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Fig. 176--Horizontal Duplex Steam Pump Longitudinal Cross Section

NOMENCLATURE OF PARTS
HORIZONTAL, DUPLEX STEAM PUMP
1. Inlet to Steam Chest
2. Valve Nut or Tappet
3. "D" Type Slide Valve
4. Valve Rod Stuffing Box
5. Valve Rod Stuffing Box Gland
6. Valve Rod
7. Valve Rod Knuckle End
8. Valve Rod Knuckle Pin
9. Valve Rod Connecting Link
10. Cross Shaft
*11. Lever (See Note)
*12. Crank (See Note)
13. Cross Shaft Stand or Pedestal
14. Cradle
15. Liquid Piston Rod Stuffing Box
Gland
16. Liquid End Stuffing Box
17. Liquid End Cylinder Casting
18. Discharge Valve Plate or Diaphragm
19. Discharge Cap or Head
20. Discharge Valve Spring Guard
21. Discharge Valve Spring
22. Discharge Valve Disc
23. Discharge Valve Seat
24. Suction Valve Spring
25. Suction Valve Disc
26. Discharge Outlet
28. Liquid Cylinder With Pressed-in Liner of
Bronze
29. Liquid Cylinder Head Cover
30. Suction Inlet
31. Piston Follower Nut
32. Piston Follower
33. Piston Body
34. Liquid Piston Rings (Hydraulic Duck-Metallic
or Rock-Hard Fibrous) Depending on service
35. Piston Rod
36. Piston Rod Spool or (Threaded, Split-Type
Crosshead)
37. Steam Piston Rod Stuffing Box Gland
38. Steam Piston Rod Stuffing Box
39. Steam Inlet Ports
40. Exhaust Ports
41. Steam Cylinder Piston With Cast Iron Rings
42. Steam Cylinder Head
43. Supporting Bases
*NOTE: Levers and Cranks
A long lever on right side connects to long crank
on left side to left steam cylinder valve.
A short lever on left side connects to short crank
on right steam cylinder valve.
27. Suction Valve Seat


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PISTON ROD MOTION
The motion of the piston rod is controlled
by the slide valves in the steam chest. See
Fig. 177 At "c-c". The slide valves are so
adjusted that the steam is admitted to one
end of the cylinder to force the piston in
one direction. See Fig. 178. The slots in
the cylinder body at the base of the steam
chest are the steam ports. Slots "a-a" are
inlet ports, one on each end of the cylinder
which makes it double-acting. Slots "b-b"
are exhaust ports. Slot "f" is the main
exhaust port, cored through the casting to
exhaust discharge connection. The
mechanic is holding a slide valve in each
hand at "d" and "e" in Fig. 178.
VALVE TAPPET
The valve nut or tappet, Fig. 176 at "2", is placed
between the two IT-shaped lugs shown on the back
of the slide valve in Fig. 178 at "d". The tappet is
narrower in width than the space between these lugs,
giving a designed lost motion, usually 1/2", the
width of the inlet port on each side of the nut. When
the valve is set in central position or dead center as
in Fig. 176, it is in position for adjustment. This
condition can never occur in actual operation
because every port (inlet) is closed.
This lost motion designed in slide valves is provided
to eliminate a positive "dwell" on both cylinders
simultaneously, which would give a pulsating action
to the water discharge. The lost motion keeps one piston in motion at all times, eliminating
the undesirable surge which would be caused by the overlapping action.
As this sequence of motion continues, the plunger in the liquid-end of the pump forces the
water or oil to move in a continuous flow. This continuous flow is possible because one
plunger is going ahead when the plunger beside it is backing up. One plunger sucks the liquid
into the chamber, and the other plunger pushes the liquid that was sucked in on the previous
stroke out of the chamber. Figure 179 shows the liquid-end of the pump with the bonnet
removed. The mechanic is holding the discharge valve plate. One valve stem, valve, and
spring assembly have been removed.

Fig. 177-Adjusting Valve Slide Rods

Fig. 178-Checking Valve
Slide for Fit


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PISTON ROD SPOOL
The piston rod carries 3. spool, Fig. 176 at
"36" and Fig. 180 at "f", located in a central
position between the steam and liquid ends.
The spool is fastened by a tapered, fitted pin
and a set screw; and it is cut out to form a U-
shaped opening which actuates the valve-
operating lever and also prevents the piston
rod from revolving. This revolving action
will occur if the piston rings bind in the
steam-piston grooves. (The action of the
steam on the diagonal-cut gaps of the piston
rings is similar to a screw or twisting thrust
as in a Mitchell-Thrust slipper-action.)
CYLINDRICAL SPOOL
Some pump manufacturers use a cylindrical
spool without a milled flat as in Fig. 180 at "f",
and to prevent the piston rod's turning they
employ a slotted extension on the spool which
engages a rib extension. The rib extension is cast
integral with the cradle casting, directly under
the piston-rod spool.
VALVE OPERATING LEVERS
The upper end of the valve operating lever (11,
Fig. 176) is keyed to a cross-shaft (10, Fig. 176).
The cross-shaft operates in bronze bushings in the cross-shaft stand (13, Fig. 176). The other
end of the shaft carries the crank (12, Fig. 176) which is connected by a pin through the
drilled end of the valve rod connecting link (9, Fig. 176). The other end of this link is
connected to the forked end of the valve rod called the valve rod knuckle end (7, Fig. 176) by
a knuckle pin (8, Fig. 176). The tappet (2, Fig. 176) is adjustable on the threaded valve rod
(6, Fig. 176) to permit adjustment of slide valves by disengaging knuckle pin and turning the
valve rod in or out, as required.
SLIDE VALVES
The two valve slides are shown at 1 and m, Fig. 182. Notice 1 slide is forward while the
adjoining slide is to the rear. Two steam ports may be seen at opposite ends of the steam
chest. Figure 185, "n" and "o",

Fig. 179--Liquid End of Pump with
Bonnet Removed

Fig. 180--Horizontal Pump
Valve Mechanism


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