A/S Practicals 2009-2010 Technician notes

Lesson 1-Test tube reactions 1 PSA3

Resources.
Test tubes and racks.
Sodium carbonate solid
Dilute hydrochloric acid
Limewater
Potassium dichromate paper
Filter paper
Sodium sulphite solid
Sodium sulphide solid
Sodium thiosulphate solid
Lead ethanoate paper
Magnesium
Hydrogen peroxide
Manganese dioxide
mmonium chloride solid
Dilute sodium hydroxide
!ed litmus paper
"onc hydrochloric acid #$ume cupboard%
Done as $irst practical. !isk assessments not written $or e&ery chemical show students how to smell
unknown chemicals with care. Sa$ety glasses and lab coats worn at all times.
Risk assessment'
(o through risks associated with handling highly corrosi&e li)uids like conc hyrochloric aci!
cid is kept in a tray in the $ume cupboard. Students must wear glo&es and sa$ety glasses whilst handling
the acid.
Lesson 2-Test tube reactions 2 PSA3
Resources.
Sodium sulphate solid
*arium chloride solution
Sodium chloride solid
Sodium bromide solid
Sodium iodide solid
Dilute nitric acid
Sil&er nitrate solution
Dilute ammonia
"onc ammonia
Risk assessment
Sa$ety glasses+ lab coat throughout.
Dilute nitric acid corrosi&e+irritant.
Dilute ammonia irritant.
"onc ammonia corrosi&e'glo&es keep in $ume cupboard, do not breathe in $umes.
Lesson 3 "#m$irical %ormula-resources.
Sa$ety glasses
Fireproo$ mat
Tongs
Pipe'clay triangle
"rucible plus lid
*unsen burner
Tripod
nalytical balance #minimum o$ - decimal places%
"hemicals
Metal ribbon #-. cm length%
Risk assessment
/ear sa$ety glasses and lab coat.
"aution with hot apparatus.
Lesson&-Pre$aration o% stanar solution
resources
-.cm
0
pipette
1.2 moledm
'0
sodium hydroxide solution
Dropping pipette
Distilled water
(raduated $lask
Pipette $iller
Permanent marker pen.
Risk assessment
/ear sa$ety glasses and lab coat.
1.2 mole+dm
'0
sodium hydroxide is an irritant.
Lesson'- Stanarisation o% ()l by titration usin* soium hyro+ie
Resources
(oggles
122cm
0
, -.2cm
0
beaker
-.2cm
0
conical $lask
-.cm0 bulb pipette and pipette $iller
*urette and stand
Filter $unnel
Teat pipette
3our standard sodium hydroxide solution
Dilute hydrochloric acid to standardise approx 2.1 mol dm
'0
Phenol pthalein indicator solution
Risk assessment
/ear sa$ety glasses and lab coat.
Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid are irritants.
"aution $illing burette at eye le&el.
Lesson ,- -akin* a stanar solution o% soium carbonate 0.0'molm
-3
solution.PSA1
Resources
1dp+0dp balance
Solid sodium carbonate
Dropping pipette
Distilled water
(raduated $lask
Permanent marker pen.
Risk assessment
/ear sa$ety glasses and lab coat.
Lesson .- Stanarisation o% (yrochloric aci usin* stanar soium carbonate solution
PSA2
Resources
(oggles
122cm
0
beaker, -.2cm
0
beaker, -.2cm
0
conical $lask.
-.cm
0
bulb pipette, Pipette $iller.
*urette.
*urette stand and holder
Plastic $ilter $unnel, white tile, teat pipette
Standard sodium carbonate solution #2.1M%.
Dilute hydrochloric acid to standardise'approx 122cm
0
per student.
Methyl orange indicator solution.
Risk assessment
/ear sa$ety glasses and lab coat.
Hydrochloric acid is an irritant.
"aution $illing burette at eye le&el.
Lesson / Some halo*en chemistry
!esources
Test tubes 4 racks.
Sa$ety glasses
Sodium chloride, bromide and iodide solutions.
Sil&er nitrate solution.
Dilute ammonia
"oncentrated ammonia
Hydrogen peroxide solution
Dilute sulphuric acid
Dilute nitric acid

Lesson 9-0is$lacement reactions o% halo*ens

!esources
Pipettes
Test tubes 4 rack
(oggles
2.-M potassium chloride solution 5
2.-M potassium bromide solution 5
2.-M potassium iodide solution 5
chlorine water 55
bromine water 55
iodine water5
Risk assessment1
5 Harm$ul
55 Toxic and corrosi&e.
"onsults "leapss $or $urther in$ormation
Lesson 10-0eterminin* the -
R
o% a 2olatile li3ui.PSA'
!e)uirements
6 tall beaker #.22 cm0% as a water bath
6 gas syringe with sel$'sealing cap
6 hypodermic syringe
6 thermometer #' 12
2
" to 112
2
"%
6 hexane #b.p. 78
2
"%
6 tripod, gau9e and *unsen burner
6 balance #pre$erably to a precision o$ at least - d.p.%
The hypodermic syringes should ha&e a plastic co&er $or sa$ety and students need to
be ad&ised about the need $or care in handling them.
Risk assessment1
Lesson11- Stanarisation o% ()l by titration usin* soium hyro+ie PSA2 4rom test -ay
200'
Resources
(oggles
122cm
0
, -.2cm
0
beaker
-.2cm
0
conical $lask
-.cm0 bulb pipette and pipette $iller
*urette and stand
Filter $unnel
Teat pipette
2.1 M sodium hydroxide solution
Dilute hydrochloric acid to standardise approx 2.1 mol dm
'0
Phenol pthalein indicator solution
Risk assessment
/ear sa$ety glasses and lab coat.
Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid are irritants.
"aution $illing burette at eye le&el.

Lesson 12- PSA, 5n2esti*ate ho6 the rate o% a reaction chan*es 6ith tem$erature
!e)uirements
6 thermometer#'12
2
" to 112
2
"%
6 :22 cm
0
beaker #$or use as a water bath%
6 -.2 cm
0
conical $lask
6 .2 cm
0
measuring cylinder
6 12 cm0 measuring cylinder
6 2.-. mol dm
'0
sodium thiosul$ate solution #or :2 g dm
'0
%
6 -.2 mol dm
'0
hydrochloric acid
6 stopwatch
6 test tube
6 clamp and stand
6 tripod, gau9e and heat'proo$ mat
6 plain paper marked with a cross
6 graph paper

Lesson 13-#nthal$y o% combustion o% alcohols.
(oggles
*ench mat
Stand, boss, clamp
Thermometer #'1 to.1
2
"%
122cm
0
measuring cylinder
Steel can
Digital balance - dp
ccess to spirit burners containing; alcohols.
Risk assessment-7rite o6n
"aution with $lammable li)uids, burn in spirit burners. Methanol labelled toxic.
Lesson 1&-0eterminin* the enthal$y o% a reaction
(oggles
*ench mat
Stand, boss, clamp
-. cm
0
pipette
pipette $iller
Polystyrene cup with lid.
/eighing bottle
Thermometer
Digital balance
Stop watch
1.2 M copper #<<% sulphate solution.
=inc powder.
Risk assessment-7rite o6n re%er to )lea$ss
Lesson 1'-Pre$aration o% ethanal %rom ethanol PSA.
*ench mats, boiling tubes, test tubes, deli&ery tube and bung, -.2cm
0
beaker, teat pipettes, bosses and clamps,
weighing bottles, digital balance, anti'bumping granules, ethanol, sodium dichromate #><%, 1M sulphuric acid.
Risk assessment-7rite o6n re%er to )lea$ss
(eneral ha9ards associated with organic practicals.
ssume all organics are toxic and $lammable'keep away $rom *unsen burner.
"aution heating ethanol as it may o&er boil.
Sulphuric acid is an irritant.
"onsult "leapss.
Testin* ethanal
- M sodium hydroxide, 1M ammonia, 2.. M sodium carbonate, sil&er nitrate solution, $ehlings and *, uni&ersal
indicator solution
Risk assessment-7rite o6n
/hen doing sil&er mirror test'do not allow the mixture to stand because it sometimes $orms dangerously
explosi&e sil&er salts.
Sodium hydroxide corrosi&e.
Fehlings solution'toxic.
"onsult "leapss.
Lesson 1,-8+iation o% ethanol to ethanoic aci.PSA.
(oggles
*ench mat
Test tubes Test tube rack 5
?uick $it apparatus
-.2cm
0
beaker
Teat pipettes
*unsen burner
- x retort stands boss and clamps.
Tripod and gau9e
*alance
nti bumping granules
@thanol
Sodium dichromate #><%
2..M sodium carbonate solution
Ani&ersal indicator
Risk assessment-7rite o6n re%er to )lea$ss
(eneral ha9ards associated with organic practicals.
ssume all organics are toxic and $lammable'keep away $rom *unsen burner.
"aution heating ethanol as it may o&er boil.
"onsult "leapss.
Lesson 1. 8r*anic tests PSA/
!e)uirements
6 ethanol
6 ethanal or propanal
6 cyclohexene
6 1'bromobutane
6 dilute ethanoic acid #- mol dm'0%
6 small pieces o$ metallic sodium under petroleum ether #a beaker o$
ethanol should be a&ailable on the $ront bench $or sa$e disposal o$ any
excess sodium%
6 FehlingBs solution
6 FehlingBs solution *
6 bromine water
6 sodium carbonate solution
6 sodium hydrogencarbonate solid
6 sodium hydroxide solution
6 sil&er nitrate solution
6 dilute nitric acid
6 -.2 cm0 beaker
6 anti'bumping granules
6 test tubes and a test tube holder
6 thermometer #'12 o" to 112 o"%
"entres may choose to use TollensB reagent rather than FehlingBs solution to test $or
an aldehyde, whether or not they are planning to ha&e the students undertake PSC.
"entres who choose to use TollensB reagent MAST instruct students to prepare this
reagent in situ as desctibed in PSC
Lesson 1/ 5enti%yin* inor*anic com$ouns.
Solid samples o$;
"alcium carbonate.
Sodium oxide.
Sodium chloride
Sodium bromide
Sodium iodide.
Sodium sulphide.
=inc metal.
Sodium sulphate.

Test tubes and racks.
Dilute hydrochloric acid
Limewater
Ani&ersal indicator solution
Potassium dichromate paper
Filter paper
*arium chloride solution
Dilute nitric acid
Sil&er nitrate solution
Dilute ammonia
"onc ammonia
Lesson 19--olecular mass o% a soluble base-o$tional
Heat re)uired amount o$ sodium carbonate #Da
-
"E
0
% to dri&e o$$ water o$ crystallisation. @ither; heat in an
e&aporating dish o&er a *unsen burner $or 02 minutes approx., or heat in a drying o&en at about 112o" $or 1 hour.
gitate the solid periodically with a clean glass rod. Trans$er to a desiccator a$ter heating, and label it FSubstance
= ' Harm$ulF.
)are; Ase tongs and eye protection. *eware o$ hot solid and apparatus. Sodium carbonate $orms caustic alkaline
solutions with waterG i$ spilt on skin wash with plenty o$ water.
Top pan digital balances #minimum o$ two i$ possible%.
/eighing bottles.
Sodium carbonate approx -g per student.
De'ionised water.
2.122M hydrochloric acid5 llow -22cm0 per student.
Methyl orange indicator solution.
(oggles
122cm
0
beaker, -.2cm
0
beaker, -.2cm
0
conical $lask.
-.cm
0
bulb pipette, Pipette $iller.
(raduated $lasks.
*urette.
*urette stand and holder
Plastic $ilter $unnel, white tile, teat pipette
Risk assessment-7rite o6n re%er to )lea$ss
Lesson 20-9une 200& e+am $a$er-o$tional
Resources
Test tubes and racks.
Dropping pipettes.
/ash bottle 4 distilled water.
Sil&er nitrate solution o$ concentration 2.2. mol dm
'0
hydrochloric acid concentration -.2 mol dm
'0
Magnesium sulphate solution o$ concentration 2.- mol dm
'0
Sodium chromate #><% solution o$ concentration 2.- mol dm
'0
labelled
*arium chloride solution o$ concentration 2.- mol dm
'0
labelled *
Lead #<<% nitrate solution o$ concentration 2.1 mol dm
'0
labelled ".
Potassium iodide solution o$ concentration 2.- mol dm
'0
labelled D
Sodium carbonate solution o$ concentration 2.- mol dm
'0
labelled @.
Risk assessment1
Students assume all solutions are toxic and corrosi&e.