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SERIES AND PARALLEL OPERATION OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS 18-1
A centrifugal pump will pump fluid at the point where the system curve intersects the pump
curve.

If you need more flexibility you can install another pump and operate it in either series or
parallel with the first pump.
SERIES OPERATION
Centrifugal pumps are connected in series if the discharge of one pump is connected to the
suction side of a second pump. Two similar pumps, in series, operate in the same manner as a
two-stage centrifugal pump.
Each of the pumps is putting energy into the pumping fluid, so the resultant head is the sum of
the individual heads.
Some things to consider when you connect pumps in series:
Both pumps must have the same width impeller or the difference in capacities (GPM or
Cubic meters/hour.) could cause a cavitation problem if the first pump cannot supply
enough liquid to the second pump.
Both pumps must run at the same speed (same reason).
Be sure the casing of the second pump is strong enough to resist the higher pressure.
Higher strength material, ribbing, or extra bolting may be required.
The stuffing box of the second pump will see the discharge pressure of the first pump.
You may need a high-pressure mechanical seal.
Be sure both pumps are filled with liquid during start-up and operation.
Start the second pump after the first pump is running.


PARALLEL OPERATION
Pumps are operated in parallel when two or more pumps are connected to a common discharge
line, and share the same suction conditions.
Some things to consider when pumps are operated in parallel:
Both pumps must produce the same head this usually means they must be running at the
same speed, with the same diameter impeller.
API 610, states that when pumps are run in parallel, "the head shall rise at least 10% of
the head at rated capacity."(this is called a "stable curve because there is a continious rise
to shutoff.)
Two pumps in parallel will deliver less than twice the flow rate of a single pump in the
system because of the increased friction in the piping.
The shape of the system curve determines the actual increase in capacity. If there is
additional friction in the system from throttling (see dotted line in the following diagram),
two pumps in parallel may deliver only slightly more than a single pump operating by its
self.
If you run a single pump only, it will operate at a higher flow rate (A) than if it were
working in parallel with another pump (B) because it will be operating further out on the
curve requiring increased power. The rule is that if a pump is selected to run in parallel,
be sure it has a driver rated for single operation.

Remember the following:
Most plants read only total flow and cannot see the differences in individual pump
performance
Parallel pumps are notorious for operating at different flows. Often a weaker pump is
operating close to its shut off point while a stronger pump is operating to the far right of
its curve and running out of NPSHA.
For information about my CD with over 600 Seal & Pump Subjects explained,
click here
Link to Mc Nally home page www.mcnallyinstitute.com


Pumps in Serial - Head Added
When two (or more) pumps are arranged in serial their resulting pump performance curve is
obtained by adding their heads at the same flow rate as indicated in the figure below.

Centrifugal pumps in series are used to overcome larger system head loss than one pump can
handle alone.
for two identical pumps in series the head will be twice the head of a single pump at the
same flow rate - as indicated in point 2.
With a constant flowrate the combined head moves from 1 to 2.
Note! In practice the combined head and flow rate moves along the system curve to point 3.
point 3 is where the system operates with both pumps running
point 1 is where the system operates with one pump running
Series operation of single stage pumps is seldom encountered - more often multistage centrifugal
pumps are used.
Pumps in Parallel - Flow Rate Added
When two or more pumps are arranged in parallel their resulting performance curve is obtained
by adding their flowrates at the same head as indicated in the figure below.

Centrifugal pumps in parallel are used to overcome larger volume flows than one pump can
handle alone.
for two identical pumps in parallel, and the head is kept constant, the flowrate doubles as
indicated with point 2 compared to a single pump
Note! In practice the combined head and volume flow moves along the system curve as indicated
from 1 to 3.
point 3 is where the system operates with both pumps running
point 1 is where the system operates with one pump running
In practice, if one of the pumps in parallel or series stops, the operation point moves along the
system resistance curve from point 3 to point 1 - the head and flow rate are decreased.
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