The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet).

It has 14 digital
input/output pins (o !hich " can be used as #$% outputs)& " analog inputs& a 1" %'( cr)stal oscillator& a
U*+ connection& a po!er ,ac-& an I.*# header& and a reset button. It contains e/er)thing needed to
support the microcontroller0 simpl) connect it to a computer !ith a U*+ cable or po!er it !ith a A.1to12.
adapter or batter) to get started. The Uno diers rom all preceding boards in that it does not use the 3T2I
U*+1to1serial dri/er chip. Instead& it eatures the Atmega8U2 programmed as a U*+1to1serial con/erter.
4Uno4 means one in Italian and is named to mar- the upcoming release o Arduino 1.5. The Uno and /ersion
1.5 !ill be the reerence /ersions o Arduno& mo/ing or!ard. The Uno is the latest in a series o U*+
Arduino boards& and the reerence model or the Arduino platorm0 or a comparison !ith pre/ious /ersions&
see the inde6 o Arduino boards.
7A897 iles: arduino-duemilanove-uno-design.zip *chematic: arduino-uno-schematic.pdf
%icrocontroller ATmega328
;perating <oltage =<
Input <oltage (recommended) >112<
Input <oltage (limits) "125<
2igital I/; #ins 14 (o !hich " pro/ide #$% output)
Analog Input #ins "
2. .urrent per I/; #in 45 mA
2. .urrent or 3.3< #in =5 mA
3lash %emor)
32 ?+ o !hich 5.= ?+ used b)
bootloader
*@A% 2 ?+
77#@;% 1 ?+
.loc- *peed 1" %'(
The Arduino Uno can be po!ered /ia the U*+ connection or !ith an e6ternal po!er suppl). The po!er
source is selected automaticall).
76ternal (non1U*+) po!er can come either rom an A.1to12. adapter (!all1!art) or batter). The adapter
can be connected b) plugging a 2.1mm center1positi/e plug into the boardAs po!er ,ac-. 9eads rom a
batter) can be inserted in the 8nd and <in pin headers o the #;$7@ connector.
The board can operate on an e6ternal suppl) o " to 25 /olts. I supplied !ith less than ><& ho!e/er& the =<
pin ma) suppl) less than i/e /olts and the board ma) be unstable. I using more than 12<& the /oltage
regulator ma) o/erheat and damage the board. The recommended range is > to 12 /olts.
The po!er pins are as ollo!s:
VIN. The input /oltage to the Arduino board !hen itAs using an e6ternal po!er source (as opposed to
= /olts rom the U*+ connection or other regulated po!er source). Bou can suppl) /oltage through
this pin& or& i suppl)ing /oltage /ia the po!er ,ac-& access it through this pin.
5V. The regulated po!er suppl) used to po!er the microcontroller and other components on the
board. This can come either rom <IC /ia an on1board regulator& or be supplied b) U*+ or another
regulated =< suppl).
3V3. A 3.3 /olt suppl) generated b) the on1board regulator. %a6imum current dra! is =5 mA.
GND. 8round pins.
The Atmega328 has 32 ?+ o lash memor) or storing code (o !hich 5&= ?+ is used or the bootloader)0 It
has also 2 ?+ o *@A% and 1 ?+ o 77#@;% (!hich can be read and !ritten !ith the 77#@;% librar)).
7ach o the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output& using pin%ode()& digital$rite()& and
digital@ead() unctions. The) operate at = /olts. 7ach pin can pro/ide or recei/e a ma6imum o 45 mA and
has an internal pull1up resistor (disconnected b) deault) o 251=5 -;hms. In addition& some pins ha/e
speciali(ed unctions:
Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to recei/e (@D) and transmit (TD) TT9 serial data. TThese pins are
connected to the corresponding pins o the ATmega8U2 U*+1to1TT9 *erial chip .
External Interrupts: and 3. These pins can be conigured to trigger an interrupt on a lo! /alue& a
rising or alling edge& or a change in /alue. *ee the attachInterrupt() unction or details.
!"#: 3$ 5$ %$ &$ 10$ and 11. #ro/ide 81bit #$% output !ith the analog$rite() unction.
S!I: 10 (SS)$ 11 (#'SI)$ 1 (#IS')$ 13 (S()). These pins support *#I communication& !hich&
although pro/ided b) the underl)ing hard!are& is not currentl) included in the Arduino language.
*ED: 13. There is a built1in 972 connected to digital pin 13. $hen the pin is 'I8' /alue& the 972 is
on& !hen the pin is 9;$& itAs o.
The Uno has " analog inputs& each o !hich pro/ide 15 bits o resolution (i.e. 1524 dierent /alues). +)
deault the) measure rom ground to = /olts& though is it possible to change the upper end o their range
using the A@73 pin and the analog@eerence() unction. Additionall)& some pins ha/e speciali(ed
unctionalit):
I

(: + (SD,) and 5 (S(*). *upport I

2
. (T$I) communication using the $ire librar).
There are a couple o other pins on the board:
,RE-. @eerence /oltage or the analog inputs. Used !ith analog@eerence().
Reset. +ring this line 9;$ to reset the microcontroller. T)picall) used to add a reset button to
shields !hich bloc- the one on the board.
*ee also the mapping bet!een Arduino pins and Atmega328 ports.
The Arduino Uno has a number o acilities or communicating !ith a computer& another Arduino& or other
microcontrollers. The ATmega328 pro/ides UA@T TT9 (=<) serial communication& !hich is a/ailable on
digital pins 5 (@D) and 1 (TD). An ATmega8U2 on the board channels this serial communication o/er U*+
and appears as a /irtual com port to sot!are on the computer. The A8U2 irm!are uses the standard U*+
.;% dri/ers& and no e6ternal dri/er is needed. 'o!e/er& on $indo!s& an E.in ile is reFuired..
The Arduino sot!are includes a serial monitor !hich allo!s simple te6tual data to be sent to and rom the
Arduino board. The @D and TD 972s on the board !ill lash !hen data is being transmitted /ia the U*+1to1
serial chip and U*+ connection to the computer (but not or serial communication on pins 5 and 1).
A *ot!are*erial librar) allo!s or serial communication on an) o the UnoAs digital pins.
The ATmega328 also support I2. (T$I) and *#I communication. The Arduino sot!are includes a $ire
librar) to simpli) use o the I2. bus0 see the documentation or details. To use the *#I communication&
please see the ATmega328 datasheet.
The Arduino Uno can be programmed !ith the Arduino sot!are (do!nload). *elect 4Arduino Uno !/
ATmega3284 rom the T..ls / 0.ard menu (according to the microcontroller on )our board). 3or details&
see the reerence and tutorials.
The ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes preburned !ith a bootloader that allo!s )ou to upload ne! code
to it !ithout the use o an e6ternal hard!are programmer. It communicates using the original *T?=55
protocol (reerence& . header iles).
Bou can also b)pass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the I.*# (In1.ircuit *erial
#rogramming) header0 see these instructions or details.
The ATmega8U2 irm!are source code is a/ailable . The ATmega8U2 is loaded !ith a 23U bootloader&
!hich can be acti/ated b) connecting the solder ,umper on the bac- o the board (near the map o Ital)) and
then resetting the 8U2. Bou can then use AtmelAs 39I# sot!are ($indo!s) or the 23U programmer (%ac
;* D and 9inu6) to load a ne! irm!are. ;r )ou can use the I*# header !ith an e6ternal programmer
(o/er!riting the 23U bootloader).
@ather than reFuiring a ph)sical press o the reset button beore an upload& the Arduino Uno is designed in a
!a) that allo!s it to be reset b) sot!are running on a connected computer. ;ne o the hard!are lo! control
lines (2T@) o the ATmega8U2 is connected to the reset line o the ATmega328 /ia a 155 nanoarad
capacitor. $hen this line is asserted (ta-en lo!)& the reset line drops long enough to reset the chip. The
Arduino sot!are uses this capabilit) to allo! )ou to upload code b) simpl) pressing the upload button in the
Arduino en/ironment. This means that the bootloader can ha/e a shorter timeout& as the lo!ering o 2T@
can be !ell1coordinated !ith the start o the upload.
This setup has other implications. $hen the Uno is connected to either a computer running %ac ;* D or
9inu6& it resets each time a connection is made to it rom sot!are (/ia U*+). 3or the ollo!ing hal1second or
so& the bootloader is running on the Uno. $hile it is programmed to ignore malormed data (i.e. an)thing
besides an upload o ne! code)& it !ill intercept the irst e! b)tes o data sent to the board ater a
connection is opened. I a s-etch running on the board recei/es one1time coniguration or other data !hen it
irst starts& ma-e sure that the sot!are !ith !hich it communicates !aits a second ater opening the
connection and beore sending this data.
The Uno contains a trace that can be cut to disable the auto1reset. The pads on either side o the trace can
be soldered together to re1enable it. ItAs labeled 4@7*7T17C4. Bou ma) also be able to disable the auto1reset
b) connecting a 115 ohm resistor rom =< to the reset line0 see this orum thread or details.
The Arduino Uno has a resettable pol)use that protects )our computerAs U*+ ports rom shorts and
o/ercurrent. Although most computers pro/ide their o!n internal protection& the use pro/ides an e6tra la)er
o protection. I more than =55 mA is applied to the U*+ port& the use !ill automaticall) brea- the connection
until the short or o/erload is remo/ed.
The ma6imum length and !idth o the Uno #.+ are 2.> and 2.1 inches respecti/el)& !ith the U*+ connector
and po!er ,ac- e6tending be)ond the ormer dimension. Three scre! holes allo! the board to be attached to
a surace or case. Cote that the distance bet!een digital pins > and 8 is 1"5 mil (5.1"4)& not an e/en multiple
o the 155 mil spacing o the other pins.
Arduino can sense the en/ironment b) recei/ing input rom a /ariet) o sensors and can aect its
surroundings b) controlling lights& motors& and other actuators. The microcontroller on the board is
programmed using the Arduino programming language (based on $iring) and the Arduino
de/elopment en/ironment (based on #rocessing). Arduino pro,ects can be stand1alone or the) can
communicate !ith sot!are on running on a computer (e.g. 3lash& #rocessing& %a6%*#).
Arduino is a cross1platoorm program. BouGll ha/e to ollo! dierent instructions or )our personal
;*. .hec- on the Arduino site or the latest instructions. http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage
;nce )ou ha/e do!nloaded/un(ipped the arduino I27& )ou can #lug the Arduino to )our #. /ia U*+ cable.
Co! )ouGre actuall) read) to HburnI )our
irst program on the arduino board. To
select Hblin- ledI& the ph)sical translation
o the !ell -no!n programming Hhello
!orldI& select
-ile/S1et234..1/
,rduin.50016/Exa7ples/
Di8ital/0lin1
;nce )ou ha/e )our s-ecth )ouGll
see something /er) close to the
screenshot on the right.
In T..ls/0.ard select
Co! )ou ha/e to go to
T..ls/Serial!.rt
and select the right serial port& the
one arduino is attached to.
1. "arranties
1.1 The producer !arrants that its products !ill conorm to the *peciications. This !arrant) lasts or one (1) )ears rom the date o the sale. The
producer shall not be liable or an) deects that are caused b) neglect& misuse or mistreatment b) the .ustomer& including improper installation or testing&
or or an) products that ha/e been altered or modiied in an) !a) b) a .ustomer. %oreo/er& The producer shall not be liable or an) deects that result rom
.ustomerAs design& speciications or instructions or such products. Testing and other Fualit) control techniFues are used to the e6tent the producer deems
necessar).
1.2 I an) products ail to conorm to the !arrant) set orth abo/e& the producerAs sole liabilit) shall be to replace such products. The producerAs liabilit)
shall be limited to products that are determined b) the producer not to conorm to such !arrant). I the producer elects to replace such products& the
producer shall ha/e a reasonable time to replacements. @eplaced products shall be !arranted or a ne! ull !arrant) period.
1.3 7D.7#T A* *7T 3;@T' A+;<7& #@;2U.T* A@7 #@;<I272 4A* I*4 AC2 4$IT' A99 3AU9T*.4 T'7 #@;2U.7@ 2I*.9AI%* A99 ;T'7@
$A@@ACTI7*& 7D#@7** ;@ I%#9I72& @78A@2IC8 #@;2U.T*& IC.9U2IC8 +UT C;T 9I%IT72 T;& ACB I%#9I72 $A@@ACTI7* ;3
%7@.'ACTA+I9ITB ;@ 3ITC7** 3;@ A #A@TI.U9A@ #U@#;*7
1.4 .ustomer agrees that prior to using an) s)stems that include the producer products& .ustomer !ill test such s)stems and the unctionalit) o the
products as used in such s)stems. The producer ma) pro/ide technical& applications or design ad/ice& Fualit) characteri(ation& reliabilit) data or other
ser/ices. .ustomer ac-no!ledges and agrees that pro/iding these ser/ices shall not e6pand or other!ise alter the producerAs !arranties& as set orth
abo/e& and no additional obligations or liabilities shall arise rom the producer pro/iding such ser/ices.
1.= The Arduino products are not authori(ed or use in saet)1critical applications !here a ailure o the product !ould reasonabl) be e6pected to cause
se/ere personal in,ur) or death. *aet)1.ritical Applications include& !ithout limitation& lie support de/ices and s)stems& eFuipment or s)stems or the
operation o nuclear acilities and !eapons s)stems. Arduino products are neither designed nor intended or use in militar) or aerospace applications or
en/ironments and or automoti/e applications or en/ironment. .ustomer ac-no!ledges and agrees that an) such use o Arduino products !hich is solel)
at the .ustomerAs ris-& and that .ustomer is solel) responsible or compliance !ith all legal and regulator) reFuirements in connection !ith such use.
1." .ustomer ac-no!ledges and agrees that it is solel) responsible or compliance !ith all legal& regulator) and saet)1related reFuirements concerning its
products and an) use o Arduino products in .ustomerAs applications& not!ithstanding an) applications1related inormation or support that ma) be
pro/ided b) the producer.
. Inde7ni9i2ati.n
The .ustomer ac-no!ledges and agrees to deend& indemni) and hold harmless the producer rom and against an) and all third1part) losses& damages&
liabilities and e6penses it incurs to the e6tent directl) caused b): (i) an actual breach b) a .ustomer o the representation and !arranties made under this
terms and conditions or (ii) the gross negligence or !illul misconduct b) the .ustomer.
3. (.nse:uential Da7a8es "ai;er
In no e/ent the producer shall be liable to the .ustomer or an) third parties or an) special& collateral& indirect& puniti/e& incidental& conseFuential or
e6emplar) damages in connection !ith or arising out o the products pro/ided hereunder& regardless o !hether the producer has been ad/ised o the
possibilit) o such damages. This section !ill sur/i/e the termination o the !arrant) period.
+. (3an8es t. spe2i9i2ati.ns
The producer ma) ma-e changes to speciications and product descriptions at an) time& !ithout notice. The .ustomer must not rel) on the absence or
characteristics o an) eatures or instructions mar-ed 4reser/ed4 or 4undeined.4 The producer reser/es these or uture deinition and shall ha/e no
responsibilit) !hatsoe/er or conlicts or incompatibilities arising rom uture changes to them. The product inormation on the $eb *ite or %aterials is
sub,ect to change !ithout notice. 2o not inali(e a design !ith this inormation.
The producer o Arduino has ,oined the Impatto JeroK
polic) o 9ie8ate.it. 3or each Arduino board produced is
created / loo-ed ater hal sFuared ?m o .osta @icaGs
orestGs.