Questions on

Hill Irrigation Engineering

Assume suitable data if necessary.
1. Define the rate of sprinkler application for a crop having root depth 80 cm and
consumptive use 5 mm daily, if the sprinklers can be operated 10 hour in a
day. Assume that available water in the soil is 0!.
". Determine half monthly values from monthly #$
o
data %mm&day' for 1"
months.
( ) * A * ( ( A + , - D
1.. ".5 .8 ./ ..8 5.1 5." .."5 .. .0 ".. 1.8
. 0rite short notes on any four of the following1
a' 2ive stacking
b' +tages in the participatory approach
c' 3uidelines for choosing intake locations
d' 4+5 method of flow assessment
.. Describe briefly about *ountain 6one 5lassification. 0hy this classification
is needed7
5. Design a bank intake for a canal with design discharge of .50 lps. -ominal
trap velocity for sediment 8 0.15 m&s, u&s orifice velocity 8 0."5 m&s, outlet
gate velocity 8 0.5 m&s, sill velocity 8 0.15 m&s, min. level of river 8 91.5m,
)+2 of canal 8 90 m, :2 of canal 8 89.0 m. Assume e;tra flow in canal at the
time of flood as .0! and the depth of flow at this time e<ual to 1. m.
/. 0rite down the stepwise procedures for the calculation of 3ross =rrigation
0ater >e<uirement.
?. #numerate important guidelines to be considered for the success of hill
irrigation systems.
8. Define the rate of sprinkler application for a crop having root depth ?0 cm and
consumptive use / mm daily, if the sprinklers can be operated 1" hour in a
day. Assume that available water in the soil is "5!.
9. Determine half monthly values from 80! reliable monthly rainfall data %mm'
for 1" months.
( ) * A * ( ( A + , - D
. 15 18 / /8 151 "0 ""5 1.0 0 1" 8
10. 0rite short notes on any four of the following1
a' +odding b' @articipatory approach
c' 5haracteristics of 4=+ d' 3ully erosion
e' )arming +ystems of -epal
11. :riefly discuss about the assessment techni<ues of water availability for hill
irrigation schemes used in -epal.
1". Describe briefly about *ountain 6one 5lassification. 0hy this classification
is needed7
1. 0hat is a prere<uisite for government assistance to farmerAs irrigation
proBects7 0hat type of details it should contain7 4ow the proBect is selected
for government assistance7
1.. 5ompute irrigation interval and numbers of hours of irrigation per day for a
1/ mm dripCline " lit.&hr dripper, if lateral spacing of dripCline is 1 m and
dripper spacing is 0./ m. Available water for the given soil is 10!. $ake crop
water re<uirement e<ual to 5 mm&day. $he crop has 90 cm rooting depth.
15. D+prinkler and Drip irrigation are sustainable methods in the hills of -epalE.
(ustify this statement.
1/. 0hat are the vegetative techni<ues used for controlling surface erosion and
land slides7
1?. 5hoosing the intake locations in 4=+, what guidelines should be followed7
18. Design a bank intake for a canal with design discharge of 500 lps. -ominal
trap velocity for sediment 8 0.15 m&s, u&s orifice velocity 8 0."5 m&s, outlet
gate velocity 8 0./ m&s, sill velocity 8 0.15 m&s, min. level of river 8 91m,
)+2 of canal 8 90 m, :2 of canal 8 89." m. Assume e;tra flow in canal at the
time of flood as 0! and the depth of flow at this time e<ual to 1m.
19. 0rite down the stepwise procedures for the calculation of 3ross =rrigation
0ater >e<uirement.
"0. #numerate important guidelines to be considered for the success of hill
irrigation systems.
"1. Define the rate of sprinkler application for a crop having root depth ?0 cm and
consumptive use / mm daily, if the sprinklers can be operated 1" hour in a
day. Assume that available water in the soil is "5!.
"". Determine half monthly values from 80! reliable monthly rainfall data %mm'
for 1" months.
( ) * A * ( ( A + , - D
. 15 18 / /8 151 "0 ""5 1.0 0 1" 8
". 0rite short notes on any four of the following1
a' +odding b' @articipatory approach
c' 5haracteristics of 4=+ d' 3ully erosion
e' )arming +ystems of -epal
".. :riefly discuss about the assessment techni<ues of water availability for hill
irrigation schemes used in -epal.
"5. Describe briefly about *ountain 6one 5lassification. 0hy this classification is
needed7
"/. 0hat is a prere<uisite for government assistance to farmerAs irrigation proBects7
0hat type of details it should contain7 4ow the proBect is selected for government
assistance7
"?. 5ompute irrigation interval and numbers of hours of irrigation per day for a 1/
mm dripline " lit&hr dripper, if lateral spacing of dripline is 1 m and dripper
spacing is 0./ m. Available water for the given soil is 10!. $ake crop water
re<uirement e<ual to 5 mm&day. $he crop has 90 cm rooting depth.
"8.D+prinkler and Drip irrigation are sustainable methods in the hills of -epalE.
(ustify this statement.
"9. 0hat are the vegetative techni<ues used for controlling surface erosion and land
slides7
0. 5hoosing the intake locations in 4=+, what guidelines should be followed7
1. Design a bank intake for a canal with design discharge of 500 lps. -ominal trap
velocity for sediment 8 0.15 m&s, u&s orifice velocity 8 0."5 m&s, outlet gate
velocity 8 0./ m&s, sill velocity 8 0.15 m&s, min. level of river 8 91m, )+2 of
canal 8 90 m, :2 of canal 8 89." m. Assume e;tra flow in canal at the time of
flood as 0! and the depth of flow at this time e<ual to 1m.
32. How drop structures can be used to control erosion and water level of canal in HIS?
Illustrate your answer with neat sketches.
33. Design a cascade drop to lower the water level in the canal by 2.5 . !he canal is
carrying a discharge of 25" lps# having bed width 5"c. !he e$isting ground slope at
the drop is 2%&.
3'. Describe about the basic coponents of a botto rack intake.
35. Design a settling basin for a HIS having poor intake site. Design discharge ( '5" lps)
si*e of silt to be trapped ( ".5. !ake +,-s ( "."&. and critical botto velocity (
".25 ,s. -ssue scour velocity for flushing ( &..5 ,s.
3/. 0hat are the precautionary easures for inii*ing sedient entry into irrigation
canals? 0hich ethods of sedient control are ore appropriate and cost effective
in reote hill irrigation systes?
31. Deterine the storage volue of a gravel trap having a discharge of /"" lps and
a$iu sedient concentration of &.5 kg,
3
. -ssue that the gravel is trapped at
a rate of & kg,
3
of flow# having bulk density of &.2 t,
3
. !he gravel trap should be
cleaned in every ten days.
3.. Describe about the types of drainage crossings used in HIS. 0hich of the is ost
suitable in reote hills and e$plain why?
32. 3stiate concentration of sedient by ass during onsoon in the absence of local
data for a catchent of 3.& s4. k. -ssue density of sedient e4ual to 2t,
3
and
the river transports 5"5 of the annual sedient load in 3 onths of the onsoon.
'". 6ive stepwise procedure for designing the distribution layout for a new hill
irrigation syste.
'&. Define the rate of a sprinkler application for a crop having root depth & and 3!
crop
e4ual to 3.5 ,day. !he sprinklers are decided to be operated half day. -ssue
that the e$tractable water fro the given soil condition is ".25 fraction.
'2. 0rite short notes on any four of the following.
a. !he iddle ountains faring syste of 7epal
b. 8rush atting
c. 9ocation of 3scapes in HIS
d. Institutional Developent of 0:-s
e. ;rocess of soil erosion
'3. Describe about the use and advantages of gabion construction in reote hill areas.
''. Design a chute for HIS. !he canal has a discharge of 5"" lps having bed width "..
and water depth "./5 . !he ground slope at the drop is about &%2 <=%H> and the
canal is decided to be dropped by 2 .
'5. 0hat are the ain factors influencing the design of siple bank intakes?
'/. ?low easureent ade on &
st
-pril on a river strea was '"" lps# drained fro a
catchent of '" s4. k. 3stiate the ean onthly flow and ."5 reliable flow fro
this catchent# if predicted ."5 -pril flow is '"5 of -pril ean onthly flow. @I;
nonAdiensional regional hydrographs for ean onthly and ."5 reliable flow of the
region are given below%
?low#
3
,sB@onth Can ?eb @ar -pr @ay Cun Cul -ug Sep Dct 7ov Dec
@ean onthly 2.'2 &..2 &.3/ &."" ".2& 2.13 &&.2& &3.2' &"."" /.52 '.55 3.33
."5 reliable 2.3. &.11 &.35 &."" &.". 2.23 /.&5 &3..5 &".11 /.5' '.'2 3.21
'1. 9ist out the ain probles that the irrigation systes are facing in the hills of
7epal. -lso ention their respective solutions.
'.. Design a steel rack for a botto rack intake of HIS. ?low rate upstrea of the rack
( '"" lps) flow rate downstrea of the rack ( 2"" lps) rack opening ( &5 ) bar
diaeter ( 3" ) plugging coefficient ( "."2. !ake E
d
( ".5.
'2. 0hat are the designAprinciples of a settling basin? 9ist out the physical features
needed to fulfill the design re4uireents of a settling basin.
5". Ealculate ."5 reliable -pril flow for an ungauged catchent - using the data of
Hydrologically Siilar Eatchent 8. - has ean -pril flow e4ual to 2.5
3
,s fro '
years of easureent. 8 has ean -pril flow for the sae 'Ayear period e4ual to
3.2
3
,s. !he long ter ean -pril flow and standard deviation for 8 is e4ual to 3./

3
,s and &.22 respectively.
5&. 0hy escape structures are needed in HIS? Describe about fully autoatic escape
used in HIS with sketch.
52. Deterine half onthly values fro ."5 reliable onthly rainfall data <> for &2
onths.
Can ?eb @ar -pr @ay Cun Cul -ug Sep Dct 7ov Dec
2 &/ 2" 32 /' &5" 32" 22" &2" '" &2 &"
53. 0rite short notes on any four of the following%
a> 7eed of drainage in HIS
b> Seeding
c> 9evel crossings in HIS
d> Distribution bo$es
e> Suitable types of canal lining for HIS
5'. 0rite short notes on%
a> Saacho
b> 3scapes in HIS
c> ;articipatory approach
55. Design a bank intake for a canal with design discharge of 5"" lps. 7oinal trap
velocity for sedient is ".&5 ,s# upstrea orifice velocity ( ".25 ,s# outlet gate
velocity ( ". / ,s# sill velocity ( ".&5 ,s. @iniu level of river ( 2&# full supply
level of canal ( 2"# bed level of canal ( .2.2. -ssue e$tra flow in the canal at
the tie of flood ( 3"5 and depth of flow at this tie ( &.".
5/. 0hat are the ain characteristics of hill irrigation systes? Describe briefly.
51. Discuss about alternative ethods of hill irrigation suitable for reote hills of
7epal.
5.. Describe with neat sketches# the layout patterns of distribution systes
appropriate to hill irrigation canals.
52. 9ist the types of canal lining. 0hich types are ore suitable for hilly canals?
/". Describe about the types of land oveent in hills.
/&. 0hat can go wrong with a4ueducts and what are the preventive easures for that?
2"/" 8hadra
How drop structures can be used to control erosion and water level of
canal in HIS? Illustrate your answer with neat sketches. F.G
Design a cascade drop to lower the water level in the canal by 2.5 .
!he canal is carrying a discharge of 25" lps# having bed width 5"c.
!he e$isting ground slope at the drop is 2%&. F.G
Describe about the basic coponents of a botto rack intake. F/G
Design a settling basin for a HIS having poor intake site. Design
discharge ( '5" lps) si*e of silt to be trapped ( ".5. !ake +,-s (
"."&. and critical botto velocity ( ".25 ,s. -ssue scour velocity
for flushing ( &..5 ,s. F&"G
0hat are the precautionary easures for inii*ing sedient entry
into irrigation canals? 0hich ethods of sedient control are ore
appropriate and cost effective in reote hill irrigation systes? F&"G
Deterine the storage volue of a gravel trap having a discharge of
/"" lps and a$iu sedient concentration of &.5 kg,
3
. -ssue
that the gravel is trapped at a rate of & kg,
3
of flow# having bulk
density of &.2 t,
3
. !he gravel trap should be cleaned in every ten
days. F/G
Describe about the types of drainage crossings used in HIS. 0hich of
the is ost suitable in reote hills and e$plain why? F.G
3stiate concentration of sedient by ass during onsoon in the
absence of local data for a catchent of 3.& s4. k. -ssue density
of sedient e4ual to 2t,
3
and the river transports 1"5 of the annual
sedient load in 3 onths of the onsoon with an average discharge
of 2
3
,sec. F&"G
6ive stepwise procedure for designing the distribution layout for a
new hill irrigation syste. F.G
Define the rate of a sprinkler application for a crop having root depth
& and 3!
crop
e4ual to 3.5 ,day. !he sprinklers are decided to be
operated half day. -ssue that the e$tractable water fro the given
soil condition is ".25 fraction. F.G
0rite short notes on any four of the following. F'H'G
a> !he iddle ountains faring syste of 7epal
b> 8rush atting
c> 9ocation of 3scapes in HIS
d> Institutional Developent of 0:-s
e> ;rocess of soil erosion
2"/" @agh
Describe about the use and advantages of gabion construction in
reote hill areas. F.G
Design a chute for HIS. !he canal has a discharge of 5"" lps having
bed width ".. and water depth "./5 . !he ground slope at the drop
is about &%2 <=%H> and the canal is decided to be dropped by 2 . F.G
0hat are the ain factors influencing the design of siple bank
intakes? F/G
?low easureent ade on &
st
-pril on a river strea was '"" lps#
drained fro a catchent of '" s4. k. 3stiate the ean onthly
flow and ."5 reliable flow fro this catchent# if predicted ."5
-pril flow is '"5 of -pril ean onthly flow. @I; nonAdiensional
regional hydrographs for ean onthly and ."5 reliable flow of the
region are given below% F&"G
?low#
3
,sB@onth Can ?eb @ar -pr @ay Cun Cul -ug Sep Dct 7ov Dec
@ean onthly 2.'2 &..2 &.3/ &."" ".2& 2.13 &&.2& &3.2' &"."" /.52 '.55 3.33
."5 reliable 2.3. &.11 &.35 &."" &.". 2.23 /.&5 &3..5 &".11 /.5' '.'2 3.21
9ist out the ain probles that the irrigation systes are facing in
the hills of 7epal. -lso ention their respective solutions. F&"G
Design a steel rack for a botto rack intake of HIS. ?low rate
upstrea of the rack ( '"" lps) flow rate downstrea of the rack
( 2"" lps) rack opening ( &5 ) bar diaeter ( 3" ) plugging
coefficient ( "."2. !ake E
d
( ".5. F/G
0hat are the designAprinciples of a settling basin? 9ist out the
physical features needed to fulfill the design re4uireents of a
settling basin. F&"G
Ealculate ."5 reliable -pril flow for an ungauged catchent -
using the data of Hydrologically Siilar Eatchent 8. - has ean
-pril flow e4ual to 2.5
3
,s fro ' years of easureent. 8 has
ean -pril flow for the sae 'Ayear period e4ual to 3.2
3
,s. !he
long ter ean -pril flow and standard deviation for 8 is e4ual to
3./
3
,s and &.22 respectively. F/G
0hy escape structures are needed in HIS? Describe about fully
autoatic escape used in HIS with sketch. F.G
Deterine half onthly values fro ."5 reliable onthly rainfall
data <> for &2 onths. F.G
Can ?eb @ar -pr @ay Cun Cul -ug Sep Dct 7ov Dec
2 &/ 2" 32 /' &5" 32" 22" &2" '" &2 &"
0rite short notes on any four of the following% F'H'G
f> 7eed of drainage in HIS
g> Seeding
h> 9evel crossings in HIS
i> Distribution bo$es
I> Suitable types of canal lining for HIS
2"52 Shrawan
0rite short notes on% F5H3G
d> Saacho
e> 3scapes in HIS
f> ;articipatory approach
Design a bank intake for a canal with design discharge of 5"" lps.
7oinal trap velocity for sedient is ".&5 ,s# upstrea orifice
velocity ( ".25 ,s# outlet gate velocity ( ". / ,s# sill velocity (
".&5 ,s. @iniu level of river ( 2&# full supply level of canal (
2"# bed level of canal ( .2.2. -ssue e$tra flow in the canal at
the tie of flood ( 3"5 and depth of flow at this tie ( &.". F&5G
0hat are the ain characteristics of hill irrigation systes?
Describe briefly. F&"G
Discuss about alternative ethods of hill irrigation suitable for
reote hills of 7epal. F&"G
Describe with neat sketches# the layout patterns of distribution
systes appropriate to hill irrigation canals. F&"G
9ist the types of canal lining. 0hich types are ore suitable for
hilly canals? F&"G
Describe about the types of land oveent in hills. F&"G
0hat can go wrong with a4ueducts and what are the preventive
easures for that? F&"G