2013 Project Lead The Way,

Inc.
PBS Project 6.1.1 Student Response Sheet Page 1

Part II: Annas Illnesses

Illnesses
Effect on
System (if
applicable)


Diabetes Sickle Cell
Anemia
Heart Disease Urinary Tract
Infection
Cardiovascula
r









high blood
glucose
erodes and
damages
blood vessels

















blood clots!!
cause stroke,
heart attack,
high blood
pressure/hyp
ertension

low RBC
count = low
hematocrit,
low WBC
count
Anna has
tachycardia ->
high heart
rate

ventricular
hypertrophy
caused by
high blood
pressure or
cardiovascula
r disease
Anna had
high heart
rate and
blood
pressure
during UTI
Digestive









neuropathy ->
nerve damage
due to
prolonged
high blood
glucose, can
cause
indigestion,
vomiting,
diarrhea,
nausea,
constipation
Bilirubin
gallstones -
sickle cells die
in 20 days;
liver breaks
down the
bilirubin; extra
bilirubin can
become a
gallstone in the
gallbladder


(bilirubin forms
bile)
Anna has
high
cholesterol ->
cholesterol
emulsifies
fats and is
used in
production of
bile
waste unused
in digestion
from food
gotten rid of
through urine,
urination w/ a
UTI causes
pain



2013 Project Lead The Way,

Inc.
PBS Project 6.1.1 Student Response Sheet Page 2






Immune









oral health
problems ->
prolonged
high blood
glucose
damages
blood
vessels,
blood cant
get to gums,
tissue dies,
weakened
immune
system, easy
for bacteria to
grow
immune cells
travel through
blood ->
decreased
blood flow
due to
clotting ->
slowed
healing

small vessels
in spleen can
be damaged
Increased
production of
lymphocytes
(B & T cells)
and antibodies
against the
bacteria;
Inflammatory
response (may
increase
additional UTI
and/or damage
to urinary tract
structures.
Nervous









neuropathy ->
high glucose
damages
blood vessels
which nourish
nerves,
causes nerve
damage
easily clotting
RBCs cause
clotting in
brain ->
stroke

low RBC
count doesnt
take as much
oxygen to
brain
high
cholesterol ->
cholesterol
used in
synapse and
neuron firing
in myelin
sheath
memory B
cells
controlled by
CNS -> used
to fight off
infections
caused by
bacteria such
as UTI
Respiratory









ketoacidosis -
> when body
cant use
sugar as fuel
source fat is
used, ketones
are
byproducts of
breakdown
and build up
in body, deep
gasping
breathing is a
symptom of
low RBCs
dont take as
much oxygen
to lungs ->
acute chest
syndrome
atheroscleros
is ->
hardening of
arteries due
to build up of
cholesterol
(Anna had
high
cholesterol)
and plaques,
shortness of
breath,
difficult to
carry oxygen
N/A



2013 Project Lead The Way,

Inc.
PBS Project 6.1.1 Student Response Sheet Page 3

ketoacidosis to lungs

Urinary









ketoacidosis
diagnosed
through urine
test

kidney
disease ->
overworked
from filtering
blood glucose
slowed blood
flow ->
slowed
immune
response,
blood carries
immune cells,
slowed killing
of bacteria,
increase UTI
risk
hypertension
-> damaged
blood vessels
-> kidneys
stop
removing
waste
may lead to
kidney
infection if
untreated

Sources Used:
http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/neuropathies/
http://www.livestrong.com/article/128264-systems-body-affected-sickle-cell/
http://www.fwgbd.org/resources/blood-disorders/sickle-cell-disease.aspx
Complications of Diabetes Activity
Autopsy/Medical History Reports
Class notes