UNIT 2

1

1. Grammar:
Simple Past / Past Continuous
.
Last night, while I was doing my homework, Angela (call) . She said she
(call) me on her cell phone from her biology classroom at UCLA. I asked her
if she (wait) for class, but she said that the professor was at the front of the
hall lecturing while she (talk) to me. I couldn't believe she
(make) a phone call during the lecture. I asked what was going on.

She said her biology professor was so boring that several of the students (sleep,
actually) in class. Some of the students (talk) about
their plans for the weekend and the student next to her (draw) a picture of a
horse. When Angela (tell) me she was not satisfied with the class, I
(mention) that my biology professor was quite good and
(suggest) that she switch to my class.

While we were talking, I (hear) her professor yell, "Miss, are you making a
phone call?" Suddenly, the line went dead. I (hang) up the phone and went
to the kitchen to make dinner. As I (cut) vegetables for a salad, the phone
rang once again. It (be) Angela, but this time she wasn't sitting in class.
Simple Past / Present Perfect

UNIT 2

2

1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?"
B: I don't know. I (see, never) that movie.

2. Sam (arrive) in San Diego a week ago.

3. My best friend and I (know) each other for over fifteen years. We still get
together once a week.

4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write) ten very creative short stories in
the last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway.

5. I (have, not) this much fun since I (be) a kid.

6. Things (change) a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first
(start) working here three years ago, the company (have,
only) six employees. Since then, we (expand) to include more
than 2000 full-time workers.

7. I (tell) him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he
(wander) off into the forest and (be) bitten by a snake.

8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss) the bus this morning. You
(be) late to work too many times. You are fired!
UNIT 2

3


9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (see,
never) the ocean. He should come with us to Miami.

10. How sad! George (dream) of going to California before he died, but he
didn't make it. He (see, never) the ocean.

11. In the last hundred years, traveling (become) much easier and very
comfortable. In the 19th century, it (take) two or three months to cross
North America by covered wagon. The trip (be) very rough and often
dangerous. Things (change) a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years.
Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.

12. Jonny, I can't believe how much you (change) since the last time I
(see) you. You (grow) at least a foot!

13. This tree (be) planted by the settlers who (found) our city
over four hundred years ago.

14. This mountain (be, never) climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers
(try) to reach the top, but nobody (succeed, ever) . The
climb is extremely difficult and many people (die) trying to reach the
summit.
UNIT 2

4


15. I (visit, never) Africa, but I (travel) to South America
several times. The last time I (go) to South America, I
(visit) Brazil and Peru. I (spend) two weeks in the Amazon,
(hike) for a week near Machu Picchu, and (fly) over the Nazca
Lines.
Simple Past / Present Perfect
Since computers were first introduced to the public in the early 1980's, technology
(change) a great deal. The first computers (be) simple
machines designed for basic tasks. They (have, not) much memory and they
(be, not) very powerful. Early computers were often quite expensive and
customers often (pay) thousands of dollars for machines which actually
(do) very little. Most computers (be) separate individual
machines used mostly as expensive typewriters or for playing games.

Simple Past / Past Perfect
I can't believe I (get) that apartment. I (submit) my
application last week, but I didn't think I had a chance of actually getting it. When I
(show) up to take a look around, there were at least twenty other people
who (arrive) before me. Most of them (fill, already) out
their applications and were already leaving. The landlord said I could still apply, so I did.

I (try) to fill out the form, but I couldn't answer half of the questions. They
(want) me to include references, but I didn't want to list my previous
landlord because I (have) some problems with him in the past and I knew
UNIT 2

5

he wouldn't recommend me. I (end) up listing my father as a reference.

It was total luck that he (decide) to give me the apartment. It turns out that
the landlord and my father (go) to high school together. He decided that I
could have the apartment before he (look) at my credit report. I really
lucked out!

Times (change) . Computers (become) powerful machines
with very practical applications. Programmers (create) a large selection of
useful programs which do everything from teaching foreign languages to bookkeeping. We
are still playing video games, but today's games (become) faster, more
exciting interactive adventures. Many computer users (get, also) on the
Internet and (begin) communicating with other computer users around the
world. We (start) to create international communities online. In short, the
simple, individual machines of the past (evolve) into an international World
Wide Web of knowledge.

Simple Past / Present Perfect / Past Perfect
1. When I (arrive) home last night, I discovered that Jane
(prepare) a beautiful candlelight dinner.

UNIT 2

6

2. Since I began acting, I (perform) in two plays, a television commercial and
a TV drama. However, I (speak, never even) publicly before I came
to Hollywood in 1985.

3. By the time I got to the office, the meeting (begin, already) without me.
My boss (be) furious with me and I (be) fired.

4. When I (turn) the radio on yesterday, I (hear) a song that
was popular when I was in high school. I (hear, not) the song in years, and it
(bring) back some great memories.

5. Last week, I (run) into an ex-girlfriend of mine. We (see,
not) each other in years, and both of us (change) a great deal.
I (enjoy) talking to her so much that I (ask) her out on a date.
We are getting together tonight for dinner.

6. When Jack (enter) the room, I (recognize, not) him
because he (lose) so much weight and (grow) a beard. He
looked totally different!

7. The Maya established a very advanced civilization in the jungles of the Yucatan;
however, their culture (disappear, virtually) by the time Europeans
first (arrive) in the New World.
UNIT 2

7


8. I (visit) so many beautiful places since I (come) to Utah.
Before moving here, I (hear, never) of Bryce Canyon, Zion, Arches, or
Canyonlands.

Present and Past Tenses
and Non-Continuous Verbs
1.
a. Look, I (have) two tickets for the circus.
b. Look, I (hold) two tickets for the circus.

2.
a. We (be) there for more than half an hour by the time the show began.
b. We (wait) there for more than half an hour by the time the show began.

3.
a. Sam (sit) in the seat next to me when the clown threw a bucket of water
at me.
b. Sam (be) in the seat next to me when the clown threw a bucket of water
at me.

4.
a. One clown was juggling while he (balance) a glass of wine on his head.
b. One clown was juggling while he (have) a glass of wine on his head.
UNIT 2

8


5.
a. I (love) the circus ever since I was a child.
b. I (go) to the circus ever since I was a child.

6.
a. Right now, I (see) two elephants doing tricks in the ring.
b. Right now, I (look) at two elephants doing tricks in the ring.
Present and Past Tense Review
Lars: Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
Tony: We (wait) for the new Stars Wars movie. In fact, we
(wait) here for more than five hours.

Lars: Five hours? When did you arrive?

Tony: We (get) here at 6:00 o'clock this morning. More than forty people
(stand, already) here waiting for tickets when we arrived.

Lars: I can't believe that! Are you serious?

Tony: Yeah, people (take) Star Wars movies seriously. In fact, this particular
showing has been sold out for over a week. We (wait, just) in line to get a
good seat in the theater.
UNIT 2

9


Lars: When did you buy your tickets?

Tony: I (buy) them last week by phone. I (know) tickets
would be hard to get because I (see) a news interview with a group of
people standing in line to get tickets. They (wait) in line for almost a
month to buy tickets for the first showing.

Lars: I don't believe that!

Tony: It's true. They (camp) out in front of Mann's Chinese Theater in Los
Angeles for about a month because they (want) to be the first people to see
the movie.


LOS SUSTANTIVOS CONTABLES E INCONTABLES.


List of Common Uncountable Nouns
advice
air
alcohol
art
beef
blood
butter
cheese
chewing gum
chocolate
coffee
confusion
cotton
education
electricity
entertainment
experience
fiction
flour
food
forgiveness
UNIT 2

10

fresh air
furniture
gold
grass
ground
happiness
history
homework
honey
hope
ice
information
jam
juice
knowledge
lamb
lightning
literature
love
luck
luggage
meat
milk
mist
money
music
news
noise
oil
oxygen
paper
patience
pay
peace
peanut butter
pepper
petrol
plastic
pork
power
pressure
rain
rice
sadness
salt
sand
shopping
silver
snow
space
speed
steam
sugar
sunshine
tea
tennis
time
toothpaste
traffic
trousers
vinegar
washing up
washing up liquid
water
weather
wine
wood
wool
work











UNIT 2

11

Recuerda que, en ingls, los nombres incontables se "comportan" como sustantivos en
singular, de ah que una oracin como la siguiente (con el verbo en 3 persona de
singular) sea correcta:

- This news has made my day (esta noticia me ha alegrado el da)

Sin embargo, no se utiliza "a" o "an" antes de sustantivos incontables, sino "some" (en
oraciones afirmativas) o "any" (en negativas e interrogativas)...

- Give some advice! (dame algn consejo!)

- I haven't got any money (no tengo dinero)


COUNT or NON-COUNT NOUNS
1. I have _____ courage than you.
a. less
b. fewer

2. He doesn't have _____ strength.
a. much
b. many
3. _____ of the new immigrants to Los
Angeles come from Mexico.
a. Many
b. Much

4. There is _____ immigration to Canada
now than there used to be.
a. less
b. fewer
5. I only know _____ people in this city.
a. a little
b. a few

6. Hey! I asked for _____ donut and you gave
me a muffin!
a. a
b. some
7. In the past month, we have noticed _____
progress in your ability to speak.
a. many
b. much
8. He left _____ of his clothing at his
girlfriend's house.
a. some
b. a coupleWow, there's so _____ grass in
your yard!
a. much
b. many_____ of the students come from
abroad.
a. Much
b. Many

1. I went to the tourist office to get
_____ information.
a. a few
b. a little
2. Kids today spend so _____ time on
the internet!
a. much
b. many
3. He has a good job and makes a
large _____ of money.
a. amount
b. number
4. Hurry up! I don't have _____ time!
a. much
b. many
5. I only know _____ people in this
city.
a. a little
b. a few
6. Mary always tells me that she
wants to have _____ children.
a. much
b. many
7. There are _____ things that I want
to say to you.
a. so many
b. so much
UNIT 2

12

8. I would like _____ time to think
about this.
a. a little
b. a few
9. I would like _____ banana.
a. some
b. a







.
1. I have to buy a lot of _____ for my
new apartment.
a. furniture
b. furnitures
2. He brought up a lot of interesting
_____ during the lecture.
a. point
b. points
3. After the party, there was a lot of
_____.
a. garbage
b. garbages
4. Thank you so much for all the
_____!
a. applause
b. applauses
5. Your _____ are due on September
15th.
a. essay
b. essays
6. I went to the market and bought
a lot of _____.
a. fruit
b. fruits
7. There are so many different type
of _____ in the world.
a. people
b. peoples
8. He has one of the most expensive
_____ on the market.
a. computer
b. computers
9. I have to cut my _____ today.
a. hair
b. hairs
10. I can't stand the _____ in this city.
a. traffic
b. traffics



.
1. I have to buy a lot of _____ for my new
apartment.
a. furniture
b. furnitures
2. He brought up a lot of interesting _____
during the lecture.
a. point
b. points
3. After the party, there was a lot of _____.
a. garbage
b. garbages
4. Thank you so much for all the _____!
a. applause
b. applauses
5. Your _____ are due on September 15th.
a. essay
b. essays
6. I went to the market and bought a lot of
_____.
a. fruit
b. fruits

7. There are so many different type of
_____ in the world.
a. people
b. peoples
8. He has one of the most expensive _____
on the market.
a. computer
b. computers
9. I have to cut my _____ today.
a. hair
b. hairs
UNIT 2

13

10. I can't stand the _____ in this city.
a. traffic
b. traffics








1. What kind of _____ do you want to
talk about?
a. thing
b. things
2. What kind of _____ would you like
me to buy?
a. milk
b. milks
3. I ate many kinds of _____
yesterday.
a. cheese
b. cheeses
4. Do you have some _____ for me?
a. information
b. informations
5. I had many horrifying _____ during
my travels in Haiti.
a. experience
b. experiences
6. Do you know all the _____ of the
world?
a. capital
b. capitals
7. He had a lot of _____ in him.
a. anger
b. angers
8. P1: What did you buy? P2: I
bought some _____.
a. orange
b. oranges
9. I have to buy some apples and
some _____.
a. rice
b. rices
10. I left my _____ at the airport.
a. luggage
b. luggages

2. VOCABULARY: COMMONLY CONFUSED WORDS


1. He was ___ unprepared for the warm
reception that her family gave him.
a. holy
b. wholly
2. He was a ___ enough fellow even if he was
not wealthy.
a. decent
b. descent
c. dissent
3. He was a ___ killer.
a. cereal
b. serial
4. He was in a ___ after she broke up with him.
a. days
b. daze
5. He was in high ___ because he was so
unfairly treated.
a. dudgeon
b. dungeon
6. He was promoted to ___ in the army.
a. colonel
b. kernel
7. He was released from jail after he posted
$50,000 ___.
a. bail
b. bale
8. He was so cold that his lips turned ___.
a. blew
b. blue
9. He wrote an ___ that compared his brother
and father's appearance.
a. assay
b. essay
10. Her face turned as red as a ___.
a. beat
b. beet
11. Her novels regularly ___ the depths of
human despair.
UNIT 2

14

a. plum
b. plumb
12. Her skirt was the color of ___.
a. done
b. dun
13. Herbert was a ___ old bachelor until he met
Molly.
a. staid
b. stayed
14. His ___ attention was focussed on the film.
a. rapt
b. wrapped
15. His behavior is ___ boorish and rude.
a. altogether
b. all together
16. His military rank carries some ___ at the
bargaining table.
a. wait
b. weight
17. Hoist the ___ and head out to sea.
a. sail
b. sale
18. How about eating a nice thick juicy ___?
a. stake
b. steak
19. How can you hope to become a professional
musician if you will not ___.
a. practice
b. practice
20. How do you get ___ from here?
a. their
b. there
c. they're
21.
How late are you ___ to stay up at night?
a. aloud
b. allowed
22. How much did you ___ during the
summer?
a. urn
b. earn
23. I ___ you not to drink and drive.
a. advice
b. advise
24. I ___ all about it in the morning
newspaper.
a. read
b. red
25. I ___ her a letter but she did not reply.
a. rote
b. wrote
26. I ___ my right to an attorney.
a. waive
b. wave
27. I ___ that you are in good health.
a. pray
b. prey
28. I am ___ to take chemistry this term.
a. hoping
b. hopping
29. I am glad that it is over and ___ with.
a. done
b. dun
30. I am just ___ to see you!
a. dyeing
b. dying
31. I am not sure but ___ I will go.
a. maybe
b. may be
32. I am very honored to ___ you.
a. meat
b. meet
c. mete
33. I can ___ many references to support this
position.
a. cite
b. sight
c. site
34. I can hardly ___ in this smoky room!
a. breath
b. breathe
35. I can not ___ you. Speak up.
a. hear
b. here
36. I can not get that ___ stain out of your
shirt.
a. berry
b. bury
37. I cannot ___ to put on long sleeves on a
sunny day.
a. bare
b. bear
38. I did ___!
a. not
b. knot
39. I do my best to be frank and ___.
a. earnest
b. Ernest
40. I do not care ___ you stay or leave.
a. weather
b. whether



UNIT 2

15



3. READING: MULTIPLE CHOICE

The Death Car
It was a cold night in September. The rain was drumming on the car roof as George and Marie Winston drove
through the empty country roads towards the house of their friends, the Harrisons, where they were going to
attend a party to celebrate the engagement of the Harrisons' daughter, Lisa. As they drove, they listened to the
local radio station, which was playing classical music.
They were about five miles from their destination when the music on the radio was interrupted by a news
announcement:
"The Cheshire police have issued a serious warning after a man escaped from Colford Mental Hospital
earlier this evening. The man, John Downey, is a murderer who killed six people before he was captured two
years ago. He is described as large, very strong and extremely dangerous. People in the Cheshire area are
warned to keep their doors and windows locked, and to call the police immediately if they see anyone acting
strangely."
Marie shivered. "A crazy killer. And he's out there somewhere. That's scary."
"Don't worry about it," said her husband. "We're nearly there now. Anyway, we have more important things
to worry about. This car is losing power for some reason -- it must be that old problem with the carburetor. If it
gets any worse, we'll have to stay at the Harrisons' tonight and get it fixed before we travel back tomorrow."
As he spoke, the car began to slow down. George pressed the accelerator, but the engine only coughed.
Finally they rolled to a halt, as the engine died completely. Just as they stopped, George pulled the car off the
road, and it came to rest under a large tree.
"Blast!" said George angrily. "Now we'll have to walk in the rain."
"But that'll take us an hour at least," said Marie. "And I have my high-heeled shoes and my nice clothes on.
They'll be ruined!"
"Well, you'll have to wait while I run to the nearest house and call the Harrisons. Someone can come out and
pick us up," said George.
"But George! Have you forgotten what the radio said? There's a homicidal maniac out there! You can't leave
me alone here!"
"You'll have to hide in the back of the car. Lock all the doors and lie on the floor in the back, under this
blanket. No-one will see you. When I come back, I'll knock three times on the door. Then you can get up and
open it. Don't open it unless you hear three knocks." George opened the door and slipped out into the rain. He
quickly disappeared into the blackness.
Marie quickly locked the doors and settled down under the blanket in the back for a long wait. She was
frightened and worried, but she was a strong-minded woman. She had not been waiting long, however, when
she heard a strange scratching noise. It seemed to be coming from the roof of the car.
Marie was terrified. She listened, holding her breath. Then she heard three slow knocks, one after the other,
also on the roof of the car. Was it her husband? Should she open the door? Then she heard another knock, and
another. This was not her husband. It was somebody -- or something -- else. She was shaking with fear, but she
forced herself to lie still. The knocking continued -- bump, bump, bump, bump.
Many hours later, as the sun rose, she was still lying there. She had not slept for a moment. The knocking had
never stopped, all night long. She did not know what to do. Where was George? Why had he not come for her?
Suddenly, she heard the sound of three or four vehicles, racing quickly down the road. All of them pulled up
around her, their tires screeching on the road. At last! Someone had come! Marie sat up quickly and looked out
UNIT 2

16

of the window.
The three vehicles were all police cars, and two still had their lights flashing. Several policemen leapt out.
One of them rushed towards the car as Marie opened the door. He took her by the hand.
"Get out of the car and walk with me to the police vehicle. miss. You're safe now. Look straight ahead. Keep
looking at the police car. Don't look back. Just don't look back."
Something in the way he spoke filled Marie with cold horror. She could not help herself. About ten yards
from the police car, she stopped, turned and looked back at the empty vehicle.
George was hanging from the tree above the car, a rope tied around his neck. As the wind blew his body back
and forth, his feet were bumping gently on the roof of the car -- bump, bump, bump, bump.

(MDH 1994 -- From a common urban legend)
1. Where were the Winstons going when this incident happened?
A. ? home
B. ? to Colford Mental Hospital
C. ? to a party
D. ? to the police station
2. What was the reason for the news announcement on the radio?
A. ? Six people, including John Downey, had been murdered.
B. ? A dangerous prisoner had escaped.
C. ? The police were warning of accidents on the roads in the bad weather.
D. ? Some people had been seen acting strangely in the Cheshire area.
3. What did George think was causing the trouble with the car?
A. ? the carburetor
B. ? the rain drumming on the roof
C. ? the accelerator
D. ? he had no idea
4. Why did he pull the car off the road?
A. ? to have a rest
B. ? to go for a walk
C. ? to walk to the nearest house
D. ? it broke down
5. Why did Marie stay in the car when George left?
A. ? She was afraid to go out in the dark.
UNIT 2

17

B. ? So no one would steal the car.
C. ? Her clothes weren't suitable for the rain.
D. ? She wanted to get some sleep.
6. Where did George set off to walk to?
A. ? the Mental Hospital
B. ? the nearest house
C. ? the Harrisons' house
D. ? the police station
7. What made Marie so frightened as she waited in the car?
A. ? There was a strange sound coming from the roof.
B. ? She could see a man acting strangely outside the car.
C. ? Some police cars came racing down the road.
D. ? She was afraid of the rain and the dark.
8. Why did the policeman tell her not to look back when he brought her out of the car?
A. ? He didn't want her to see the body of her husband.
B. ? The killer was waiting behind her.
C. ? He wanted her to forget everything that had happened during the night.
D. ? He didn't want her to see the damage done to the car.
9. Marie says, "There's a homicidal maniac out there!" What does "homicidal maniac" mean?
A. ? terrible storm
B. ? busy road
C. ? crazy killer
D. ? policeman

10. In "Several policemen leapt out," "leapt" means
A. ? threw
B. ? jumped
C. ? shouted
D. ? drove
UNIT 2

18


Recuerda anotar todas las palabras nuevas que no conozcas, junto con su significado y su
pronunciacin.

4. Writing: transactional letters
En este enlace hay modelos de cartas formales con las frmulas tpicas

http://www.ang.pl/egzaminy/egzaminy_cambridge/fce_writing_guidelines/transactional_letter

You are keen to study English in London. Read the school advertisement and the notes from your teacher. Then
write an email to Mr Williams at the Big Ben Language School asking for details.
Language courses in London at the Big Ben School of
English
Our well-equipped school offers English language courses
in the heart of London.
The school has a friendly atmosphere and organises a full
range of sporting and social activities as well as excursions
out of London.
The school is conveniently located near the museums and
the river. Accommodation can be arranged with carefully
selected British families.
Contact Jim Williams by email (jw@bigbenschool.org.uk)
for further details.
When you write to the school make sure you find
out:
how many students there will be in the school
and in each class
what qualifications the teachers have
what resources the school has
what is included in the price
what amenities there are in the area


Email to a language school
Dear Mr Williams
I --------- your advertisement for language ------- in London and I am writing to find out more about the courses
you offer . I am thinking of attending a course for two or three weeks in August . Could you please send me
more --------- and details of prices ?
I would particularly like to know --------- students attend the school , and how many students ------ in a class . I --
--------- also like to know what -------------the school has. For example , is there a library -----------------I can study
in the evenings ?
-------------you tell me something about the staff ? Are they all qualified teachers ?
I --------------------be interested in having more details of the social and sports programme.
Are the activities included in the ------------f the course ? Could you tell me about the -----------------of
accommodation too ? Also , can you tell me -------------------t amenities there are near the school ?
For example, is there a park or cinema nearby ?
I look forward to -------------------------------- your reply
Regards ,,

5. Use of English: word formation
Para formar verbos:

-ize, (NAmE) -ise (BrE): stabilize, symbolise, etc. Generalmente se traduce como -izar. Ejemplo:
estabilizar, simbolizar

-ate: liquidate, duplicate. Generalmente se traduce como la terminacin -ar. Ejemplo: liquidar, duplicar.

UNIT 2

19

-fy: classify, simplify. Generalmente se traduce como -ficar. Ej. clasificar, simplificar, justificar, etc.

-en: fasten, shorten. (abrochar, acortar).


Para formar sustantivos:

-tion / -sion: Indica accin o el estado. Ej. complication, expansion. La mayora de las veces se traduce como -
cin / -sin: complicacin, expansin.

-er: Indica la persona que hace la accin que se describe en el verbo raz. - Painter, dancer, geographer. - pintor,
bailarn(a), gegrafo.

-ment: Indica la accin o el resultado de algo. Ej: development, punishment. - desarrollo, castigo.

-ant / -ent: Indica la persona o cosa que hace algo. Ej: assistant, student. - asistente, estudiante.

-al: Indica un proceso o estado de algo. Ej. proposal, dismissal. - propuesta, despido.

-ence / -ance: Indica accin o estado. Ej. assistance, preference - asistencia, preferencia.

-ship: Indica estado, cualidad o habilidad. Ej: friendship, citizenship - amistad, ciudadana

-dom: Indica condicin o estado. Ej: freedom - libertad

-cy: Estado o calidad de. Ej: urgency, efficiency - urgencia, eficiencia.

-ness: Estado o cualidad de. Ej: darkness, sadness - oscuridad, tristeza.


Para formar adjetivos:

-al: Indica conexin o relacin: central, political, national - central, poltico, nacional

-ent: que es o hace algo: different, excellent - diferente, excelente.

-ive: Que tiende a, que tiene la naturaleza de...: attractive, interactive - atractivo, interactivo. Suele traducirse
como la terminacin -ivo, -iva.

-ous: Que tiene la naturaleza o cualidad de..: dangerous, famous - peligroso, famoso - Suele traducirse con la
terminacin -oso, -osa.

-ful: Lleno de, teniendo las cualidades de: wonder (maravilla) + ful = wonderful (maravilloso). Beauty
(hermosura) + ful = beautiful (hermoso). Color (color) + ful = colorful = colorido.

-less: Sin algo. Ej: endless (sin fin), careless (descuidado)

-able: Que tiene la habilidad de: drinkable (bebible), countable (contable).


Para formar adverbios:

Sin duda, el ms usado y conocido de todos es -ly. Y equivale al sufijo espaol -mente. Indica la manera en que
UNIT 2

20

se hace algo.

Ejemplos:

sadly - tristemente

fortunalely - afortunadamente

quickly - rpidamente

slowly - lentamente


Tambin se da que a veces, un sufijo + ly se juntan, y forman adverbios. Fjate.

Success (sustantivo: xito)

Successful (adjetivo: exitoso)

Successfully (adverbio: exitosamente)

Wonder (sustantivo: maravilla)

Wonderful (adjetivo: maravilloso)

Wonderfully (adverbio: maravillosamente)

Origin (sustantivo: origen)

Original (adjetivo: original)

Originally (adverbio: originalmente)

En algunos casos, es posible que no podamos encontrar un verbo, o un adverbio dentro de una familia de
palabras. Y cuando te pidan encontrar trminos especficos desde una palabra, lo que debes hacer es "jugar"
con los sufijos, hasta llegar a la palabra indicada.

Por ejemplo, te piden que busques un verbo a partir de critical, sacamos el sufijo y nos queda el sustantivo
critic, y como sabemos que tenemos que buscar un verbo, le agregamos -ize, que en este caso es el sufijo
apropiado para esta familia de palabras, por lo que llegas a criticize.

---------------------------------
Q: We earn our _____ (LIVE) in America today in peaceful ______ (COMPETE) with people all across the
Earth. Profound and _____ (POWER) forces are shaking and _____ (MAKE) our world, and the urgent
question of our time is whether we can make change our friend and not our enemy. This new world has
already _____ (RICH) the lives of millions of Americans who are able to _____ (COMPETITION) and win in it.
But when most people are working harder for less, when others cannot work at all, when the cost of
health care devastates families and threatens to _____ (BANK) our enterprises, great and small, when the
fear of crime robs law abiding citizens of their _____ (FREE), and when millions of poor children cannot
even imagine the lives we are calling them to lead, we have not made change our friend.




freedom
freeing
freed
free
embank
bankrupt
banked
banking
competed
compete
competition
competing
richen
enriched
riches
enriching

made
powerless
empowering
living
livelihood
competed
compete
UNIT 2

21

making
unmaking
unmade
powerful
powered
life
lived
competition
competing
Q: `It is simply this. That Space, as our _____ (MATH) have it, is spoken of as having three
dimensions, which one may call _____ (LONG), Breadth, and _____ (THICK), and is always definable
by _____ (REFER) to three planes, each at right angles to the others. But some philosophical
people have been asking why THREE dimensions _____ (PARTICULAR) - why not another
direction at right angles to the other three?--and have even tried to construct a Four-Dimension
geometry. Professor Simon Newcomb was expounding this to the New York Mathematical
Society only a month or so ago. You know how on a flat surface, which has only two dimensions,
we can represent a figure of a three _____ (DIMENSION) solid, and _____ (SIMILAR) they think that
by models of thee dimensions they could represent one of four--if they could master the _____
(PERCEIVE) of the thing. See?'

mathematics
mathes
mathematicians
math
Long
Length
Longing
longed
Thicken
Thickness
Thickening
Thick
referred
reference
referring
refers
unparticular
particularly
particulars
particular
dimensional
dimensions
dimension
dimensionally
dissimilar
similarly
similarity
similar
perceived
perception
perspective
perceiving



Q: In the centre of the room, clamped to an upright easel, stood the full-length portrait of a young
man of _____ (ORDINARY) personal beauty, and in front of it, some little _____ (DISTANT) away, was
sitting the artist himself, Basil Hallward, whose sudden _____ (APPEAR) some years ago caused, at
the time, such public _____ (EXCITE), and gave rise to so many strange conjectures. As the painter
looked at the _____ (GRACE) and comely form he had so _____ (SKILL) mirrored in his art, a smile of
______ (PLEASE) passed across his face, and seemed about to linger there. But he _____ (SUDDEN)
started up, and, closing his eyes, placed his fingers upon the lids, as though he sought to _____
(PRISON) within his brain some curious dream from which he feared he might _____ (WAKE).

unordinary
ordinarily
extraordinary
ordinariness
distantly
distance
distanced
distancing
appearance
appearing
disappearance
disappeared
excited
excitement
unexciting
excitingly
graced
gracious
gracefully
disgracefu
skilled
skillfully
pleasant
pleasing
suddenly
sudden
prisoner
imprison
woken
waking
UNIT 2

22

skill
unskilled
unpleasant
pleasure
imprisoning
prison
awake
awaken




6. Listening.
http://www.esl-lab.com/credit/creditcardrd1.htm

7. Speaking.