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Next generation cloud computing architectures aim to enable real-time dynamism and shared distributed infrastructure. Current server-centric approaches are inadequate and not scalable to support consumer demands. A network-centric model is needed where all resources can be dynamically provisioned in real-time. Traditional operating systems and management systems were designed for dedicated, not shared resources. A new approach is needed that can mediate resource sharing and prioritize applications based on business needs in real-time.
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New generation Cloud Computing architecture using distributed computing and artificial intelligence
Next generation cloud computing architectures aim to enable real-time dynamism and shared distributed infrastructure. Current server-centric approaches are inadequate and not scalable to support consumer demands. A network-centric model is needed where all resources can be dynamically provisioned in real-time. Traditional operating systems and management systems were designed for dedicated, not shared resources. A new approach is needed that can mediate resource sharing and prioritize applications based on business needs in real-time.
Next generation cloud computing architectures aim to enable real-time dynamism and shared distributed infrastructure. Current server-centric approaches are inadequate and not scalable to support consumer demands. A network-centric model is needed where all resources can be dynamically provisioned in real-time. Traditional operating systems and management systems were designed for dedicated, not shared resources. A new approach is needed that can mediate resource sharing and prioritize applications based on business needs in real-time.
distributed physical infrastructure G.Monisha, M.Tech - !ear,"M.#aina Glancy, M.Tech - !ear,$M.%e&athi, M.Tech - !ear ' A.(adi&elu,Assitant )rofessor,*epartment of nformation Technology (elammal Engineering college,surapet,Chennai-++ Monigeorge,-.gmail.com, lainaglancy.gmail.com,sitams.&adi.&elu.gmail.com,hellore&athy.m.gmail.com ABSTRACT Cloud computing is fundamentally altering the expectations for ho/ and /hen computing, storage and net/or0ing resources should be allocated, managed and consumed. End-users are increasingly sensiti&e to the latency of ser&ices they consume. 1er&ice *e&elopers /ant the 1er&ice )ro&iders to ensure or pro&ide the capability to dynamically allocate and manage resources in response to changing demand patterns in real-time. 2ltimately, 1er&ice )ro&iders are under pressure to architect their infrastructure to enable real-time endto- end &isibility and dynamic resource management /ith finegrained control to reduce total cost of o/nership /hile also impro&ing agility. The current approaches to enabling real-time, dynamic infrastructure are inade3uate, expensi&e and not scalable to support consumer mass-mar0et re3uirements. 4&er time, the ser&er-centric infrastructure management systems ha&e e&ol&ed to become a complex tangle of layered systems designed to automate systems administration functions that are 0no/ledge and labor intensi&e. This expensi&e and non-real time paradigm is ill suited for a /orld /here customers are demanding communication, collaboration and commerce at the speed of light. Than0s to hard/are assisted &irtuali5ation, and the resulting decoupling of infrastructure and application management, it is no/ possible to pro&ide dynamic &isibility and control of ser&ices management to meet the rapidly gro/ing demand for cloud-based ser&ices. 6hat is needed is a rethin0ing of the underlying operating system and management infrastructure to accommodate the ongoing transformation of the data center from the traditional ser&er-centric architecture model to a cloud or net/or0-centric model. This paper proposes and describes a reference model for a net/or0- centric datacenter infrastructure management stac0 that borro/s and applies 0ey concepts that ha&e enabled dynamism, scalability, reliability and security in the telecom industry, to the computing industry. Keywords-Cloud Computing, *istributed Computing, (irtuali5ation, *ata Center I. INTRODUCTION The unpredictable demands of the 6eb ,.7 era in combination /ith the desire to better utili5e T resources are dri&ing the need for a more dynamic T infrastructure that can respond to rapidly changing re3uirements in real-time. This need for real-time dynamism is about to fundamentally alter the datacenter landscape and transform the T infrastructure as /e 0no/ it. n the cloud computing era, the computer can no longer be thought of in terms of the physical enclosure 8 i.e. the ser&er or box, /hich houses the processor, memory, storage and associated components that constitute the computer. nstead the 9computer: in the cloud ideally comprises a pool of physical compute resources 8 i.e. processors, memory, net/or0 band/idth and storage, potentially distributed physically across ser&er and geographical boundaries /hich can be organi5ed on demand into a dynamic logical entity i.e. a 9cloud computer:, that can gro/ or shrin0 in real-time in order to assure the desired le&els of latency sensiti&ity, performance, scalability, reliability and security to any application that runs in it. 6hat is truly enabling this transformation today is &irtuali5ation technology 8 more specifically hard/are assisted ser&er &irtuali5ation. At a fundamental le&el, &irtuali5ation technology enables the abstraction or decoupling of the application payload from the underlying physical resource ;,<. 6hat this typically means is that the physical resource can then be car&ed up into logical or &irtual resources as needed. This is 0no/n as Proceedings of National Conference on Advanced Computing and CommunicationNCACC11, April.16, 2011 pro&isioning. =y introducing a suitable management infrastructure on top of this &irtuali5ation functionality, the pro&isioning of these logical resources could be made dynamic i.e. the logical resource could be made bigger or smaller in accordance /ith demand. This is 0no/n as dynamic pro&isioning. To enable a true 9cloud: computer, e&ery single computing element or resource should be capable of being dynamically pro&isioned and managed in real-time. )resently, there are many holes and areas for impro&ement in today>s datacenter infrastructure before /e can achie&e the abo&e &ision of a cloud computer. =elo/ /e discuss these for each of the 0ey datacenter infrastructure components. A. Server Operating Systems and irt!a"i#ation 6hereas net/or0s and storage resources - than0s to ad&ances in net/or0 ser&ices management and 1ANs, ha&e already been capable of being &irtuali5ed for a /hile, only no/ /ith the /ider adoption of ser&er &irtuali5ation do /e ha&e the complete basic foundation for cloud computing i.e. all computing resources can no/ be &irtuali5ed. Conse3uently, ser&er &irtuali5ation is the spar0 that is no/ dri&ing the transformation of the T infrastructure from the traditional ser&er centric computing architecture to a net/or0-centric, cloud computing architecture. 6ith ser&er &irtuali5ation, /e no/ ha&e the ability to create complete logical ?&irtual@ ser&ers that are independent of the underlying physical infrastructure or their physical location. 6e can specify the computing, net/or0 and storage resources for each logical ser&er ?&irtual machine@ and e&en mo&e /or0loads from one &irtual machine to another in real-time ?li&e migration@. All of this has helped to radically transform the cost structure and efficiency of the data center. Capacity utili5ation of ser&ers can be increased and o&erall consolidating /or0loads can dramatically reduce po/er consumption. Additionally, than0s to ser&er &irtuali5ation and li&e migration, Aigh A&ailability ?AA@ and *isaster %eco&ery ?*%@ can be implemented much more efficiently ;B<. *espite the numerous benefits that &irtuali5ation has enabled /e are yet to reali5e the full potential of &irtuali5ation in terms of cloud computing. This is becauseC Traditional server-centric operating sstems !ere not designed to manage s"ared distri#uted resources$ The Cloud computing paradigm is all about optimally sharing a set of distributed computing resources /hereas the ser&er-centric computing paradigm is about dedicating resources to a particular application. The ser&er-centric paradigm of computing inherently ties the application to the ser&er. The Dob of the ser&er operating system is to dedicate and ensure a&ailability of all a&ailable computing resources on the ser&er to the application. f another application is installed on the same ser&er, the operating system /ill once again manage all of the ser&er resources, to ensure that each application continues to be ser&iced as if it has access to all a&ailable resources on that ser&er. This model /as not designed to allo/ for the 9dial-up: or 9dialdo/n: of resource allocated to an application in response to changing /or0load demands or business priorities. This is /hy load-balancing and clustering /as introduced. Ao/e&er, that does not alter the association of an application to a ser&er. t Dust uses more instances of the application 8 each running in their o/n ser&er, to try and share any increased burden. 6hat is re3uired for cloud computing 8 /here distributed resources are shared amongst applications, is for a /ay to 9mediate: bet/een the applications and the resources by prioriti5ing the applications> needs based on relati&e business priorities. 4ur 0ey obser&ation here is that any sharing of resources /ill at some point ine&itably result in contention for those resources /hich can only be resol&ed through a system that performs mediation globally across all the distributed shared resources. Today>s operating systems do not nati&ely pro&ide this type of capability. This is often relegated to management systems that are layered on top or orthogonal to operating systems. Ao/e&er, the management system /ere also designed for a ser&er- centric, configuration based paradigm and ha&e similar issues /hich ma0e them ill suited as mediators that can enable real-time dynamism. The issues related to management systems are detailed in a separate section belo/. Current "pervisors do not provide ade%uate separation #et!een application management and p"sical resource management$ Today>s hyper&isors ha&e Dust interposed themsel&es one le&el do/n belo/ the operating system to enable multiple 9&irtual: ser&ers to be hosted on one physical ser&er. 6hile this is great for consolidation, once again there is no /ay for applications to manage ho/, /hat and /hen resources are allocated to themsel&es /ithout ha&ing to /orry about the management of physical resources. t is our obser&ation that the current generation of hyper&isors /hich /ere also born from the era of ser&er-centric computing does not delineate hard/are management from application management much li0e the ser&er operating systems themsel&es. t is our contention that management and allocation of a shared infrastructure re3uire a different approach. B. Storage Networ$s % irt!a"i#ation =efore the proliferation of ser&er &irtuali5ation, storage net/or0ing and storage &irtuali5ation enabled many impro&ements in the datacenter. The 0ey dri&er /as the introduction of the Eibre Channel ?EC@ protocol and Eibre Channel-based 1torage Area Net/or0s ?1AN@ /hich pro&ided high speed storage connecti&ity and speciali5ed storage solutions to enable such benefits as ser&er-less bac0up, point to point replication, AAF*% and performance optimi5ation outside of the ser&ers that run applications. Ao/e&er, these benefits ha&e come 24 Ad"iparasa&t"i 'ngineering College, (elmaruvat"ur /ith increased management complexity and costs. n fact 1AN administrator costs are often cited as the single most critical factor affecting the successful deployment and management of &irtual ser&er infrastructure. &. Networ$ irt!a"i#ation The &irtual net/or0s no/ implemented inside the physical ser&er to s/itch bet/een all the &irtual ser&ers pro&ide an alternati&e to the multiplexed, multi-pathed net/or0 channels by trun0ing them directly to 6AN transport thereby simplifying the physical net/or0 infrastructure. 6ith the proliferation of multi-core multi-C)2 commodity ser&ers, it has almost become necessary to eliminate the mess of cables other/ise needed to interface multiple A=As and NCs for each application /ith a single high speed Ethernet connection and a &irtual s/itch. t is our contention that resultant architectural simplicity /ill significantly reduce associated management burden and costs.)resent day management systems are not cut out to enable the real-time dynamic infrastructure needed for cloud computing. Aere are the reasons /hyC )uman sstem administrators do not lend t"emselves to ena#ling real-time dnamism$ Polic-#ased management is not reall automation$ There are a lot of management systems today that pro&ide policy-based management capabilities. The trouble is the policies ha&e to be programmed by expert system administrators /ho ma0e Dudgments based on their experience. This is neither an optimal nor a scalable solution for cloud computing en&ironments /here the /or0load demands are unprecedented and &ary /ildly. '. App"i&ation Creation and (a&$aging) The current method of using (irtual Machine images that include the application, 41 and storage dis0 images is once again born of a ser&er- centric computing paradigm and does not lend itself to enable distribution across shared resources. n a cloud computing paradigm, applications should ideally be constructed as a collection of ser&ices /hich can be composed, decomposed and distributed on the fly. Each of the ser&ices could be considered to be indi&idual processes of a larger /or0flo/ that constitutes the application. n this /ay, indi&idual ser&ices can be orchestrated and pro&isioned to optimi5e the o&erall performance and latency re3uirements for the application. II. (RO(OS'D R'*'R'NC' ARC+IT'CTUR' ,OD'- f /e /ere to distill the abo&e obser&ations from the pre&ious section, /e can see a couple of 0ey themes emerging. That isC .. The next generation architecture for cloud computing must completely decouple physical resources management from &irtual resource managementG and /. )ro&ide the capability to mediate bet/een applications and resources in real-time. As /e highlighted in the pre&ious section, /e are yet to achie&e perfect decoupling of physical resources management from &irtual resource management but the introduction and increased adoption of hard/are assisted &irtuali5ation ?AA(@ as an important and necessary step to/ards this goal. Than0s to AA(, a next generation hyper&isor /ill be able to manage and truly ensure the same le&el of access to the underlying physical resources. Additionally, this hyper&isor should be capable of managing both the resources located locally /ithin a ser&er as /ell as any resources in other ser&ers that may be located else/here physically and connected by a net/or0. 4nce the management of physical resources is decoupled from the &irtual resource management the need for a mediation layer that arbitrates the allocation of resources bet/een multiple applications and the shared distributed physical resources becomes apparent. 0. *nfrastructure +ervice ,a#ric$ This layer comprises t/o pieces. Together the t/o components enable a computing resource 9dial-tone: that pro&ides the basis for pro&isioning resource e3uitably to all applications in the cloudC .. -istri#uted +ervices (ediation$ This is a ECA)1based ?Eault, Configuration, Accounting, )erformance and 1ecurity@ abstraction layer that enables autonomous self-management of e&ery indi&idual resource in a net/or0 of resources that may be distributed geographically, and a ,. Virtual Resource Mediation Layer: This pro&ides the ability to compose logical &irtual ser&ers /ith a le&el of ser&ice assurance that guarantees resources such as number of C)2s, memory, band/idth, latency, 4)1 ?F4 operations per second@, storage throughput and capacity. -istri#uted +ervices Assurance Platform$ This layer /ill allo/ for creation of ECA)1-managed &irtual ser&ers that load and host the desired choice of 41 to allo/ the loading and execution of applications. 1ince the &irtual ser&ers implement ECA)1- management, they can pro&ide automated mediation ser&ices to nati&ely ensure fault management and reliability ?AAF*%@, performance optimi5ation, accounting and security. This defines the management dial-tone in our reference architecture model. 6e en&ision that ser&ice pro&iders /ill offer these &irtual ser&ers /ith appropriate management A) ?management dial-tone@ to the ser&ice 25 Proceedings of National Conference on Advanced Computing and CommunicationNCACC11, April.16, 2011 de&elopers to create self-configuring, self-healing, self optimi5ing ser&ices that can be composed to create self-managed business /or0flo/s that are independent of the physical infrastructure. III. D'(-O1,'NT O* T+' R'*'R'NC' ,OD'- Any generic cloud ser&ice platform re3uirements must address the needs of four categories of sta0e holders ?H@ nfrastructure )ro&iders, ?,@ 1er&ice )ro&iders. ?B@ 1er&ice *e&elopers, and ?'@ End 2sers. =elo/ /e describe ho/ the reference model /e described /ill affect, benefit and be deployed by each of the abo&e sta0eholders. *nfrastructure providers: These are &endors /ho pro&ide the underlying computing, net/or0 and storage resources that can be car&ed up into logical cloud computers, /hich /ill be dynamically controlled to deli&er massi&ely scalable, and globally interoperable ser&ice net/or0 infrastructure. =oth ser&ice creators /ho de&elop the ser&ices and also the end users /ho utili5e these ser&ices /ill use the infrastructure. This is &ery similar to s/itching, transmission and access e3uipment &endors in the telecom /orld /ho incorporate ser&ice enabling features and management interfaces in their e3uipment. Current storage and computing ser&er infrastructure has neither the ability to dynamic dial- up and dial-do/n resources nor the capability for dynamic management /hich /ill help eliminate the numerous layers of present day management systems and the human latency they contribute. The ne/ reference architecture pro&ides an opportunity for the infrastructure &endors to eliminate current systems administration oriented management paradigm and enable next generation real-time, on-demand, ECA)1-based management so that applications can dynamically re3uest the dial-up and dial-do/n of allocated resources. +ervice providers: 6ith the deployment of our ne/ reference architecture, ser&ice pro&iders /ill be able to assure both ser&ice de&elopers and ser&ice users that resources /ill be a&ailable on demand. They /ill be able to effecti&ely measureand meter resource utili5ation end-to-end usage to enable a dial-tone for computing ser&ice /hile managing 1er&ice #e&els to meet the a&ailability, performance and security re3uirements for each ser&ice. The ser&ice pro&ider /ill no/ manage the application>s connection to computing, net/or0 and storage resource /ith appropriate 1#As. This is different from most current cloud computing solutions that are nothing more than hosted infrastructure or applications accessed o&er the nternet. This /ill also enable a ne/ distributed &irtual ser&ices operating system that pro&ides distributed ECA)1-based resource management on demand. +ervice -evelopers$ They /ill be able to de&elop cloudbased ser&ices using the management ser&ices A) to configure, monitor and manage ser&ice resource allocation, a&ailability, utili5ation, performance and security of their applications in real-time. 'nd .sers$ Their demand for choice, mobility and interacti&ity /ith intuiti&e user interfaces /ill continue to gro/. The managed resources in our reference architecture /ill no/ not only allo/ the ser&ice de&elopers to create and deli&er ser&ices using logical ser&ers that end users can dynamically pro&ision in real-time to respond to changing demands, but also pro&ide ser&ice pro&iders the capability to charge the end-user by metering exact resource usage for the desired 1#A. . CONC-USION n this paper, /e ha&e described the re3uirements for implementing a truly dynamic cloud-computing infrastructure. 1uch an infrastructure comprises a pool of physical computing resources 8 i.e. processors, memory, net/or0 band/idth and storage, potentially distributed physically across ser&er and geographical boundaries /hich can be organi5ed on demand into a dynamic logical entity i.e. 9cloud computer:, that can gro/ or shrin0 in real-time in order to assure the desired le&els of latency sensiti&ity, performance, scalability, reliability and security to any application that runs in it. 6e identified some 0ey areas of deficiency /ith current &irtuali5ation and management technologies. n particular /e detailed the importance of separating physical resource management from &irtual resource management and /hy current operating systems and hyper&isors 8 /hich /ere born of the ser&er-computing era, are not designed and hence illustrated to pro&ide this capability for the distributed shared resources typical of cloud deployment. 6e also highlighted the need for ECA)1 based ?Eault, Configuration, Accounting, )erformance and 1ecurity@ ser&ice 9mediation: to pro&ide global management functionality for all net/or0ed physical resources that comprise a cloud 8 irrespecti&e of their distribution across many physical ser&ers in different geographical locations. 6e then proposed a reference architecture model for a distributed cloud computing mediation ?management@ platform, /hich /ill form the basis for enabling next generation cloud computing infrastructure. 6e sho/ed ho/ this infrastructure /ould affect as /ell as benefit 0ey sta0eholders such as the nfrastructure pro&iders, ser&ice pro&iders, ser&ice de&eloper and end-users. 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