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Presentation Plan
• Chapter 1 Galileo Signals Overview:
– Galileo Frequency Plan
– Galileo Signals Baseline Overview
• Galileo Navigation Signals in L1
• Galileo Navigation Signals in E6
• Galileo Navigation Signals in E5
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GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
-Chapter1:
-Chapter 1: Galileo
GalileoSignals
Signals Overview
Overview
-- Galileo
Galileofrequency
frequencyplan
plan
Galileosignals
Galileo signalsbaseline
baselineoverview
overview
Generalconcepts:
General concepts:signal
signalgenerator,
generator,satellite
satellitetransmission
transmissionchain
chain
GalileoNavigation
Galileo NavigationSignals
Signalsin
inL1
L1
GalileoNavigation
Galileo NavigationSignals
Signalsin
inE6
E6
GalileoNavigation
Galileo NavigationSignals
Signalsin
inE5
E5
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
z
z
Hz
MH
MH
Hz
Hz
Hz
4M
4M
5M
0M
9M
3M
1M
0M
5M
0M
7M
7M
8.75
5.42
116
121
121
130
155
156
159
161
1.79
123
158
126
127
157
119
GALILEO Bands (Navigation) GLONASS Bands (Current & modernized) GPS Bands (Current & modernized)
E2-L1-E1and
E2-L1-E1 andE5a/L5
E5a/L5are
arecommon
commontotoGPS
GPSFrequency
Frequencybands
bandsfor
forinteroperability
interoperability
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GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
Frequency
Hz
(MHz)
5M
z
MH
MH
1.79
8.75
5.42
119
157
AltBOC(15,10) mod. CASM mod. CASM mod.
Navigationsignal
Navigation signaland
andsignal
signalchannel
channelare
arenot
notthe
thesame
same
3
GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
E5
HPA Filter
Signal E6
generator HPA Filter
L1
HPA Filter
4
GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
• Characteristics:
5
GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
• Characteristics:
Signal Channels Modulation Rc Rd Mess. Services Multiplex.
(Mcps) (sps) Type scheme
E5a Data BPSK 10 50 F/Nav OS,CS AltBOC
Pilot BPSK 10 ---
E5b Data BPSK 10 250 I/Nav OS,CS,
SoL
Pilot BPSK 10 ---
Chapter 2:
Chapter 2: The
The choice
choice of of baseline
baseline modulations
modulations
-- L1
L1modulations:
modulations:design
designdrivers
driversand
andconstraints,
constraints,the
thefinal
finalchoice,
choice,
multiplexingtechnique
multiplexing technique
--E6
E6modulations:
modulations:design
designdrivers
driversand
andconstraints,
constraints,the
thefinal
finalchoice,
choice,
multiplexing technique
multiplexing technique
--E5
E5modulations:
modulations:design
designdrivers
driversand
andconstraints,
constraints,the
thefinal
finalchoice,
choice,
multiplexing technique, AltBOC modulation
multiplexing technique, AltBOC modulation
6
GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
Interoperabilityand
Interoperability andcompatibility
compatibilitywith
withGPS
GPSdesired.
desired.
Ester Armengou Miret 9th May 2005 13/46
7
GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
BPSK (2. 5)
Rc = 2. 5Mcps 1 1 0 1
BOC(15,2.5)
Fsc = 15 Mcps
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GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
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GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
• Constraints:
– Amplifier to be used in saturation: constant envelope
– Power sharing: 50% for L1P and 50% for L1F
– Optimise satellite implementation
– Easy to separate the two signals at reception
S L1 (t ) =
3
2
[ ] [
s L1F − d (t ) − s L1F − p (t ) + j 2 ⋅ s L1P (t ) + s L1,int (t )
1
3
]
INTERMODULATION PRODUCT TO ASSURE CONSTANT ENVELOPE
10
GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
E6 modulations
• No constraints in terms of operability or compatibility to chose
E6 modulations because the band is not used by GPS or Glonass
• Galileo E6 baseline :
– BPSK(5) for E6C commercial signal
– BOCcos(10,5) for E6P restricted signal
• BOCcos chosen to have into account NSCC: good isolation of
the restricted signal from the commercial one
Reducedspectral
Reduced spectraloverlap
overlapwith
withBOCcos
BOCcos
E6 multiplexing technique
• Three channels to be multiplexed :
• CASM modulation
11
GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
BPSK(10) modulations
12
GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
QPSK
E5a
NavE5a(t) Up-
Modulation HPA Filter
Conversion
& Spreading
SE5(t)
QPSK:22BPSK(10)
QPSK: BPSK(10)signals
signalsin
inquadrature
quadrature OMUX
NavE5b(t) QPSK
Up-
Modulation HPA Filter
Conversion
& Spreading
E5b
– OPTION 2: One AltBOC signal:
NavE5a (t)
AltBOC SE5(t)
Up- HPA Output
Modulation
Conversion Filter
NavE5b (t) & Spreading
13
GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
Chapter3:
Chapter 3:Spreading
Spreadingcodescodesdesign
design
--Galileo
Galileospreading
spreadingcode
codelengths
lengths
-- Tiered
Tieredcodes
codesconstruction
construction
-- Type
Typeofofcodes
codes
-- Gold
Goldcodes
codesgeneration
generation
-- Codes
Codesperformance
performancecriteria
criteria
--Galileo
Galileospreading
spreadingcodes
codeschoice
choice
14
GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
Chip rate: RP
SECONDARY
CODE Period j Period j+1
GENERATOR
• Primary codes can be used for fast acquisitions while the entire code can be
used for tracking. Aiming at typical integration times for acquisition of 1ms
or a few ms, primary code periods is of the order of 10 kchips.
Ester Armengou Miret 9th May 2005 30/46
15
GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
0 4 ms 10 ms 20 ms 100 ms
1 ms
Symbol d0 d1
Sec. Code 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 98 99 0 1
E5a-p
Pri. Code
Allsignals
All signalscoherently
coherently
derivedfrom
derived fromthe
thesame
same Symbol d0 d1 d2
standard.They
standard. Theyare
are Sec. Code 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 98 99 0 1
E5b-p
perfectlysynchronised.
perfectly synchronised. Pri. Code
Symbol d0 d 1 d2 d 3 d 4 d5 d 6 d7 d 8 d 9
E6C- d
Pri. Code
Sec. Code 0 1 2 3 4 49 0
E6C- p
Pri. Code
Symbol d0 d1 d2
L1F-d
Pri. Code
Sec. Code 0 1 24 0
L1F-p
Pri. Code
d k Message stream k-th symbol n Secondary code n -th chip One entire primary code period ( N p chips length)
Type of codes
• Primary codes are:
– Truncated Gold codes: can be systematically generated by LSFR (Linear
Feedback Shift Registers)
– Memory codes: randomly generated and optimised. Need to be stored in memory,
no systematic generation possible
• Most secondary codes (enough length) are randomly generated and
optimised.
Primary Secondary
Channel Type Length Length The same
E5a data Truncated Gold 10230 20 secondary
E5a pilot Truncated Gold 10230 100 code for all
E5b data Truncated Gold 10230 4 satellites
E5b pilot Truncated Gold 10230 100 (exhaustive
E6C data Memory code 5115 seach and the
E6C pilot Memory code 5115 100 best chosen)
L1F data Memory code 4092
L1F pilot Memory code 4092 25
16
GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
• The crosscorrelation values between two given codes should also be as small
as possible to get good acquisition performance.
17
GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
• For each channel, the best set of codes of each family identified and
compared through the previous performance criteria.
• The best option retained, not only in terms of performances but also having
into account implementation issues and future evolutions.
Chapter4:
Chapter 4:Navigation
Navigationmessage
message
-- Frame
Framestructure
structure
-- Page
Pageformat
format
--Message
Messagecontents
contents
--Navigation
Navigationdata
data
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GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
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GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
Page Format
• A page contains:
Message Contents
• F/NAV is the acronym for Freely Accessible Navigation message type.
• I/NAV is the acronym for Integrity Navigation message type.
• C/NAV is the acronym for Commercial message type.
• G/NAV is the acronym for Governmental Access Navigation message type.
20
GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
Message Contents
• The navigation data includes both satellite and constellation message data.
• The Search and Rescue return link provides the capability to send 8
acknowledgement SAR messages of 64 bits every 50 seconds to a Beacon
equipped with a suitable Galileo receiver.
Navigation data
• The navigation data contain all the parameters that enable the
user to perform positioning service. They are stored on board all
the satellite with a validity duration and broadcast world-wide
by all the satellite of the constellation.
21
GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
Summary
Summary
10 SIN Limiter
BOC(1,1) Subcarrier Waveform
CASM
DATA generation 40920
250 Hz Symbol Clock
4 Rc ,L1 PMcps c L1 P (t ) sc L1 P (t ) 1
3
L1P X + X
Code Generator
CODE generation X
RESET
Subcarrier generation
22
GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
Main conclusions
• Main design drivers for signal design: trade-off between
technical and programmatic aspects
– Target performances: intended use, user type, scenario.
– Compatibility and interoperability with other navigation systems.
Questions?
Questions?
Thank you
Thank you
23
GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
Auxiliary slides
c E 6 C − p (t )
2
500 Hz Clock 50-chips 3
20406 Secondary +
Code
+
DATA generation X
Symbol Clock
- E6 Signal
(t ) SIN
E6P Interleaving dE6 P
Add Tail FEC
Data Add CRC & E6P
bits Encoding 2
Message UW Insertion
3
2 c E6 P (t )
E6P R c, E6 P Mcps sc E6 P (t ) X + X
Code Generator
1
CODE generation X 3
24
GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
+
Look-up
250 Hz Symbol Clock +
40920 Table
SIN -
E5 Signal
d E5 b ( t )
E5b Interleaving 250 sps k∈{1,…8}
Add Tail FEC
Data Add CRC & sin(k. π/4)
bits Encoding
Message UW Insertion X
1 kHz Clock
10230 4-bits
Rc , E5 b − d Mcps Secondary cE 5 b− d (t )
E5b -d
Code
cE 5 b − p (t )
AltBOCtoo
AltBOC too
Code Generator E5b
Rc , E 5b − p Mcps 100 -bits
Secondary
Data Channel complicated using
complicated using
Code
E5b -p
Code Generator E5b time domain
time domain
Pilot Channel
Counter
1..8
formula.ItItisis
formula.
(2/3)
AltBOC(15,10) Subcarrier Frequency easier withaaLUT
easier with LUT
RESET
25
GALILEO SIGNAL-IN-SPACE DESIGN
26