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A presentation to PhD researchers about the importance of public speaking. Includes tips on how to structure an academic presentation and how to deliver it.
A presentation to PhD researchers about the importance of public speaking. Includes tips on how to structure an academic presentation and how to deliver it.
A presentation to PhD researchers about the importance of public speaking. Includes tips on how to structure an academic presentation and how to deliver it.
Research Assistant, Centre for Trust and Ethical Behaviour
BES, June 2014 Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Importance of presentation and oral communication skills in academia Plan and structure a talk Sustains the interest and confidence of the audience Reflect on and learn from your experience. Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES At some point in your academic career you are going to have to give a presentation or stand up and talk
Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Some people get very anxious about doing this.....
Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES No real secret to effective presentations Mostly down to planning, practice
This session will help you to understand what an audience is looking for And some advice about how to improve your skills Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Talks are an integral part of academic and professional life. Conferences, workshops, lectures, interviews
Make the most of opportunities to practice these skills. Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Try to know your audience yourself your subject
Choose the right media What to include in your presentation Practice your presentation
Conferences 10 minutes talk, 5 minutes questions
Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES In interview processes, presentations are a common screening device prospective employers use. Academic posts present in front of departmental staff
How would your current research make a contribution to our Faculty and how could it link to teaching?
Opportunity to show what a good teacher you are. How you handle questions is very important. Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Everyone has different strengths Some people are better at explaining things aloud than when writing them down. For others the opposite is true.
Fear of making a mess of speaking in front of people can by itself lead to a poor performance Building confidence through preparation and practice can help overcome those nerves
Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Are the participants experts in your field of study, or from other disciplines? Can you expect some of both groups? Academic vs Practitioner?
How much do you assume participants will know about your research and methodology?
How much do you expect participants will know about the practitioner/policy relevance of your research? Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES How often have you presented and how much confidence do you have in presenting? What are your weaknesses? How much preparation do you need?
Each slide takes about 1-2 minutes.
Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES What have other people done in your field? Are they likely to be there?
Do you have a good handle on the literature? Key names and references?
Whats the context of your presentation?
Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Powerpoint now standard in conference presentations Risk of death by Powerpoint Information vs overkill Pictures/visual material or no pictures? In some disciplines, transparencies and/or reading scripts are still the norm
Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Practice giving your presentation to ensure that it is the right length Avoid running out of time
Practice voice control Practice talking to the audience and changing your slides Aim to get it as smooth as possible - identify stumbling points or confusion might exist Enlist a critical friend to listen and give feedback on the visuals and the sound Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Knowing how much time and the length of the talk helps you prepare the right amount of material Most people try and cram in too much Audiences end up overwhelmed, cannot follow what is being said
Decisions about visual aids, resources, props depend on the audience and the room Powerpoint/whiteboard/flip chart? Check equipment in advance (sound, video, internet connection) Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Start with a front page that includes Title of your presentation Your name and affiliation Date, name of conference, paper prepared for
Next page Acknowledgement to funders, co-researchers, etc. Any required disclaimers
Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Tell them if you are going to take questions at the end, or as you go through
You might want to outline the structure, tell the audience what to expect: Today I am going to explain, illustrate, outline, give you essential background information on..etc etc.
How to engage the audiences attention at the start An anecdote; a short film clip; a question; some challenging statements Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Lead the audience through your main points You will have to limit content as time is usually short Enough information to develop your ideas Illustrate with examples Sequence your ideas Logical, chronological order General to specific Known to unknown From accepted to controversial Cause/effect Problem/solution Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Signpost where you are: Indicate when you are finishing one topic, moving to another Pause, change stance, pitch of voice etc.
Link ideas/sections - end of one, beginning of another Now that Ive shown X lets turn to Y
Verbal punctuation very helpful when trying to keep the audiences attention Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES If someone interrupts, be friendly and do answer clarification questions
Postpone responding to substantive questions until the question period at the end. This is a really interesting conversation, maybe we can continue it after the presentation/ session? Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Engage your audience Make eye contact Use voice projection Show confidence the people who took the time to come to your presentation are interested in your work Smile and try to build rapport with light humour (if youre comfortable with that) Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES
You want your audience to be interested
Think about using a variety of materials if it is appropriate for the topic: Examples, anecdotes, case histories Charts and graphs Handouts Video clips Artefacts that can be passed around E.g. examples of products, samples, models etc. Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES End Summarise what you have discussed and conclude Thank the audience for listening Offer to take any questions Dont worry if you dont know the answer to a question Thats a really good point, I hadnt thought of that. Suggest that you would like to follow this up with them later. Where appropriate, throw it out to the audience
A confident manner is just as important as what you say.
Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Thank the people who ask questions Oh yes, very good point, Ill check into it; oh yes, I did address this, but )
Take notes of what people say
Disarm the obnoxious (active listening, as above) Some tips Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Make sure you understand the question Ask a question to see if have understood; rephrase it in your own words If not, ask the questioner to repeat Delay the answer to allow yourself time to think Im glad youve asked that question; Thats a very good question, just let me consider for a moment.. Can I take that question later.. Deflect the question That idea came from the work of X. Agree but give an alternative perspective I can see what you are getting at, but there is another way of looking at this..
Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Often more informal, 5 minutes duration Good test of succinctness! Early career academics should try these sessions: Exposure for your work Useful for preliminary findings and feedback Good networking opportunity You will need to become sufficiently familiar with the related literature and the other papers Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Reading aloud from notes sounds very stilted and wooden
Free speech more interesting, even with the odd mistake
If you must use prompt cards Lay the text out in chunks pause, look up and engage audience Put a marker on the text to signal a pause Dont just ramble on when reading; pause and make eye contact Where possible use only key words and phrases NOT sentences Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Prepare any PowerPoint slides well in advance Aim for the Big Picture Bullet points not sentences You can fill in the gaps with your talk Guide audience to read the full paper later
Make sure slide are clear and text is big enough (24 point or larger ideally) Stick to simple tables and graphs Too difficult for audience to read otherwise!
Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Practice giving your talk on your own Regardless of how silly you feel! Allows a check on how long your talk is does it need editing down? Get used to the sound of your own voice If possible find a room of a similar size in which to practice you may need to project more Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Breathing When people are nervous they tend to take quick, shallow breaths This makes your voice sound weak; it also makes you sound nervous Overcome this and feel more relaxed by: Breathing in slowly and deeply; concentrate on filling your lungs with air in each breath Breath out slowly, getting rid of as much air as possible...then repeat 5 times This confidence trick REALLY DOES WORK!!
Stand tall and make eye contact in a friendly way People respond better if they think you are talking to them Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Voice Speak slowly and clearly It will always sound much slower when you speak than it does to the audience Dont be afraid of gaps and pauses Speak loudly enough for everyone to hear Use the microphone if you need to
Try and sound as though you are enjoying talking about your work, not dreading it! Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Move! It is important to move as you give your presentation
However Avoid pacing only up and down Dont fiddle with pens, hands, papers Keep your hands away from your face
Use the furniture But dont stay hidden behind a lectern Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES It takes time to become a confident and effective speaker
Think of people that you have watched who come across well or less effectively Aim to avoid the pitfalls of those who are unimpressive Use the techniques of those who have had an impact. Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES It is normal to be nervous at the thought of giving a presentation. Nerves are not all good Be nervous, but rehearse until you feel confident. Your subject - know what you are going to say Your equipment - know how to work it The room - have it arranged in an appropriate manner Think through any potential questions and answers
Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Arrive early to check the space and deal with problems During the presentation it will help to: Approach your speaking space with confidence Look around at your audience and realise they are only human Smile
Don't broadcast your nervousness (i.e. "never let them see you sweat") Think carefully about what you wear
Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Body language is very powerful and can dominate or override what we say You are aiming to come across as natural when you speak
Posture sends out non-verbal messages It can make people seem shy or confident, approachable or standoffish - just by how you stand or sit An audience will notice your posture before you even speak be aware of your posture even when waiting to talk
Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES The key to successful presenting Always be aware, plan and rehearse It is fine to be nervous everyone is! Identify and work on the areas where you have strengths and weaknesses. The more presentations you give, the better you will become at giving them Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES Attending a conference is an ideal way to make useful connections and tell the world about your research. Gives you the opportunity to impress potential employers with your work and presentation skills. Take every opportunity to present your work or practice these skills Dont forget to bring your business cards! Dr Carlos Ferreira, BES