Capvt XVi: Third declension adjectives

Third Declension Adjectives

- adjectives of the second major group generally have third declension i-stem forms and are declined exactly like i-
stem nouns, except that the ablative singular of all genders ends in -!.

M. or F. N. M. & F. N. M. & F. N.
civis mare fortis forte acer, acris acre
civis maris fortis fortis acris acris
civi mari forti forti acri acri
civem mare fortem forte acrem acre
cive mari forti forti acri acri

cives maria fortes fortia acres acria
civium marium fortium fortium acrium acrium
civibus maribus fortibus fortibus acribus acribus
cives maria fortes fortia acres acria
civibus maribus fortibus fortibus acribus acribus

M. & F. N.
potens potens
potentis potentis
potenti potenti
potentem potentem
potenti potenti

potentes potentia
potentium potentium
potentibus potentibus
potentes potentia
potentibus potentibus

- Note where the characteristic ! appears
1) In the ablative singular of all genders
2) -ium in the genitive plural of all genders
3) -ia in the nominative and accusative plural of the neuter

Usage and Word Order
1) Attributive Adjective: vir fortes, the brave men (simple modifier)
2) predicate adjective: viri sunt fortes, the men are brave (using a linking verb to describe the subject)
3) substantive adjective: fortuna fortes adiuvat, fortune helps the brave (used in place of a noun)
4) objective complement: virtus fecit viros fortes, virtue made the men brave (describes the result of an action of the
verb)

Exercitationes
1. The brave men and women lived before our time.
2. He sent those one hundred miserable old men from Italy across the troublesome sea yesterday.
3. Those two men throw out every desire from themselves, because they feared the nature of the body.
4. The powerful queen, since she loved herself, shunned those three men and never joined herself with them.

Vocabulary

aetas, aetatis, f., period of life, life, age, an age, time

auditor, auditoris, m., hearer, listener, member of an audience

clementia, clementiae, f., mildness, gentleness, mercy
mens, mentis, f., mind, though, intention

satura, saturae, f., satire

acer, acris, acre, sharp, keen, eager; severe, fierce

brevis, breve, short, small, brief

celer, celeris, celere, swift, quick, rapid

difficilis, difficile, hard, difficult, troublesome

dulcis, dulce, sweet; pleasant, agreeable

facilis, facile, easy, agreeable

fortis, forte, strong, brave

ingens, gen. ingentis, huge

iucundus, iucunda, iucundum, pleasant, delightful, agreeable, pleasing

longus, longa, longum, long

omnis, omne, every, all

potens, gen. potentis, pres. part. of possum as an adj. able, powerful, mighty, strong

senex, gen. senis, adj. and noun, old, aged; old man

quam, how

rego, regere, rexo, rectum, to rule, guide, direct

Exercitationes
1. He seized a great part of those cities after many years by force and counsel.
2. Before the eyes of Caesar himself we ran through the street and fled with friends.
3. Nobody sees their own faults, but each person sees those of others.
4. Will he have reminded them recently about the strength of those cities in Asia?


Capvt XvII: The Relative Pronoun

- qui, quae, quod (who, which, that in English)
- introduces a subordinate clause and refers back to some noun or pronoun known as its antecedent

Qui, Quae, Quod, who, which, that

Singular Plural
M. F. N. M. F. N.
qui quae quod qui quae quae
cuius cuius cuius quorum quarum quorum
cui cui cui quibus quibus quibus
quem quam quod quos quas quae
quo qua quo quibus quibus quibus

Usage and Agreement

The woman whom you are praising is wise.

a. Since the antecedent, femina, is feminine and singular, whom in Latin will have to be feminine and
singular
b. Since in the subordinate clause whom is the direct object of (you) are praising (laudas), it must be in the
accusative case in Latin
c. Therefore it must be feminine, accusative, and singular: quam

Vocabulary

Italia, Italiae, f., Italy

memoria, memoriae, f., memory, recollection

tempestas, tempestatis, f., period of time, season; weather, storm

centum, indecl. adj. a hundred

mille indecl. adj. in sg. thousand; milia, milium, n. i-stem noun in plural thousands

miser, misera, miserum, wretched, miserable, unfortunate

inter, prep. + acc. between, among

itaque, adv. and so, therefore

committo, committere, commisi, commissum, to entrust, commit

exspecto, espectare, exspectavi, exsectatum, to look for, expect, await

iacio, iacere, ieci, iactum, to throw, hurl

timeo, timere, timui, to fear, be afraid of