Hypothesis

Accepted/Reje
cted
Data collected that
supports the
conclucion (please
add info in separate
document)
1. Germination was the biological issue for the bad
stand of plants and the origin was:
a. Bad germination in the seed at processing plant reject refer tab 1a
rejected
CONCLUCION REJECTED
b.Bad germination due bad transport/storage
management.
reject refer tab 1b
rejected
CONCLUCION
REJECTED
c. Bad germination due to toxicity effects of Syngenta
(XXXXX?) seed treatment.
reject refer tab 1c
?
CONCLUCION ?????
d.Bad germination due to toxicity effects of Bayer
(Jockey) seed treatment.
reject refer tab 1d
?(likely) (part of issue only)
CONCLUCION
?????
2. Emergency of good quality seed was the biological
issue for the bad stand of plants and the origin was:
a. Reduced vigor or hypocotyl length due to toxicity
effects of Syngenta (XXXXX?) seed treatment.
reject refer tab 2a
?
CONCLUSION ??????
b.Reduced vigor or hypocotyl length due to toxicity
effects of Bayer (Jockey) seed treatment.
refer tab 2b - further
information required
? (likely)
CONCLUCION
?????
c. Low vigor or hypocotyl length due to varietal (hybrid)
effect.
reject refer tab 2c
rejected
performance of the
hybrid in prior years
in field trials
CONCLUCION ???????
d. Low vigor or hypocotyl length due to environmental
effects from the production area (Canada). Seed lot
effect
further information
required
?
CONCLUCION
e. Interaction a x c or b x c. Or a x d or b x d
likely
3. Emergency of bad quality seed was the biological
issue for the bad stand of plants of plants and the origin
was:
covered in 2
above
a. Reduced vigor or hypocotyl length due to toxicity
effects of Syngenta (XXXXX?) seed treatment.
refer tab 3a
CONCLUCION
b.Reduced vigor or hypocotyl length due to toxicity
effects of Bayer (Jockey) seed treatment.
refer tab 3b
CONCLUSION ??????
c. Low vigor or hypocotyl length due to varietal (hybrid)
effect.
refer tab 3c - further
information required
CONCLUCION
d. Low vigor or hypocotyl length due to environmental
effects from the production area (Canada).
refer tab 3d
CONCLUSION ??????
e.Interaction a x c or b x c.
f.Presence of fungus in the seed that is not controlled
by Jockey.
reject
Seed from OS
production (untreated
& jockey treated), Aus
production (untreated
& Jockey treated) &
production from Aus
prod last season were
tested by
Government
pathologist and found
normal levels of fungi
and bacteria with no
differences in types &
levels of pathegons
between five
samples.
CONCLUSION REJECTED
4. A combination of any of the above was the reason
for the bad stand of plants.
Data needed to be collected
Responsible Location
Sue Toowoomba
Jim
Sue Toowoomba
Jim
Sue Toowoomba
Jim
We need to discuss
questions in the right
Sue Toowoomba
Jim
Need need to discuss
questions in the right
Sue Toowoomba
Jim
Need to get more clarity on
the info or extra info
Test the effect of chemical (Jockey)
on hypocotyl length and seedling
emergence on thermogradient plate
at 4 temperatures (range 10-25deg
C) using treated and untreated seed.
Assessment to include germination
count & measurement of hypocotyl
length @ 4,7 & 10 days
Sue Toowoomba
We need to treat seed with these
chemicals alone and in combination.
Based on experience of other
species we should look at
temperature /chemical interaction
or we risk missing the impact. Rate
of seed deterioration affects should
also be investigated. Ideally a dose
series would be helpful but not
essential to keep the experimental
size manageable in the first cycle. Jim
Need to get more clarity on
the info or extra info
Sue Toowoomba
We need to review in-house testing
done prior to implementation of
routine seed treatment. (GGS
records)I expect GGS would have
looked at both temperature and
dose affects. We may have moved
onto new genotypes post the
original work? JIm
We need to run test that
answers to the question in
column G. We also need to
run this trial with and
without bath chemicaks
independently.
Test hypocotyl length and seedling
emergence on thermogradient plate
at 4 temperatures (range 10-25deg
C) of Hyola 404RR Xaustralian prod
and Canadian Prod. Assessment to
include germination count &
measurement of hypocotyl length @
4,7 & 10 days
Sue Toowoomba
Jim
AGREE ON NEEDED TRIALS
Sue Toowoomba
Jim
Jim
Sue Toowoomba
Sue Toowoomba
Test hypocotyl length and seedling
emergence on thermogradient plate
at 4 temperatures (range 10-25deg
C) of Hyola 404RR and Hyola 555TT.
Assessment to include germination
count & measurement of hypocotyl
length @ 4,7 & 10 days
Sue Toowoomba
Sue Toowoomba
Sue Toowoomba
Sue Toowoomba
Comments
the germinations are acceptable on arrival from Canada in the pacseeds lab and these are consistent with OIC's done
before shipment from Canada. Germination post treatment in Toowoomba do not show any, or no significant seed
deterioration.
Only one data from Canada was presented. Although, see that germination at Australia
was OK which supports that fact that was OK in Canada also. What means the variable
"quantity per treatment (mt)"?
The germination on samples returned from WA are lower than you could reasonably expect even if the conditions
during shipment were extreme. Note that moisture on returned samples are consistent with moisture of
preshipment samples so we can infer seed moisture did not increases due to conditions during shipment. Hence any
accelerated deterioration during transport would have to be through a temperature impact. Using the published
seed deterioration equations even extreme (but possible) temperatures during shipment are insufficient to explain
the observed fall in germination. That means another factor is involved- the most likely other factor is phytotoxicity.
Given the returned samples are showing reduced germination it is more than likely the source of phytotoxicity is one
of the applied chemicals. However the reduced germination itself appears insufficient to produce the poor field
emergence, the phytotoxic effect is probably affecting more than germination and related vigour.
Very strong supportative data
the germination and vigour hypothesis can be explored in the same experiments and as germination and vigour are
related this aspect is easy to combine. Hypocotyl length can be captured in the same tests with appropriate testing
methodology
Last test was done in May 13th. When seed was planted? Before? ...if afterhow many
days? What means batches MX and JX?
The seed deterioration that occurred during shipment/ storage in WA is more than can be explained by standard
temperature and moisture driven deterioration. In addition untreated samples stored in Toowoomba deteriorated at
a rate predicted by the seed deterioration equations, whilst it did not predict seed deterioration in treated seed
stored either in Toowoomba (seed store) or shipped to WA. The chemicals appear to be the only variable to explain
this difference, but there is no direct evidence(?) to separate the two chemicals
Last test was done in May 13th. When seed was planted? Before? ...if afterhow many
days? Only two batches were treated with Jockey? All 404RR seed was terated with
Jockey + Syngenta agrochems? No 404RR untreated seed was sown?
Table 2a does not shows seed Quality info nor Vigor or hypocothyl length. How do we
know tat the seed was f good quality"?
Table 2b does not shows seed Quality info nor Vigor or hypocothyl length. How do we
know tat the seed was f good quality"?
No data is presented showing thet 404RR has same hypocotul length as any other
ccommercial material
It is at least possible if not probable that the phytoxic effect is more pronounced on some seeds in the lot than
others. This may be because of seed coat damage, thin seed coats (there is significant size variation within the lot,
larger seeds are likely to have thinner seed coats allowing the chemical to slowly enter the seed. The seed lot also
has a reasonable % of green seed. Green seed is know to be more permeable, so may allow chemical entry over time.
EXPLAIN 3B DATA. WHY SO LOW GERM DATA?
EXPLAIN 3C DATA. WHY SO LOW GERM DATA?
EXPLAIN 3B DATA. WHY SO LOW GERM DATA?
proposed testing methodologies
background:
The germination data indicates the seed was good quality before treating and immediately thereafter
Seed lot contains a high % of green and damaged seed, and seed of variable size
Jockey is know to affect hypocotyl length and to affect damaged seed more than sound seed
Green seed is known to be more permeable
Large seed is likely to have thinner seed coats and may therefore be more permeable
Germination and vigour tests post delivery to WA show significant deterioration but not sufficient to explain all of the field observations
Germination and vigour tests do not take hypocotyl length into account in seedling classification but variation for this was noted in some tests of treated seed lots. Not clear if there were 2 classes (very short and normal) or a continuum.
Germination temperature is known to profoundly affect expression of phyto toxic affects and hypocotyl length in other species.
The syngenta chemicals cruiser and maxim have not had adverse comments in literature re emergence. Opposite in case of metalaxyl and thiamethoxam, neutral for other components.
The more likely cause of the observed problems is:
Hypothesis 1:
Jockey adversely affects hypocotyl length and this results in reduced and late emergence in fields where planting depth is deeper, or there is some soil crusting, other field factors (temperature) may increase the effect
This effect is not observed in lab tests because they do not routinely take account of hypocotyl length. It is likely the effect becomes more pronounced during post treatment storage so is not observed in tests immediately after treatment.
Hypothesis 1A
Jockey adversely affects hypocotyl length of some seeds in the seed lot and this results in reduced or late emergence in fields where planting depth is deeper or there is some soil crusting. Other field factors (temperature) may increase the effect.
Hypothesis 2 and 2A
As above but Synngenta chemical is responsible
Hypothesis 3 and 3A
interaction of jockey and Syngenta cause the effect.
Testing methodology
A key field observed feature is hypocotyl length, any testing should closely examine this trait
To better manage work loads and "iron out" testing methods I suggest testing the hypotheses one at a time.
Given jockey is the prime suspect I would do it first.
chemical seed lot germination conditions
roll towels single marked row 100(?) seeds per towel
temperatures treatments to cover range above and below likely field temperatures (if field likely is 20 then range for tests would be approx 10- 30)*
10 15 20 25
nil Canada lot as delivered
" green seed
" non green
" damaged
" sound black
other seed lot
other variety**
jockey Canada lot as delivered
" green seed
" non green
" damaged
" sound black
other seed lot
other variety
(jockey treatment at recommended rate lab treated)
Collected data- hypocotyl length. (approx 5mm increments), germ abnormal etc. Pay particular note of other specific abnormalities such as stunted roots.
test duration
subject to final temps- approx same total heat units for each temp. Hence 20deg 10 days, 10 deg 20 days, 30 deg7 days
4 roll towels per treatment (total 400 seeds). Completely randomized design.
reference set of green seeds, damaged kept for future reference
* if soil temp data is unavailable use ambient(avg max,min) for 2 weeks prior and 2 weeks post plantings (or month prior and month after)
** If seed available from seed lot planted along side canadian seed in WA consider using this.
Germination and vigour tests post delivery to WA show significant deterioration but not sufficient to explain all of the field observations
Germination and vigour tests do not take hypocotyl length into account in seedling classification but variation for this was noted in some tests of treated seed lots. Not clear if there were 2 classes (very short and normal) or a continuum.
Germination temperature is known to profoundly affect expression of phyto toxic affects and hypocotyl length in other species.
The syngenta chemicals cruiser and maxim have not had adverse comments in literature re emergence. Opposite in case of metalaxyl and thiamethoxam, neutral for other components.
Jockey adversely affects hypocotyl length and this results in reduced and late emergence in fields where planting depth is deeper, or there is some soil crusting, other field factors (temperature) may increase the effect
This effect is not observed in lab tests because they do not routinely take account of hypocotyl length. It is likely the effect becomes more pronounced during post treatment storage so is not observed in tests immediately after treatment.
Jockey adversely affects hypocotyl length of some seeds in the seed lot and this results in reduced or late emergence in fields where planting depth is deeper or there is some soil crusting. Other field factors (temperature) may increase the effect.
To better manage work loads and "iron out" testing methods I suggest testing the hypotheses one at a time.
temperatures treatments to cover range above and below likely field temperatures (if field likely is 20 then range for tests would be approx 10- 30)*
30 (actual temperatures as fit the plate- range is goal not actual temperatures)
Collected data- hypocotyl length. (approx 5mm increments), germ abnormal etc. Pay particular note of other specific abnormalities such as stunted roots.
subject to final temps- approx same total heat units for each temp. Hence 20deg 10 days, 10 deg 20 days, 30 deg7 days
* if soil temp data is unavailable use ambient(avg max,min) for 2 weeks prior and 2 weeks post plantings (or month prior and month after)
Germination and vigour tests do not take hypocotyl length into account in seedling classification but variation for this was noted in some tests of treated seed lots. Not clear if there were 2 classes (very short and normal) or a continuum.
Jockey adversely affects hypocotyl length and this results in reduced and late emergence in fields where planting depth is deeper, or there is some soil crusting, other field factors (temperature) may increase the effect
This effect is not observed in lab tests because they do not routinely take account of hypocotyl length. It is likely the effect becomes more pronounced during post treatment storage so is not observed in tests immediately after treatment.
Jockey adversely affects hypocotyl length of some seeds in the seed lot and this results in reduced or late emergence in fields where planting depth is deeper or there is some soil crusting. Other field factors (temperature) may increase the effect.
Quantity per
treatment (mt)
Grower Batches OIC (Pre shipment)
Original Germ Jan
13
Germ May 13 (retained
QA sample)
52 Hytech Untreated 96 96.5 94.1
60 Blend Untreated 97.5 97
18.44 Hardy L1 Untreated 94 95
20.5 Millner Untreated 97 93
18.58 Hickey L3 Untreated 98 97
57.14 Murna Untreated 95 95
Hyola 404RR
Quantity per
treatment (mt)
Grower Batches
Original Germ
Jan 13
Germ May 13 (retained
QA sample)
Germ May 13 (sample
from
transport/storage)
52 Hytech JX 94.5 89 81.75
60 Blend MX 95.2 93.3 89.9
18.44 Hardy L1 MX 97 96
20.5 Millner MX 96.8 93.1 91.5
18.58 Hickey L3 MX 95 95.5
37.14 Murna MX 96.25 94.3 94
20 Murna JX 93.5 94.5
NB Germ results = average of germs
Hyola 404RR
Quantity per treatment
(mt)
Grower Batches
Original Germ
Jan 13
Germ May 13
(retained QA
sample)
Germ May 13 (sample
from
transport/storage)
60 Blend MX 95.2 93.3 89.9
18.44 Hardy L1 MX 97 96
20.5 Millner MX 96.8 93.1 91.5
18.58 Hickey L3 MX 95 95.5
37.14 Murna MX 96.25 94.3 94
NB Germ results = average of germs
Hyola 404RR
Quantity per
treatment (mt)
Grower Batches
Original
Germ Jan 13
Germ May 13
(retained QA
sample)
Germ May 13
(sample from
transport/storage)
52 Hytech JX 94.5 89 81.75
20 Murna JX 93.5 94.5
NB Germ results = average of germs
Hyola 404RR
Quantity per
treatment (mt)
Grower Batches CST Jan 13
"CST" May 13
(retained QA
sample)
"CST" May 13
(sample from
transport/storage)
AA Jan 13
"AA" May 13 (retained
QA sample)
"AA" May 13
(sample from
transport/storage)
Hardy L1 Untreated 93 97 85 85
18.44 Hardy L1 MX 92 95 75 80.5
Millner Untreated 93 94 87 90
20.5 Millner MX 90.6 91.6 79.5 82 84.6 77.5
Hickey L3 Untreated 95 90 94 90
18.58 Hickey L3 MX 95 90 90 87 87 86
Murna Untreated 95 93 88 88
37.14 Murna MX 92.3 89 80.6 83.3
NB Germ results = average of germs
Hyola 404RR
Quantity per
treatment (mt)
Grower Batches CST Jan 13
"CST" May 13
(retained QA
sample)
AA Jan 13
"AA" May 13
(retained QA sample)
Murna Untreated 95 93 88 88
20 Murna JX 92 88 76 82
NB Germ results = average of germs
Hyola 404RR
Hyola 404RR
Quantity per
treatment (mt)
Grower Batches CST Jan 13
"CST" May 13 (retained
QA sample)
Hardy L1 Untreated 93 97
18.44 Hardy L1 MX 92 95
Millner Untreated 93 94
20.5 Millner MX 90.6 91.6
Hickey L3 Untreated 95 90
18.58 Hickey L3 MX 95 90
Murna Untreated 95 93
37.14 Murna MX 92.3 89
20 Murna JX 92 88
Hyola 555TT
89mt Hytech Untreated 94
Hytech MX 91
Hytech JX 93
Hyola 575CL
Frontier L1 Untreated 93
50 JX 95.6
NB Germ results = average of germs
"CST" May 13 (sample
from transport/storage)
AA Jan 13
"AA" May 13
(retained QA
sample)
"AA" May 13
(sample from
transport/storage
)
85 85
75 80.5
87 90
79.5 82 84.6 77.5
94 90
90 87 87 86
88 88
80.6 83.3
76 82
89.25
67
78
96
94.6
Quantity per treatment
(mt)
Grower Batches CST Jan 13
"CST" May 13 (retained
QA sample)
"CST" May 13 (sample from
transport/storage)
AA Jan 13
"AA" May 13
(retained QA sample)
"AA" May 13 (sample from
transport/storage)
Frontier + Hytech Blend Untreated 92.5 89 93.1 71.1
46.5 + 5.5 Blend MX 90 92 54-93 76.5 77.6 17-74
NB Germ results = average of germs
Where results are variable a range has been given
Quantity per
treatment (mt)
Grower Batches CST Jan 13
"CST" May 13
(retained QA sample)
"CST" May 13 (sample
from transport/storage)
AA Jan 13
"AA" May 13 (retained QA
sample)
"AA" May 13 (sample from
transport/storage)
Hytech Untreated 93.4 89 78.8 71.2
60 Hytech JX 93.5 85.5 36-80 25.5 36.6 5-29
NB Germ results = average of germs
Where results are variable a range has been given
Hyola 404RR
Quantity per
treatment (mt)
Grower Batches Germ Feb 13 CST Jan 13
"CST" May 13
(retained QA
sample)
Hytech Untreated 96.5 93.4 89
60 Hytech JX 94.5 93.5 85.5
Blend Untreated 97.5 92.5 89
60 Blend MX 95.2
NB Germ results = average of germs
Where results are variable a range has been given
"CST" May 13 (sample
from
transport/storage)
AA Jan 13
"AA" May 13
(retained QA
sample)
"AA" May 13 (sample
from
transport/storage)
78.8 71.2
36-80 25.5 36.6 5-29
71.1
Quantity per
treatment (mt)
Prod Country Grower Batches CST Jan 13
"CST"
May 13
(retained
QA
sample)
"CST"
May 13
(sample
from
transport/
storage)
Frontier + Hytech Aus + Canada Blend Untreated 92.5 89
46.5 + 5.5 Blend MX 90 92 54-93
Canada Hytech Untreated 93.4 89
60 Hytech JX 93.5 85.5 36-80
NB Germ results = average of germs
Where results are variable a range has been given
AA Jan 13
"AA" May
13
(retained
QA
sample)
"AA" May 13
(sample from
transport/storag
e)
71.1
76.5 77.6 17-74
78.8 71.2
25.5 36.6 5-29