Computer exercise 1 Electric Power System 2013 1(4)

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Computer exercise 1
When you download the PowerWorld Simulator you also get the textbook sample cases.
Additional files are found at www.iea.lth.se/eps/powerworld/
1.1 Introduction to PowerWorld
Examples 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 in the textbook describe running and editing power system
models in PowerWorld. Run the associated examples in PowerWorld while reading the
text in the book. The files you need are named Example1_1.pwb and Example1_1.pwd.
1.2 Entering test system in PowerWorld

Figure 1 Three-bus power system used for load flow calculations. Voltages and line
impedances are in per unit. System base is 100 MVA.
Start PowerWorld and enter the system in Figure 1 in Edit Mode:
a) Insert bus 1. 138 kV default is OK as nominal voltage. Check in the Bus Options
dialog (Bus Information tab) that it is used as system slack bus and that the
voltage is 1.0 p.u. and phase angle is zero.
b) Insert bus 2 and 3.
c) Insert generators at buses 1 and 2 and a load at bus 3. Enter generation and
(constant) load power. Check that the voltage setpoint is correct at bus 2.
d) Insert the three transmission lines and enter their line reactance in p.u.
1.3 Full load flow solution in PowerWorld

Figure 2 Load flow solution and line flows of system in Figure 1. Note that voltage
is in p.u. while line flows are in MW and Mvar.
a) In Run Mode in Tools tab, push Single Solution Full Newton to solve load flow.
b) Analyze results (Case Information Power Flow List...) Compare with Figure 2.
Computer exercise 1 Electric Power System 2013 2(4)
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1.4 Matrices in PowerWorld
In Run Mode, under Tools tab select Solve Reset to flat start.
a) Select Solution Details Ybus in Case Information Model Explorer. Compare
with Exercise 1.3.
b) Select Solution Details Power Flow Jacobian. Compare it to your own from
Exercise 2.4. You will hopefully find that three rows and columns agree, but that
PowerWorld has a row and column for voltage magnitude at the generator bus.
This is to reserve a matrix row for the case when reactive generator output limits
are reached and the PV bus turns into a PQ bus.
1.5 Load flow iterations in PowerWorld
In the Tools tab Simulator Options select Power Flow Solution Common Options
Do Only One Iteration. In the Model Explorer, select Solution Details Mismatches.
a) Back in the Tools tab, push single solution. Write down the mismatches and
updated values of phase angles and load bus voltage. Compare with Exercise 2.5.
b) Repeat until mismatch is less than 0.1 MVA. How many iterations are needed?
c) Remove single iteration. Start continuous simulation by pushing the Play button
and see how load calculations are done repeatedly. Try operating circuit breakers
and see what happens.
1.6 Larger system in PowerWorld
Download the file Chapter_6.zip and unzip it.
a) Run Example6_9 to see a slightly larger system. Note that the Ybus matrix has a
number of zeros. This is called a sparse matrix. By not storing zeros and skipping
multiplications by zero, computational performance can be improved. This is
called sparsity techniques, see section 6.8 of the textbook (not in the course).
b) Change transformer symbols into circles: On the Onelines tab, select Oneline
Display Options where the choice is done on the Display Object Options
General Options tab.
1.7 Jacobian of a larger system in PowerWorld
a) Run Example6_11.
Note the existence of rows in the Jacobian that correspond to controlled voltage:
When trying to reach the desired voltage the maximum or minimum reactive
output limit of the generator may be hit. The generator then stays at its limit,
with a known reactive output. At the same time voltage control is lost so voltage
must be computed. The generator bus then behaves like a load bus and an
equation for reactive power is needed. The voltage row in the Jacobian is thus
there to prepare for this by reserving space in the matrix for a possible switch
from PV to PQ bus.
b) Change the Mvar limit so that it is activated. Verify that a voltage row in the
Jacobian has changed into a reactive power row.
1.8 Changing load flow in PowerWorld
a) Run Example6_12. Write down the maximum and minimum values of MW
generation at bus Three where 100% load is reached in a transformer or a line.
b) Repeat example 6.12 but with one line out of service: Increase and decrease the
MW output of the generator at bus Three until 100% load is reached somewhere.
Computer exercise 1 Electric Power System 2013 3(4)
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Solutions



Solution 1.5 a)

Solution 1.5 b) Two iterations make the mismatches smaller than 0.1 MVA.
Solution 1.6 a)
See Figure 6.3
Computer exercise 1 Electric Power System 2013 4(4)
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