Study of Method of Data Transmission for Fast Inductively Setting a Fuze

During Muzzle Exit

Zheng Chuanjun Zhang Kejia Zhai Xingquan He Zhengcai
(School of Mechanics, NUST ,Nanjing 210094)
(College of Naval Engineering ,Wuhan 430033)

ABSTRACT
In the modern bat tlef ield , w ith the purpose of improving the ability of low distance anti-missile and antipilotless
aircraft , the automation between cannon and fire control system can be adapted , and remotely and quickly set ting a
fuze is one of the key techniques to realize this objective .In this paper , the data coding method of funct ion time ,
method of modulation and demodulat ion and some o ther questions such as error control are discussed in detail ,
and the concrete scheme to realize data t ransmission during quickly set ting a fuze is given as well .
KEYWORDS: fuze , data transmission , coding ,modulation




1. Introduction
On the modern battlefield, close defense reaction time is usually very short, perhaps only 2 ~ 5 s. Thus, ammunition
before launch on Can not be pre-loaded fuse. If you use a proximity fuze, due to background noise and electronic
interference, it is often up to the F probability of ruin Less than requirements. Using the automated fire control
system connected to the rapid-fire guns, in a short time a large amount of ammunition or launch submunitions, And
controlled by electronic time fuze detonated ammunition, before attacking the target to form a "barrage" wall to
intercepting missiles is the anti-Armed helicopters and direction of development of short-range anti-ballistic missile.
Rapid-fire guns and fire control systems can be automated, but achieving full automation on Fuze must be
connected to the system and fire control systems, fire control systems so quickly, automatically transfer the latest
data on the target Lost to fuse, and then by detonating projectile fuze control real-time, to achieve precise control
point bombing, greatly improve the probability of damage. Its, In the projectile out of the muzzle instant action fuze
fuze time data is transmitted to one of the key technologies.

2. Data transmission principle
Given the rapid loading system, the purpose of data transmission is the role of the fuze, fuze time information
transmitted to go, is a Communications between points of principle block diagram shown in Figure 1. In this system,
data transmission is performed by electromagnetic induction, Installed a given window is relatively short, generally
less than 100 s. Due to the short time communications, using half-duplex communication has certain difficulties
difficult. On the other hand, the volume of small fuse when using duplex communication, energy and volume as its
main contradiction. So here Synchronous transmission requires transmitting a synchronization signal transmission
system for transmitting data at the same time, a synchronization channel signal is also required, it is difficult
Applicable Fuze Setting occasions. Thus, according to the actual situation, given data transmission equipment using
asynchronous mode. In addition, artillery in Launch the process, the environment is very bad at the muzzle, the
impact of factors including optical, electrical, thermal and plasma, these factors Loud noise will be generated at the
time the signal transmission channel. Thus, the data transmission channel to the signal transmission medium the
attenuation varies with time, which is very rich channel characteristics. To improve the reliability and validity of the
data transmission can take advantage Carrier transmission system using digital signals. In this system, in addition to
the communication protocol, it should be loaded in the data unmarshalling fully meet the system requirements on the
selected code form, modulation and demodulation and error control methods and other indicators.

2-1. Data encoding method

Due to the need in a very short time (<100 s) will be given time fuze fitted accurately transferred to the Fuze go,
and Stapling require higher precision fuze (with fixed partition of 1 ms), so Fuze given time data transmission is a
key technology One surgery . In order to be accurate to within 100 s 1 ms maximum time of 5 s time to dress
properly transmitted to the lead given data The letter , using the appropriate encoding method is very important.
Generally , encoded data should satisfy the principle : ( 1 ) In order to Completed within 100s mounted fixed code
length as short as possible ; ( 2 ) correct detection capability as large as possible in order to improve the reliability of
the transmission system ; ( 3 ) Code Code rule is simple, concrete realization of the device is simple, easy to
manufacture , low cost ; ( 4 ) the error characteristics of the channel as possible matching. Because the role of Fuze
given time digital information given time when the maximum loading of 5 s, mounted a given time interval of 1 ms
When , if the character encoding , compared to four decimal data , such as the use of numerical codes, compared
with 13 binary data. When using the internal oscillator pulse counting method Fuze Setting, can solve the internal
fuse base frequency spread Problems. However, the information amount of the low- pass , high- frequency
oscillation needs , the window length stapling , stapling is subjected to a maximum time Predetermined limit.
Encoding the binary coding method is short, the high amount of information transmitted, but requires an accurate
internal time fuze base. School frequency binary encoding is to encode the pulse count and binary encoding two
methods combined, by measuring the fuze, the oscillation frequency within the binary coding method to determine
the time base fuze. It uses the start bit and binary encoding Stop bits control the internal oscillator counter for
counting fuze, thereby measuring the oscillation frequency fuze.

2-2. Modulation and demodulation method

There are binary digital modulation amplitude shift keying (2ASK), frequency shift keying (2FSK) and phase shift
keying (2PSK) three major categories, as shown in Figure 2.
Under the same conditions the error rate in the SNR requirements, 2PSK 2FSK smaller than 3 dB, 2FSK smaller
than 2ASK 3 dB from this, in terms of anti-additive noise, 2PSK best performance, 2FSK second, and 2ASK worst.
When the width of the symbol Ts when band width 2ASK and 2PSK system is approximately 2 / Ts, with 2FSK
system width is approximately | f 2-f 1 | +2 / Ts> 2 / T s (wherein f 1 and f 2 of the FM carrier wave 2). Therefore,
the width of the band or bandwidth efficiency point of view, 2FSK system is the most desirable.



From consideration of the complexity of the equipment required, the complexity of these three kinds of modulation
of the transmission device uses difference Small, and the complexity of the receiving apparatus and the selected
modulation and demodulation on. For the same modulation scheme, the phase
Dry demodulation device more complicated than non-coherent demodulation; while non-coherent demodulation
equipment 2PSK most complex systems, 2FSK followed, 2ASK easiest. The figures given in the installed system,
consideration should focus on digital transmission bit error rate of the channel characteristics the sensitivity and
complexity of the device changes. As can be seen from the above analysis and synthesis of these four factors, the
system adopted with 2FSK modulation methods and non-coherent demodulation method is more appropriate.

2-3. Error Control
The stapling system of the transmission channel attenuation, distortion, and interference is serious, the receiving end
of the digital demodulated signal inevitable free to errors, so that the error rate increased. In order to reduce the error
rate, the error must be controlled. Error control method of the main There are four kinds: Forward Error Correction
(FEC), error detection retransmission (ARQ), hybrid error control (HEC) and feedback (IRQ).
FEC is the originator of the digital information according to certain rules of composition have added extra symbol
error correction capability of the code, the receiving end receives the code
After decoding according to a predetermined rule. If you find an error and determine its position that the error be
corrected. Its main drawback is: decoding set Preparation of complex, in order to correct the wrong code more,
additional redundant code more, so the lower transmission rate. ARQ mode settings check Wrong code, the receiver
for receiving the error detection code group, if the error retransmission request transmitting terminal codes the group
until the last error code group. In this manner must have a feedback channel can not be the same broadcast. In
addition, when a large channel interference, the entire system may be in re-Pass cycle, the communication efficiency
is reduced, the information transmission, poor consistency, suitable for real-time transmission system. HEC is the
FEC and ARQ Binding mode. IRQ sucked comparing the received data transfer to the sender, if the fault is re-entry.
It is all the same and HEC Requires a feedback channel. In a given system installed, using the one-way
communication, we can only use the first error control party Type, ie before the error correction (FEC).
3. Conclusion
After receiving the FM signal receiving coil from the transmitting coil by inductive coupling, after amplification and
demodulation, and then after decoding and signal filtering the signal waveform can be installed on a given time, the
square-wave signal can be entered directly in electronic time fuze to control detonation of ammunition. Thus, the
complete a remote control for quick loading fuze setting. Which from then receiving the received signal to the coil
to obtain the time information stapling signal waveforms of the stages shown in Figure 3.
The current small-caliber rapid-fire guns, if coupled with automatic Programmable efficient ammunition and fire
control system Corresponding transform and upgrade, will give full play to the small Caliber artillery power of the
anti-missile system. And this Technology still in power in diameter or more precisely Sub-time fuze and fuze
mounted multi-choice set time On, so loading time given accuracy improvement Fuze 1 to 2 orders of magnitude,
and can greatly improve the munitions The cost-effectiveness ratio.


4. References