Grade 8 English Math

Inversely proportional function

Jackie.Zhou
Yantai Yew Wah International School
junzhou013@gmail.com

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Grade 8 English Math Inversely proportional function

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(1) The distance between A and B is 900km, you go from A to B by

driving a car. Write down the relationship between the time t (h) you
take and the velocity v (km/h) of the car: t =
Remark: for each velocity, the corresponding time is unique.
(2) A rectangle ABCD with xed perimeter 12. If the length of edge
BC=a cm, write down the relationship between the area S(cm2 ) and
a(cm):S =
Remark: for each length, the corresponding are is unique.

Function: in an expression of x and y, if for each value of x, the

corresponding value of y is unique, then y is called a function of x
x is called independent variable, y is called dependent variable.
Eg1. In each of the expression, tell whether y is a function of x or not?
(1) xy = 6
(2) y 2 = x
(3) 2x + 3y = 6

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Exercise (Tell whether y is a function of x or not)

(1) y = 2x 1

(2) y = 5x

(5) y = x2 1

(6) |y| = 2x

(7) y =

(4) y 2 = x

(3) y = |x 1|
4
x

(8) y 3 + 2x 4 = 0

Some special functions and their general forms

8
>linear function :
>
>
>constant function
>
>
>proportional function
<
Functions
>quadratic function :
>
>
>absolute valued function :
>
>
>
:inverselyproportionalfunction :

y
y
y
y
y
y

= kx + b
= b(case k = 0)
= kx(case b = 0)
= ax2 + bx + c(a = 0)
= |x|
k
= x (k = 0)

k
Inversely proportional function: y = x (k = 0)

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1. Which ones are inversely proportional functions? If it is inverse

proportional function, what is the value of its k?
5
(2) y = 0.4
(3)y = x
(4) xy = 2
(1) y = x
x
2
1
(5) xy = 3

(6) y = 5 x

(7) y =

2
5x

(8) y =

2a
x (a

= 0)

2. The government plan to construct a 1200km long railway, then is the

time y(days) an inversely proportional function of the amount of daily
track-laying x(km/d)?

3. In your real life, can you give some examples of inversely proportional
function?

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The graph of function y =

4
x

 Table
x
y=

8
4
x

1
2

1
2

 Plot the points

 Connect the points with a smooth curve

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4
The graph of function y = x

 Table
x
4
y = x

1
2

1
2

 Plot the points

 Connect the points with a smooth curve

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k
The graph of y = x (k = 0)

 the graph is a hyperbola including two parts

 k > 0, the graphs are in I and III quadrant
 k < 0, the graphs are in II and IV quadrant

If the above two graphs represent functions y =

match them in pairs?
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2
x

2
and y = x , can you

Grade 8 English Math Inversely proportional function

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2
4
For functions y = x , y = x , y =

6
x

(1) which quadrant are the graphs in?

(2) in each quadrant, when x is increasing, how y changes?
(3) do they have common points with x-axis? y-axis?
k
The graph of y = x , k > 0

 I and III quadrant

 In each quadrant, when x increases, y decreases
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2
4
6
For y = x , y = x , y = x

k
The graph of y = x , k < 0

 II and IV quadrant
 In each quadrant, when x increases, y increases
k
The graph of y = x (k = 0) will never intersects with x or y-axis

When the value of x goes to innity or zero, the graph will approach to
x-axis or y-axis innitely.
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1. Among the following functions, the graphs of

are in I and III
quadrant; In each quadrant of
, the value of y is increasing as x
increases.
7
1
(2) y = 0.3
(3) y = 10
(4) y = 100x
(1) y = 2x
x
x
6
2. Jackie plot the graph below which he think is the graph of y = x , is it
correct?

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3. If point A(2, y1 ), B(1, y2 ) and C(3, y3 ) are all on the graph of

4
y = x , compare and sort y1 , y2 , y3 .
4. If point A(2, y1 ), B(1, y2 ) and C(3, y3 ) are all on the graph of
4
y = x , compare and sort y1 , y2 , y3 .
6
5. Observe the graph of y = x , and nish all the questions.

(1) coordinates:

A( 6,
), A ( 6,
)
(2) AB OX, A B OX, then True or
False
(A) OA = OA
(B) AOB = A OB
(C) A, O, A are on a line

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6. A pipe drains away water of a pool at a speed 8m3 /h, it will completely
drain o the water after 6 hours.
(1) What is the capacity of the pool?
(2) If the speed of water draining of the pipe is Qm3 /h, the time it takes
will be t hours, give the relationship between t and Q.
(3) If we want to drain o the pool in 5 hours, what is the speed of the
water draining of the pipe?
(4) If the speed is at most 12m3 /h, how much time at least do we need
to drain o the pool?

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7. There is certain quantity of air in a balloon, when the temperature does

not change, the inside air pressure p(kPa) is an inversely proportional
function of the volume V (cm3 ). The graph is shown below
(1) give the expression of the function
(2) what is the air pressure when the
volume is 1cm3 ?
(3) the balloon will explode if the air
pressure reaches 140kPa, to keep it
safe, what is requirement for its
volume?

8. The graph of an inversely

proportional function
passes through point

A(2, 3), then are points B( 2, 3 2), C(2 3, 3), D(9, 2 ) on its
3
graph?
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Review and self evaluation

k
1. Point (23, 3) lies on the graph of y = x , then k =
in
quadrants.

, its graph is

2. The graph of inversely proportional function passes through point

(32, 3), then whether point (2, 23) lies on the graph or not? Why?
3. If the graph of inversely proportional function y = m+1 has property: in
x
the quadrant, the value of y increases when x increases, then the
condition of m is

k
4. The graph of y = x passes through point (2, 2), then the line
y = (k 1)x must passes through point (2,
)

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5. Proportional function y = ax intersects with inversely proportional

function y = 6a at points A, B, the x-coordinate of point A is 1, nd the
x
coordinates of points A and B.

6. In the same coordinate system, the graphs of y = k1 x and y =

no common points, then k1 k2
0

k2
x

have

2
7. Observe the graph of y = x , when x = 2, y =
; when x < 2,
the range of y is
; when y 1, then range of x is
.

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a
8. In one coordinate system, the graphs of y = ax a and y = x (a = 0)
are probably

1
1
9. The graph to represent expression (a)|y| = x , (b) y = |x| , (c)
1
1
,
,
,
, respectively.
y = |x| , (d) |y| = |x| are

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