Internet Assignment

Manpreet Brar

Mr. Younan

TEJ 2O0

18 March 2014

1. The Development of the Internet

a. Who developed the first internet and when? What was it called?
The company Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) to create a computer network in other words
that invented the first internet in the 1950s. The network had to connect four computers running
on four different operating systems. They called the network ARPANET and using this network,
they were able to connect to the internet.

b. Whats the difference between the World Wide Web and the Internet?
The Internet is a global interconnection of computer networks; the World Wide Web is a way to
navigate this massive network. In sailing terms, it's like comparing an ocean to a ship.

c. Who developed the protocol for the World Wide Web and when?
These rules are called protocols. The first set of protocols was collectively called the Network
Control Protocol (NCP). In 1983, ARPANET switched to the Transmission Control
Protocol and Internet Protocol suite (TCP/IP), the same set of rules the Internet follows today.

d. What happened as a result of the creation of the World Wide Web?
Using the World Wide Web, the Internet became much more accessible. Colleges and
universities began to connect to the Internet, and businesses soon followed. By 1994, Internet
commerce had become a reality.

2. Some Internet Statics

a. Which continent has the most Internet users, how many?
The continent that has the most internet users is Asia. It has 1,076,681,059 internet users.

b. Which 3 continents have the highest percentage of Internet users, how much?
The three continents that have the highest percentage of internet users are Asia, Europe and
North America. Asia has 44.8%, Europe has 21.5% and North America has 11.4%.

c. Which 3 continents have the lowest percentage of Internet users, how much?
The three continents that have the lowest percentage of internet users are Africa, Middle East and
Oceania/ Australia. Africa has 7.0% Middles East has 3.7% and Oceania/Australia has 1.0%.

d. Which 3 continents have the fastest growing Internet usage between 2000-2009?
The three continents that have the fastest growing internet usage between 2000-2009 are Africa,
Middle East and Latin America. Africa has a growing usage of 3,606.7 %, the Middle East has a
growing usage of 2,639.9 % and Latin America/ Caribbean 1,310.8 %.


Internet Assignment
e. Why do you think they are growing so much?
I think that they are growing so much because the increase use of the internet and the popular
demand by many individuals to use it to approach their daily living processes have increased
over this short period of time and the internet as become relatively popular quick resulting in
more people using it.

3. The Structure of the Internet

a. How do home and business users usually connect to the Internet?
Home and business user usually connect to the internet by the use of a modem with their ISP
providers or connecting to their NAP
The computers in our home is part of a network. People may use a modem and dial a local
number to connect to an Internet Service Provider(ISP). At work, you may be part of a local area
network (LAN), but you most likely still connect to the Internet using an ISP that your company
has contracted with. When you connect to your ISP, you become part of their network. The ISP
may then connect to a larger network and become part of their network. The Internet is simply a
network of networks. Most large communications companies have their own dedicated
backbones connecting various regions.. The amazing thing here is that there is no overall
controlling network. Instead, there are several high-level networks connecting to each other
through Network Access Points or NAPs.

b. Whats a POP refer to, include a brief description?
In each region, the company has a Point of Presence (POP). The POP is a place for local users to
access the company's network, often through a local phone number or dedicated line

c. Whats a NAP refer to, include a brief description?
high-level networks connecting to each other through Network Access Points or NAPs.

d. Whats the purpose of a router?
The routers determine where to send information from one computer to another. Routers are
specialized computers that send your messages and those of every other Internet user speeding to
their destinations along thousands of pathways

e. Whats an Internet Backbone?
The National Science Foundation (NSF) created the first high-speed backbone in 1987.
Called NSFNET, it was a T1 line that connected 170 smaller networks together and operated at
1.544 Mbps (million bits per second). IBM, MCI and Merit worked with NSF to create the
backbone and developed a T3 (45 Mbps) backbone the following year. Backbones are typically
fiber optic trunk lines. The trunk line has multiple fiber optic cables combined together to
increase the capacity. Today there are many companies that operate their own high-capacity
backbones, and all of them interconnect at various NAPs around the world. In this way, everyone
on the Internet, no matter where they are and what company they use, is able to talk to everyone
else on the planet. The entire Internet is a gigantic, sprawling agreement between companies to
intercommunicate freely.

Internet Assignment
f. Whats the id number for every node on the internet called? And give an example of
one.
Out of the almost 4.3 billion possible combinations, certain values are restricted from use as
typical IP addresses. For example, the IP address 0.0.0.0 is reserved for the default network and
the address 255.255.255.255 is used for broadcasts. The four numbers in an IP address are called
octets, because they each have eight positions when viewed in binary form. They are used to
create classes of IP addresses that can be assigned to a particular business, government or other
entity based on size and need. The octets are split into two sections: Net and Host. The Net
section always contains the first octet. It is used to identify the network that a computer belongs
to. Host (sometimes referred to as Node) identifies the actual computer on the network.

g. So whats DNS and why was it created? Give an example of a domain name.
The DNS translates Internet domain and host names to IP addresses. DNS automatically converts
the names we type in our Web browser address bar to the IP addresses of Web servers hosting
those sites. In 1983, the University of Wisconsin created the Domain Name System (DNS),
which maps text names to IP addresses automatically. An example of a domain name
is www.howstuffworks.com,.

h. So whats a URL, and what 2 parts does every URL contain?
A URL is a formatted text string used by Web browsers, email clients and other software to
identify a network resource on the Internet. Network resources are files that can be plain Web
pages, other text documents, graphics, or programs. For example, the Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) "http://www.howstuffworks.com" contains the domain name
howstuffworks.com.

i. What are protocol ports? Give an example of a port # and protocol that would always
be available on a web server.
Any server machine makes its services available using a number of ports -- one for each service
that is available on the server. For example, if a server machine is running a Web server and a
file transfer protocol (FTP) server, the Web server would typically be available on port 80, and
the FTP server would be available on port 21. Clients connect to a service at a specific IP address
and on a specific port number. Once a client has connected to a service on a particular port, it
accesses the service using a specific protocol. Protocols are often text and simply describe how
the client and server will have their conversation. Every Web server on the Internet conforms to
the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP).


4. The Main Content of the Internet - Web Pages

a. List the 4 things that make web pages work, and describe each one in a single
sentence summary.
The four things that make web pages work are the web pages itself, HTML, web browser, and
web server.
Web Pages - is a simple text file that contains not only text, but also a set of HTML tags that
describe how the text should be formatted when a browser displays it on the screen
HTML - HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. is a computer language that describes
how a page should be formatted.
Web Browser - is a computer program (also known as a software application, or simply an
application) that does two things: A Web browser knows how to go to a Web server on the
Internet Assignment
Internet and request a page, so that the browser can pull the page through the network and into
your machine.
Web Server - A Web server is a piece of computer software that can respond to a browser's
request for a page, and deliver the page to the Web browser through the Internet.

b. Give 2 examples of HTML tags and what they do
An HTML tag is a code element that tells the Web browser what to do with your text. Each tag
will appear as letters or words between a < (less than sign) and a > (greater than sign).
Example: <center><body>
To tell the Web browser to "end" doing what you just told it to do, a forward slash is used in the
closing tag:
Example: </center></body>
Any Web page you create will contain the following tags at the start of the page:
<HTML>: tells the Web browser that this is the beginning of an HTML document
<HEAD>: tells that Web browser that this is the header for the page (you'll learn later
what goes between "HEAD" tags)
<TITLE>: tells the Web browser that this is the title of the page
<BODY>: tells the Web browser that this is the beginning of the Web page content --
everything you want to say and see on your page will follow this tag.
The tags needed to end any Web page are:
</BODY>
</HTML>