1

PEC140 Introduction to Chemistry

STUDY BLOCK 3 Tutorial Answers


1. Any three of colour change, gas evolved, precipitate formed, heat is absorbed/evolved.

2. Unbalanced equation: B
2
O
3
+ Mg B + MgO

3. NB In PEC140, state symbols are optional

a) C
5
H
12
(g) + 8O
2
(g) 5CO
2
(g) + 6H
2
O(g)
b) CO
2
(g) + 2NH
3
(g) CO(NH
2
)
2
(aq) + H
2
O(l)
c) FeS(s) + 2HCl(aq) FeCl
2
(aq) + H
2
S(g)
d) 2NaHCO
3
(s) Na
2
CO
3
(s) + CO
2
(g) + H
2
O(g)
e) As
2
O
3
(s) + 6KI(aq) + 6HCl(aq) 2AsI
3
(s) + 6KCl(aq) + 3H
2
O(l)
f) Na
2
CO
3
(aq) + S(s) + SO
2
(g) CO
2
(g) + Na
2
S
2
O
3
(aq)

4. a) A net ionic equation is a stoicheometrically-correct chemical equation that
indicates only the species that are participating in (are chemically changed by) the
reaction.
b) The quote marks ( ) are used to remind us that the species involved in a net ionic
chemical equation are not necessarily ions.

5. a) NaOH(aq) + HNO
3
(aq) NaNO
3
(aq) + H
2
O(l)
OH

(aq) + H
+
(aq) H
2
O(l)
Reaction type: acid-base

b) K
2
CO
3
(aq) + Ba(NO
3
)
2
(aq) 2KNO
3
(aq) + BaCO
3
(s)
Ba
2+
(aq) + CO
3
2
(aq) BaCO
3
(s)
Reaction type: precipitation

c) FeCl
3
(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) Fe(OH)
3
(s) + 3NaCl(aq)
Fe
3+
(aq) + 3OH

(aq) Fe(OH)
3
(s)
Reaction type: precipitation

d) 4FeO(s) + O
2
(g) 2Fe
2
O
3
(s)
Reaction type: combustion or oxidation

e) see above.

6. a) 1.00 mol of iodine atoms = 1.00 mole of I.
From periodic table molar mass of I is 126.9 g mol
1
.
Therefore the mass of 1.00 mole of I atoms is 127 g (to 3 significant figures).

b) 1.00 mol of iodine molecules = 1.00 mole of I
2
as iodine (like all halogens) exists
naturally as a diatomic molecule.
Therefore the mass of 1.00 mol of I
2
= no. of mole molar mass = 1.00 mol (2
126.9 g mol
1
) = 253.8 g.
The mass of 1 mol of I
2
is 254 g (to 3 significant figures).

c) Mass of 2 iodine molecules.
2
There are 6.02 10
23
particles in 1 mol of any substance. In this case the particles
are molecules. Thus using simple proportion:
6.02 10
23
molecules of I
2
are contained in 1 mol of I
2

Let: 2 molecules of I
2
be contained in x mol of I
2

Therefore: x = (1 2)/ 6.02 10
23
= 3.322 10
24
mol
Now that we have moles, we can work out the mass of the I
2
molecules:
m(I
2
) = n(I
2
) M(I
2
) = 3.322 10
24
mol 253.8 g mol
1
= 8.4319 10
22
g
The mass of 2 iodine molecules is 8.43 10
22
g (to 3 significant figures; note that 1
and 2 are pure numbers in this case).

7. To determine the number of atoms must first determine the number of moles.
n(O
2
) = m(O
2
) / M(O
2
) = 12 g/(2 16 g mol
1
) = 0.375 mol.
However there are two atoms of O in each molecule of O
2
:
n(O) = 2 n(O
2
) = 0.75 mol
Similarly n(SO
2
) = m(SO
2
) / M(SO
2
) = 12 g/(32 + [2 16 g mol
1
]) = 0.1875 mol.
However there are two atoms of O and 1 atom of S in each molecule of SO
2
:
n(atom) = 3 n(SO
2
) = 0.5625 mol 0.56 mol
Since the number of particles (atoms in this case) is directly proportional to the number of
moles (of atoms) and since n(atoms in 12 g O
2
) > n(atoms in 12 g SO
2
), 12 g of O
2
has the
greatest number of atoms.

8. % by mass of C in C
2
H
6
As = ?, given M(C
2
H
6
As) = 105.0 g mol
1

1 mol C
2
H
6
As : 2 mol C
105.0 g C
2
H
6
As : 2 12.01 g C = 24.02 g C
Let: 100 g C
2
H
6
As : x g C
x = (24.02 g 100 g) / (105.0 g) = 22.876 g
There is 22.876 g C in 100 g C
2
H
6
As so there is 22.88 % by mass of C in C
2
H
6
As (Answer
to 4 significant figures).

9. Calculation of the empirical formula of cadaverine.
Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen
% (i.e. mass in 100 g cadaverine) 58.77 g 13.81 g 27.40 g
Number of mole = mass / molar mass 58.77 g /
12.01 g mol
1

= 4.893 mol
13.81 g /
1.008 g mol
1

= 13.700 mol
27.40 /
14.01 g mol
1

= 1.956 mol
Relative number of moles
( the smallest number)
4.893 mol /
1.956 mol
= 2.5
13.700 mol /
1.956 mol
= 7
1.956 mol /
1.956 mol
= 1
2 (to obtain simplest whole numbers) 2.5 2 = 5 7 2 = 14 1 2 = 2

Empirical formula of cadaverine is C
5
H
14
N
2
.

10. From the description, the reactants are Zn(s) and HCl(aq), the products are H
2
(g) and
ZnCl
2
(aq).
3
Thus the balanced chemical equation is:
Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) H
2
(g) + ZnCl
2
(aq)
A both HCl(aq) and ZnCl
2
(aq) are strong electrolytes (i.e. are fully dissociated) this equation
can be written as
Zn(s) + 2H
+
(aq) + 2Cl

(aq) H
2
(g) + Zn
2+
(aq) + 2Cl

(aq)
Since the Cl

ions are present on both sides of the equation they are spectator ions. Thus the
net ionic equation is:
Zn(s) + 2H
+
(aq) H
2
(g) + Zn
2+
(aq)

11. a) 2Fe
3+
(aq) + 3CO
3
2
(aq) Fe
2
(CO
3
)
3
(s)
b) Hg
2
2+
(aq) + 2Cl

(aq) Hg
2
Cl
2
(s)
c) no reaction
d) Cu
2+
(aq) + S
2
(aq) CuS(s)
e) 3Pb
2+
(aq) + 2PO
4
3
(aq) Pb
3
(PO
4
)
2
(s)
f) Ca
2+
(aq) + CO
3
2
(aq) CaCO
3
(s)

12. E. There is no reaction
MgCl
2
(aq) + 2HNO
3
(aq) Mg(NO
3
)
2
(aq) + 2HCl(aq)
Mg
2+
(aq) + 2Cl

(aq) + 2H
+
(aq) + 2NO
3

(aq) Mg
2+
(aq) + 2NO
3

(aq) + 2H
+
(aq) + 2Cl

(aq)

All ions are present, in the same forms, on both sides of the equation, so there is no reaction

13. D. (ii), (iii) and (iv) only.
(i) Ba(NO
3
)
2
(aq) + HCl(aq) BaCl
2
(aq) + 2 HNO
3
(aq) (no reaction)
(ii) Ca(NO
3
)
2
(aq) + Na
2
SO
4
(aq) CaSO
4
(s) + 2 NaNO
3
(aq)
(iii) Cu(NO
3
)
2
(aq) + 2 CsOH(aq) Cu(OH)
2
(s) + 2 CsNO
3
(aq)
(iv) Pb(NO
3
)
2
(aq) + H
2
SO
4
(aq) PbSO
4
(s) + 2 HNO
3
(aq)