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) (
0 r r
C L Z =
2. Resonant angular frequency
) * (
1
0
r r
C L
= e
3. Resonant frequency
t e 2 /
0 0
= f
4. Normalized Load Resistance
Simulation of Push-pull Multi-output Quasi-resonant Converter
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0
/ Z R R
L
=
5. The primary current through primary of transformer (L
m
) is
m Lr
I I =
2.1 MODES OF OPERATION
The switch S
1
and S
2
are alternatively power their respective windings. The resonating capacitors
1 r
C and
2 r
C and resonating inductors
1 r
L and
2 r
L are used to form the resonant tank. The secondary voltage
of the transformer is rectified by fast recovery diodes (D
1
and D
2
) and filtered to produce a steady ripple free
output voltage V
0
. Lower and upper part of primary winding circuit is called here afterwards as upper and lower.
2.1.1 MODE 1: (t
o
,t
1
)
UPPER: The switch S
1
is opened for the beginning of a new cycle at t equal to t
o
. The current flows through
resonant capacitor ) (
1 r
C and resonant inductor ) (
1 r
L . The capacitor voltage rises linearly from 0 to 2V
dc
. The
capacitor voltage is given by the equation,
r m cr
C t I t v 2 / ) (
1
=
When the resonant capacitor voltage reaches 2V
dc
at t = t
1
.The duration of this interval T
d1
is given by
m dc r d
I V C T / 4
1
=
LOWER: The switch S
2
opened in the previous cycle is still continued. The capacitor voltage v
cr2
in the lower
part decreases linearly from 2V
dc
to zero. The equations for v
cr2
and i
Lr2
are given as
t Z
I
V (t) v
o o
m
dc cr
sin
2
2
2
|
.
|
\
|
=
t I i
m Lr 0 2
cose =
2.1.2 MODE 2: ) , (
2 1
t t
UPPER: The series resonant L
r1
and C
r1
forms a resonant circuit. The state equations are
1 1 1
) (
r Lr cr
C t i dt dv =
1 1 1
)) ( 2 (
r cr dc Lr
L t v V dt di =
With initial conditions
dc cr
V v 2 ) 0 (
1
=
and 2 ) 0 (
1 m Lr
I i =
The solutions for the above equations are given by
t Z I V t v
o o m dc cr
e sin ) 2 ( 2 ) (
1
+ =
t I t i
m Lr 0 1
cos ) 2 ( ) ( e =
At t equal to t
2
,
1 Lr
i reaches zero value and
1 cr
v reaches its peak value as shown in fig, 3a. They are given by
0 2 1
) 2 ( 2 ) ( Z I V t v
m dc cr
+ =
The duration of the mode
2 d
T is given by
0 1 2 2
e t = = t t T
d
LOWER: The switch S
2
is turned on when V
cr2
become zero at t = t
1
, to achieve zero voltage condition. During
this stage the current i
Lr2
increases linearly and reaches the value 2
m
I at t = t
2
.The corresponding state
equation for
2 Lr
i is given by
2 2
2
r dc Lr
L V dt di =
The solution of above equation is given by
t I i
m Lr 0 2
cos ) 2 ( e =
2.1.3 MODE 3: ) , (
3 2
t t
UPPER: The equations determining this stage are
1 1 1
)) ( 2 (
r cr dc Lr
L t v V dt di =
and
1 1 2
/ ) ( /
r Lr cr
C t i dt dv =
Simulation of Push-pull Multi-output Quasi-resonant Converter
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With initial conditions
dc cr
V v 2 ) 0 (
1
=
2 ) 0 (
1 m Lr
I i =
The solution for the equations are given by
t I t i
o m Lr
e cos ) 2 / ( ) (
1
=
t I V t v
o m dc Cr
e sin ) 2 / ( 2 ) (
1
=
This stage terminates when ) (
1
t V
cr
becomes zero. The duration of this stage is given by
3 4 3
t t T
d
=
) ( [ sin ) 1 (
0
1
0 3
Z I V T
m dc d
= e ]
0 3
) ( e t o =
d
T
Where
]) 4 [ (sin
0
1
Z I V
m dc
+ = t o
The inductor current is given by
o cos ) 2 (
1 m Lr
I i =
LOWER: v
cr2
is zero and
2 2 2
)) ( 2 (
r cr dc Lr
L t v V dt di =
With initial conditions
2 ) 0 (
2 m Lr
I i =
The solution for above equation is
) cos( ) 2 ( ) (
0 2
t I t i
m Lr
e =
2.1.4 MODE 4: ) , (
4 3
t t
UPPER: The switch S
1
is turned on when v
cr1
become zero to achieve zero voltage condition. During this mode
the current i
Lr1
increases linearly and reaches the value 2
m
I at t equal to t
4
. The corresponding state equation is
1 1
/ 2
r dc Lr
L V dt di =
With initial condition
o cos ) 2 ( ) 0 (
1 m Lr
I i =
The inductor current
1 Lr
i (t) is given by the equation
) cos ) 2 (( ) ) * 2 (( ) (
1
o
m r dc Lr
I L t V t i + =
This mode terminates when inductor current become
m
I . The duration of this stage is given by the equation
3 4 4
t t T
d
=
) cos 1 ]( 4 [
0 0 4
o e =
dc m d
V Z I T
LOWER: The switch S
2
is opened at t = t
4
. The current flows through resonant capacitor ) (
2 r
C and resonant
inductor L
r2
.The capacitor voltage rise s linearly from zero to
dc
V 2 and it is governed by equation
1 2
2 ) ( ) (
r m cr
C t I t v =
At the end of this mode, a new mode cycle starts.
2.2 Theoretical resonant waveforms
The theoretical resonant waveforms of the proposed converter for one switching cycle are shown in fig.3.
Whenever there is a change in switching device from one state to another, the circuit configuration changes.
Each configuration is referred to as mode. In this QRC, four different stages are identified for each half of the
switching cycle.
2.3 Design
The design parameters are given for a multi-output push-pull ZVS-QRC with following specifications:
Simulation of Push-pull Multi-output Quasi-resonant Converter
www.iosrjournals.org 23 | Page
- Input voltage V V
dc
40 =
- Output voltage of secondary1 V V 5
01
=
- Output Voltage of secondary2 V V 12
02
=
- Resonant frequency kHz f 165
0
=
- Switching frequency kHz f
s
50 =
- Turns ratio between primary and secondary
1
n = 125 . 0
1 1
=
s p
N N
3 . 0
2 2 2
= =
s p
N N n
- The characteristic impedance ) (
0 r r
C L sqrt Z =
- The resonant capacitors are assumed to be equal
- The resonant inductors are assumed to be equal
mH L L L
r r r
16 . 0
2 1
= = =
III. OPEN LOOP STUDIES
In this section the open loop simulation of multi-output push-pull ZVS-QRC circuit is realized with
parameters obtained from the design. The simulated resonant capacitor voltage and output voltage of the
converter are discussed in this section. The performance of the converter is studied for different load variations.
The converter is simulated using Matlab/SIMULINK software in open loop with design parameters. The
SIMULNK model of the circuit is shown in figure 4. The gating pulses applied to switch S
1
and S
2
are shown in
fig. 5. It is observed that the switch S
1
and S
2
are turned on, when the resonant capacitor voltage becomes zero
to assure ZVS condition. The waveform resembles the theoretical waveforms as shown in fig 3.
Figure 4 Simulink Model Diagram for the Multi Output Push-Pull ZVS-QRC
Figure 5 Simulated resonant waveforms for upper part and lower part of primary.
microF C C C
r r r
047 . 0
2 1
= = =
Simulation of Push-pull Multi-output Quasi-resonant Converter
www.iosrjournals.org 24 | Page
Figure 6 Simulated open loop output waveforms of the secondary1 V
o1
and secondary 2 V
o2
(volts).
IV. CONCLUSION
Theoretical analysis and design procedure of a new buck type push-pull ZVS-QRC was presented. The
converter rated at 100W, operating at switching frequency of 50kHZ has been simulated using
Matlab/SIMULINK software. Operating principle and theoretical analysis are confirmed by simulation results.
The converter can also be implemented in hardware which will give matching results as that of simulated
results. Hence this is suitable for high-density, medium power requirement, for example in aerospace
applications.
REFERENCES
[1] Liu K.H. and LEE F.C.Y., Zero-voltage Switching Technique in DC-Dc Converters, IEEE Specialists Conference Record,
1986,pp.58-70.
[2] I.Barbi, J.C.Bolacell,D.C.Martins and F.B.Libano, Buck Quasi-Resonant Converter operating at Constant Frequency:Analysis,
Design and Experimantation,IEEE,pp.873-880.
[3] Wildon C.P., de Aragao Filho,I.Barbi, A Comparison Between Two Current-Fed Push-Pull DC-DC Converters-Analysis,Design
and Experimentation, IEEE, 1996, pp.313-320.
[4] Grover V., T.Bascope and I.Barbi, Isolated Flyback-Current-Fed Push-Pull Converter For Power Factor
Correction,IEEE,1996,pp.1184-1190.
[5] B.Swaminathan and V.Ramanarayanan, A Novel Resonant Transition Push-Pull DC-DC Converter,J.Indian Inst Sci,Nov.-
Dec.2004,pp.217-232.