Sheet Job Number

Job Title
Client
Calcs by Checked by Date
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com
C11
Example: Short column with axial load
05
0
1
0
0
1
5
0
150
100
50
0
X X
Y
Y
Rectangular column design by PROKON. (RecCol Ver W2.4.12 - 27 Mar 2009)
Design code : BS8110 - 1997
General design parameters:
Given:
h = 150 mm
b = 150 mm
d'x = 40 mm
d'y = 40 mm
Lo = 6.000 m
fcu = 45 MPa
fy = 450 MPa
Column design chart (X-X)
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N
-500
-400
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-200
-100
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1000

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Bending moment (kNm)
6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0%
Design chart for bending about the X-X axis:
Sheet Job Number
Job Title
Client
Calcs by Checked by Date
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com
Column design chart (Y-Y)
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N
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
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1000

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(
k
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Bending moment (kNm)
6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0%
Design chart for bending about the Y-Y axis:
Therefore:
Ac = b h = 22500.00 mm
h' = h - d'x = 110 mm
b' = b - d'y = 110 mm
Assumptions:
(1) The general conditions of clause 3.8.1 are applicable.
(2) The section is symmetrically reinforced.
(3) The specified design axial loads include the self-weight of the column.
(4) The design axial loads are taken constant over the height of the column.
Design approach:
The column is designed using an iterative procedure:
(1) The column design charts are constructed.
(2) An area steel is chosen.
(3) The corresponding slenderness moments are calculated.
(4) The design axis and design ultimate moment is determined .
(5) The steel required for the design axial force and moment is read from
the relevant design chart.
(6) The procedure is repeated until the convergence of the area steel
about the design axis.
(7) The area steel perpendicular to the design axis is read from the relevant
design chart.
Check column slenderness:
End fixity and bracing for bending about the X-X axis:
At the top end: Condition 1 (fully fixed).
At the bottom end: Condition 1 (fully fixed).
The column is braced.
\ x = 0.75 Table 3.21
Sheet Job Number
Job Title
Client
Calcs by Checked by Date
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com
End fixity and bracing for bending about the Y-Y axis:
At the top end: Condition 1 (fully fixed).
At the bottom end: Condition 1 (fully fixed).
The column is braced.
\ y = 0.75 Table 3.21
Effective column height:
lex = x Lo = 4.500 m
ley = y Lo = 4.500 m
Check if the column is slender: 3.8.1.3
lex/h = 30.0 > 15
ley/b = 30.0 > 15
\ The column is slender.
Check slenderness limit: 3.8.1.7
Lo = 6.000 m < 60 b' = 9.000 m
\ Slenderness limit not exceeded.
Initial moments:
The initial end moments about the X-X axis:
M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 0.0 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 0.0 kNm
The initial moment near mid-height of the column : 3.8.3.2
\ Mi = -0.4M1 + 0.6M2 0.4M2 = 0.0 kNm
The initial end moments about the Y-Y axis:
M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 0.0 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 0.0 kNm
The initial moment near mid-height of the column : 3.8.3.2
\ Mi = -0.4M1 + 0.6M2 0.4M2 = 0.0 kNm
Deflection induced moments: 3.8.3.1
Design ultimate capacity of section under axial load only:
Nuz = 0.45 fcu Ac + 0.95 fy Asc = 593.3 kN
Maximum allowable stress and strain:
Allowable compression stress in steel, fsc = 0.95 fy = 391.3 MPa
Allowable tensile stress in steel, fst = 0.95 fy = 391.3 MPa
Allowable tensile strain in steel, ey = fst/Es = 0.0020 m/m
Allowable compressive strain in concrete, ec = 0.004m/m
For bending about the X-X axis:
Balanced neutral axis depth, xbal = ec/(ec+es) h' =70.6 mm
Nbal = 0.44 b fcu xbal + At/2 (fsd-fs) = 191.5 kN
K = (Nuz - N) / (Nuz - Nbal) = 0.854 < 1.0
a = (1/2000) (lex/h) = 0.450
\ Madd = N a K h = 14.4 kNm
For bending about the Y-Y axis:
Balanced neutral axis depth, xb = ec/(ec+es) b' =70.6 mm
Nbal = 0.44 h fcu xbal + At/2 (fsd-fs) = 191.5 kN
K = (Nuz - N) / (Nuz - Nbal) = 0.854 < 1.0
a = (1/2000) (ley/b) = 0.450
\ Madd = N a K b = 14.4 kNm
Sheet Job Number
Job Title
Client
Calcs by Checked by Date
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com
Design ultimate load and moment:
Design axial load:
P
u
= 250.0 kN
For bending about the X-X axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of: 3.8.3.2
(a) M2 = 0.0 kNm
(b) Mi + Madd = 14.4 kNm
(c) M1 + Madd/2 = 7.2 kNm
(d) emin N = 1.9 kNm
\ Mx = 14.4 kNm
Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the X-X:
At the top, Mx = 7.2 kNm
Near mid-height, Mx = 14.4 kNm
At the bottom, Mx = 7.2 kNm
Mxadd/2=7.2 kNm
Mxadd/2=7.2 kNm
M
x
a
d
d
=
1
4
.
4

k
N
m
Mxtop=0.0 kNm
Mxbot=0.0 kNm
Moments about X-X axis( kNm)
Initial Additional Design
Mx=14.4 kNm
Mxmin=1.9 kNm
+ =
For bending about the Y-Y axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of: 3.8.3.2
(a) M2 = 0.0 kNm
(b) Mi + Madd = 14.4 kNm
(c) M1 + Madd/2 = 7.2 kNm
(d) emin N = 1.9 kNm
\ My = 14.4 kNm
Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the Y-Y:
At the top, My = 7.2 kNm
Near mid-height, My = 14.4 kNm
At the bottom, My = 7.2 kNm
Myadd/2=7.2 kNm
Myadd/2=7.2 kNm
M
y
a
d
d
=
1
4
.
4

k
N
m
Mytop=0.0 kNm
Mybot=0.0 kNm
Moments about Y-Y axis( kNm)
Initial Additional Design
My=14.4 kNm
Mymin=1.9 kNm
+ =
Sheet Job Number
Job Title
Client
Calcs by Checked by Date
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com
Check for miminum eccentricity: 3.8.2.4
For bi-axial bending, it is only necessary to ensure that the eccentricity
excceeds the minimum about one axis at a time.
For the worst effect, apply the minimum eccentricity about the minor axis:
\ Mmin = 1.9 kNm about the Y-Y axis.
Design of column section for ULS:
Through inspection:
The critical section lies near mid-height of the column.
The column is bi-axially bent. The moments are added vectorially
to obtain the design moment:
For bending about the design axis - use the X-axis:
Column design chart (X-X)
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-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
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1000

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(
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Bending moment (kNm)
6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0%
Summary of design calculations:
Design results for all load cases:
Load case Axis N (kN) M1 (kNm) M2 (kNm) Mi (kNm) Madd (kNm) Design M (kNm) M' (kNm) Asc (mm)
1
X-X
Y-Y
250.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.4
14.4
X-X
Middle
14.4
14.4
24.7
1305 (5.80%)
521 (2.31%)