbe enJ of yeor 2012 if not refurbisbeJ to o
stonJorJ similor to o new plont onJ bove receiveJ tbe Fnerqy Aqencys occeptonce)
! new plonts,
! resumeJ operotion from plonts tbot boJ been closeJ,
! increoseJ proJuction copocity from existinq plonts,
! plonts tbot con no lonqer operote in on economicolly vioble monner Jue to
Jecisions by tbe outborities, or to extensive rebuilJinq.

Tbe Bill submitteJ by tbe 6overnment to Porlioment in tbe sprinq of 2011 proposes
tiqbteninq up tbe quolificotion requirements for byJro power."
0n top of tbe incomes from sellinq power to tbe morket proJucers of electricity in
opproveJ plonts ore ollocoteJ one certificote unit for eocb meqowott-bour {HWb) of
electricity for up to 1S yeors. Tbe price for certificotes bos so for vorieJ opproximotely
between 1.1 ct,kWb {}une 200S) onJ 4.0 ct,kWb {Auqust 2008).
0ltimotely it is tbe enJ users tbot bove to beor tbe cost for tbe certificotes. Since
some yeors it is tbe power troJers tbot bove to monoqe tbe quoto obliqotion for tbeir
customers. Tbe price for certificotes is set by tbe interoction between tbe supply onJ
JemonJ like ony otber morket. Tbe certificote system will run until tbe enJ of 20SS.

Source: SweJisb Fnerqy Aqency

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%6
To qet permission to builJ o byJroelectric power plont onJ to qenerote electricity
requires control of more tbon S0% of tbe current cose, on Fnvironmentol lmpoct
Assessment onJ tbe recommenJotion of tbe Fnvironment Court beorinq tbe cose.
Fnvironmentol lmpoct Assessment {FlA) is on importont Jocument tbot Jescribes
tbe overoll consequences of tbe construction of byJropower plonts onJ olso o leqol port.
Tbe Jocument proviJes overoll ossessment of Jirect onJ inJirect effects on bumons,
onimols, plonts, soil, woter, oir, climote, lonJscope, culturol beritoqe, conservotion of lonJ,
woter onJ otber resource monoqement of o byJroelectric power plont is built. Tbe FlA
olso incluJes consultotions, meetinqs witb inJiviJuols onJ orqonizotions. After completinq
tbe FlA onJ ottocbeJ to tbe permit opplicotion for woter octivities it is sent to tbe
Fnvironment Court for triol.
Tbe Fnvironment Court receives tbe opplicotion tbot in oJJition to FlA olso
contoins otber informotion sucb os Jrowinqs onJ tecbnicol Jescription. Tbe opplicotion is
sent to tbe county, onJ AJministrotive Services Aqency, tbe Hunicipolity, Fnvironmentol
106
Protection Aqency onJ tbe offecteJ porties for comment on tbe plonneJ octivities for
comments. Tbis is followeJ by o beorinq onJ usuolly two montbs loter o finol juJqment.
Tbe juJqment con tben be oppeoleJ to tbe Fnvironmentol Court.

Tbe costs of environmentol court's bonJlinq of o permit opplicotion is poiJ by tbe
opplicont onJ vories opproximotely between t1S0 to t10 000.
Review of tbe permit moy tben occur ofter 10 yeors. Tbe review ossesses tbe
benefits of o meosure comporeJ to its consistency. Tbis often leoJs to tbe woter plont's
owners forceJ to qive S to 20 per cent of tbe woter flow witbout compensotion.

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
Tbe situotion for SEP in SweJen is uncbonqeJ or bos JecreoseJ especiolly for
smoller SEP, less tbon 100 kW, Jurinq tbe lost yeors.
Support scbeme: Hony olJer SEP ore now pboseJ out of tbe SweJisb support
scbeme if not unJerqoinq lorqe refurbisbment. To be entitleJ for o new perioJ of 1S yeors
it is requireJ tbot tbe plonts must unJerqo totol refurbisbment of oll essentiol ports. As
tbis is very expensive onJ not economicolly vioble for smoller SEP, opproximotely less tbon
100 kW, tbese ore focinq on uncertoin future.
AJministrotion: Tbere ore no cbonqes expecteJ for permittinq, simplificotion of
oJministrotion proceJures, SEP role witb qriJ Jevelopment etc.
Tbe Renewoble Birective {2020-Jirective) bos not meont ony cbonqes for SEP in
SweJen. Tbe Woter Iromework {WIB) Birective now implonteJ in tbe SweJisb low in
conjunction witb otber octions meons qreoter JemonJs on byJropower. uestioneJ
experts of tbe byJropower inJustry in SweJen ore of tbe opinion tbot specific points from
WIB wben token in isolotion moy not eosily be proven. Eowever tbe cumulotive impoct of
oll tbe points wben consiJerinq toqetber Jo moke it likely tbot tbis interpretotion is
correct.. ln oJJition, on-qoinq work os tbe 6overnment's inquiry "Woter Activities" to be
reporteJ }une S0, 201S is expecteJ to leoJ to even more JemonJs. But tbere is olso onqoinq
work in orJer to creote Jioloque on renewoble enerqy onJ environmentol qools for woter
onJ woter monoqement. Tbe SweJisb Aqency for Horine onJ Woter Honoqement is
toqetber witb otber notionol outborities onJ mony N60s to brinq qreoter consensus on
woter power, toqetber witb representotives of Jifferent qroups. ln tbe work to be
presenteJ in 0ctober S1, 2012 porticipotes omonq otbers tbe SweJisb EyJropower
Associotion.
Bevelopment: from 2007 onworJs witb prospects in tbe view of 2020 new torqets
ore few. Not mony new plonts ore built but refurbisbment is beinq moJe incluJinq
upqroJinq especiolly for lorqer SEP. Ior smoller SEP witb biqber cost per proJuceJ kWb
tbe outcome for investment is more insecure onJ it con be ossumeJ tbot for tbem less
refurbisbment will be moJe.
6enerol otmospbere: from tbe public support for SEP Jevelopment & sociol
occeptonce is still biqb occorJinq to public institutions os tbe S0H institute in 6otbenburq.
But tbere ore olso ossociotions tbot ore questioninq byJropower onJ especiolly SEP. Some
owners of byJropower plonts experiencinq tbot politicions onJ especiolly outborities ore
not oskinq for o Jioloque. lf tbe on-qoinq Jioloq JescribeJ obove between Jifferent
ossociotions onJ opinions will cbonqe tbis is still to be seen

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
! Tbot no review of, or restriction on, tbe outborizotion or woter permits moy be
moJe witbout: Tbot it is Jone on o strictly foctuol bosis, Tbot full morket
107
compensotion poiJ to tbe owner of byJroelectric power plont, All costs for
investiqotions, etc. poiJ for by tbe person seekinq review , restriction.
! Becreose tbe borriers for Jevelopinq SEP by settinq up cleor rules onJ timefromes
in tbe licensinq process. Fspeciolly for SEP tempororily stoppeJ or for pounJs or
Joms tbot con be useJ for qenerotinq electricity if oJJinq turbine onJ otber
sufficient equipment.
! Cleor recommenJotions on bow to interpret tbe Renewoble Fnerqy Birective
2009,28,FC onJ tbe WIB tbot oppeors to be controJictory.

=;<!.8 -<;3850

A@ ^%5 ?+$3#%6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZZ[ FZZ^ FZ9Z FZFZ
O()"! +*6)"!!%0 8"'"8+)5 G=HI 1S8 181 2S0 SS0
K%*%#")+(* GKH4I 44S 60S 7S0 1,100
B327%# (, '(;%# '!"*)6 60 86 120 160
/()%*)+"! GKH4Ib 2,660 2,S00 2,SSS 2,uuS
* 0nly economicol potentiol {6Wb) witb environmentol constroints

C@ W*036)#5 "*0 ="#9%)6

1N"$$ ?EXD'W']%D FZ9Z
B327%# (, 8(2'"*+%6 226
E2'!(52%*) 4,S26
<+1+! ;(#96 G%6)+2")+(*I 200
S1%#"$% +*1%6)2%*) 8(6) GcL=HI 2,000,000 - 12,000,000
S1%#"$% Ta= 8(6) G"6 [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I 4.7%
S1%#"$% 8+1+! ;(#96 8(6) G"6 " [ (, )()"! +*1%6)2%*) 8(6)I SS%
S1%#"$% 8(6) '%# 9H4 '#(038%0 GcI 0.07

J@ _%$+6!")+(* "*0 W*8%*)+1% -84%2%6

S1%#"$% 03#")+(* (, "3)4(#+6")+(* '#(8%03#%
Ior o new smoll byJro project, tbe time token to obtoin environmentol consents,
plonninq permission onJ occreJitotion from tbe electricity requlotor {0fqem) vories from
108
1 to S yeors. Appeols oqoinst refusol of environmentol onJ plonninq permissions toke from
6 montbs to 1 yeor.

>%6+03"! ,!(; #%$3!")+(*
1) FnqlonJ onJ Woles: Tbe Fnvironment Aqencys "6ooJ Proctice 6uiJelines to tbe
EyJropower EonJbook" publisbeJ Auqust 2009 for low beoJ sites relote resiJuol flow
to "EonJs off flow" {E0I). A toble is proviJeJ to inJicote minimum E0Is for vorious
river types onJ lenqtbs of JepleteJ reocb. volues vory from 9S to 8S. Tbe quiJonce is
beinq revieweJ ot present {Sprinq 2012) onJ will incluJe biqb beoJ opplicotions.
2) ScotlonJ: Tbe Scottisb Fnvironmentol Protection Aqency {SFPA) publisbeJ "6uiJonce
for Appliconts on supportinq informotion requirements for byJropower opplicotions"
in Becember 2010. Tbe Jefoult resiJuol flow is 9S but eocb project must be revieweJ
inJiviJuolly.
S) Nortbern lrelonJ: Tbe Nortbern lrelonJ Fnvironment Aqency {NlFA) bos "6uiJonce for
Run-of-River byJropower scbemes in Nortbern lrelonJ" publisbeJ in }uly 2011. Tbe
Jefoult resiJuol flow is 9S but, unJer certoin coteqories of river onJ river protection,
tbis con increose to 80.

-3''(#) 684%2%
>%*%;"7!%6 T7!+$")+(* G>TI
Tbe R0 come into effect in 2002 in FnqlonJ, Woles onJ ScotlonJ onJ in 200S in
Nortbern lrelonJ. lt ploces on obliqotion on 0K electricity suppliers to source on
increosinq proportion of electricity tbey supply to customers from renewoble sources.
Renewobles 0bliqotion Certificotes {R0Cs) ore qreen certificotes issueJ to operotors of
occreJiteJ renewoble qenerotinq stotions for tbe renewoble electricity tbey qenerote.
R0Cs con tben troJe witb otber porties. Tbey ore useJ by suppliers to Jemonstrote tbot
tbey bove met tbeir obliqotion. R0Cs ore now ovoiloble over S0kW plont copocity except in
Nortbern lrelonJ. R0Cs ore Jue to be pboseJ-out in 2027. A recent review of tbe R0C
bonJinq system proposeJ tbot byJro sboulJ, from 2017, receive only bolf tbe R0C volue
per HWb tbon is enjoyeJ ot present. {See note in Sections 4 & S below)

?%%0Y+* O"#+,,6 G?+O6I
IiTs were introJuceJ to oll 0K oport from Nortbern lrelonJ in April 2010. IiTs ore
ovoiloble for RF projects up to S HW copocity. As o result of tbe 0K 6overnment spenJinq
review from lote 2010, tbe IiT system is beinq subjecteJ to on eorly review. Consultotions
on new proposols closeJ 26 April 2012 onJ implementotion is expecteJ obout 0ctober
2012. ProposeJ 201S toriffs for byJro ore:

! 0p to1Sk W - t0.261
! 1S to 100 kW- t0,24S
! 100 to 2,000 kW- t0.1S1
! 2,000 to S,000 kW- t0,S60 or t0,286 {see note in Sections 4 & S below)

/(;%# $#"*)+*$ 684%2%6
Fvery byJro project must bove tbree permissions before it con be built onJ
qenerote electricity:
1) Fnvironmentol licence. Tbis is normolly covereJ by seporote licences to obstroct,
impounJ onJ tronsfer woter wbicbever opply to tbe project. {colleJ o "CAR licence" in
ScotlonJ) licences ore qronteJ by tbe relevont reqionol environment oqency {see
109
"ResiJuol Ilow Requlotion) onJ con incluJe input from otber environmentol qroups
especiolly fisbinq interests.
2) Plonninq Permission. Tbis is permission to builJ tbe project incluJinq ony restrictions
on Jesiqn, construction onJ omenities wbicb ore relevont. Permission will olso incluJe
complionce witb tbe environmentol permits os JescribeJ obove. Plonninq permission is
oJministereJ by reqionol councils or Notionol Pork outborities. An oppeol system con be
followeJ if tbe Jeveloper feels tbot eitber tbe environmentol or plonninq permissions ore
unjust.
S) AccreJitotion to qenerote onJ export electricity. Tbis permit is proviJeJ tbrouqb 0fqem,
tbe 0K-wiJe electricity onJ qos requlotor. Permission will JepenJ on tbe qenerotors
tecbnicol obility to proJuce onJ Jeliver electricity. 0fqem tben oJministers poyment for
electricity proJuceJ vie R0Cs or IiTs.

M@ -322"#5 (, )4% <3##%*) -)")36 (, -2"!! .50#('(;%# Q%1%!('2%*)
-)")36 (, 450#('(;%# 0%1%!('2%*) +* )4% F^ "*0 +*8%*)+1% '#($#"22%6
Irom tbe 1960s to 2000 tbere boJ been very little new byJro Jevelopment in tbe
0K. 6enerotion from qos onJ tbe resultinq low electricity process onJ tbe monopoly of tbe
tbree qovernment-owneJ electricity utilities meont tbot tbe relotively expensive initiol
costs of byJro wos non-conJucive to top remoininq potentiol. ln tbe 1990s tbe reolisotion
tbot renewoble enerqy wos becominq more essentiol to offset tbe use of fossil fuels onJ tbe
increosinq Jesire for security of enerqy supplies couseJ tbe introJuction of tbe "Non-Iossil
Iuel 0bliqotion" {NII0). 6enerotors boJ to proviJe port of tbeir electricity from
renewoble sources. AnJ biqber tbon normol toriff incentives were introJuceJ. Tbis kick-
storteJ new byJro scbemes but ot o very slow poce onJ NII0 wos eventuolly JroppeJ onJ
consiJereJ o funJomentolly floweJ scbeme.
Since 2000 tbere bos been o mossive increose in tbe Jesire for new onJ refurbisbeJ
byJroelectric projects to be built. Tbis wos os o result of tbe introJuction of tbe
"Renewoble 0bliqotion" witb its ossocioteJ Renewoble 0bliqotion Certificotes {see obove).
Tbe meons by wbicb RF Jevelopers benefitteJ vio o qovernment-leoJ initiotive boseJ on
poyment vio tbe notions electricity bills wos seen os foir onJ resulteJ in o surqe to
qenerote RF power witb winJ beinq tbe biqqest onJ quickest tecbnoloqy to benefit onJ
Jevelop. EyJro Jevelopment olso qrew onJ new SEP scbemes onJ refurbisbment of olJ
plont up to 20 HW copocity sow immeJiote benefits. ln 2010 o IeeJ-in Toriff system wos
olso introJuceJ to incentivise tbe lower qenerotion oreo {up to SHW) onJ, in porticulor, to
inJiviJuols onJ communities to promote RF projects. Tbere wos oqoin o stronq upsurqe of
interest in byJropower Jevelopment. 0nfortunotely, o combinotion of economic recession
onJ tbe introJuction of on excessively biqb toriff for Pv Solor tbreoteneJ funJinq of tbe IiT
system onJ o review wos colleJ by tbe 6overnment in lote 2010. 0ncertointy followeJ onJ
projects put "on-bolJ" inJefinitely. EyJropower suffereJ most becouse bonks refuseJ to
lenJ money onJ, witb tbe very biqb initiol costs onJ lonq qestotion perioJs from project
initiotion to first qenerotion, Jevelopers woulJ be foolisb to embork on ony construction or
orJer ony qenerotinq equipment. ln }onuory 2012 tbe Beportment of Fnerqy onJ Climote
Cbonqe {BFCC) storteJ o consultotion into o reviseJ IiT system, tbe results of wbicb sboulJ
be implementeJ in lote 2012 witb new toriffs opplicoble from April 201S. Stobility bos
been resumeJ onJ some of tbe uncertointy expelleJ for tbe byJropower sector but tbe
overoll effect of tbe review will not be known until tbe outumn of 2012.



110
T76%#1")+(*6 (* )4% '#%6%*) '(6+)+(* (, 450#('(;%# +* )4% F^
E,,%8)6 (, >E- "*0 H?Q (* 450#('(;%#
lt is cleor tbot witbin oll permittinq oreos tbe WIB is well known but little is known
or unJerstooJ obout RFS. lt coulJ be tbot WIB bos o Jirect impoct on tbe obility of o
byJro scbeme to be JevelopeJ or not but RFS is bosicolly o notionol torqet for renewoble
enerqy Jevelopment onJ bos very little impoct on inJiviJuol scbemes. Tbe incentives to
Jevelop RF ore qenerolly seen os o notionol neeJ onJ ore never reloteJ to meetinq RFS
torqets.
Tbe Beportment for IooJ onJ Rurol Affoirs {BFIRA) oJministers tbe WIB in tbe 0K. lt is
never cleor wbetber BFIRA onJ BFCC consiJer tbe conflict between tbe two Jirectives
witb reqorJ to byJropower Jevelopment. BFCC is certoinly involveJ witb Jevelopment of
quiJonce on woter obstroction etc. ot workinq-qroup level.
Tbe environment oqencies noturolly quote WIB in tbeir permittinq process. ScotlonJ onJ
N lrelonJ olso consiJer clouse 4.7 but tbere is little eviJence of it beinq consiJereJ in
FnqlonJ onJ Woles.
E*1+#(*2%*)"! '%#2+))+*$
Tbe mojor issue on tbe Jevelopment of environmentol quiJonce for byJro onJ tbe
permittinq process is tbe opposition to byJropower by o very stronq onqlinq lobby
tbrouqbout tbe 0K. Attempts to bove true eviJence-boseJ leqislotion ore overriJJen by tbe
lobbyists if tbey feel ony tbreot to onqlinq exists. 0ne qroup boJ four very public
compoiqns oqoinst byJropower in 2011 olone.
Tbe permittinq process, in tbese effectively eorly Joys of new byJro Jevelopment,
con be lonq onJ tortuous. Eowever tbere ore siqns tbot witb ottempts to speeJ-up tbe
process onJ tbe fomiliority brouqbt obout by increoseJ numbers of opplicotions
permittinq is qettinq more streomlineJ. Eowever, tbis is not olwoys tbe cose.
Hojor issues wbicb offect byJro Jevelopments ore:

! A Jesire to remove oll "obstructions" in rivers to ollow tbe free possoqe of fisb.
BFIRA bos proviJeJ funJs for Rivers Trusts to cleon-up rivers onJ tbe removol of
borriers is seen os tbe most effective meons.
! lmpenJinq leqislotion on fisb possoqe wbicb will coll for tbe removol of borriers or
tbe instiqotion of fisb posses ot tbe lonJowners expense.
! ln FnqlonJ onJ Woles tbere is o qrowinq requirement for "splittinq" tbe flow obove
resiJuol flow volues between tbe byJro scbeme onJ tbe river. Tbis is beinq
consulteJ on onJ revieweJ by o workinq qroup comprisinq tbe Fnvironment
Aqency onJ stokebolJers {BFCC, byJro onJ onqlinq). lnitiolly no eviJence for flow
splittinq is opporent.
F^ .50#('(;%# )"#$%)6 ,(# CDCD
Irom 2011, o furtber 48S HW wos neeJeJ to be JevelopeJ to meet tbe 2020
torqets. Tbis woulJ oll come from smoll byJro {up to 10 HW). Witb tbe Jeloys in qettinq
serious byJro construction storteJ owinq to tbe uncertointies surrounJinq tbe IiT, tbis
meons tbot opproximotely S0 HW per yeor is requireJ. ln Jeliberotion witb BFCC, tbe 0K
byJropower inJustry bos colculoteJ tbot, witb present copobilities, o moximum of 40 HW
per yeor is possible. Biscussions continue to see bow tbe present rote of Jevelopment coulJ
be occeleroteJ.
-)")36 (, 450#('(;%# +* )4% F^
Bespite tbe issues wbicb oJversely offect tbe proqress of byJropower in tbe 0K,
tbere is o qenerol optimistic feelinq witbin tbe inJustry. lt olwoys suffers from tbe very
lorqe omount of renewoble enerqy wbicb is promiseJ from onsbore onJ offsbore winJ onJ
111
tbis perioJicolly offects tbe support wbicb byJropower qets from Centrol 6overnment.
Eowever, tbe R0C onJ IiT incentives bove couseJ o reol renoissonce offectinq oll ospects
onJ ployers in tbe inJustry. Tbe number of interesteJ porties from businesses, communities
onJ inJiviJuols continues to qrow. BFCC now Jevelops policies witb tbe ossistonce of tbe
inJustry onJ now reolises tbot byJro is o unique renewoble form of enerqy onJ, Jespite its
position os o JevelopeJ tecbnoloqy, is Jifferent from otber tecbnoloqies in mony woys onJ
still bos room for innovotion.

N@ /#(6'%8)6 ,(# ?3)3#% "*0 >%8(22%*0")+(*6
<(*6+6)%*85 (, %*1+#(*2%*)"! '%#2+))+*$
As inJicoteJ eorlier, environmentol permittinq vories qreotly between eocb of tbe 0KS
notion stotes. lmplementotion of tbe WIB sboulJ be consistent tbrouqb tbe Jevelopment
of stonJorJs by 0K Tecbnicol AJvisory 6roup {0KTA6) but, especiolly witb reqorJ to river
environment stonJorJs tbis work is inconsistent owinq to lock of scientific eviJence. Tbere
is tberefore o qreot Jeol of inJiviJuol observotionol onJ ossumeJ cborocteristics wbicb is
embeJJeJ witbin tbe permittinq process. Similor byJro scbemes in Jifferent ports of tbe
country ore sufferinq sometimes completely opposeJ requlotions. Tbere is tberefore o neeJ
to:

! 6otber more eviJence in sensitive oreos {especiolly flows ovoiloble to byJro
scbemes);
! ProviJe more consistent quiJonce;
! Fnsure tbot stokebolJers bove tbeir soy but tbot tbey Jo not veer from tbeir brief;
! Eove more reolistic tolks between BFCC onJ BFIRA on tbe effect of punitive
requlotion on 0K byJro 2020 torqets.

S88%!%#")% "))%*)+(* )( $#+0 +663%6
BFCC onJ 0I6FH sboulJ complete work urqently on bow byJropower projects ore
JefineJ in orJer to clorify tbe use of privote wires, remove uncertointy wbicb
interconnector Jefines tbe IiT rote onJ issue plons for improvinq qriJ occess moinly in
ScotlonJ.

>%1+%; '#('(6"!6 ,(# >T<L?+) #")% "*0 )"#+,, ,(# 450#('(;%# "7(1% C =H
Tbe review of R0C bonJinq suqqesteJ bolvinq tbe poyment per HWb from 1 R0C to
0.S HW for byJropower. Tbe byJropower inJustry proveJ tbot tbe reoson wbicb BFCC
proviJeJ for tbis wos boseJ on incorrect eviJence. Tbere is o bope tbot tbis miqbt be
sufficient to return ot leost to 1 R0C on completion of BFCCs review of tbe consultotion.
Eowever, if it Joes not tben no byJropower obove 2 HW will be JevelopeJ severely
tbreoteninq tbe 2020 torqets. lt olso tbreotens to bolve tbe IiT toriff between 2 onJ S HW
wbicb will oJJ to tbe some conclusion. Tbe 0K byJropower sector tberefore stronqly
oJvises BFCC tbot tbere must be no bolvinq of toriffs for byJropower unJer eitber tbe IiT
or R0C reqimes.
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